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PHRP : Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives

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Most-download articles are from the articles published in 2024 during the last three month.

Review Articles

The global prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Alwin Issac, Kurvatteppa Halemani, Asha Shetty, Latha Thimmappa, VR Vijay, Kiranmayi Koni, Prabhaker Mishra, Vishwas Kapoor
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(1):3-27.
Published online February 10, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0286
The global prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Objectives
The objective of this review was to analyze quantitative data on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to increase the accuracy of estimates of the prevalence of ASD.
Methods
This review, which was reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement, included studies conducted from January 2008 to June 2024 on children aged 3 to 18 years that used standardized measurement tools and reported cut-off scores for ASD. The prevalence of ASD was the primary outcome analyzed in this review. The PubMed, Clinical Key, Scopus, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases were reviewed for relevant studies. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO and followed the Cochrane collaboration guidelines.
Results
A total of 66 studies reported on the prevalence of ASD, screening 21,313,061 children worldwide. Among these, 25 studies were conducted in Europe, 22 in Asia, and 13 in America. Additionally, 3 studies each were reported from Africa and Australia. According to a meta-analysis, 0.77% of children globally are diagnosed with ASD, with boys comprising 1.14% of this group. Notably, Australia showed the highest prevalence rate, with an effect size of 2.18, highlighting it as a critical area for public health focus.
Conclusion
ASD represents a significant global health burden. Early detection, increased awareness among parents, and prompt intervention are crucial for mitigating developmental problems in children later in life. It is essential for health policymakers to acknowledge the prevalence and growing trends of ASD in order to implement effective interventions.

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    Sharanpreet Kaur, Paula Morales-Hidalgo, Mònica Guxens, Núria Voltas, Sami Petricola, Josefa Canals-Sans
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    Jie Luo, Wen Shao, Yuanzhen Wu, Huanhuan Huang, Gaoyang Xu, Yanjie Qi, Paul Overton, Yi Zheng, Fan He
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Rethinking mpox: epidemiology, clinical variants, diagnosis, and response
Renu Thakur, Devendra Pratap Singh Rajput, Nikunj Rajkumar Agrawal, Abhimanyu Agrawal
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(4):290-299.
Published online May 27, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0402
Rethinking mpox: epidemiology, clinical variants, diagnosis, and response
Monkeypox disease, now commonly referred to as mpox, was once considered a geographically restricted zoonotic disease but has emerged as a global public health concern. The 2022 multinational outbreak marked a turning point, with notable shifts in transmission dynamics, affected populations, and clinical manifestations. Classical cases typically involve fever, lymphadenopathy, and a centrifugal vesiculopustular rash; however, recent outbreaks have revealed atypical presentations, including genital and perianal lesions, minimal or absent prodromal symptoms, and asynchronous rash evolution. These variations have complicated early clinical recognition and may contribute to delayed diagnosis and onward transmission. This review synthesizes current evidence on the evolving epidemiology of mpox, highlights differences between endemic and non-endemic outbreaks, and describes the full spectrum of typical and atypical clinical features. It also assesses diagnostic approaches, including molecular and point-of-care techniques, and evaluates the efficacy and limitations of current and emerging vaccines, such as JYNNEOS and ACAM2000. Future priorities include improving global surveillance, refining case definitions, expanding diagnostic access, and ensuring equitable vaccine distribution. Understanding the expanding clinical and epidemiological profile of mpox is essential for timely diagnosis, containment, and preparedness against future outbreaks.
  • 3,203 View
  • 81 Download

Original Articles

Child health problems and social determinants as predictors of postpartum depression: a cross-sectional study using 2023 Indonesia Health Survey data
Objectives
This study examined the predictive role of child health problems and social determinants in postpartum depression (PPD), with the aim of supporting early screening strategies and more comprehensive maternal health policies. Methods: This cross-sectional study used secondary data from the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey, conducted by the Indonesian Ministry of Health. The analysis included 26,656 postpartum women aged at least 15 years who had given birth within the previous 24 months. PPD was assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the data. Results: Child health problems were among the strongest factors associated with PPD in Indonesia. Having had an unplanned pregnancy was associated with higher odds of PPD (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.90–5.25; p < 0.001), as was having a child with chronic illness (aOR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.01–5.26; p= 0.048). Social risk factors, including younger maternal age, divorce or separation from a partner, unemployment, and lack of social support, were also associated with PPD in Indonesia. Conclusion: Child health problems and adverse social conditions were significantly associated with postpartum mental health in Indonesia. Integrating early screening into maternal and child health services and strengthening maternal support systems may help reduce the burden of PPD.
  • 2,080 View
  • 101 Download
Burden and trends of mental disorders in Vietnam, 1990–2023: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023
Thanh Hoa Tran, Ngoc Thi Nhu Hoang
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(4):337-350.
Published online June 23, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2026.0101
Burden and trends of mental disorders in Vietnam, 1990–2023: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023
Objectives
This study evaluated the epidemiological burden and temporal trends of mental disorders in Vietnam from 1990 to 2023 and projected the future burden through 2040. Methods: Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 data were used to analyze the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), and age-standardized disability-adjusted life-year rate (ASDAR) by age, sex, and diagnostic subtype. Temporal trends were quantified using the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC), and Pearson correlation analysis examined associations with Vietnam’s human development index (HDI). Bayesian structural time series (BSTS) models were used to forecast the burden through 2040. Results: In 2023, approximately 9.1 million individuals in Vietnam had mental disorders, with 2.94 million annual incident cases and 1.41 million disability-adjusted life-years. Depressive disorders ranked highest across all metrics, and females consistently had higher agestandardized rates than males. Age-standardized rates increased significantly from 1990 to 2023: ASIR, 1.10% EAPC (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87%–1.33%); ASPR, 0.27% EAPC (95% CI, 0.21%–0.33%); and ASDAR, 0.52% EAPC (95% CI, 0.46%–0.58%). Mental disorder burden was strongly positively correlated with HDI (r =0.773–0.909, all p<0.001). BSTS models projected continued increases through 2040 (ASPR, 9,003.75; ASIR, 3,307.11; ASDAR, 1,408.05 per 100,000 population). Conclusion: Mental disorders constitute an escalating public health challenge in Vietnam, with the burden increasing steadily over 3 decades and projected to continue rising through 2040. Reorientation toward an integrated, community-based care model, alongside targeted workforce expansion and systematic integration of mental health services into primary care, is essential to mitigate this growing burden.
  • 4,602 View
  • 72 Download
Temporal dynamics, climate associations, and surveillance performance of Lassa fever in Nigeria, 2020–2025: a national longitudinal analysis
Ayokunle John Tadema, Faith Mmesoma Nwosu, Oluwatumilara Ayokunle Abimbola
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(4):310-321.
Published online June 29, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2026.0226
Temporal dynamics, climate associations, and surveillance performance of Lassa fever in Nigeria, 2020–2025: a national longitudinal analysis
Objectives
We examined national temporal trends, laboratory-confirmation performance, and climate associations in Lassa fever surveillance in Nigeria from 2020 to 2025, and assessed the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on surveillance metrics. Methods: We analyzed 307 consecutive weeks of national Lassa fever surveillance data using an ecological study design. Primary outcomes included confirmed-case counts, case fatality rate (CFR), and laboratory-confirmation rate (LCR). Temporal trends were evaluated using regression models, climate associations using correlation and negative binomial regression analyses, and the impact of COVID-19 using interrupted time-series analysis. Results: Overall, 47,029 suspected cases, 6,288 confirmed cases, and 975 deaths were reported. The mean LCR was 11.2% (standard deviation, 7.2%), declining from 18.4% in 2020 to 9.9% in 2025 (p <0.001). The overall CFR was 15.5%, with no significant downward trend over time. Confirmed cases were inversely associated with weekly rainfall (rs=−0.589, p <0.0001) and positively associated with mean temperature (rs=0.462, p<0.0001). Peak season incidence was 5.3-fold higher than that during off-peak periods. The COVID-19 lockdown period was associated with an immediate reduction in confirmed cases without a corresponding reduction in suspected cases. Conclusion: Lassa fever surveillance in Nigeria from 2020 to 2025 was characterized by a declining LCR, persistently elevated CFR, and a climate-linked seasonal pattern of increasing intensity, findings that are consistent with, but do not definitively establish, systemic underascertainment. CFR trends may partly reflect case-mix variation and detection bias. Because of the ecological study design, causal inferences cannot be drawn. These findings underscore the need for resilient, climate-informed, One Health surveillance systems.
  • 1,754 View
  • 81 Download

Review Article

Climate change and older adults: mapping health impacts and intervention strategies: a scoping review
Ponnarasu Ponnu, Manish Taywade, Sandeep Das
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(3):196-205.
Published online April 13, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0324
Climate change and older adults: mapping health impacts and intervention strategies: a scoping review
Objectives
This scoping review aimed to examine the impact of climate change on the health of older adults and to evaluate existing interventions targeting this population. Methods: The review followed Arksey and O’Malley’s framework and the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science. Eligible studies included those focusing on adults aged 60 years and older that examined the physical and mental health impacts of climate change across any geographic setting or level of care. Descriptive and thematic analyses were performed to identify key findings and knowledge gaps. Results: Climate change adversely affects the physical and mental health of older adults through increased exposure to infectious diseases, extreme temperatures, and poor air and water quality. Older adults are particularly vulnerable to heat-related illnesses, cardiovascular events, and respiratory conditions, with women and individuals with comorbidities at higher risk. Climate change is also associated with increased anxiety, insomnia, and other mental health concerns in this population. Social support and targeted interventions—such as community awareness programs and subsidized cooling costs—are associated with reduced risk. Community-based initiatives have demonstrated potential in reducing mortality and enhancing resilience among older adults during extreme weather events. Conclusion: Healthcare professionals should be educated about climate-related health outcomes affecting older adults. Protecting this vulnerable population requires urgent, inclusive, and targeted strategies, including education, improved healthcare access, and tailored interventions.
  • 2,685 View
  • 127 Download

Original Articles

Molecular and genetic characterization of Kudoa septempunctata from foodborne outbreaks in the Republic of Korea, 2016–2024: a retrospective public-health surveillance investigation
Jong-Hoon Choi, Sung-Hee Hong, Cha-Yoon Kim, Ji-Young Kwon, Ji Ye Seo, Se-Jin Jeong, Tae Yun Kim, Jung-Won Ju, Hee-Il Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(4):300-309.
Published online May 14, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0426
Molecular and genetic characterization of Kudoa septempunctata from foodborne outbreaks in the Republic of Korea, 2016–2024: a retrospective public-health surveillance investigation
Objectives
Kudoa septempunctata is a marine myxosporean parasite implicated in seafood-borne acute gastroenteritis, predominantly associated with the consumption of raw olive flounder. This study aimed to characterize the molecular and genetic features of K. septempunctata-associated with foodborne outbreaks in the Republic of Korea from 2016 to 2024. Methods: We reviewed 415 suspected foodborne outbreaks reported through national surveillance between 2016 and 2024. Among these, 37 outbreaks with complete clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory data from 2020 to 2024—including K. septempunctata testing and genotyping—were analyzed in detail. Results: Diarrhea (88.8%) and vomiting (61.2%) were the most common symptoms. The detection rate of K. septempunctata was significantly higher in specimens collected ≤24 hours after raw fish consumption (69.8%) than in those collected > 24 hours after consumption (35.9%). Outbreak occurrence was higher during warmer months (May–October) than during other periods, although this difference was not statistically significant. All sequences obtained from patient specimens belonged to sequence type 3 (ST3) of K. septempunctata. Conclusion: Since 2020, the proportion of reported outbreaks associated with Kudoa has increased, indicating its continued public health relevance. The timing of specimen collection is a key determinant of K. septempunctata detection, as diagnostic yield declines significantly when specimens are collected more than 24 hours after exposure. These findings highlight the need for standardized rapid investigation protocols and an integrated surveillance system linking clinical data with seafood supply-chain information.
  • 1,775 View
  • 67 Download
Association between ambient temperature and blood pressure in hypertensive adults in Bogor City, Indonesia: a 6-year longitudinal cohort study
Puti Sari Hidayangsih, Woro Riyadina, Ika Dharmayanti, Pandji Wibawa Dhewantara, Ning Sulistiyowati, Noor Edi Widya Sukoco, Yuda Turana
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(4):326-336.
Published online May 14, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0226
Association between ambient temperature and blood pressure in hypertensive adults in Bogor City, Indonesia: a 6-year longitudinal cohort study
Objectives
Climate variability, particularly ambient air temperature, is an emerging environmental determinant of blood pressure (BP); however, evidence from tropical lowand middle-income countries (LMICs) remains limited. We examined associations between monthly average ambient temperature with systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) among adults in Bogor City, Indonesia. Methods: This longitudinal cohort analysis used secondary data collected between 2011 and 2018 from 1,648 participants with repeated BP measurements (19 assessments over 6 years). Average ambient temperature data were matched to the month of BP measurement. Generalized estimating equations models were used to assess the association between temperature and BP after adjustment for age, sex, education, and socioeconomic status. Results: Mean ambient temperature ranged from 24.6 °C to 28.9 °C. SBP varied more than DBP and tended to increase as ambient temperature decreased. The overall main effect of temperature on BP was not statistically significant. However, several visit-specific temperature–time interactions were negative and significant, suggesting inverse patterns between lower temperatures and higher SBP or DBP. Marginal effects plots demonstrated time-varying associations, with predicted SBP and DBP differences of approximately −4 to + 3 mmHg across follow-up visits at representative temperatures. Socioeconomic status and education were associated with SBP, whereas age and female sex were associated with DBP. Conclusion: Temperature variations were associated with time-varying BP changes among adults with hypertension in Bogor City during 2011–2018. Although the main temperature effect was non-significant, temperature–time interactions suggested modest inverse patterns within clinically plausible ranges. These findings support the need for updated, multi-site studies in tropical LMIC settings.
  • 2,246 View
  • 69 Download
Barriers to treatment completion among drug-sensitive tuberculosis patients: evidence from Indonesia’s tuberculosis surveillance system
Mahalul Azam, Latifa Hanan, Muhammad Azinar, Amelia Fitra Khasanah, Arulita Ika Fibriana, Moch Yunus, Dewi Susanna, Martha Irene Kartasurya, Shabbir Syed-Abdul
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(2):145-154.
Published online March 19, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0325
Barriers to treatment completion among drug-sensitive tuberculosis patients: evidence from Indonesia’s tuberculosis surveillance system
Objectives
This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of loss to follow-up (LTFU) among tuberculosis (TB) patients in Indonesia and to identify associated factors.
Methods
This study analyzed data from the 2022 Tuberculosis Information System in Indonesia. A total of 71,665 drug-sensitive TB patients were included in the analysis. Age, sex, employment status, diagnosis type, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, diabetes mellitus, TB type, mode of treatment, treatment standard, referral status, and type of residence. Categorical variables were analyzed using chi-square tests, followed by multivariable logistic regression to identify confounder-adjusted independent predictors of LTFU.
Results
The prevalence of LTFU was 18.4%. A higher likelihood of LTFU was observed among older adults aged ≥65 years (adjusted-prevalence-odds-ratio [aPOR], 1.862), men (aPOR, 1.187), unemployed individuals (aPOR, 1.136), non-referred patients (aPOR, 1.547), patients with HIV (aPOR, 3.712), and those obtaining TB drugs out of pocket (aPOR, 4.998). The strongest predictor was receipt of non-standard treatment, which was associated with a markedly increased likelihood of LTFU (aPOR, 26.912). In contrast, rural residence demonstrated a protective association (aPOR, 0.610). All associations were statistically significant (p<0.001).
Conclusion
This study highlights a substantial burden of LTFU among TB patients in Indonesia, with nearly one in five patients discontinuing treatment. Multiple sociodemographic and clinical factors—particularly non-standard treatment, non-referral status, and HIV co-infection—were strongly associated with LTFU, underscoring gaps in the TB care continuum. These findings emphasize the need for targeted, patient-centered interventions, strengthened referral pathways, improved communication, and enhanced care coordination to reduce LTFU in high-risk groups.
  • 1,870 View
  • 125 Download
A multi-city outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis infections linked to bakery products, Republic of Korea
Da Seul Kim, Soon-Young Seo, Dong Hwi Kim, Yeon Hee Woo, Deborah Lee, Se Jeong Yang, Junyoung Kim, Eunkyung Shin, Byungsun Jung, Eunmi Lee, Min Jung Lee, Young-Joon Park
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(1):61-71.
Published online February 10, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0467
A multi-city outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis infections linked to bakery products, Republic of Korea
Objectives
In May 2025, clusters of salmonellosis were identified in 7 cities in the Republic of Korea, all associated with consumption of identical bakery products. This investigation aimed to characterize the outbreak, identify potential contributing factors, and inform strategies for preventing similar multi-facility foodborne outbreaks. Methods: A case series study was conducted among individuals who consumed Manufacturer H’s Product I and Product II on May 15–16, 2025 at 7 facilities (n= 1,235). Clinical specimens from symptomatic individuals, retained food samples, and environmental samples were collected and tested. Food-exposure histories were assessed, and active case finding was implemented across all supplied facilities. Traceback investigations were conducted at the manufacturer, distributor, and egg farms. Human and food isolates underwent pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Results: A total of 323 cases met the outbreak case definition (attack rate, 26.2%), of which 48 were laboratory-confirmed. Salmonella Enteritidis was isolated from both clinical specimens and retained bakery products. PFGE patterns were indistinguishable between human and food isolates, and WGS demonstrated high genetic relatedness. These findings confirmed a common-source outbreak linked to the implicated bakery products. Conclusion: This outbreak underscores the value of integrating epidemiological investigation, active case finding, and molecular typing to identify common food vehicles in outbreaks involving widely distributed manufactured foods. Coordinated collaboration between public health and food safety authorities is essential for the effective detection, response, and prevention of multi-facility foodborne outbreaks.

Citations

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  • Salmonella Enteritidis Outbreak at a Remote Mining Camp, Omnogovi Province, Mongolia, March 2025
    Ariungerel Dashtseren, Seonghui Cho, Chiara Achangwa, Yeongseon Ko, Bryan Inho Kim, Sukhyun Ryu, Joon Sup Yeom
    Journal of Food Protection.2026; 89(11): 100923.     CrossRef
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Prevalence, multidrug resistance, and biofilm formation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from fish mariculture environments in Cat Ba Island, Vietnam
Kim Cuc Thi Nguyen, Phuc Hung Truong, Hoa Truong Thi, Xuan Tuy Ho, Phu Van Nguyen
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(1):56-67.
Published online February 19, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0181
Prevalence, multidrug resistance, and biofilm formation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from fish mariculture environments in Cat Ba Island, Vietnam
Objectives
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a major foodborne pathogen in aquatic animals and a threat to human health worldwide. This study investigated the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), and biofilm formation of V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from fish mariculture environments in Cat Ba Island, Vietnam. Methods: In total, 150 rearing water samples were collected from 10 fish mariculture farms in winter and summer. A polymerase chain reaction assay was used to identify V. parahaemolyticus, its virulence factors, and ARGs. The antimicrobial resistance patterns and biofilm formation ability of V. parahaemolyticus strains were investigated using the disk diffusion test and a microtiter plate-based crystal violet method, respectively. Results: Thirty-seven V. parahaemolyticus isolates were recovered from 150 samples. The frequencies of the tdh and trh genes among V. parahaemolyticus isolates were 8.1% and 21.6%, respectively. More than 90% of isolates were susceptible to ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and chloramphenicol, but over 72% were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, and erythromycin. Furthermore, 67.57% of isolates exhibited multidrug resistance. The presence of ARGs related to gentamicin (aac(3)-IV), tetracycline (tetA) and ciprofloxacin (qnrA) in V. parahaemolyticus isolates was identified. Conversely, no ARGs related to ampicillin or erythromycin resistance were detected. Biofilm formation capacity was detected in significantly more multidrug-resistant isolates (64.9%) than non-multidrug-resistant isolates (18.9%). Conclusion: Mariculture environments are a potential source of antibiotic-resistant V. parahaemolyticus and a hotspot for virulence genes and ARGs diffusing to aquatic environments. Thus, the prevention of antibiotic-resistant foodborne vibriosis in aquatic animals and humans requires continuous monitoring.

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    Alex S. Borromeo, Allan M. Manaloto, Ronilo P. Antonio
    Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance.2025; 45: 125.     CrossRef
  • A New Strategy: Antibiotic Circumstances for Rational Drug use Against Clinical Aeromonas hydrophila And Bacterial Properties of This Bacteria on Different Agars
    Nurdan Filik, Fethi Filik, Ayşegül Kubilay
    Acta Aquatica Turcica.2024; 20(4): 312.     CrossRef
  • Passive immunoprophylaxis with Ccombodies against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei)
    Wanna Sirimanapong, Prawporn Thaijongrak, Chiranan Sudpraseart, Dennis Berbulla Bela-ong, Abigail Joy D. Rodelas-Angelia, Mark Rickard N. Angelia, Seungbeom Hong, Jaesung Kim, Kim D. Thompson, Tae Sung Jung
    Fish & Shellfish Immunology.2024; 154: 109973.     CrossRef
  • Isolation of H2S-generating Bacterium (Desulfovibrio sp.) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus From Aquatic Farming and In Vitro Evaluation of the Ability of Bacteriophages as Biocontrol
    Truong Thi Bich Van, Nguyen Thi Loan Anh, Nguyen Huu Tri , Chau Thanh Tuan
    Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan.2024; 17(1): 167.     CrossRef
  • 9,471 View
  • 225 Download
  • 19 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Editorial

Resilient public health in a changing world: as threats expand and prevention retreats
Jong-Koo Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(4):287-289.
Published online August 25, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2026.0615
  • 1,009 View
  • 27 Download

Review Article

Genetic diversity and multiplicity of Plasmodium spp. infections in Southeast Asia: a scoping review
Angela Pricillia Helen, Martini Martini, Bo-Young Jeon, Jin-Hee Han, Fauzi Muh
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(3):206-215.
Published online May 11, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0616
Genetic diversity and multiplicity of Plasmodium spp. infections in Southeast Asia: a scoping review
Objectives
This scoping review synthesizes molecular evidence on Plasmodium genetic diversity and multiplicity of infection (MOI) in Southeast Asia and describes variation by species and epidemiological setting. Methods: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines, we searched PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and EBSCO for English language, open-access observational studies published between January 1, 2015 until October 11, 2025. Included studies involved laboratory-confirmed human malaria and reported MOI and genetic diversity data derived from appropriate molecular genotyping methods. Findings were summarized by species, geography, markers, and clinical categories. Results: Sixteen studies were included, comprising 1,609 genotyped Plasmodium falciparum infections, 1,526 Plasmodium vivax infections, 37 Plasmodium malariae infections, and 188 human Plasmodium knowlesi infections. P. falciparum exhibited marked heterogeneity, with polyclonal infection rates ranging from 3.9% to 73.9% and mean MOI ranging from 1.05 to 4.9. P. vivax consistently showed high diversity, with polyclonal infection rates ranging from 16.9% to 71.4% and mean MOI ranging from 1.1 to 1.91, alongside expected heterozygosity values of 0.66–0.87. P. malariae displayed low MOI, whereas P. knowlesi showed polyclonal infection rates ranging from 7.3% to 21% and mean MOI ranging from 1.04 to 1.06. No data were available for Plasmodium ovale. Conclusion: P. falciparum and P. vivax remain genetically diverse across Southeast Asia, with heterogeneous transmission patterns, particularly in border regions. Limited data on P. malariae, human P. knowlesi, and P. ovale highlight the need for standardized molecular surveillance to support targeted elimination efforts.
  • 2,007 View
  • 115 Download

Original Articles

Reciprocal associations between smartphone overdependence and anxiety in adolescents: evidence from a nationally representative survey in the Republic of Korea
Objectives
Smartphone overdependence (SOD) and anxiety are major concerns in adolescent mental health; however, few studies have examined their bidirectional relationship. This study aimed to examine reciprocal associations between SOD and anxiety among adolescents. Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted with data from 50,975 adolescents in the 19th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey. SOD was measured using the SOD scale, and anxiety was assessed using the generalized anxiety disorder 7-item scale. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine reciprocal associations, adjusting for sociodemographic factors, perceived stress, loneliness, and depressive symptoms. Results: Moderate to severe anxiety was found in 12.6% of participants, and 3.3% were classified as being at high risk for SOD. In adjusted models, the model with anxiety as the outcome demonstrated higher predictive performance (concordance rate, 86.5%) than the model with SOD as the outcome (77.3%). Adolescents at high risk for SOD had higher odds of reporting anxiety, and those with severe anxiety had higher odds of being classified as at high risk for SOD. Stress, loneliness, and smartphone use time were also identified as significant predictors. Conclusion: SOD and anxiety were strongly associated with each other among adolescents. Integrated approaches addressing both digital behavior and mental health may help inform strategies to reduce psychological distress. Public health strategies may benefit from considering both aspects when screening for problematic smartphone use and anxiety.
  • 2,261 View
  • 88 Download
Association between lifestyle inflammation score and quality of life according to depressive symptom status: a cross-sectional study in the Republic of Korea
Objectives
This study examined the association between lifestyle inflammation score (LIS) and health-related quality of life, assessed using the EuroQol-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) index, among adults in the Republic of Korea. It also evaluated whether depressive symptoms moderated this association. Methods: Data from the 2024 Community Health Survey were analyzed, and 231,386 adults were included. LIS was calculated by integrating smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and body mass index. The dependent variable, quality of life, was assessed using the EQ-5D index. Depressive symptoms, the moderator variable, were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, with a score of ≥10 indicating depressive symptoms. Data were analyzed using complex-sample multivariable linear regression to examine interaction effects according to depressive symptom status, followed by simple-slope analyses. Results: After adjustment for demographic and health-related variables, LIS was significantly and negatively associated with the EQ-5D index (β= –0.0069, p< 0.001), indicating that higher levels of inflammation-related lifestyle behaviors were associated with poorer quality of life. Depressive symptoms significantly moderated the association between LIS and the EQ5D index (β= –0.01727, p< 0.001). Simple-slope analyses showed that the adverse association between LIS and quality of life was stronger among individuals with depressive symptoms (β= –0.02349) than among those without depressive symptoms (β= –0.00621). Conclusion: Inflammation-related lifestyle behaviors were associated with reduced quality of life, and this negative association was stronger among individuals with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that considering both lifestyle-related inflammatory burden and depressive symptoms may help explain population-level differences in quality of life.
  • 2,079 View
  • 37 Download
Modeling social and behavioral factors associated with community participation in community-based surveillance of communicable diseases: a cross-sectional study in Kelantan, Malaysia
Ahmed Azeez Hasan, Anis Kausar Ghazali, Norsa’adah Bachok, Najib Majdi Yaacob, Suhaily Mohd Hairon, Nur Amira Mohd Nadir, Fatimah Muhd Shukri
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(3):229-241.
Published online May 11, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0447
Modeling social and behavioral factors associated with community participation in community-based surveillance of communicable diseases: a cross-sectional study in Kelantan, Malaysia
Objectives
This study examined the social and behavioral factors influencing community leaders’ participation in community-based surveillance (CBS) of infectious diseases. We hypothesized that knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions significantly predict the behavioral likelihood of engaging in CBS activities. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 470 schoolteachers in Kelantan, Malaysia, from March to June 2024. Participants were selected using multistage sampling, with random selection of schools followed by convenience sampling of teachers. Data were collected using the validated KAP-CBS-ID questionnaire, which was based on the Theory of Reasoned Action and Health Belief Model. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze relationships among the study variables with the maximum likelihood robust estimator. Results: The final model demonstrated good fit (comparative fit index, 0.921; standardized root mean square residual, 0.071; root mean square error of approximation, 0.040 [90% confidence interval, 0.036–0.044]). Ten significant path relationships were identified, explaining 46.1% of the variance in behavioral likelihood. Knowledge of infectious diseases (β=0.419, p<0.001), subjective norms (β=0.235, p=0.038), and negative attitudes (β=–0.432, p<0.001) significantly influenced intention. Behavioral likelihood was directly predicted by intention (β =0.347, p<0.001), perceived susceptibility (β=0.310, p<0.001), perceived benefits (β=0.198, p=0.001), and perceived barriers (β=–0.132, p=0.008). Self-efficacy showed significant indirect effects through perceived benefits (β=0.785, p<0.001) and perceived susceptibility (β=0.765, p<0.001). Conclusion: Knowledge and psychosocial factors significantly inf luence community engagement in CBS of infectious diseases. Public health interventions should address these interconnected determinants to strengthen early disease detection and reporting systems.
  • 1,425 View
  • 71 Download

Perspective

Dengue vaccine: a hidden risk to Aedes aegypti control in Brazil
Halison Correia Golias
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(4):322-325.
Published online June 23, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0544
  • 1,431 View
  • 41 Download

Original Articles

The impact of digital literacy on older adults’ self-rated health, depression, and life satisfaction: a cross-sectional study using 2023 National Survey of Older Koreans
Objectives
This study examined the associations between digital literacy and self-rated health (SRH), depression, and life satisfaction among older adults in the Republic of Korea.
Methods
Data were obtained from the 2023 National Survey of Older Koreans (n=9,951). Digital literacy was evaluated based on participants’ ability to use 8 smartphone functions and their perceived difficulty adapting to a digital society. Dependent variables included SRH, depression (measured using the short form of Geriatric Depression Scale), and life satisfaction (assessed through a composite score across 7 domains). Multiple logistic regression was applied for SRH and depression, while linear regression was conducted for life satisfaction, adjusting for sociodemographic and health-related covariates.
Results
Higher digital literacy was significantly associated with better SRH and greater life satisfaction. Compared to participants with no digital skills, those with moderate or high digital literacy had higher odds of reporting good SRH and significantly higher life satisfaction scores. Older adults who reported difficulty adapting to a digital society demonstrated significantly lower SRH and life satisfaction. However, after adjusting for covariates, the association between digital literacy and depression was not statistically significant.
Conclusion
Higher digital literacy is linked to better SRH and greater life satisfaction. Moreover, digital literacy reduced the explanatory power of socioeconomic variables, suggesting that it serves as an important behavioral determinant. These findings underscore the importance of promoting digital literacy as a means of improving health equity and well-being in aging populations.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • The Effect of Digital Literacy on Depression Among Older Adults With Chronic Diseases: The Moderating Role of Self-Rated Health
    Hyein Seo, Subin Yu
    The International Journal of Aging and Human Devel.2026; 103(4): 480.     CrossRef
  • Digital device use and disparities in health literacy among older adults
    Heeran Chun, Cheong-Seok Kim, Il-Ho Kim
    Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2026; 43(2): 87.     CrossRef
  • Impact of an Interaction-Oriented, Information and Communication Technology-Based Community Care Service on Nutritional Status and Dietary Behavior of Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Quasi-Experimental Study
    Seojin Yun, Seulgi Lee, Eun Young Lee, Kirang Kim
    Preventive Nutrition and Food Science.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Predicting longitudinal depressive symptom trajectories among older Chinese adults with chronic health conditions: An interpretable machine learning study
    Zhan Yu, Anao Zhang, Kaipeng Wang, Qiuling An, Meiyan Chen, Yuting Wang, Zeqiang Wang
    International Psychogeriatrics.2026; : 100270.     CrossRef
  • Sustaining Social Connection in a Super-Aged Society: Changes in the Association Between Social Ties and Life Satisfaction Among Korean Older Adults, 2011–2023
    Seonmi Choi, Junghyun Kim
    Sustainability.2026; 18(18): 9449.     CrossRef
  • Digital Ageism and Ageism Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults and the Mediating Role of Expectations Regarding Aging: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Gahye Kim, Aeri Jung
    Research in Community and Public Health Nursing.2026; 37: 403.     CrossRef
  • Disaggregating Digital Competence: Social Activity Participation and Depressive Symptoms Among Korean Older Adults
    Young-Mi Jung, NakHyeok Choi
    Behavioral Sciences.2026; 16(10): 1742.     CrossRef
  • The impact of digitalisation on the development of physical activity of older people (through the example of European Union countries)
    Zhaxat Kenzhin, Tursynzada Kuangaliyeva, Assem Aitkaliyeva, Yerbol Myrzabossynov, Aigerim Zhunussova, Odiljon Dadabayev
    Frontiers in Public Health.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 3,977 View
  • 172 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Factors associated with malaria infection in under-5 children in Papua Province, Indonesia: an observational study
Betty Roosihermiatie, Gurendro Putro, Arga Setyo Adji, Windy Tri Yuana, Selma Arsit Selto Siahaan, Rukmini Rukmini, Rustika Rustika
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(6):508-520.
Published online November 28, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0152
Factors associated with malaria infection in under-5 children in Papua Province, Indonesia: an observational study
Objectives
Malaria remains a serious public health challenge in tropical and subtropical regions, including Indonesia. Children under 5 years old face particular risk of contracting malaria due to low immunity. We examined potential factors associated with malaria infection among under-5 children in Papua Province, Indonesia.
Methods
The study utilized secondary data from Indonesia Basic Health Research 2018. Multistage random sampling was employed, from the province level to census blocks (CBs). In Papua Province, interviews were conducted in 928 CBs. All 2,745 under-5 children were selected. The dependent variable was laboratory-confirmed malaria positivity; independent factors included residential area, socioeconomic characteristics, and behaviors such as sleeping under an insecticide net impregnated ≤3 years ago and the use of ventilation barriers. We also examined the conditions of the bedroom, kitchen, and living room according to the frequency of window-opening, proportion of ventilation area to the floor, and radiance.
Results
Not sleeping under an insecticide net impregnated within the last 3 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.518; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.391–0.685; p<0.001); having a kitchen without windows (aOR, 0.491; 95% CI, 0.285–0.844; p=0.01); rarely opening the living room window (aOR, 2.804; 95% CI, 1.232–6.383; p=0.01), and having a windowless living room (aOR, 3.027; 95% CI, 1.369–6.696; p=0.01) displayed significant relationships with malaria infection among under-5 children.
Conclusion
Not using an insecticide-treated net impregnated ≤3 years ago, along with opening the living room window daily and having a kitchen without windows, appear preventive of malaria infection among under-5 children.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Associations of temperature and precipitation with malaria in children under 5: A multi-country study in Sub-Saharan Africa
    Suleiman Chombo, Jovine Bachwenkizi, Huda Omary, Heavenlight A. Paulo, Pankras Luoga, Abdallah Zacharia, Jackline Vicent Mbishi, John D. Andrew, Isaac Y. Addo, Luzia H Carvalho
    PLOS One.2025; 20(10): e0335031.     CrossRef
  • Epidemiology of Plasmodium spp. Detection Among Acute Febrile Illness Patients in Two Regions of Nigeria
    Claire A Quiner, Adamu Zigwai Ephraim, Vivian Kwaghe, Cyril Erameh, Jay Samuels, Lauren P Courtney, Jean H Kim, Osahogie Isaac Edeawe, Nankpah Vongdip, Onyia Justus Ejike, Ikponmwosa Odia, Kat Asman, Philippe Chebu, Jacqueline Agbukor, Oladimeji Damilare
    Clinical Infectious Diseases.2025; 81(Supplement): S168.     CrossRef
  • 5,343 View
  • 303 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Review Article

Collaborative networks, trends, and comparative analysis of artificial intelligence techniques in healthcare research: a narrative review
Objectives
Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping healthcare by improving diagnosis and treatment planning, increasing operational efficiency, and streamlining administrative workflows. This paper integrates findings from an extensive PubMed search (2015–2025) with bibliometric analysis using RStudio and VOSviewer to investigate the comparative applications of AI methods in healthcare, collaborative networks, and emerging trends.
Methods
A total of 1,243 records were identified through the PubMed search, and after removal of 143 duplicates, 1,100 records were screened. Following full-text assessment and exclusion of ineligible studies, 986 articles were included in the final bibliometric analysis.
Results
The main research areas included robotic-assisted surgery, predictive analytics, diagnostic imaging, and precision medicine, with particular emphasis on the prevalence of machine learning and deep learning in imaging and the increasing application of natural language processing to unstructured medical information.
Conclusion
The review emphasizes the need for greater budgetary allocation to scalable and pragmatic AI technologies and for interdisciplinary cooperation among researchers, industry, and healthcare providers. Despite this growth, challenges such as algorithmic bias, data integration, and ethical concerns persist. The paper also highlights the importance of equitable collaboration, accountable AI, and multinational partnerships in ensuring that AI can be used ethically and efficiently in healthcare over the long term to improve patient care and biomedical innovation. It does so by mapping international and regional trends, identifying the most influential authors, institutions, and funding sources, and evaluating methodological approaches.
  • 5,518 View
  • 71 Download

Original Article

Time-series decomposition and modeling of dengue cases in Malaysia, 2022–2024: a nationwide observational study
Mohamad Afiq Amsyar Hamedin, Kamarul Imran Musa, Mohd Rahim Sulong
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(1):50-60.
Published online January 27, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0397
Time-series decomposition and modeling of dengue cases in Malaysia, 2022–2024: a nationwide observational study
Objectives
This study aimed to examine the temporal dynamics of dengue cases in Malaysia from 2022 to 2024 using seasonal-trend decomposition and time-series modeling. Methods: Weekly dengue case counts from the national registry were analyzed across all states using seasonal-trend decomposition using LOESS (STL) to separate trend, seasonal, and irregular components. Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and seasonal ARIMA (SARIMA) models were fitted to validate temporal structures, with model selection based on the Akaike information criterion (AIC), corrected AIC, and Bayesian information criterion. Diagnostic checks, including residual analysis and Ljung-Box testing, were performed to ensure model adequacy. Results: Dengue incidence showed marked heterogeneity across states. STL decomposition indicated that long-term trends contributed more strongly to case dynamics than seasonality in most states, although seasonal influences were significant in the states of Kedah and Kelantan. Seasonal peak timing varied between states, highlighting differences in epidemic cycles. ARIMA and SARIMA modeling confirmed that no single temporal structure could adequately represent all states; while some series were well fitted by simple ARIMA models, others required seasonal adjustments. Residual diagnostics demonstrated that the selected models were statistically adequate. Conclusion: Dengue dynamics in Malaysia are shaped by both trend and seasonal components, with considerable variation across states. Combining STL decomposition with ARIMA/SARIMA modeling strengthens the evidence base for state-specific forecasting and proactive vector control. Tailoring surveillance systems and interventions to local temporal patterns
  • 2,536 View
  • 156 Download

Brief Report

Hepatitis virus seroconversion among patients on maintenance hemodialysis in North India: a prospective cohort study
Pooja Yadav, Arpita Panda, Shilpee Kumar, Rajesh Kumar, Deepthi Nair
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(2):182-187.
Published online April 7, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0508
Hepatitis virus seroconversion among patients on maintenance hemodialysis in North India: a prospective cohort study
Objectives
Patients receiving hemodialysis (HD) are at increased risk of acquiring hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) due to repeated blood exposure, vascular access procedures, and blood transfusions. The study aimed to determine the seroconversion rates of HBV and HCV among patients undergoing dialysis and to identify associated risk factors.
Methods
A total of 220 adult patients receiving dialysis who were seronegative for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV antibodies at baseline were enrolled. Serologic testing was repeated at 6 months.
Results
Sixteen patients (7.3%) seroconverted to HBsAg positivity, and 23 (10.5%) seroconverted to anti-HCV positivity. HBV seroconversion was significantly associated with multiple dialysis center visits. HCV seroconversion was significantly associated with dialyzer reuse, multiple dialysis center visits, and dialysis duration ≥2 years. Elevated liver enzyme levels were strongly correlated with seroconversion for both viruses.
Conclusion
HBV and HCV seroconversion remain concerns in HD units. Standardized infection control practices, minimization of patient transfers, and strict adherence to national guidelines are essential to reducing risk.
  • 2,173 View
  • 53 Download

Review Article

Evidence for a perinatal origin of childhood obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of risk and protective factors
Andi Rispah Sulistianingsih, Nurjazuli Nurjazuli, Martha Irene Kartasurya, Syamsulhuda Budi Musthofa, Jauhari Oka Reuwpassa
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(2):114-135.
Published online March 27, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0351
Evidence for a perinatal origin of childhood obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of risk and protective factors
Objectives
This systematic review aimed to identify perinatal risk factors associated with obesity in children aged ≤5 years.
Methods
This studyfollowed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Medline (via PubMed), Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched from inception, without language or date restrictions. In addition, gray literature sources, including LILACS and CNKI, were screened for comprehensive evidence synthesis. Meta-analyses were conducted to estimate pooled risk ratios. Study quality was independently assessed by 2 reviewers using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool.
Results
A total of 24,643 articles were screened, and 39 cohort studies were included in the final analysis. Sample sizes ranged from 169 to 333,353 participants. Meta-analysis results indicated that high gestational weight gain (adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17–1.82), history of cesarean section (aRR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.17–1.33), macrosomia (aRR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.55–2.27), antibiotic use (aRR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.14–1.51), pre-pregnancy obesity (aRR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.21–2.73), and female sex (aRR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.32–1.61) were associated with an increased risk of obesity in children aged ≤5 years. Exclusive breastfeeding (aRR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.64–0.85) was identified as a protective factor..
Conclusion
Perinatal factors and pre-pregnancy obesity played important roles in increasing the risk of obesity in children aged ≤5 years. Breastfeeding was associated with a protective effect against childhood obesity. Therefore, obesity prevention efforts should begin during pregnancy, and maintaining appropriate maternal weight before conception is equally essential.

Citations

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  • Multi-class urinary antibiotic exposure, dietary sources, and childhood overweight and obesity risk through lipid metabolic disruption: evidence from multicenter cohorts in China
    Xinli Song, Jieyu Liu, Li Chen, Yi Zhang, Ruolin Wang, Jianuo Jiang, Lan Zhang, Yanle Xiong, Jingyang Su, Ziqi Dong, Yang Qin, Dengcheng Zhang, Zhenting Lu, Zhiying Song, Jinghong Liang, Jun Ma, Yanhui Dong
    Environmental Pollution.2026; 408: 128907.     CrossRef
  • 2,706 View
  • 104 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Original Article

Metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities as predictors of severe dengue in Vietnamese adults: a retrospective study, 2022–2024
Thang Nhu Doan, Duc Minh Cap
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(2):136-144.
Published online March 19, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0316
Metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities as predictors of severe dengue in Vietnamese adults: a retrospective study, 2022–2024
Objectives
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of severe dengue and examine the associations between pre-existing comorbidities and disease severity.
Methods
This retrospective study examined patients with dengue fever who received inpatient treatment at a hospital in northern Vietnam between January 1, 2022, and December 30, 2024. Patients were categorized into 2 groups—severe dengue and non-severe dengue—based on the 2009 World Health Organization criteria. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess factors associated with severe dengue.
Results
Among 3,692 patients, the prevalence of severe dengue was 1.5%. Patients with any pre-existing comorbidity had higher odds of severe dengue compared to those without comorbidities (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20–3.53). Having 2 or more comorbidities was also associated with higher odds of severe dengue (aOR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.18–4.33). Among individual conditions, hyperlipidemia was associated with severe dengue (aOR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.17–4.81). Certain combinations of comorbidities, including hypertension with hyperlipidemia (aOR, 2.88; 95% CI, 1.39–5.97), hypertension with cardiac disease (aOR, 4.39; 95% CI, 1.30–14.79), and hyperlipidemia with cardiac disease (aOR, 4.02; 95% CI, 1.19–13.53), were also associated with higher odds of severe dengue.
Conclusion
Pre-existing comorbidities, particularly cardiometabolic conditions, were associated with higher odds of severe dengue. Considering comorbidity profiles at hospital admission may help identify patients who require closer clinical monitoring.
  • 2,639 View
  • 96 Download

Commentary

Early circulation of influenza A(H3N2) subclade K: antigenic drift and vaccine effectiveness
Mehreen Naz, Shah Fahad Khan Jogezai, Garzeen Ghaffar
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(4):371-372.
Published online May 14, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0594
  • 1,785 View
  • 42 Download

Review Article

Applying biotechnology to overcome cancer drug resistance and improve public health outcomes
Franklin Akwasi Adjei, Bernard Kwame Frempong, Augustine Afriyie
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(1):4-16.
Published online February 4, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0336
Applying biotechnology to overcome cancer drug resistance and improve public health outcomes
This review examines how biotechnology advances (CRISPR/Cas9, next-generation targeted therapies, nanotechnology-based drug delivery, and immunotherapies) can be applied to address cancer drug resistance worldwide. It also considers the economic burden of resistance, inequities in access to biotechnology solutions, and ethical concerns surrounding rapid innovation, particularly in low-resource settings. A narrative review synthesized evidence from basic science studies, clinical trials, translational research, and policy analyses. Evidence was prioritized for 2015–2025 publications. The synthesis highlights resistance biology and evaluates how precision medicine, biomarker-guided treatment, and high-throughput drug screening can inform individualized regimens and rational combinations. Breakthroughs in gene editing, targeted inhibitors, nanocarriers, and immune engineering can counter key resistance mechanisms, including resistance-conferring mutations, altered drug transport, immune evasion, and tumor microenvironment–mediated protection. Despite progress, implementation barriers remain substantial: high drug and development costs, limited molecular diagnostics and manufacturing capacity, and regulatory and governance challenges that can delay adoption and widen disparities, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Integrating biotechnology innovations within precision medicine frameworks may improve treatment selection and patient outcomes. Maximizing public health impact requires affordability and financing strategies, robust ethical oversight, timely regulatory pathways, and coordinated global collaboration to ensure access to effective therapies across health systems worldwide.
  • 3,316 View
  • 108 Download

Original Articles

The first report of antibiotic resistance and virulence factor profiles in multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from Pontianak, Indonesia
Mardhia Mardhia, Delima Fajar Liana, Mahyarudin Mahyarudin, Hariyanto Ih
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(2):160-168.
Published online April 4, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0242
The first report of antibiotic resistance and virulence factor profiles in multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from Pontianak, Indonesia
Objectives
Klebsiella pneumoniae is known as one of the most common causes of hospitalacquired infections. Its prevalence poses substantial challenges to both hospital and public health systems, particularly due to the rise of multidrug‐resistant strains. Understanding the epidemiology and resistance properties of K. pneumoniae can inform antimicrobial stewardship and infection control programs. A cross-sectional study was employed from November 2021 to November 2023. Methods: A total of 24 isolates underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the disk diffusion method, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production test, and molecular gene detection. Results: The study found that 95.8% of clinical isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant. All isolates were resistant to ampicillin (100%). A high percentage of isolates were resistant to cefazolin (91.7%), ceftriaxone (87.5%), cefotaxime (87.5%), cefepime (87.5%), ciprofloxacin (83.3%), and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (83.3%). Of the 24 isolates, 87.5% harbored ESBL genes, while the frequencies for GES, NDM, SIM, and OXA-48 were 16.7%, 20.8%, 8.3%, and 41.7%, respectively. Notably, the OXA-23 and OXA-51 genes, which are typically associated with Acinetobacter baumannii, were detected in 16.7% and 20.8% of isolates, respectively. Moreover, the prevalence of virulence genes rmpA, acrAB, and tolC was 0%, 95.8%, and 87.5%, respectively. Conclusion: This study demonstrated a high level of antibiotic resistance and a significant presence of virulence genes among K. pneumoniae isolates. Consequently, these findings represent a critical public health issue that requires heightened awareness among all stakeholders, including health workers.

Citations

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  • Computational Modeling of a Novel CTX-M β-Lactamase Escherichia coli Isolated from Yogyakarta, Indonesia Using I-TASSER
    Anggiresti Kinasih, Endah Retnaningrum
    Indonesian Journal of Medical Laboratory Science a.2026; 8(1): 51.     CrossRef
  • Genetic profiling of the tolC component of the acrAB-TolC efflux pump in clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates: a cross-sectional study in Pontianak, Indonesia
    Mardhia Mardhia, Delima Fajar Liana, Sari Eka Pratiwi, Mahyarudin Mahyarudin, Risa Agustina
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2026; 17(3): 254.     CrossRef
  • 4,043 View
  • 140 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
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Secondary transmission of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in a hospital setting in Republic of Korea: a retrospective observational study of personal protective equipment use and infection risk factors
Objectives
This study investigated a cluster of secondary human-to-human transmission of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in a hospital setting, focusing on infection risk factors and the role of personal protective equipment (PPE).
Methods
A descriptive epidemiological investigation was conducted following the death of an index patient with laboratory-confirmed SFTS. A total of 27 close contacts, including healthcare workers and a funeral director, were monitored for symptoms. Suspected cases underwent real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testing. Clinical features, PPE use, and exposure histories were analyzed. The Fisher exact test was used to assess associations between PPE use and infection. Viral genotyping and sequence analyses were performed to evaluate transmission routes.
Results
The index patient deteriorated rapidly and died after repeated cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), during which 8 secondary cases occurred. Most infections were identified among individuals involved in CPR or postmortem care without adequate PPE. Although not statistically significant, infection rates were higher among those who did not wear masks or who used low-filtration masks. Proper use of gloves, gowns, and goggles was associated with lower infection rates. Cycle threshold values in secondary cases (range, 34–39) were higher than in the index case (14.07), suggesting lower viral loads. Sequence analysis demonstrated 99.6%–100% homology between the index and secondary cases; all isolates were genotype B, indicating direct transmission.
Conclusion
This study provides molecular and epidemiological evidence of nosocomial SFTS transmission. Inadequate PPE use during aerosol-generating procedures likely facilitated infection, underscoring the importance of strict adherence to PPE protocols and reinforced infection control practices.

Citations

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  • Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome complicated by invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and septic shock: a case report highlighting the role of mNGS
    Bolin Wang, Mingyue Zhao, Qingfeng Chen, Feihu Zhang, Mingzhi Fan, Xinbao Lian
    Frontiers in Medicine.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 2,321 View
  • 73 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • Crossref
The level of household food insecurity is associated with the risk of infectious diseases among toddlers in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study
Siti Masitoh, Tri Wurisastuti, Woro Riyadina, Sudarto Ronoatmodjo
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(3):261-269.
Published online June 4, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0009
The level of household food insecurity is associated with the risk of infectious diseases among toddlers in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study
Objectives
This study investigated the correlation between food insecurity and infectious diseases among toddlers in Indonesia.
Methods
This research employed a cross-sectional study design using data from the 2021 Indonesian Nutrition Status Survey, which included a sample of 84,115 toddlers. Food insecurity levels were assessed using the food insecurity experience scale, developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization. The dependent variable, infectious disease, was defined as a toddler experiencing 1 or more of the following conditions: acute respiratory infections, diarrhea, pneumonia, measles, or worms. Multivariate analysis was conducted using multiple logistic regression to determine adjusted odds ratios (ORs).
Results
The findings indicate that 23.78% of toddlers experienced at least 1 infectious disease. While more than half of the respondents were food secure, 26.5% faced mild food insecurity, 13.6% moderate food insecurity, and 6.5% severe food insecurity. Toddlers from households experiencing mild, moderate, and severe food insecurity had higher risks of infectious diseases compared to those from food-secure households, with adjusted ORs of 1.367 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.308–1.428), 1.490 (95% CI, 1.399–1.588), and 1.500 (95% CI, 1.374–1.638), respectively.
Conclusion
In conclusion, more severe food insecurity is correlated with an increased risk of toddlers suffering infectious diseases.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • From pantry to physiology: A narrative review linking food insecurity to biological dysfunction
    Liahm Blank, Joshua Khorsandi, Nicole Kang, Kaloyan Momchilov, Itai Blank, Kavita Batra
    Dialogues in Health.2026; 8: 100308.     CrossRef
  • Structural Equation Modelling of Socioeconomic Status on Malnutrition Among Urban Preschoolers: Multi-Group Analysis of Hungary and Indonesia
    Arie Dwi Alristina, Éva Kovács, Diyah Arini, Helga Judit Feith
    International Journal of Environmental Research an.2026; 23(7): 858.     CrossRef
  • Implementasi Gerakan Kebun Gizi Keluarga (GK2) Sebagai Upaya Ketahanan Pangan dan Gizi Keluarga di Desa Gading Watu, Kabupaten Gresik
    Noveansyah Maskur Nurgah, Dhuha Nuri Samsiyah, Shafa Dwi Candra Syahputra, Aisyah Rahmah Maulidiyah , Rambu Breathy Salwasty Ananda Tamu Rambu, Intan Adinda Putri, Nabil Habib Abdillah, Devita Astrid Renata, Nurul I.A. Cahyo Wibowo, Muchammad Bachrul Ulu
    Journal of Community Development.2026; 7(2): 1.     CrossRef
  • Prematurity and Low Birth Weight Among Food-Secure and Food-Insecure Households: A Comparative Study in Surabaya, Indonesia
    Arie Alristina, Nour Mahrouseh, Anggi Irawan, Rizky Laili, Alexandra Zimonyi-Bakó, Helga Feith
    Nutrients.2025; 17(15): 2479.     CrossRef
  • 6,919 View
  • 143 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Editorial

  • 966 View
  • 34 Download

Review Article

Personalized medicine as a novel therapeutic approach for autoimmune diseases: new insights and future prospects
Mahdi Nasiri-Ghiri, Yaghoob Foolad, Shirin Mahmoodi, Abdolmajid Ghasemian
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(3):216-228.
Published online May 11, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0430
Personalized medicine as a novel therapeutic approach for autoimmune diseases: new insights and future prospects
Autoimmune diseases are caused by dysfunction of the immune system, leading to inappropriate attacks on healthy tissues. Because patients have diverse genetic predispositions and heterogeneous responses to therapy, personalized medicine (PM) offers an opportunity to improve treatment effectiveness. PM uses diagnostic assessments to tailor treatment through individualized medical interventions. PM may improve therapeutic precision beyond traditional trial-and-error approaches, reduce adverse consequences, and improve outcomes by integrating genomic and transcriptomic data. PM considers genetic and molecular landscapes, immunologic factors, epigenetic influences, and environmental exposures to assess treatment response. However, challenges remain related to diagnostic access, the slow pace of biomarker identification, technological limitations, sustained patient engagement, data management, and computational requirements. Nevertheless, continued efforts to improve understanding of disease pathophysiology, gene expression, and immune regulation—together with the application of novel technologies and machine learning—may advance PM-based therapies. Additional opportunities include drug–target modeling and exploratory singlecell–based approaches to clarify patient-specific therapeutic mechanisms. This review briefly introduces the potential of PM for type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis.
  • 1,928 View
  • 58 Download

Original Articles

Factor structure and measurement invariance of the EuroQol 5-dimensional questionnaire: a secondary analysis of the Korea Health Panel survey
Objectives
This study evaluated the EuroQol 5-dimensional questionnaire, 3-level version (EQ5D-3L), using Korea Health Panel (KHP) data by examining its factor structure, measurement invariance across gender and age groups, and longitudinal measurement invariance. Methods: Panel 1 data from the second survey year (2009), when the EQ-5D-3L was first introduced in the KHP, through the 12th year (2017) were analyzed, along with panel 2 data from 2019 to 2021. Confirmatory factor analysis and measurement invariance tests by gender and age groups were conducted within each period. Longitudinal measurement invariance was also evaluated for each period. Results: A 1-factor model demonstrated good fit for the EQ-5D-3L. In panel 1, full measurement invariance across gender and age groups was supported. In panel 2, partial invariance was achieved after relaxing constraints on item 5. Longitudinal measurement invariance was supported over 5- and 10-year intervals in panel 1 and over a 3-year interval in panel 2, indicating temporal stability of the measurement model. Conclusion: The EQ-5D-3L used in the KHP panel 1 and panel 2 datasets demonstrates a stable 1-factor structure and acceptable measurement invariance across key subgroups and over time. These findings support the use of the EQ-5D-3L as an appropriate instrument for assessing health-related quality of life among Korean adults and for longitudinal analyses within large-scale panel surveys.
  • 1,358 View
  • 37 Download
Correlates and co-occurrence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases among adolescents in schools in Karnataka, India: a cross-sectional study
Tejaswini Bangalore Darukaradhya, Krishnamurthy Jayanna, Shivaraj Nallur Somanna, Sony Sequeira, Shalini Chandrashekar Nooyi
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(1):83-93.
Published online February 10, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0204
Correlates and co-occurrence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases among adolescents in schools in Karnataka, India: a cross-sectional study
Objectives
Non-communicable disease (NCD) risk among adolescents represents a growing concern due to modifiable, lifestyle-related behavioral risk factors. Early identification and control of these factors are essential for prevention. This study assessed the correlates and cooccurrence of NCD-related lifestyle risk factors among school-going adolescents in Karnataka, India, aiming to inform intervention development. Methods: Screening was conducted among 1,100 school adolescents aged 13–16 years from 8 randomly selected urban and rural schools in Karnataka. Data were collected using a validated self-administered questionnaire covering sociodemographic characteristics and social cognitive theory predictors of lifestyle practices. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression were employed. Results: Of the 1,100 adolescents surveyed, 552 and 548 were from urban and rural areas, respectively. Both groups reported high rates of insufficient fruit and vegetable (FV) intake (96.7% and 67.7%, respectively), inadequate physical activity (96.7% and 68.6%), tobacco use (5.6% and 11.5%), and alcohol consumption (5.6% and 10.8%). On logistic regression, urban adolescents were significantly more likely than rural peers to exhibit multiple behavioral risk factors, with 19-fold higher odds of having ≥1 factor (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 19.04; p< 0.001) and 4-fold higher odds of having ≥2 (AOR, 4.06; p < 0.001). Parental (particularly maternal) education was associated with NCD risk (AOR, 1.82; p= 0.001). Physical inactivity significantly co-occurred with low FV intake (71.7%) and junk food consumption (72.8%). Conclusion: Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors among adolescents displayed significant cooccurrence, underscoring the critical need for comprehensive, theory-based school interventions to address multiple interconnected risk factors and mitigate the burden of NCDs.
  • 1,993 View
  • 107 Download
Effectiveness of a brain exercise program using game-based cognitive enhancement to reduce mild cognitive impairment among older adults in Pathum Thani Province, Thailand: a quasi-experimental study
Panida Kunrit, Phannathat Tanthanapanyakorn, Nonlapan Khantikulanon, Sootthikarn Mungkhunthod, Chaninan Praserttai, Sasipa Rungrungrueang, Wanwisa Phonmamuang
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(1):59-71.
Published online February 17, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0267
Effectiveness of a brain exercise program using game-based cognitive enhancement to reduce mild cognitive impairment among older adults in Pathum Thani Province, Thailand: a quasi-experimental study
Objectives
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is prevalent among older adults and may progress to dementia. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a game-based brain exercise program in reducing MCI among older adults.
Methods
A quasi-experimental study was conducted with 2 groups of older participants in Pathum Thani Province, Thailand. A total of 96 individuals with Thai mental state examination (TMSE) scores between 12 to 23, indicating MCI but no dementia diagnosis, were recruited. Using multi-stage sampling, participants were divided into an intervention group (n=48) and a control group (n=48). The intervention group participated in a 6-week game-based brain exercise program, while the control group received a self-administered brain exercise manual. Face-to-face interviews assessed outcomes at baseline, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and repeated-measures analysis of variance.
Results
Significant differences were observed in mean TMSE scores and MCI knowledge between the intervention and control groups at the 3-month follow-up (p<0.001). The intervention group showed significant increases in TMSE scores and MCI knowledge post-intervention and at 3-month follow-up (p<0.001).
Conclusion
The findings suggest that a game-based brain exercise program can improve cognitive function in older adults. Healthcare professionals can implement such programs to reduce MCI by addressing planning, management, and related issues in the future.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • The Effect of Combined Physical Activity and Cognitive Training on Quality of Life in Older Adults
    Marwa Sobhy Abd EL Naby Amer, Eman Shokry Abd Allah, Samia Farouk Mahmoud
    Cuestiones de Fisioterapia.2024; 53(02): 3997.     CrossRef
  • 9,435 View
  • 433 Download
  • Crossref
Epidemiological trends and regional risk factors for scrub typhus in Busan, Republic of Korea: 2019–2023
Keoungsuk Kim, Hyeokjin Lee, Seungah Park, Gey Ok Lee, Sang-Eun Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(3):242-253.
Published online May 11, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2026.0085
Epidemiological trends and regional risk factors for scrub typhus in Busan, Republic of Korea: 2019–2023
Objectives
Scrub typhus, an acute disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi and transmitted by larval chigger mites, is a representative autumn febrile illness in the Republic of Korea. We examined epidemiological characteristics underlying spatial heterogeneity in Busan Metropolitan City to inform region-specific prevention and control policies. Methods: We analyzed 1,645 confirmed and suspected scrub typhus cases reported in Busan from 2019 to 2023. Crude incidence rates and age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) per 100,000 population were calculated using the 2021 mid-year population. The chi-square test assessed associations between disease occurrence and exposure activities within the preceding 30 days. Correlation analyses examined the relationships of ASIR with environmental indicators, including per capita urban forest area, and epidemiological indicators, including prior infectious disease education. Results: The overall mean ASIR in Busan was 8.35 per 100,000 population, below the national average. However, incidence was higher in peri-urban districts, including Gijang-gun (26.12/100,000) and Gangseo-gu (15.02/100,000), than in central urban districts such as Junggu (2.20/100,000). Higher incidence was observed among women and older adults (≥60 years). ASIR correlated strongly with per capita urban forest area (r=0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.79–0.97; p<0.001). Regional differences were significant for agriculture/forestry, gardening, and general outdoor activities (p<0.001). Districts with higher incidence also displayed higher rates of infectious disease education, although this may reflect reverse causation. Conclusion: In Busan, scrub typhus incidence was concentrated in peri-urban districts. These findings support region-specific prevention strategies, evaluation of infectious disease education, enhanced mite surveillance, and practical protective measures during fieldwork.
  • 1,725 View
  • 54 Download
Association of quantity and quality of fat intake with sleep quality: a cross-sectional study in Iran
Melika Fallah, Azadeh Aminianfar, Awat Feizi, Maryam Fallah, Peyman Adibi, Hamidreza Roohafza, Alireza Ani, Leila Azadbakht, Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(2):165-181.
Published online March 11, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0289
Association of quantity and quality of fat intake with sleep quality: a cross-sectional study in Iran
Objectives
The association between dietary fat intake and sleep quality remains unclear. This study investigated the impact of both dietary fat quality and quantity on sleep quality.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, participants completed a food frequency questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to assess quantity and quality of fat intake and sleep quality.
Results
A total of 1,904 participants (55% female) were included in the study. Participants in the highest tertile of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) intake, compared with those in the lowest tertile, had significantly higher total sleep quality scores (odds ratio [OR], 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.62) and longer sleep onset latency (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.08–1.83). Participants with higher animal fat intake exhibited higher total sleep quality scores (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.09–1.89) and increased sleep disturbances (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.02–1.83). Among women, those in the highest tertile compared with the lowest tertile showed increased odds of higher total sleep quality scores with total fat (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.04–1.82), PUFA (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.07–1.87), monounsaturated fatty acids (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.09–1.90), saturated fatty acid (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.01–1.77), and animal fat (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.18–2.11).
Conclusion
These findings suggest that higher intakes of PUFA and animal fat are associated with higher total sleep quality scores. When stratified by sex, higher intake of total fat and unsaturated fats was associated with higher total sleep quality scores in women only.
  • 1,715 View
  • 72 Download

Review Article

The effects of resistance training on hemoglobin A1c, body mass index, and muscle strength in patients with diabetes mellitus based on age (middle-aged and older adults): a systematic review and meta-analysis
Objectives
This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of resistance training on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and body mass index in patients with diabetes mellitus, categorized by age.
Methods
A comprehensive search of English-language literature published between 1997 and 2025 was performed across 6 databases (Embase, CINAHL, Medline, Cochrane, PubMed, and PEDro). Standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were calculated, and publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger’s test. The Joanna Briggs Institute checklist was applied to evaluate study quality.
Results
Thirty randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria, comprising 620 participants in the older (<60 years of age) subgroup and 1,389 in the middle-aged (40–59 years of age) subgroup. In both subgroups, resistance training significantly reduced HbA1c levels and body mass index, while increasing muscle strength (primary outcome). It also significantly increased high-density lipoprotein, improved VO₂ peak, and reduced low-density lipoprotein (secondary outcomes). However, the effects of resistance training were significant only in the older-adult subgroup for total cholesterol and only in the middle-aged subgroup for triglycerides.
Conclusion
Resistance training is a recommended rehabilitation exercise for patients with diabetes mellitus. Routine resistance training has been shown to help maintain optimal HbA1c and body mass index levels and improve muscle strength. In addition, it does not pose a risk of adverse events in either middle-aged or older patients. Nonetheless, patients are advised to monitor blood glucose levels and adhere to a proper diet to achieve optimal outcomes.

Citations

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  • Brain glucodynamic variability is an essential feature of the metabolism–cognition relationship
    Hamish A. Deery, Emma Liang, Chris Moran, Gary F. Egan, Sharna D. Jamadar
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Impacts of Geri-Fit® on Health Outcomes in Older Adults: An Exploratory Study
    Allyson Mark, Wei-Chen Lee, Hani Serag, Namita Bhardwaj, Michael Goodman, Carlos Clark, Hanaa S. Sallam
    Healthcare.2026; 14(13): 1913.     CrossRef
  • 10,018 View
  • 221 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Original Articles

Impact of intimate partner violence during pregnancy on maternal mental health and child development: a birth cohort study in central Vietnam
Han Dai Tri Tran, Cuc Thi Vu, Hoang Thuy Linh Nguyen, Duc Nu Hong Vo, Bao-Yen Luong-Thanh, Thang Van Vo
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(5):453-464.
Published online September 26, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0178
Impact of intimate partner violence during pregnancy on maternal mental health and child development: a birth cohort study in central Vietnam
Objectives
This study measured the impact of prenatal intimate partner violence (p-IPV) on maternal mental health and suspected developmental delays (SDDs) in children at 6 months of age in central Vietnam.
Methods
Data were drawn from a community-based birth cohort of 285 mother–child dyads in Hue citycity, central Vietnam. The exposure factor was p-IPV, assessed using the revised conflict tactics scale (CTS2). Maternal mental health was measured with the patient health questionnaire-9. Child development at 6 months was screened using the Vietnamese version of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, 3rd Edition (ASQ-3). Robust Poisson regression was used to estimate associations of p-IPV with maternal mental health and SDDs.
Results
Among the women, 18.9% reported experiencing p-IPV. SDDs were identified in 13% of the children, with communication delays being the most prevalent (10.9%). The association between p-IPV and SDDs remained significant after adjustment for confounders in multilevel models, with the highest relative risk (RR) observed in the fully adjusted model (RR, 2.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08–5.48). p-IPV exposure was significantly associated with postpartum depression in the crude and partially adjusted models, but this association became non-significant after full adjustment—most notably after accounting for prenatal depression, which remained a predictor of postpartum depression (RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.06–1.25).
Conclusion
p-IPV is significantly associated with increased risk of postpartum depression and developmental delays in early infancy. Integrating IPV screening and targeted interventions into prenatal care may contribute to improved developmental outcomes in children and better maternal health.

Citations

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  • Adverse childhood experiences, intimate partner violence, and postpartum depressive symptoms in a pregnancy cohort in Central Vietnam
    Dinh Trung Tran, Binh Thang Tran, Van Thang Vo, Vu Quoc Huy Nguyen, Dinh Duong Le, Thi Tao Tran, Kathy Trang, Kathleen M. Baggett, Kathryn M. Yount
    SSM - Mental Health.2026; 9: 100632.     CrossRef
  • 2,845 View
  • 112 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Novel prophylactic and therapeutic multi-epitope vaccine based on Ag85A, Ag85B, ESAT-6, and CFP-10 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using an immunoinformatics approach
Muhammad Fikri Nugraha, Daniel Alexander Changestu, Rizky Ramadhan, Tasya Salsabila, Arsila Nurizati, Sari Eka Pratiwi, Ysrafil Ysrafil
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(4):286-306.
Published online July 26, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0026
Novel prophylactic and therapeutic multi-epitope vaccine based on Ag85A, Ag85B, ESAT-6, and CFP-10 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using an immunoinformatics approach
Objectives
Current tuberculosis (TB) control strategies face limitations, such as low antibiotic treatment compliance and a rise in multidrug resistance. Furthermore, the lack of a safe and effective vaccine compounds these challenges. The limited efficacy of existing vaccines against TB underscores the urgency for innovative strategies, such as immunoinformatics. Consequently, this study aimed to design a targeted multi-epitope vaccine against TB infection utilizing an immunoinformatics approach.
Methods
The multi-epitope vaccine targeted Ag85A, Ag85B, ESAT-6, and CFP-10 proteins. The design adopted various immunoinformatics tools for cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), helper T lymphocyte (HTL), and linear B lymphocyte (LBL) epitope prediction, the assessment of vaccine characteristics, structure modeling, population coverage analysis, disulfide engineering, solubility prediction, molecular docking/dynamics with toll-like receptors (TLRs), codon optimization/cloning, and immune simulation.
Results
The multi-epitope vaccine, which was assembled using 12 CTL, 25 HTL, and 21 LBL epitopes associated with CpG adjuvants, showed promising characteristics. The immunoinformatics analysis confirmed the antigenicity, immunogenicity, and lack of allergenicity. Physicochemical evaluations indicated that the proteins were stable, thermostable, hydrophilic, and highly soluble. Docking simulations suggested high-affinity binding to TLRs, including TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9. In silico immune simulation predicted strong T cell (cytokine release) and B cell (immunoglobulin release) responses.
Conclusion
This immunoinformatics-designed multi-epitope vaccine targeting Ag85A, Ag85B, ESAT-6, and CFP-10 proteins showed promising characteristics in terms of stability, immunogenicity, antigenicity, solubility, and predicted induction of humoral and adaptive immune responses. This suggests its potential as a prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine against TB.

Citations

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  • Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a comprehensive review of pathogenesis, drug resistance, current treatment and future prospects
    Shweta Tiwari, Ankit Kumar Singh, Aarshu Acharya, Joyabroto Ghosh, Rashmi Prabha Singh
    Archives of Microbiology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Genome-Guided Mining and Integrated in Silico Approach Uncover Potential of Streptomyces Secondary Metabolites as Multi-Target Agents Against Candida albicans Biofilm Formation
    Ismail Ismail, Sylvia Utami Tunjung Pratiwi, Ema Damayanti, Jaka Widada, Ysrafil Ysrafil, Syamsu Nur, Abdul Halim Umar, Ira Handayani, Shanti Ratnakomala
    Network Modeling Analysis in Health Informatics an.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Domain arrangement–driven immunogenicity of a computationally designed mRNA vaccine targeting PPE68, IrtA, and PE9 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
    Theerawat Dobutr, Elena Stylianou, Helen McShane, Nawamin Pinpathomrat
    Scientific Reports.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • In silico framework for designing and validating a multi-stage subunit vaccine against Tuberculosis using reverse vaccinology approach
    Ayesha Liaqat, Kubra Dastgir, Muhammad Sajjad, Hafiz Muzzammel Rehman, Muhammad Waheed Akhtar, Masoud Foroutan
    PLOS One.2026; 21(8): e0356788.     CrossRef
  • Computationally guided multi-epitope vaccine design targeting oncoprotein BZLF1, EBNA1, LMP1, and LMP2 for of EBV associated gastric cancer
    Elvin Delonio, Ysrafil Ysrafil, Herlina Eka Shinta, Sari Eka Pratiwi
    Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Antigen 85B of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: From Immunodominant Antigen to Vaccine Candidate
    Vivek Chauhan, Gaytri Mahajan, Rakesh Kumar, Shrikanth S. Gadad, Subhash C. Chauhan, Chinnaswamy Jagannath, Subramanian Dhandayuthapani
    Vaccines.2026; 14(9): 811.     CrossRef
  • Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant BCG expressing a multi-epitope vaccine against mycobacterium tuberculosis
    Xuan-ji Zhang, Jia-rui Luo, Ting-ting Tian, Juan Shi, Zheng-long Chai, Chuang Li, Si-yu Zhang, Tao Qu, Feng-bo Zhang, Yue-jie Zhu
    Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Computational systems immunology and multi-scale modeling for the design of a Multi-Epitope Vaccine (MEV) against emerging multidrug-resistant Klebsiella michiganensis
    Rasha Assad Assiri, Fayez M. Saleh, Sher Muhammad, Emmanuel O. Fenibo, Tonderayi Matambo
    International Microbiology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • In Silico Targeting and Immunological Profiling of PpiA in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Computational Approach
    Mohammad J. Nasiri, Lily Rogowski, Vishwanath Venketaraman
    Pathogens.2025; 14(4): 370.     CrossRef
  • New Advances in the Development and Design of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Vaccines: Construction and Validation of Multi-Epitope Vaccines for Tuberculosis Prevention
    Osnat Barazani, Thomas Erdos, Raafi Chowdhury, Gursimratpreet Kaur, Vishwanath Venketaraman
    Biology.2025; 14(4): 417.     CrossRef
  • In-silico epitope-based vaccines design: progress, challenges and the road ahead
    Federica Cernuto, Avisa Maleki, Giulia Russo, Valentina Di Salvatore, Francesco Pappalardo
    Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery.2025; 20(12): 1701.     CrossRef
  • Design of multi-epitope-based therapeutic vaccine candidates from HBc and HBx proteins of hepatitis B virus using reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics approaches
    Patricia Gita Naully, Marselina Irasonia Tan, Husna Nugrahapraja, Aluicia Anita Artarini, Reza Aditama, Ernawati Arifin Giri-Rachman, Sheikh Arslan Sehgal
    PLOS ONE.2024; 19(12): e0313269.     CrossRef
  • 8,020 View
  • 194 Download
  • 12 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Review Article

The role of artificial intelligence in managing COVID-19 and long COVID: a narrative review
Bikash Kanti Sarkar, Ambuj Kumar
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(1):17-31.
Published online February 4, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0347
The role of artificial intelligence in managing COVID-19 and long COVID: a narrative review
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had an unprecedented global impact, resulting in both positive and negative consequences. The virus not only affected millions of lives worldwide but also caused long-term harm to multiple organ systems in many survivors, thereby substantially impairing quality of life. This persistent condition is now referred to as long COVID (LC). The aim of this study is to raise awareness of LC-related organ system impacts and to highlight the key role of artificial intelligence (AI) in mitigating these effects. The present research conducts a narrative review focusing on LC-related impacts. In this context, unstructured searches were conducted to identify a total of 69 relevant studies indexed in Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, or Scopus, each of which was reviewed by at least 2 experts with sufficient domain knowledge in health sciences. Based on the authors’ perspectives and insights, the review narratively examines damage to human organ systems attributable to LC and explores the role of AI in addressing LC-related challenges. Significant ethical, practical, and societal concerns arising from the extensive use of AI, particularly major issues such as data privacy and algorithmic bias, are also discussed. LC has caused lasting impacts on human organ systems, while AI is offering substantial potential for LC-related care.
  • 2,949 View
  • 98 Download

Original Article

Effectiveness of a cognitive behavioral therapy program in stroke patients in the Republic of Korea: a mixed-methods study
So-Eun Choi, Deok-Ju Kim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(5):461-475.
Published online September 30, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0116
Effectiveness of a cognitive behavioral therapy program in stroke patients in the Republic of Korea: a mixed-methods study
Objectives
This study aimed to explore the effects of a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) program on stroke patients, as well as their experiences participating in the program. Methods: This study employed a mixed-methods design, integrating qualitative case studies with quantitative analysis. We included 20 stroke patients, randomly divided into 2 groups of 10 each: an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group underwent a CBT program comprising 20 sessions, in addition to receiving general occupational therapy. Conversely, the control group participated in meditation relaxation sessions alongside their general occupational therapy. Both interventions were administered daily for 60 minutes, 5 days a week, over a 4-week period. Results: After the intervention, the experimental group exhibited significant improvements in depression, anxiety, self-efficacy, and rehabilitation motivation (p<0.01, p<0.05). In contrast, the control group only demonstrated a significant reduction in anxiety (p<0.05). A comparison of the changes between the 2 groups showed significant differences in depression and anxiety (p<0.01), but no significant differences in self-efficacy and rehabilitation motivation (p>0.05). In-depth interviews with 10 participants from the experimental group were conducted and analyzed, revealing 4 core themes: “psychological stability,” “physical symptom relief,” “altered daily routines,” and “challenges and hopes for change.” Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that CBT programs may serve as a valuable intervention, offering psychological support and rehabilitation for stroke patients.

Citations

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  • Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for post-stroke fatigue: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Fusen Sun, Yan Li, Fengli Liu
    Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases.2026; 35(8): 108697.     CrossRef
  • Effects of a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program Combined with an Exercise Therapy Program on Balance, Gait, EEG, and Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Stroke
    You-Kyoung Jang
    Journal of The Korean Society of Physical Medicine.2026; 21(3): 1.     CrossRef
  • 7,955 View
  • 220 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
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Review Article

Effectiveness of virtual reality-supported exercise therapy in improving upper extremity function and activities of daily living among patients after stroke: a systematic review of randomized control trials
Objectives
This systematic review describes the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR)-supported exercise therapy on upper limb motor function and activities of daily living after stroke. Methods: Studies published through January 24, 2022, were identified using CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, and Web of Science. Randomized control trials comparing VR treatment with conventional therapy (CT) for upper extremity rehabilitation after stroke were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Results: Of 9 included studies, 5 concluded that the VR group outperformed control participants, 1 indicated the superiority of VR-supported exercises alone over CT, and 3 found VR comparable to CT in promoting upper limb motor function. Five studies analyzed independence in daily living, with 4 reporting no significant difference between VR and CT groups. No strong evidence indicated long-term benefits of VR-assisted exercise. All included studies demonstrated low risk of bias concerning random sequence generation, allocation concealment, outcome assessment blinding, incomplete outcome data, and selective reporting bias. However, a high risk of bias was observed regarding participant blinding due to the nature of the intervention. Conclusion: Most studies suggested that VR, used alongside CT, can improve motor function following stroke. However, the evidence was insufficient to conclude that VR outperforms conventional approaches.

Citations

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  • Challenges and Benefits of Virtual Reality in Home-Based Poststroke Rehabilitation: Co-Design Qualitative Study
    Trust Saidi, Ann Marie Hestetun-Mandrup, Nenad Pavel, Ingvild Kristina Hurum Rosseland, Kathinka Granum Selmer-Olsen, Nora Synnøve Mørk, Åse Bergheim, Minna Annika Pikkarainen
    JMIR Human Factors.2026; 13: e78798.     CrossRef
  • Neural correlates of virtual hand movements using ecologically valid tasks
    Silvia Erika Kober, Lisa Maria Berger, Daniela Kern, Guilherme Wood, Petra Schwingenschuh
    Frontiers in Virtual Reality.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Artificial Intelligence in Stroke Rehabilitation: A 20‐Year Bibliometric Analysis of Digital Health Trends and Technologies
    Yuhua Li, Weixi Liu, Xiaomei Yuan
    Brain and Behavior.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Promoting adapted physical activity through immersive virtual reality: a feasibility study in community organizations
    Aurélien Ramos, Sarah-Maude Ruest, Roxanne Périnet-Lacroix, Julien Marceaux, Keith Beaudoin, Danielle Levac, Martin Lemay, Marika Demers, Hubert D. Gascon, Martine Bordeleau, Krista L. Best, Maxime T. Robert
    Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Kinesiotherapy in medical rehabilitation and prevention of non-communicable diseases: the role of biofeedback, neuroplasticity, virtual reality and exoskeletons
    K. Korbel, A. Chalupka-Borowska, B. Depczyńska, A. Madziewicz, A. Bilska, A. Bartkowiak-Graczyk
    Fizjoterapia Polska.2026; 26(2/2026): 59.     CrossRef
  • Advances in hemiplegia rehabilitation: modern therapeutic interventions to enhance activities of daily living
    Jing Xiong, Jin-Tian Wang, Shu Lin, Bao-Yuan Xie
    Frontiers in Neurology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effect of virtual reality-based upper limb training on activity of daily living and quality of life among stroke survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Diriba Dereje Olana, Teklu Gemechu Abessa, Dheeraj Lamba, Lisa Tedesco Triccas, Bruno Bonnechere
    Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Research on upper limb motor function evaluation and rehabilitation training system of stroke patients based on artificial intelligence: A usability and feasibility study from therapist and patient perspectives
    Qiurong Xie, Qi Zhang, Yanxin Zhang, Bo Sheng, Xiaoling Wang, Jia Luo, Jia Huang
    DIGITAL HEALTH.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Efficacy of a Virtual Reality Rehabilitation Protocol Based on Art Therapy in Patients with Stroke: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
    Gaetano Tieri, Marco Iosa, Antonio Fortini, Federica Aghilarre, Federico Gentili, Cristiano Rubeca, Tommaso Mastropietro, Gabriella Antonucci, Roberto De Giorgi
    Brain Sciences.2024; 14(9): 863.     CrossRef
  • Elevating patient experience: Transformative strategies in hand therapy
    Jean Paul Brutus, Bianieff Tchiloemba, Anna Galstyan, Tom Lattré, Aviva Wolff, Alison Taylor
    Hand Surgery and Rehabilitation.2024; 43(5): 101764.     CrossRef
  • 9,675 View
  • 276 Download
  • 11 Web of Science
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Original Article

Scrub typhus in the era of climate change: exploring lagged and cumulative effects of meteorological factors in the Republic of Korea, 2001–2024, a nationwide time-series study
Objectives
Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, is a climate-sensitive vector-borne disease with high incidence in the Republic of Korea. This study examined long-term epidemiological trends and changing meteorological influences in the context of climate change.
Methods
A retrospective time-series study was conducted using national surveillance data on 149,289 scrub typhus cases (2001–2024) across 4 surveillance phases. Temporal trends in age-standardized incidence rates were evaluated using Joinpoint regression. Associations between monthly meteorological variables and incidence were assessed with Spearman correlation analysis and time-series regression analysis using distributed lag non-linear models.
Results
The national incidence increased until 2017 and has decreased since 2018, whereas the AAPC rebound to 4.32% during phase IV (2019–2024). The proportion of female cases decreased, while that of adults ≥70 years increased significantly. In phase IV, the average annual percent change increased in central and urban regions. The lag effect of meteorological factors lengthened from 4 to 6 months, with mean temperature (Tmean) and relative humidity (RH) representing the primary predictors. Phase III (2013–2018) displayed the highest cumulative relative risk (RR) for Tmean at 25.2 °C (RR, 5.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.56–13.42), whereas in phase IV, only moderate RH (58%) remained significantly associated with incidence (RR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.29–2.20).
Conclusion
Over the past 2 decades, the influence of meteorological factors on scrub typhus has shifted, with recent years marked by greater uncertainty under increasing climate variability and instability. For timely risk prediction and targeted prevention, adaptive surveillance systems that integrate dynamic climate indicators—capturing the intensity, frequency, and variability of extreme weather events—are needed.

Citations

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  • A Review of Domestic Research and Response Trends Regarding the Environmental and Health Impacts of Climate Change
    Young Sun Kwon, Junsuk Kang
    Journal of Environmental Health Sciences.2026; 52(1): 7.     CrossRef
  • Non-linear effects and lag patterns of eco-environmental factors on scrub typhus: a spatiotemporal analysis in Yunnan, China, 2015–2022
    Xiangnan Jing, Yuewei Ling, Ruonan Jing, Fuying Guo, Feifei Yin, Dongsheng Huang, Lijie Zhang, Xiangyu Yan, Tiejun Shui
    Parasites & Vectors.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 3,491 View
  • 145 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
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Review Article

Bridging innovation and policy: comparative pathways of national vaccine development in low- and middle-income countries
Vahid Marandi
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(5):425-436.
Published online September 17, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0208
Bridging innovation and policy: comparative pathways of national vaccine development in low- and middle-income countries
Objectives
To examine how national innovation and policy configurations enabled vaccine development in Brazil, Cuba, India, and Iran, and to distil lessons for low- and middle-income country (LMIC) vaccine sovereignty.
Methods
Narrative review of peer-reviewed and grey literature (2020–2023), guided by a structured search and screening approach; synthesis mapped to national and sectoral innovation system perspectives and technology readiness levels.
Results
Cuba and Iran leveraged mission-oriented public research and development (R&D) and domestic platforms; India combined indigenous R&D with large-scale licensed manufacturing; Brazil’s scientific capacity was constrained by fragmented governance and supply-chain dependence. Adaptive regulation (e.g., emergency use authorization/conditional approvals), targeted technology transfer, and South–South partnerships accelerated progress but raised longer-term questions about intellectual property (IP) control and economic sustainability.
Conclusion
Institutional coherence, strategic IP management, and regional manufacturing alliances are as critical as scientific capacity for LMIC vaccine self-reliance. Policy priorities include pre-negotiated tech-transfer frameworks, regulatory preparedness, and investment in public R&D linked to distributed manufacturing.

Citations

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  • Next-Generation Vaccines Leveraging T Cell-Centric Design, Mucosal Immunity, and Trained Innate Immunity for Respiratory and Enteric Pathogens
    Md. Abdus Salam, Md. Yusuf Al-Amin, Kasireddy Sudarshan, Aidan Lynch, Victor Reyes, Madeline Stevenson
    Vaccines.2026; 14(5): 462.     CrossRef
  • From Global Insights to Local Action: Bridging Vaccine Design and Manufacturing Gaps in H5N1 Pandemic Readiness
    María Alicia Delfino, Jimena Borgo, Luciano Chaneton, Natacha Cerny, Augusto Ernesto Bivona, Pierre Gsell, Fernando Lobos, Ike James, Martin Friede, German Sánchez Alberti, Andrés Sánchez Alberti
    Vaccines.2026; 14(6): 519.     CrossRef
  • Harnessing trained immunity for next-generation vaccines: from rational adjuvant design to self-adjuvanting antigens
    Jing Wang, Xiao-Yong Fan, Zhidong Hu
    Expert Review of Vaccines.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Vigilancia tecnológica de vacunas contra arbovirus en Latinoamérica
    Diana Priscila Estrella-Santiago, Rubén Oliver Espinoza
    Entreciencias diálogos en la Sociedad del Conocimi.2026; 14(28): 1.     CrossRef
  • Role of Academia and Research Institutions in Advancing Indigenous Vaccine Development
    Saira Afzal, Muhammad Maaz Arif
    Pakistan BioMedical Journal.2026; : 01.     CrossRef
  • 5,023 View
  • 202 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Original Article

Impact of direct prehospital transport on mortality in patients with severe trauma based on the injury severity score: a nationwide observational study in the Republic of Korea
Sun Ju Kim, KeunKyun Kim, Oh Hyun Kim, Chan Yong Park
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(4):381-391.
Published online August 11, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0102
Impact of direct prehospital transport on mortality in patients with severe trauma based on the injury severity score: a nationwide observational study in the Republic of Korea
Objectives
Severe trauma remains a leading cause of death in the Republic of Korea. In response, regional trauma centers were established in 2012. This study evaluated the impact of direct prehospital transport to trauma centers on in-hospital mortality among patients with severe trauma using the national trauma registry. Methods: This nationwide observational study utilized data from the Korean community-based trauma registry between 2016 and 2020. Patients with an injury severity score >15 who were directly transported from the prehospital setting were included. Variables analyzed encompassed demographics, injury mechanism, transport time, hospital level, and outcomes. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Both logistic regression and decision tree models were employed. Results: A total of 24,567 patients were included. Overall mortality decreased by 5.2% during the study period. Patients transported to level 1 or 2 trauma centers had a lower mortality rate (23.6%) compared to those transported to level 3 or 4 hospitals (28.0%). The proportion of direct transports to high-level centers increased from 46.7% to 64.1% between 2016 and 2020. Despite longer transport times, patients transported to high-level institutions exhibited improved survival, particularly when transport exceeded 30 minutes, suggesting that hospital selection may be more critical than minimizing transport time. Conclusion: Direct transport to high-level trauma centers improves survival among patients with severe trauma, even when transport times are prolonged. These findings support the importance of a well-organized trauma system that emphasizes hospital capability in prehospital triage decisions.

Citations

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  • Geospatial Optimization of Trauma Care Resource Allocation and Timely Access for Severely Injured Patients
    Ryan B. Choi, Deeksha Bidare, Byung Hee Kang, Junsik Kwon, Kyungwon Jung, Jeff Choi
    JAMA Network Open.2026; 9(9): e2636840.     CrossRef
  • Prehospital transport prioritization and time-varying selection bias in traffic-related multi-patient incidents: a nationwide retrospective cohort study
    Atsushi Kubo, Shinobu Tamura, Atsushi Hiraide, Daigo Morioka, Ryu Murakami, Kenko Fukui, Shigeaki Inoue
    Critical Care.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Artificial intelligence and biohealth: the Republic of Korea’s emerging priorities in health care R&D
    Jong-Koo Lee
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2025; 16(4): 309.     CrossRef
  • 2,279 View
  • 69 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
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Review Article

Global health security in the post-COVID-19 era: threats, preparation, and response
Chaeshin Chu
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(2):116-125.
Published online April 4, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0037
Global health security in the post-COVID-19 era: threats, preparation, and response
Global health security threats in the post-coronavirus disease 2019 era include dense urban populations, increased human–animal proximity, migration driven by political or economic instability, climate change, humanitarian crises, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and the misuse of biological research—including the accidental or intentional release of high-risk pathogens. The foundational preparation for these threats is to establish a robust, resilient public health system based on universal health coverage. The World Health Organization’s International Health Regulations must continue to promote global solidarity by maintaining core capacities such as surveillance, national laboratories, and epidemiological investigations of emerging infectious diseases, with timely reporting and information sharing within the global health security community. A One Health approach is essential for addressing AMR. Infection prevention and control must be enhanced to reduce healthcare-associated infections in medical facilities. Additionally, regulations concerning biosafety and biosecurity should address dual-use research of concern as well as the accidental or intentional release of highrisk pathogens from laboratories. Global health security is a collective responsibility because these threats know no borders and require coordinated action.

Citations

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  • The Role of Environmental and Climatic Factors in Accelerating Antibiotic Resistance in the Mediterranean Region
    Nikolaos P. Tzavellas, Natalia Atzemoglou, Petros Bozidis, Konstantina Gartzonika
    Acta Microbiologica Hellenica.2026; 71(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Global health preparedness for biosecurity threats: a review of emerging technologies and solutions
    Omotade Adebimpe Ijarotimi, Adeyemi Akeem Amuda, Christopher Oluwatosin Omokanye, Mariam Amuda
    Frontiers in Public Health.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 11,374 View
  • 187 Download
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Original Articles
Effects of green coffee supplementation on paraoxonase-1 activity and malondialdehyde levels in Iranian women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized clinical trial
Azam Ildarabadi, Marzieh Vahid-Dastjerdi, Mina Ghorbanpour, Ahmad Mousavi, Mehrnoush Meshkani, Mirsaeed Yekaninejad, Ahmad Saedisomeolia
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(6):521-532.
Published online November 20, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0187
Effects of green coffee supplementation on paraoxonase-1 activity and malondialdehyde levels in Iranian women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized clinical trial
Objectives
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common, heterogeneous clinical syndrome affecting women. Investigating oxidative stress in women is crucial, as it is linked to insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. Chlorogenic acid, a bioactive component found in green coffee, has numerous documented health benefits. This study aimed to assess the beneficial effects of green coffee consumption on paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in women with PCOS.
Methods
This study was a double-blind randomized clinical trial that included 44 patients with PCOS. Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. For 6 weeks, the intervention group (n=22) received 400 mg of green coffee supplements, while the control group (n=22) received 400 mg of a starch-based placebo. Anthropometric indices, dietary assessments, and physical activity levels were evaluated before and after the 6-week intervention period. Additionally, blood samples were collected for laboratory analysis.
Results
Supplementation with green coffee increased PON-1 levels by 3.5 units, a significant finding (p=0.038). Additionally, the intake of green coffee supplements significantly reduced blood cholesterol levels by 18.8 units (p=0.013) and triglyceride levels by 6.1 units (p=0.053). However, no significant differences were observed in the levels of MDA, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, fasting blood sugar, insulin, or homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance as a result of the intervention.
Conclusion
Supplementation with green coffee alters PON-1 activity and cholesterol levels in women with PCOS. However, it has no significant impact on MDA levels or glycemic status.

Citations

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  • Oxidative Stress and Lipid Peroxidation Markers in Obesity-Related Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Menstrual Irregularities: A Systematic Review of Biochemical and Pharmacological Interventions
    Shahnaz Fatima, Anum Saeedullah, Anjum Mahmood, Mohammad Iqbal, Samina Firdous, Umar Alim
    Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences.2026; : 151.     CrossRef
  • Encapsulated coffee parchment extracts mitigate fructose-induced liver injury: linking agro-industrial waste valorization to environmental and metabolic health
    Meriem Benyelles, Amel Zoubeyda Merzouk, Hafida Merzouk, Amel Medjdoub, Farid Berroukeche
    International Journal of Environmental Health Rese.2026; : 1.     CrossRef
  • Polycystic ovary syndrome, cardiovascular risk, and coffee: a complex interplay
    Anna Vittoria Mattioli
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2025; 16(1): 89.     CrossRef
  • Association of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Its Metabolic Outcomes, Including Insulin Resistance and Dyslipidemia: A Systematic Review
    Hina Zuhra, Shabina Saifullah, Bela Inayat, Aneela Mehr, Amena Arif, Sabeen Khalid
    Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences.2025; : 171.     CrossRef
  • 43,825 View
  • 95 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Associations of type and intensity of social participation with depression, self-rated health, and life satisfaction among community-dwelling older adults in the Republic of Korea: a nationwide cross-sectional study
Objectives
Social activities are important and influential factors for healthy aging. However, limited information is available regarding the associations of the type and intensity of social participation with health and well-being. This study aimed to investigate how various types of social activities are associated with several dimensions of health outcomes. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized data from the Seventh Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging, which included 5,526 adults aged 60 years and older. Multivariate linear regression analysis was employed to analyze the associations of social activities with depression, self-rated health, and life satisfaction. Additionally, subgroup analyses by sex and age were performed. Results: Among the participants, 73.5% reported involvement in at least 1 of the 4 types of social engagement. After adjustment for all covariates, individuals who participated in any social activity reported better self-rated health and higher life satisfaction compared to those who did not participate. However, the intensity of engagement in different social activities had varying impacts on subjective health outcomes. An increased level of participation was associated with a lower rate of depression and improved self-rated health. However, no significant differences were observed in the relationship between the intensity of participation in activities (with the exception of alumni societies or family councils) and life satisfaction. Conclusion: This study suggests that to improve their health, older adults in the Republic of Korea should not only engage in social activities but also do so actively and regularly.

Citations

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  • Impact of Depression on Self-Rated Health Status among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Moderating Effects of Subjective Social Status and Formal Social Participation Using Data from the Ninth Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2022)
    Sohee Jung, Eunhee Yang, Soyoung Cha, Wonhee Baek
    Journal of Fundamental Nursing Science.2026; 33(1): 147.     CrossRef
  • Disaggregating Digital Competence: Social Activity Participation and Depressive Symptoms Among Korean Older Adults
    Young-Mi Jung, NakHyeok Choi
    Behavioral Sciences.2026; 16(10): 1742.     CrossRef
  • Gender differences in advanced activities of daily living: evidence from the longitudinal study of health and aging in Mexico 2012–2018
    Martha A. Sánchez-Rodríguez, Mariano Zacarías-Flores, Lesly Estefanía Castañeda-Sánchez, Víctor Manuel Mendoza-Núñez
    Frontiers in Aging.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Associations Between Physical Activity, Body Perception, and Self-Rated Health in Korean Adults: An Analysis of the 2023 Korean Community Health Survey
    Geun-Kook Kim, Su-Yeon Roh, Sung-Ho Hwang
    Medicina.2025; 61(11): 1898.     CrossRef
  • 6,354 View
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The clonality and dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia: a retrospective analysis from 2022 to 2023
Ummu Afeera Zainulabid, Hui-min Neoh, Xiong Khee Cheong, Najma Kori, Chee Lan Lau, Sunita Sulaiman, Siti Rokiah Yusof, Nur Ayuni Ahamad Faudzi, Maliha Farah Nurhazirah Yahya, Han Ming Gan, Sharifah Azura Salleh, Petrick Periyasamy
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(3):262-271.
Published online May 7, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0493
The clonality and dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia: a retrospective analysis from 2022 to 2023
Objectives
Cases of nosocomial carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) have been increasing steadily since the 1990s. In this study, we sought to assess CRKP clonal diversity and patterns of dissemination at Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz (HCTM), a tertiary university hospital located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Methods: From January 2022 to December 2023, all CRKP isolates from HCTM were included in the investigation. Associated patient demographic data and clinical histories were retrieved from hospital records. Antibiotic susceptibility data for the collected isolates were obtained from the HCTM diagnostic laboratory. Molecular typing was performed using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) to identify genetic clusters. Based on ERIC-PCR clustering results and epidemiological investigations, selected CRKP isolates were subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to validate clonal relatedness, identify antimicrobial resistance genes, and establish phylogenomic relationships. Results: During the study period, a total of 147 CRKP isolates were recovered from various wards across HCTM. All isolates exhibited resistance to imipenem, meropenem, or ertapenem, with 124 isolates confirmed as carbapenemase producers. ERIC-PCR identified 24 genetic clusters disseminated across 23 wards within HCTM. Twelve CRKP isolates were selected for WGS based on integrated epidemiological investigation and ERIC-PCR genotyping; sequence typing revealed ST17 as the dominant circulating CRKP lineage in the intensive care unit, ward 6E, and possibly across the hospital. The carbapenemase gene bla_NDM was detected in all WGS-analyzed CRKP isolates. Conclusion: Integrating epidemiological investigation, phenotypic testing, molecular typing, and WGS is essential to understand resistance dynamics, map transmission, and guide hospital infection prevention strategies.
  • 1,680 View
  • 55 Download
Genetic profiling of the tolC component of the acrAB-TolC efflux pump in clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates: a cross-sectional study in Pontianak, Indonesia
Mardhia Mardhia, Delima Fajar Liana, Sari Eka Pratiwi, Mahyarudin Mahyarudin, Risa Agustina
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(3):254-261.
Published online April 20, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0573
Genetic profiling of the tolC component of the acrAB-TolC efflux pump in clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates: a cross-sectional study in Pontianak, Indonesia
Objectives
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections. Its increasing prevalence poses substantial challenges to both hospital and public health systems due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains. Understanding the epidemiology of K. pneumoniae and its antimicrobial resistance characteristics may support antimicrobial stewardship and infection control programs. A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to November 2025. Methods: A total of 62 isolates underwent phenotypic identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the BD Phoenix system (Becton Dickinson), followed by molecular detection of K. pneumoniae and efflux pump genes. Sanger sequencing was performed on isolates positive for the tolC gene. Results: Among the isolates, 66.1% were classified as extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers, 6.5% as carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), and 6.5% as both ESBL and CRE producers. Most clinical isolates were resistant to ampicillin, cefazolin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and cefepime. The acrAB and tolC genes were detected in all 62 isolates. One isolate showed a genetic profile similar to that of the K. pneumoniae KP 52.145 strain. Conclusion: This study demonstrated a high prevalence of antibiotic resistance among K. pneumoniae isolates and confirmed the presence of efflux pump genes, including tolC, with observable genetic variability. Further investigation of tolC gene evolution is essential, as these genes play critical roles in antibiotic resistance mechanisms.
  • 2,588 View
  • 48 Download
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