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Original Articles

Molecular and genetic characterization of Kudoa septempunctata from foodborne outbreaks in the Republic of Korea, 2016–2024: a retrospective public-health surveillance investigation
Jong-Hoon Choi, Sung-Hee Hong, Cha-Yoon Kim, Ji-Young Kwon, Ji Ye Seo, Se-Jin Jeong, Tae Yun Kim, Jung-Won Ju, Hee-Il Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(4):300-309.
Published online May 14, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0426
Funded: Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency
Molecular and genetic characterization of Kudoa septempunctata from foodborne outbreaks in the Republic of Korea, 2016–2024: a retrospective public-health surveillance investigation
Objectives
Kudoa septempunctata is a marine myxosporean parasite implicated in seafood-borne acute gastroenteritis, predominantly associated with the consumption of raw olive flounder. This study aimed to characterize the molecular and genetic features of K. septempunctata-associated with foodborne outbreaks in the Republic of Korea from 2016 to 2024. Methods: We reviewed 415 suspected foodborne outbreaks reported through national surveillance between 2016 and 2024. Among these, 37 outbreaks with complete clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory data from 2020 to 2024—including K. septempunctata testing and genotyping—were analyzed in detail. Results: Diarrhea (88.8%) and vomiting (61.2%) were the most common symptoms. The detection rate of K. septempunctata was significantly higher in specimens collected ≤24 hours after raw fish consumption (69.8%) than in those collected > 24 hours after consumption (35.9%). Outbreak occurrence was higher during warmer months (May–October) than during other periods, although this difference was not statistically significant. All sequences obtained from patient specimens belonged to sequence type 3 (ST3) of K. septempunctata. Conclusion: Since 2020, the proportion of reported outbreaks associated with Kudoa has increased, indicating its continued public health relevance. The timing of specimen collection is a key determinant of K. septempunctata detection, as diagnostic yield declines significantly when specimens are collected more than 24 hours after exposure. These findings highlight the need for standardized rapid investigation protocols and an integrated surveillance system linking clinical data with seafood supply-chain information.
  • 1,775 View
  • 67 Download
Burden and trends of mental disorders in Vietnam, 1990–2023: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023
Thanh Hoa Tran, Ngoc Thi Nhu Hoang
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(4):337-350.
Published online June 23, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2026.0101
Funded: University of Danang–VN-UK Institute
Burden and trends of mental disorders in Vietnam, 1990–2023: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023
Objectives
This study evaluated the epidemiological burden and temporal trends of mental disorders in Vietnam from 1990 to 2023 and projected the future burden through 2040. Methods: Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 data were used to analyze the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), and age-standardized disability-adjusted life-year rate (ASDAR) by age, sex, and diagnostic subtype. Temporal trends were quantified using the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC), and Pearson correlation analysis examined associations with Vietnam’s human development index (HDI). Bayesian structural time series (BSTS) models were used to forecast the burden through 2040. Results: In 2023, approximately 9.1 million individuals in Vietnam had mental disorders, with 2.94 million annual incident cases and 1.41 million disability-adjusted life-years. Depressive disorders ranked highest across all metrics, and females consistently had higher agestandardized rates than males. Age-standardized rates increased significantly from 1990 to 2023: ASIR, 1.10% EAPC (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87%–1.33%); ASPR, 0.27% EAPC (95% CI, 0.21%–0.33%); and ASDAR, 0.52% EAPC (95% CI, 0.46%–0.58%). Mental disorder burden was strongly positively correlated with HDI (r =0.773–0.909, all p<0.001). BSTS models projected continued increases through 2040 (ASPR, 9,003.75; ASIR, 3,307.11; ASDAR, 1,408.05 per 100,000 population). Conclusion: Mental disorders constitute an escalating public health challenge in Vietnam, with the burden increasing steadily over 3 decades and projected to continue rising through 2040. Reorientation toward an integrated, community-based care model, alongside targeted workforce expansion and systematic integration of mental health services into primary care, is essential to mitigate this growing burden.
  • 4,602 View
  • 72 Download
The clonality and dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia: a retrospective analysis from 2022 to 2023
Ummu Afeera Zainulabid, Hui-min Neoh, Xiong Khee Cheong, Najma Kori, Chee Lan Lau, Sunita Sulaiman, Siti Rokiah Yusof, Nur Ayuni Ahamad Faudzi, Maliha Farah Nurhazirah Yahya, Han Ming Gan, Sharifah Azura Salleh, Petrick Periyasamy
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(3):262-271.
Published online May 7, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0493
Funded: Faculty of Medicine Fundamental Grant, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
The clonality and dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia: a retrospective analysis from 2022 to 2023
Objectives
Cases of nosocomial carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) have been increasing steadily since the 1990s. In this study, we sought to assess CRKP clonal diversity and patterns of dissemination at Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz (HCTM), a tertiary university hospital located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Methods: From January 2022 to December 2023, all CRKP isolates from HCTM were included in the investigation. Associated patient demographic data and clinical histories were retrieved from hospital records. Antibiotic susceptibility data for the collected isolates were obtained from the HCTM diagnostic laboratory. Molecular typing was performed using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) to identify genetic clusters. Based on ERIC-PCR clustering results and epidemiological investigations, selected CRKP isolates were subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to validate clonal relatedness, identify antimicrobial resistance genes, and establish phylogenomic relationships. Results: During the study period, a total of 147 CRKP isolates were recovered from various wards across HCTM. All isolates exhibited resistance to imipenem, meropenem, or ertapenem, with 124 isolates confirmed as carbapenemase producers. ERIC-PCR identified 24 genetic clusters disseminated across 23 wards within HCTM. Twelve CRKP isolates were selected for WGS based on integrated epidemiological investigation and ERIC-PCR genotyping; sequence typing revealed ST17 as the dominant circulating CRKP lineage in the intensive care unit, ward 6E, and possibly across the hospital. The carbapenemase gene bla_NDM was detected in all WGS-analyzed CRKP isolates. Conclusion: Integrating epidemiological investigation, phenotypic testing, molecular typing, and WGS is essential to understand resistance dynamics, map transmission, and guide hospital infection prevention strategies.
  • 1,680 View
  • 55 Download
Factor structure and measurement invariance of the EuroQol 5-dimensional questionnaire: a secondary analysis of the Korea Health Panel survey
Byungsun Park, Hanna Choi
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(3):272-281.
Published online April 13, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0440
Funded: National Research Foundation of Korea, Gangneung-Wonju National University
Factor structure and measurement invariance of the EuroQol 5-dimensional questionnaire: a secondary analysis of the Korea Health Panel survey
Objectives
This study evaluated the EuroQol 5-dimensional questionnaire, 3-level version (EQ5D-3L), using Korea Health Panel (KHP) data by examining its factor structure, measurement invariance across gender and age groups, and longitudinal measurement invariance. Methods: Panel 1 data from the second survey year (2009), when the EQ-5D-3L was first introduced in the KHP, through the 12th year (2017) were analyzed, along with panel 2 data from 2019 to 2021. Confirmatory factor analysis and measurement invariance tests by gender and age groups were conducted within each period. Longitudinal measurement invariance was also evaluated for each period. Results: A 1-factor model demonstrated good fit for the EQ-5D-3L. In panel 1, full measurement invariance across gender and age groups was supported. In panel 2, partial invariance was achieved after relaxing constraints on item 5. Longitudinal measurement invariance was supported over 5- and 10-year intervals in panel 1 and over a 3-year interval in panel 2, indicating temporal stability of the measurement model. Conclusion: The EQ-5D-3L used in the KHP panel 1 and panel 2 datasets demonstrates a stable 1-factor structure and acceptable measurement invariance across key subgroups and over time. These findings support the use of the EQ-5D-3L as an appropriate instrument for assessing health-related quality of life among Korean adults and for longitudinal analyses within large-scale panel surveys.
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  • 37 Download
Genetic profiling of the tolC component of the acrAB-TolC efflux pump in clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates: a cross-sectional study in Pontianak, Indonesia
Mardhia Mardhia, Delima Fajar Liana, Sari Eka Pratiwi, Mahyarudin Mahyarudin, Risa Agustina
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(3):254-261.
Published online April 20, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0573
Funded: Ministry of Higher Education, Science, and Technology, Indonesia
Genetic profiling of the tolC component of the acrAB-TolC efflux pump in clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates: a cross-sectional study in Pontianak, Indonesia
Objectives
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections. Its increasing prevalence poses substantial challenges to both hospital and public health systems due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains. Understanding the epidemiology of K. pneumoniae and its antimicrobial resistance characteristics may support antimicrobial stewardship and infection control programs. A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to November 2025. Methods: A total of 62 isolates underwent phenotypic identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the BD Phoenix system (Becton Dickinson), followed by molecular detection of K. pneumoniae and efflux pump genes. Sanger sequencing was performed on isolates positive for the tolC gene. Results: Among the isolates, 66.1% were classified as extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers, 6.5% as carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), and 6.5% as both ESBL and CRE producers. Most clinical isolates were resistant to ampicillin, cefazolin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and cefepime. The acrAB and tolC genes were detected in all 62 isolates. One isolate showed a genetic profile similar to that of the K. pneumoniae KP 52.145 strain. Conclusion: This study demonstrated a high prevalence of antibiotic resistance among K. pneumoniae isolates and confirmed the presence of efflux pump genes, including tolC, with observable genetic variability. Further investigation of tolC gene evolution is essential, as these genes play critical roles in antibiotic resistance mechanisms.
  • 2,588 View
  • 48 Download

Review Article

Genetic diversity and multiplicity of Plasmodium spp. infections in Southeast Asia: a scoping review
Angela Pricillia Helen, Martini Martini, Bo-Young Jeon, Jin-Hee Han, Fauzi Muh
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(3):206-215.
Published online May 11, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0616
Funded: DAPT-EQUITY Universitas
Genetic diversity and multiplicity of Plasmodium spp. infections in Southeast Asia: a scoping review
Objectives
This scoping review synthesizes molecular evidence on Plasmodium genetic diversity and multiplicity of infection (MOI) in Southeast Asia and describes variation by species and epidemiological setting. Methods: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines, we searched PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and EBSCO for English language, open-access observational studies published between January 1, 2015 until October 11, 2025. Included studies involved laboratory-confirmed human malaria and reported MOI and genetic diversity data derived from appropriate molecular genotyping methods. Findings were summarized by species, geography, markers, and clinical categories. Results: Sixteen studies were included, comprising 1,609 genotyped Plasmodium falciparum infections, 1,526 Plasmodium vivax infections, 37 Plasmodium malariae infections, and 188 human Plasmodium knowlesi infections. P. falciparum exhibited marked heterogeneity, with polyclonal infection rates ranging from 3.9% to 73.9% and mean MOI ranging from 1.05 to 4.9. P. vivax consistently showed high diversity, with polyclonal infection rates ranging from 16.9% to 71.4% and mean MOI ranging from 1.1 to 1.91, alongside expected heterozygosity values of 0.66–0.87. P. malariae displayed low MOI, whereas P. knowlesi showed polyclonal infection rates ranging from 7.3% to 21% and mean MOI ranging from 1.04 to 1.06. No data were available for Plasmodium ovale. Conclusion: P. falciparum and P. vivax remain genetically diverse across Southeast Asia, with heterogeneous transmission patterns, particularly in border regions. Limited data on P. malariae, human P. knowlesi, and P. ovale highlight the need for standardized molecular surveillance to support targeted elimination efforts.
  • 2,007 View
  • 115 Download

Original Articles

Association of quantity and quality of fat intake with sleep quality: a cross-sectional study in Iran
Melika Fallah, Azadeh Aminianfar, Awat Feizi, Maryam Fallah, Peyman Adibi, Hamidreza Roohafza, Alireza Ani, Leila Azadbakht, Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(2):165-181.
Published online March 11, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0289
Funded: Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran and Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
Association of quantity and quality of fat intake with sleep quality: a cross-sectional study in Iran
Objectives
The association between dietary fat intake and sleep quality remains unclear. This study investigated the impact of both dietary fat quality and quantity on sleep quality.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, participants completed a food frequency questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to assess quantity and quality of fat intake and sleep quality.
Results
A total of 1,904 participants (55% female) were included in the study. Participants in the highest tertile of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) intake, compared with those in the lowest tertile, had significantly higher total sleep quality scores (odds ratio [OR], 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.62) and longer sleep onset latency (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.08–1.83). Participants with higher animal fat intake exhibited higher total sleep quality scores (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.09–1.89) and increased sleep disturbances (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.02–1.83). Among women, those in the highest tertile compared with the lowest tertile showed increased odds of higher total sleep quality scores with total fat (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.04–1.82), PUFA (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.07–1.87), monounsaturated fatty acids (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.09–1.90), saturated fatty acid (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.01–1.77), and animal fat (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.18–2.11).
Conclusion
These findings suggest that higher intakes of PUFA and animal fat are associated with higher total sleep quality scores. When stratified by sex, higher intake of total fat and unsaturated fats was associated with higher total sleep quality scores in women only.
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Metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities as predictors of severe dengue in Vietnamese adults: a retrospective study, 2022–2024
Thang Nhu Doan, Duc Minh Cap
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(2):136-144.
Published online March 19, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0316
Funded: Haiphong University
Metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities as predictors of severe dengue in Vietnamese adults: a retrospective study, 2022–2024
Objectives
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of severe dengue and examine the associations between pre-existing comorbidities and disease severity.
Methods
This retrospective study examined patients with dengue fever who received inpatient treatment at a hospital in northern Vietnam between January 1, 2022, and December 30, 2024. Patients were categorized into 2 groups—severe dengue and non-severe dengue—based on the 2009 World Health Organization criteria. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess factors associated with severe dengue.
Results
Among 3,692 patients, the prevalence of severe dengue was 1.5%. Patients with any pre-existing comorbidity had higher odds of severe dengue compared to those without comorbidities (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20–3.53). Having 2 or more comorbidities was also associated with higher odds of severe dengue (aOR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.18–4.33). Among individual conditions, hyperlipidemia was associated with severe dengue (aOR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.17–4.81). Certain combinations of comorbidities, including hypertension with hyperlipidemia (aOR, 2.88; 95% CI, 1.39–5.97), hypertension with cardiac disease (aOR, 4.39; 95% CI, 1.30–14.79), and hyperlipidemia with cardiac disease (aOR, 4.02; 95% CI, 1.19–13.53), were also associated with higher odds of severe dengue.
Conclusion
Pre-existing comorbidities, particularly cardiometabolic conditions, were associated with higher odds of severe dengue. Considering comorbidity profiles at hospital admission may help identify patients who require closer clinical monitoring.
  • 2,639 View
  • 96 Download
Barriers to treatment completion among drug-sensitive tuberculosis patients: evidence from Indonesia’s tuberculosis surveillance system
Mahalul Azam, Latifa Hanan, Muhammad Azinar, Amelia Fitra Khasanah, Arulita Ika Fibriana, Moch Yunus, Dewi Susanna, Martha Irene Kartasurya, Shabbir Syed-Abdul
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(2):145-154.
Published online March 19, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0325
Funded: UNNES-Taipei Medical University
Barriers to treatment completion among drug-sensitive tuberculosis patients: evidence from Indonesia’s tuberculosis surveillance system
Objectives
This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of loss to follow-up (LTFU) among tuberculosis (TB) patients in Indonesia and to identify associated factors.
Methods
This study analyzed data from the 2022 Tuberculosis Information System in Indonesia. A total of 71,665 drug-sensitive TB patients were included in the analysis. Age, sex, employment status, diagnosis type, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, diabetes mellitus, TB type, mode of treatment, treatment standard, referral status, and type of residence. Categorical variables were analyzed using chi-square tests, followed by multivariable logistic regression to identify confounder-adjusted independent predictors of LTFU.
Results
The prevalence of LTFU was 18.4%. A higher likelihood of LTFU was observed among older adults aged ≥65 years (adjusted-prevalence-odds-ratio [aPOR], 1.862), men (aPOR, 1.187), unemployed individuals (aPOR, 1.136), non-referred patients (aPOR, 1.547), patients with HIV (aPOR, 3.712), and those obtaining TB drugs out of pocket (aPOR, 4.998). The strongest predictor was receipt of non-standard treatment, which was associated with a markedly increased likelihood of LTFU (aPOR, 26.912). In contrast, rural residence demonstrated a protective association (aPOR, 0.610). All associations were statistically significant (p<0.001).
Conclusion
This study highlights a substantial burden of LTFU among TB patients in Indonesia, with nearly one in five patients discontinuing treatment. Multiple sociodemographic and clinical factors—particularly non-standard treatment, non-referral status, and HIV co-infection—were strongly associated with LTFU, underscoring gaps in the TB care continuum. These findings emphasize the need for targeted, patient-centered interventions, strengthened referral pathways, improved communication, and enhanced care coordination to reduce LTFU in high-risk groups.
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  • 125 Download
Time-series decomposition and modeling of dengue cases in Malaysia, 2022–2024: a nationwide observational study
Mohamad Afiq Amsyar Hamedin, Kamarul Imran Musa, Mohd Rahim Sulong
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(1):50-60.
Published online January 27, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0397
Funded: Universiti Sains Malaysia
Time-series decomposition and modeling of dengue cases in Malaysia, 2022–2024: a nationwide observational study
Objectives
This study aimed to examine the temporal dynamics of dengue cases in Malaysia from 2022 to 2024 using seasonal-trend decomposition and time-series modeling. Methods: Weekly dengue case counts from the national registry were analyzed across all states using seasonal-trend decomposition using LOESS (STL) to separate trend, seasonal, and irregular components. Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and seasonal ARIMA (SARIMA) models were fitted to validate temporal structures, with model selection based on the Akaike information criterion (AIC), corrected AIC, and Bayesian information criterion. Diagnostic checks, including residual analysis and Ljung-Box testing, were performed to ensure model adequacy. Results: Dengue incidence showed marked heterogeneity across states. STL decomposition indicated that long-term trends contributed more strongly to case dynamics than seasonality in most states, although seasonal influences were significant in the states of Kedah and Kelantan. Seasonal peak timing varied between states, highlighting differences in epidemic cycles. ARIMA and SARIMA modeling confirmed that no single temporal structure could adequately represent all states; while some series were well fitted by simple ARIMA models, others required seasonal adjustments. Residual diagnostics demonstrated that the selected models were statistically adequate. Conclusion: Dengue dynamics in Malaysia are shaped by both trend and seasonal components, with considerable variation across states. Combining STL decomposition with ARIMA/SARIMA modeling strengthens the evidence base for state-specific forecasting and proactive vector control. Tailoring surveillance systems and interventions to local temporal patterns
  • 2,536 View
  • 156 Download
Trends and risk factors for physical and psychological sequelae of induced abortion: a cross-sectional study of contemporary women in the Republic of Korea
Seung-Ah Choe, Juhyun Park, Eunsol Song, Eunja Park
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(6):552-559.
Published online December 9, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0266
Funded: National Institute of Health research project
Trends and risk factors for physical and psychological sequelae of induced abortion: a cross-sectional study of contemporary women in the Republic of Korea
Objectives
This study aimed to examine trends and factors associated with severe physical and psychological consequences following induced abortion among women in the Republic of Korea.
Methods
An online survey was conducted of adolescent and adult Korean women aged 13 to 64 years, termed the 2022 Sex and Reproductive Health Survey. Respondents who reported a history of induced abortion were analyzed. Logistic regression models that accounted for individual risk factors were fitted to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aOR).
Results
The prevalence of induced abortion was 20.1% (914 of 4,552 respondents). The most frequent indications for abortion were social reasons, and across all periods, approximately half of the women or more reported non-medical challenges at the time of their most recent abortion. Severe physical and psychological sequelae after abortion increased 5-fold from 1980–1992 to 2013–2022. Among those whose most recent abortion occurred in 2003 or later, the risk of severe psychological sequelae was higher in 2013–2022, after the Korean Constitutional Court upheld the existing criminal codes, than in 2003–2012 (aOR, 2.31; 95% confidence interval, 1.09–4.91).
Conclusion
In the absence of institutionalized safe and respectful abortion services, severe physical and psychological sequelae among women who underwent induced abortion were more likely to occur. These findings highlight the importance of safe, affordable, nondiscriminatory, and respectful abortion care.
  • 3,574 View
  • 154 Download
Analysis of factors influencing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and its prediction in Weifang, China from 2013 to 2021
Hui Zhang, Wan-Ying Zhao, Yan-Qing Yang, Xue-Yan Guo, Yi-Han Shi, Qi-Yong Liu, Jing Li
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(6):575-585.
Published online December 16, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0367
Funded: Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, National Natural Science Foundation of China
Analysis of factors influencing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and its prediction in Weifang, China from 2013 to 2021
Objectives
This study aimed to analyze the epidemiology and trends of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Weifang, China (2013–2021) and to guide prevention strategies.
Methods
The study examined the prevalence and incidence trends of HFRS in Weifang (2013–2021). Spearman correlation and wavelet analysis were employed to explore variable relationships and their associations with HFRS incidence. Generalized additive models (GAMs) were used to identify key risk factors, while structural equation modeling (SEM) quantified direct and indirect pathways influencing HFRS transmission. Finally, Bayesian time-series models were applied to predict future HFRS risk.
Results
Weifang reported 2,118 HFRS cases, which displayed distinct seasonality. Spearman correlation linked economic factors (gross domestic product [GDP], crop area, grain output, green space) and meteorological factors (temperature, pressure) to incidence (r>0.8). Wavelet analysis identified Mus musculus (2013–2016) and Rattus norvegicus (2017–2021) as dominant reservoirs, with temperature, precipitation, and humidity correlating with incidence. GAMs revealed a U-shaped relationship between rodent density and HFRS and an inverted U-shaped relationship between temperature (threshold, 11.64 °C) and HFRS. SEM highlighted the direct and indirect effects of climate via rodent density, mirrored by economic factors (e.g., GDP). Bayesian models effectively predicted HFRS (root mean square error, 7.36; mean absolute percentage error, 0.28; R2=0.65).
Conclusion
Climate, economic, and anthropogenic factors drive the spread of HFRS. Prevention strategies should integrate local economic conditions with meteorological and anthropogenic factors. Bayesian time-series modeling effectively predicts HFRS trends, supporting precision prevention strategies.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Epidemiological characteristics and spatiotemporal heterogeneity of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in the Jiaodong Peninsula region, China, 2019–2025
    Xiaofang Guo, Ti Liu, Ruixiao Li, Xueying Tian, Yuwei Zhang, Xiaotong Shi, Qing Duan, Renpeng Li, Zengqiang Kou
    Frontiers in Public Health.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Drivers of Viral Spillover: An Examination of How Pathogens Spread
    Elenoire Sole, Giulia Montalbano, Giuseppe Motta, Maria Maddalena Pansera, Angelina Midiri, Mariarita Iacopino, Paolo Liotta, Giuseppe Mancuso, Carmelo Biondo
    Pathogens.2026; 15(9): 901.     CrossRef
  • 2,193 View
  • 91 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Comparative effectiveness of construal-level messaging in the COVID-19 Vaccine Injury Compensation Program in the Republic of Korea: a randomized controlled trial
Jihyun Moon, Se-Hoon Jeong, Young June Choe, Cho Ryok Kang, Taemi Kim, Dooyoung Kim, Jong-Koo Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(5):486-497.
Published online September 12, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0354
Funded: Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency
Comparative effectiveness of construal-level messaging in the COVID-19 Vaccine Injury Compensation Program in the Republic of Korea: a randomized controlled trial
Objectives
This study aimed to assess the impact of high-level versus low-level construal messages about the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (CVICP) on public attitudes toward the program and COVID-19 vaccination.
Methods
A randomized controlled experimental design was employed. Adults aged 18 to 64 residing in the Republic of Korea were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (high-level construal message) or a control group (low-level construal message). Both groups viewed a 2-minute video about the CVICP, with construal level as the sole variable. Pre- and post-intervention questionnaires evaluated attitudes toward the CVICP and COVID-19 vaccination, including satisfaction, perceived necessity, and perceived effectiveness in enhancing vaccine acceptance. Data were analyzed using the paired t-test, repeated measures 2-way analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression.
Results
The experimental group showed statistically significant improvements across all 6 attitude measures following exposure to the high-level construal message. By contrast, the control group demonstrated significant improvement in only 3 attitudes: satisfaction with the CVICP, willingness to recommend vaccination, and willingness for future vaccination. A significant difference between groups was observed for perceived effectiveness of the CVICP in enhancing vaccine acceptance (p=0.01), with high-level construal messaging being more impactful.
Conclusion
High-level construal messages are more effective than low-level messages in shaping public perceptions and addressing vaccine hesitancy. Policymakers and health authorities should incorporate high-level construal elements into communication strategies to build trust and support for vaccination programs.
  • 2,754 View
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Impact of intimate partner violence during pregnancy on maternal mental health and child development: a birth cohort study in central Vietnam
Han Dai Tri Tran, Cuc Thi Vu, Hoang Thuy Linh Nguyen, Duc Nu Hong Vo, Bao-Yen Luong-Thanh, Thang Van Vo
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(5):453-464.
Published online September 26, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0178
Funded: Hue University
Impact of intimate partner violence during pregnancy on maternal mental health and child development: a birth cohort study in central Vietnam
Objectives
This study measured the impact of prenatal intimate partner violence (p-IPV) on maternal mental health and suspected developmental delays (SDDs) in children at 6 months of age in central Vietnam.
Methods
Data were drawn from a community-based birth cohort of 285 mother–child dyads in Hue citycity, central Vietnam. The exposure factor was p-IPV, assessed using the revised conflict tactics scale (CTS2). Maternal mental health was measured with the patient health questionnaire-9. Child development at 6 months was screened using the Vietnamese version of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, 3rd Edition (ASQ-3). Robust Poisson regression was used to estimate associations of p-IPV with maternal mental health and SDDs.
Results
Among the women, 18.9% reported experiencing p-IPV. SDDs were identified in 13% of the children, with communication delays being the most prevalent (10.9%). The association between p-IPV and SDDs remained significant after adjustment for confounders in multilevel models, with the highest relative risk (RR) observed in the fully adjusted model (RR, 2.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08–5.48). p-IPV exposure was significantly associated with postpartum depression in the crude and partially adjusted models, but this association became non-significant after full adjustment—most notably after accounting for prenatal depression, which remained a predictor of postpartum depression (RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.06–1.25).
Conclusion
p-IPV is significantly associated with increased risk of postpartum depression and developmental delays in early infancy. Integrating IPV screening and targeted interventions into prenatal care may contribute to improved developmental outcomes in children and better maternal health.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Adverse childhood experiences, intimate partner violence, and postpartum depressive symptoms in a pregnancy cohort in Central Vietnam
    Dinh Trung Tran, Binh Thang Tran, Van Thang Vo, Vu Quoc Huy Nguyen, Dinh Duong Le, Thi Tao Tran, Kathy Trang, Kathleen M. Baggett, Kathryn M. Yount
    SSM - Mental Health.2026; 9: 100632.     CrossRef
  • 2,845 View
  • 112 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Association of demographic and biochemical factors with hypercalciuria among Meitei adults in Manipur, Northeast India: a cross-sectional study
Robertson Singh Aheibam, Malvika Yumnam, Erika Pebam, Henry Konjengbam, Suraj Singh Huidrom, Yaiphaba Meitei Sanjenbam
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(5):519-529.
Published online October 17, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0157
Funded: Indian Council of Medical Research
Association of demographic and biochemical factors with hypercalciuria among Meitei adults in Manipur, Northeast India: a cross-sectional study
Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the association of demographic variables and serum calcium with hypercalciuria among the Meitei adult population of Manipur, Northeast India.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 413 participants (272 females and 141 males) aged 19 to 60 years. Participants were selected through a multistage sampling method from 5 valley districts of Manipur. Demographic and biochemical parameters were collected, including serum calcium, creatinine, and spot urine calcium and creatinine levels. One-way analysis of variance, Tukey’s post hoc test, chi-square test, multinomial logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed. The area under the ROC curve was calculated to determine the cut-off value of random urine calcium.
Results
The overall prevalence of hypercalciuria was 18.64%. The incidence of hypercalciuria increased with age; 41 to 60 age group were 3 times more likely to develop hypercalciuria than those in the 19 to 40 age group (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.86–5.47; p<0.001). A significant association (p<0.05) was also found between serum calcium and urine calcium levels. Hypocalcemic individuals were 3.5 times more likely to have hypercalciuria than normocalcemic individuals (95% CI, 1.33–9.31; p=0.01). ROC analysis revealed a predictive cut-off value of 23.07 mg/dL for random urine calcium.
Conclusion
This study demonstrates a high prevalence of hypercalciuria exceeding the global average. Given that Manipur has also been reported to have a high prevalence of kidney stones, this finding indicates a considerable health risk. Early intervention could therefore improve public health outcomes related to calcium and mineral metabolism.
  • 1,931 View
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Genetic diversity and spatiotemporal population structure of Anopheles sinensis in the Republic of Korea based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) marker
Haneul Jung, Bo Gyeong Han, Hyun-Il Shin, Myoung-Ro Lee, Jung-Won Ju, Hee-Il Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(4):348-356.
Published online June 11, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0052
Funded: Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency
Genetic diversity and spatiotemporal population structure of Anopheles sinensis in the Republic of Korea based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) marker
Objectives
Anopheles sinensis is a predominant malaria vector found throughout the Republic of Korea (ROK). Population genetic analysis can provide insights into the origins and migration patterns of malaria vectors by assessing genetic variation and distribution among populations. Methods: In this study, we examined the population genetic structure of An. sinensis in the ROK using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) marker. Results: A total of 903 specimens of An. sinensis were collected from 9 sampling regions, including malaria-endemic and non-endemic areas. All populations displayed characteristics typical of migrant populations, with high haplotype diversity (Hd) and low nucleotide diversity (Pi). Network analysis identified 124 haplotypes grouped into 2 clusters. Both clusters included haplotypes from malaria-endemic and non-endemic areas. Cluster I shared its most recent common ancestry with Chinese reference sequences, while cluster II had related with Japanese reference sequences. Pairwise genetic distance (FST) analysis indicated generally low genetic differentiation among populations. Furthermore, FST values tended to increase proportionally with geographical distance between regions. Analysis of molecular variance confirmed that individual mosquitoes within the population had a large effect on the overall variation. Neutrality tests using 4 methods (Tajima’s D, Fu’s Fs, Fu and Li’s D, and Fu and Li’s F) yielded negative values, suggesting that An. sinensis populations are expanding in all studied regions. Conclusion: This study characterizes the genetic attributes of An. sinensis in the ROK, providing valuable insights into the biology of this important malaria vector and contributing useful data for malaria control strategies.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Artificial intelligence and biohealth: the Republic of Korea’s emerging priorities in health care R&D
    Jong-Koo Lee
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2025; 16(4): 309.     CrossRef
  • 2,858 View
  • 81 Download
  • Crossref
Deep learning-based prognosis of major adverse cardiac events in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a retrospective observational study in the Republic of Korea
Vungsovanreach Kong, Kyung Ah Kim, Ho Sun Shon
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(4):333-347.
Published online July 23, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0120
Funded: National Research Foundation of Korea, National Research Foundation of Korea
Deep learning-based prognosis of major adverse cardiac events in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a retrospective observational study in the Republic of Korea
Objectives
This study developed deep neural network (DNN) models capable of accurately classifying major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after hospital discharge, across 3 follow-up intervals: 1, 6, and 12 months. Methods: DNN models were constructed to predict post-discharge MACE across 4 categories. Multiple traditional machine learning models were implemented as controls to benchmark the performance of our DNN approach. All models were evaluated based on their ability to predict MACE occurrence during the specified follow-up periods. Results: The DNN models demonstrated superior predictive performance over conventional machine learning methods, achieving high accuracies of 0.922, 0.884, and 0.913 for the 1-month, 6-month, and 12-month follow-up periods, respectively. Conclusion: The high accuracy of our DNN models highlights their practical advantages for AMI diagnosis and guidance of follow-up treatment. These models can serve as valuable decision support tools, enabling clinicians to optimize the overall management of AMI patients and potentially enhance their hospitalization experience.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Artificial intelligence and biohealth: the Republic of Korea’s emerging priorities in health care R&D
    Jong-Koo Lee
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2025; 16(4): 309.     CrossRef
  • 3,140 View
  • 106 Download
  • Crossref

Brief Report

Standardizing the approach to clinical-based human microbiome research: from clinical information collection to microbiome profiling and human resource utilization
Jung Wook Kim, Eun Chae Choi, Kwang Jun Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(3):300-307.
Published online April 11, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0319
Funded: Korea National Institute of Health
Standardizing the approach to clinical-based human microbiome research: from clinical information collection to microbiome profiling and human resource utilization
Objectives
This study presents the standardized protocols developed by the Clinical-Based Human Microbiome Research and Development Project (cHMP) in the Republic of Korea.
Methods
It addresses clinical metadata collection, specimen handling, DNA extraction, sequencing methods, and quality control measures for microbiome research.
Results
The cHMP involves collecting samples from healthy individuals and patients across various body sites, including the gastrointestinal tract, oral cavity, respiratory system, urogenital tract, and skin. These standardized procedures ensure consistent data quality through controlled specimen collection, storage, transportation, DNA extraction, and sequencing. Sequencing encompasses both amplicon and whole metagenome methods, followed by stringent quality checks. The protocols conform to international guidelines, ensuring that the data generated are both reliable and comparable across microbiome studies.
Conclusion
The cHMP underscores the importance of methodological standardization in enhancing data integrity, reproducibility, and advancing microbiome-based research with potential applications for improving human health outcomes.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Harnessing Dietary Tryptophan: Bridging the Gap Between Neurobiology and Psychiatry in Depression Management
    Amanda Chabrour Chehadi, Enzo Pereira de Lima, Cláudia Rucco Penteado Detregiachi, Rafael Santos de Argollo Haber, Virgínia Maria Cavallari Strozze Catharin, Lucas Fornari Laurindo, Vitor Engracia Valenti, Cristiano Machado Galhardi, Masaru Tanaka, Sandra
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2026; 27(1): 465.     CrossRef
  • Human Microbiota-Associated Pig Models for Translational Microbiome Research: A Scoping Review
    Seong-Jin Wang, Hao-Yang Nian, Zhi-Hao Chen, Li Cui
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2026; 27(4): 1987.     CrossRef
  • Gut microbiota-regulated tryptophan metabolism in breast cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives
    Jiaxi Yan, Linfeng Qian, Shiqi Chen, Maryam Mohammed Abbas Karekad, Xuanwei Wu, Musheng Xu, Xiaohong Xu
    Frontiers in Oncology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Genome-based medicine in Korea: the Korea National Institute of Health infrastructure for precision medicine
    Hyun-Young Park
    Childhood Kidney Diseases.2026; 30(1): 15.     CrossRef
  • The gut microbiome as a biomarker and modifiable risk factor in Lynch Syndrome
    Verona Sarena Colaco, Annemarie Boleij
    Familial Cancer.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Expanding Landscape of Microbiota Medicine: Indications, Therapeutic Modalities, and the Path Towards Integrative Microbiome‐Targeting Healthcare
    Min Dai, Yisha Lin, Renyou Gan, Xiaotao Shen, Shin Young Park, Sunjae Lee, Qi Su
    Microbiota Medicine Research.2026; 1(2): 63.     CrossRef
  • Gut microbiome biomarkers for colorectal cancer detection: a systematic review highlighting age as a key confounder
    Pankaj Chejara, Anders Eriksson
    Frontiers in Oncology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The gut microbiome organ
    Yang Bi, Weibin Song, Maria Glymenaki, Jie Hu, Xiru Li, Heng Huang, Yousong Peng, Shuaishuai Ni, Ornuma Haonon, Zhu Liu, Krai Daowtak, Xiaotao Shen, Huadong Peng, Jutarop Phetcharaburanin, Huiru Tang, Yulan Wang, Jia V. Li, Mizu Jiang, Nick Powell, Victor
    iMeta.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Forensic Microbiomics and Trace Microbial Evidence: Molecular Innovations for Linking Suspects, Objects, and Environments
    Badal Mavry, Sneha Lohar, Garima Awasthi, Kumud Kant Awasthi, Mahipal Singh Sankhla, Anuj Sharma, Rajeev Kumar, Yogesh Kumar, Ruchi Pathania, Theodoros Varzakas
    Microorganisms.2026; 14(8): 1858.     CrossRef
  • Microbiome-based therapeutics for Clostridioides difficile infection: additive, subtractive, and modulatory strategies in modern clinical practice
    Roxana-Elena Cristian, Corneliu Ovidiu Vrancianu, Marian Constantin, Mihaela Paun, Eduard C. Milea, Dragos Malaescu, Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
    Gut Microbes.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Gut–Skin Axis in Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis: Nutritional Modulation, Microbiome Interactions, and Emerging Precision Approaches
    Raluca-Gabriela Miulescu, Mihnea Costescu, Ruxandra-Cristina Marin, Alina Mușetescu, Călin Muntean, Ioana Roşca, Iris-Iuliana Adam, Alina Ilici, Oana Andreia Coman
    Nutrients.2026; 18(19): 3138.     CrossRef
  • The emerging role of microbiota in neuro-oncology
    Golnaz Morad, Rebecca A. Soto, Nadim J. Ajami, Sherise D. Ferguson, Jennifer A. Wargo
    Nature Reviews Neurology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Associating the oral microbiome across the head and neck cancer continuum: a scoping review
    Nicholas G. Beacher, Marcello Riggio, Adil Khan, Mark C. Butcher, Chris Delaney, David I. Conway
    Critical Reviews in Microbiology.2026; : 1.     CrossRef
  • 4,517 View
  • 96 Download
  • 12 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Original Articles

Design and evaluation of a multi-epitope subunit vaccine against human norovirus using an immunoinformatics approach
Zxcy L. Nonog, Edward C. Banico, Ma. Easter V. Sajo, Pablo V. Serrano, Fredmoore L. Orosco
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(3):236-251.
Published online April 25, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0349
Funded: Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and Development
Design and evaluation of a multi-epitope subunit vaccine against human norovirus using an immunoinformatics approach
Objectives
This study aimed to identify safe, conserved, and highly immunogenic epitopes from all proteins of human-infecting norovirus (NoV) and to design a multi-epitope subunit vaccine construct from these epitopes using an immunoinformatics approach. Additionally, the vaccine construct was evaluated using both sequence- and structure-based assessments.
Methods
Conserved fragments were identified from all proteins of human-infecting NoV, and B and T lymphocyte epitopes were subsequently predicted using multiple epitope prediction tools. The selected epitopes were linked to form a multi-epitope construct, incorporating various adjuvants in the design. Vaccine constructs with different adjuvants were analyzed for their physicochemical properties and immune simulation profiles, and the optimal combination was selected as the final vaccine candidate for further study. Finally, molecular docking and dynamics simulations were performed to visualize the interaction between the construct and a host immune receptor.
Results
Twenty-two safe, conserved, and highly immunogenic epitopes were identified from all human-infecting NoV proteins. The construct adjuvanted with 50S ribosomal protein L7/L12 (50SrpL7/L12) was chosen as the final vaccine candidate due to its optimal physicochemical properties and favorable immune simulation profile. Furthermore, the construct exhibited high binding affinity and a stable interaction with toll-like receptor 4).
Conclusion
The multi-epitope subunit vaccine designed in this study shows promise as a potential NoV vaccine candidate for human immunization. Further in vitro and in vivo experiments are warranted to validate these findings.

Citations

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  • A multi-epitope pan-betacoronavirus vaccine construct predicted to induce broad-spectrum and durable immune responses: an immunoinformatics approach
    Anabella Margareth Arapa, Trina Ekawati Tallei, Rinaldi Idroes, Fatimawali, Elly Juliana Suoth, Maghfirah Savitri, Ahmad Akroman Adam, Beivy Jonathan Kolondam, Chika Yamada, Rosy Iara Maciel de Azambuja Ribeiro, Amama Rani, Moon Nyeo Park, Youdiil Ophinn
    Frontiers in Bioinformatics.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Multi-Domain Approach for Designing of Novel Epitopes-Based Vaccine Against Chandipura Virus
    Alhanouf I. Al-Harbi, Raed Amer Ali Alsahoo, Asad Ullah, Sajjad Ahmad
    Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Immunoinformatics-based design of artificial chimeric proteins as universal vaccine candidates against foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes A, O, and SAT2
    Alyaa Elrashedy, Mohamed Nayel, Akram Salama, Ahmed Zaghawa, Mohamed E. Hasan
    Scientific Reports.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Immunoinformatics-guided design of a multi-epitope mRNA vaccine candidate against Western Equine Encephalitis virus
    Elijah Kolawole Oladipo, Boluwatife Ayobami Irewolede, Stephen Toluwanimi Gbadero, Favour Adebimpe Adebisi, Noor-Al-Hudah Nurudeen, Emmanuel Ololade Oyediran, Rukayat Romoke Tajudeen, Taiwo Dorcas Akinpelu, Christiana Iyanuoluwa Kolapo, Balqis Ajoke Adeji
    The Veterinary Journal: Pharmacology & Toxicology.2026; 1(4): 100019.     CrossRef
  • 6,108 View
  • 143 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Metabolic and systemic inflammation status in rheumatoid arthritis—fasting blood glucose as a primary predictor of rheumatoid arthritis risk: a cross-sectional study in Iran
Sorayya Kheirouri, Mohammad Alizadeh, Arash Tandorost
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(3):252-260.
Published online May 23, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0036
Funded: Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Metabolic and systemic inflammation status in rheumatoid arthritis—fasting blood glucose as a primary predictor of rheumatoid arthritis risk: a cross-sectional study in Iran
Objectives
This study investigated the relationship between metabolic factors (blood lipids and glucose) and inflammatory indicators (tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α] and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP]), disease activity, and the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk.
Methods
Serum fasting blood glucose (FBG) and lipid profiles—including total cholesterol (Chol), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein—were measured in 100 RA patients and 100 healthy individuals. Disease severity was assessed using the disease activity score 28. Inflammatory indicators (TNF-α and hs-CRP) were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.
Results
In RA patients, serum FBG, TG, Chol/HDL, and TG/HDL were significantly elevated, whereas HDL levels reduced compared to healthy individuals. Multivariate analysis indicated that each unit increase in serum FBG, HDL, Chol/HDL, and TG/HDL was associated with a 64% increase (p<0.001), a 7% reduction (p=0.001), a 52% increase (p=0.007), and a 54% increase (p=0.001) in the odds of RA, respectively. Disease activity showed no correlation with metabolic factors (p>0.05). Among all metabolic factors studied, FBG had the largest area under the curve (0.981) (p<0.0001) for predicting RA. Across the total participant group, FBG, TG, and TG/HDL were positively associated with hs-CRP and TNF-α (p<0.05). HDL showed an inverse association with hs-CRP (p=0.008). Among RA patients specifically, TNF-α positively correlated with TG and TG/HDL, while hs-CRP correlated only with TG/HDL.
Conclusion
These findings indicate that increased FBG and Chol/HDL and decreased HDL may elevate RA risk by promoting systemic inflammation. Among these, elevated FBG may serve as the strongest predictor of RA risk.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Roles of immune cell metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis
    Rui Xie, Zeping Chen, Shufang Deng, Xiaofeng Jiang, Yue Feng, Wei Zhao
    Frontiers in Immunology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Rheumatoid Factor Beyond Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Potential Marker of Cardiometabolic and Hepatic Risk
    Simeon Egba, Innocent Orhonigbe, Ngozi Achi, Gavin Ikechukwu, Charles Chukwu, Chukwudi Omeoga
    Biologics: Targets and Therapy.2026; Volume 20: 1.     CrossRef
  • 3,478 View
  • 83 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Short Communication

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis incidence following measles elimination efforts in the Republic of Korea
Young Hwa Lee, Jung Hye Byeon, Cho Ryok Kang, Young June Choe, Jong-Koo Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(3):285-291.
Published online June 9, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0067
Funded: Korea University
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis incidence following measles elimination efforts in the Republic of Korea
Objectives
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare but fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by persistent measles virus infection. After a significant measles outbreak in 2000–2001, the Republic of Korea implemented a nationwide measles elimination program, which led to a dramatic reduction in measles incidence. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of these measles elimination efforts on the incidence of SSPE in the Republic of Korea.
Methods
This nationwide, population-based retrospective cohort study identified patients newly diagnosed with measles and SSPE between 2007 and 2022, registered in the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) and Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA) databases. Population-based incidence rates of measles and SSPE were calculated and compared annually.
Results
A total of 236 measles cases (HIRA data) and 1,168 measles cases (KDCA data), along with 2,736 SSPE cases, were diagnosed during the study period. Measles incidence significantly declined, reaching zero cases in 2021, while SSPE incidence displayed an upward trend, peaking in 2014. The mean age at SSPE onset was 21.2 years, with a marked male-to-female ratio of 13.0:1.
Conclusion
SSPE incidence was remarkably low in the post-outbreak period, likely attributable to successful measles control. This study underscores the critical importance of maintaining low measles incidence through sustained vaccination efforts, preventing SSPE and other measles-related complications.

Citations

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  • Measles subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in children: past and present
    G. P. Ivanova, N. V. Skripchenko, E. Yu. Skripchenk, O. V. Goleva, A. V. Astapova
    Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russ.2026; 71(4): 14.     CrossRef
  • Long-term survival (≥2 years) in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: a systematic review of prolonged survivors
    Ravindra Kumar Garg, Shweta Pandey, Imran Rizvi, Sanjay Singhal
    encephalitis.2026; 6(4): 91.     CrossRef
  • The Republic of Korea’s health system at a turning point: from infectious disease threats to comprehensive reform
    Jong-Koo Lee
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2025; 16(3): 193.     CrossRef
  • Pan-Immune Inflammation Value and Clinical Outcomes in Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis: A Retrospective Study
    Bilge Özgör, Murat Çağlar Şahin, Işınsu Bıçakcıoğlu, Gül Yücel, Meral Karadağ, Serdal Güngör
    Viruses.2025; 18(1): 18.     CrossRef
  • 3,860 View
  • 81 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Original Articles

Multilevel analysis of individual, household, and community factors influencing COVID-19 vaccination intention: evidence from the 2021 Korea Community Health Survey
Ji-seon Seong, Jong-Yeon Kim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(2):169-180.
Published online February 21, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0254
Funded: Kyungpook National University
Multilevel analysis of individual, household, and community factors influencing COVID-19 vaccination intention: evidence from the 2021 Korea Community Health Survey
Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of individual, household, and community-level factors on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination intention using a multilevel analysis. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed raw data from the 2021 Korea Community Health Survey and regional statistics from 255 health centers, with a final sample of 229,216 individuals. Multilevel analysis was conducted, focusing on individual, household, and community-level factors. Individual-level factors included demographics, health status, and COVID-19 concerns; household-level factors included income and marital status; and community-level factors included city type and vaccination rates. Results: At the individual level, significant differences were observed across all variables. At the household level, higher vaccination intention was associated with households of 4 or more members and a monthly income of 4 million Korean won or more. At the community level, higher flu vaccination rates, greater concern about COVID-19 infection, and higher COVID-19 vaccination rates were linked to increased vaccination intention. Conclusion: This study highlights that COVID-19 vaccination intention is influenced by factors at the individual, household, and community levels. Vaccination strategies that integrate household and community-level approaches may be more effective. Policymakers should consider both individual and social health factors when designing vaccination policies.
  • 3,649 View
  • 81 Download
A retrospective study on blood microbiota as a marker for cognitive decline: implications for detecting Alzheimer’s disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment in Republic of Korea
Youngchan Park, Jong-Young Lee, Eek-Sung Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(2):141-151.
Published online March 24, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0329
Funded: Soonchunhyang University, Ministry of Health and Welfare
A retrospective study on blood microbiota as a marker for cognitive decline: implications for detecting Alzheimer’s disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment in Republic of Korea
Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between blood microbiota, specifically bacterial DNA, and cognitive decline in individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). The objective was to identify potential microbial signatures that could serve as biomarkers for cognitive deterioration. Methods: Forty-seven participants were recruited, including 13 with aMCI, 20 with SCD, and 14 normal cognition (NC). Blood samples were collected, and microbial DNA was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Bioinformatics analyses—including α- and β-diversity measures and differential abundance testing (using edgeR)—were employed to assess microbial diversity and differences in bacterial composition among groups. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the predictive impact of the microbiota on cognitive decline. Results: Microbial diversity differed significantly between groups, with NC exhibiting the highest α-diversity. Both the aMCI and SCD groups showed reduced diversity. Taxa such as Bacteroidia, Alphaproteobacteria, and Clostridia were significantly decreased in the aMCI group compared to NC (p< 0.05). In contrast, Gammaproteobacteria increased significantly in the aMCI group compared to both NC and SCD, indicating progressive microbial changes from SCD to aMCI. No significant differences were found between the NC and SCD groups. Conclusion: Distinct bacterial taxa—particularly the increase in Gammaproteobacteria along with decreases in Bacteroidia, Alphaproteobacteria, and Clostridia—are associated with the progression of cognitive decline. These findings suggest that blood microbiota could serve as potential biomarkers for the early detection of aMCI. However, the small sample size and the lack of control for confounding factors such as diet and medication limit the findings. Larger studies are needed to validate these results and further explore the role of microbiota in neurodegeneration.
  • 2,964 View
  • 98 Download
Factors influencing satisfaction with medical services in medically underserved populations: an analytical cross-sectional study at a free medical clinic in the Republic of Korea
Joo Hyun Kim, Yeon Jeong Heo, Jae Bok Kwak, Samil Park, Curie Ahn, So Hee Ahn, Bumjo Oh, Jung Sik Lee, Jun Hyun Lee, Ho Young Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(2):181-191.
Published online March 17, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0325
Funded: Raphael Nanum
Factors influencing satisfaction with medical services in medically underserved populations: an analytical cross-sectional study at a free medical clinic in the Republic of Korea
Objectives
This study aimed to explore factors influencing satisfaction with medical services among medically underserved populations at the free medical clinic, providing data to improve free medical services for these populations. Methods: We employed a descriptive correlational study design involving 112 individuals (aged 19 years and older) from medically underserved populations who visited the clinic. Data were collected through face-to-face surveys from September to October 2023, and statistical analyses (t-tests, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression) were used to identify key predictors of satisfaction. Results: Perceived support from healthcare providers emerged as the strongest predictor of satisfaction with medical services, demonstrating a significant positive association. While social support was positively correlated with perceived support from healthcare providers, it did not independently predict satisfaction. Conclusion: These findings underscore the importance of healthcare provider and social support in increasing satisfaction with medical services among medically underserved populations. Developing tailored healthcare programs and specialized healthcare provider training are essential strategies to improve healthcare access and outcomes for these vulnerable groups.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • How to enhance primary healthcare capacity? Evidence from Chinese provinces through a configurational lens
    Fang Wang, Yi Wang, Jiayi Yang, Liqing Li
    Frontiers in Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 4,260 View
  • 93 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • Crossref
A comparison of health-related quality of life using the World Health Organization Quality of Life–BREF and 5-Level EuroQol-5 Dimensions in the Malaysian population
Andrian Liem, Hui Jun Chih, Vithya Velaithan, Richard Norman, Daniel Reidpath, Tin Tin Su
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(2):126-140.
Published online March 31, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0076
Funded: Monash University, Faculty of Medicine; Nursing and Health Sciences; the Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science and the Faculty of Arts
A comparison of health-related quality of life using the World Health Organization Quality of Life–BREF and 5-Level EuroQol-5 Dimensions in the Malaysian population
Objectives
This study aimed to describe and compare health-related quality of life (QoL) as measured by the World Health Organization Quality of Life–BREF (WHOQoL-BREF) and the EuroQol-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) among the Malaysian population, examining differences by sociodemographic characteristics including age, income, sex, ethnicity, educational level, and occupation. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from 19,402 individuals collected as part of a health and demographic surveillance system survey conducted in the Segamat district of Malaysia in 2018–2019. Descriptive statistics and measures of central tendency were produced. Differences in QoL among demographic sub-groups were examined using the t-test and analysis of variance, while the correlations between the WHOQoL-BREF and EQ-5D were evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: Based on complete case analysis (n=19,129), the average scores for the 4 WHOQoLBREF domains were 28.2 (physical), 24.1 (psychological), 12.0 (social relationships), and 30.4 (environment). The percentages of participants not in full health for each EQ-5D dimension were 12.8% (mobility), 3.1% (self-care), 6.9% (usual activities), 20.9% (pain/discomfort), and 6.8% (anxiety/depression). Correlations between the 4 WHOQoL-BREF domains and the 5 EQ-5D dimensions were relatively weak, ranging from –0.06 (social relationships with self-care and pain/discomfort; p<0.001) to –0.42 (physical with mobility; p<0.001). Conclusion: Although health-related QoL as measured by the WHOQoL-BREF and the EQ-5D are correlated, these 2 measures should not be considered interchangeable. The choice between them should be guided by the specific research questions and the intended use of the data.

Citations

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  • Promoting mental health among at-risk adolescents in Malaysia (MyHeRo): study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a school-based intervention compared with study skills condition for a
    Cecilia A. Essau, Suwaibah Zakaria, Chuong Hock Ting, Julia Ai Cheng Lee, Alejandro de la Torre-Luque, Alvin Lai Oon Ng, Hazreen Abdul Majid, Helen Dodd, Nik Daliana Nik Farid, Noor Azimah Muhammad, Suzaily Wahab
    Trials.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Sociodemographic, lifestyle and health factors associated with psychological health among adults in Malaysia: An ethnic comparison
    Yong Kang Cheah, Hamimatunnisa Johar, Tin Tin Su
    Archives of Psychiatric Nursing.2026; 61: 152081.     CrossRef
  • Validating cancer-specific and generic quality of life (QoL) instruments among patients with head and neck cancers: incorporating the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Head and Neck Module with generi
    Mohsen Saffari, Tzu-Yen Chang, Musheer A. Aljaberi, Kah Ying Yap, An-Chi Li, Jung-Sheng Chen, Shi-Qing Wang, Mark D. Griffiths, Chung-Ying Lin
    Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • AVALIAÇÃO INTEGRADA DO PERFIL SOCIODEMOGRÁFICO, ESTADO NUTRICIONAL, APTIDÃO FÍSICA E QUALIDADE DE VIDA DE IDOSOS ACOMPANHADOS NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE
    Gustavo Bonfim Rocha, Luzia Vitória Sousa Brito, Maria Francidenes de Souza Melo, Edney Souto Pinto, Kathleen Nascimento Carvalho da Silva , Maryanne Marques de Sousa, Pedro Cicero de Sousa, Layza Karyne Farias Mendes, Aldaisa Pereira Lopes , Victor
    RECIMA21 - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar - .2026; 7(8): e788688.     CrossRef
  • A comparative analysis of structural equation modeling and traditional regression analysis in investigating factors affecting health-related quality of life in general Thai population
    Krittaphas Kangwanrattanakul, Apinya Ingard
    Health and Quality of Life Outcomes.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 5,444 View
  • 175 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Review Article

The contribution of dietary total antioxidant capacity to type 2 diabetes risk and levels of glycemic biomarkers: a systematic review
Sorayya Kheirouri, Hamed Alizadeh
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(2):100-115.
Published online March 27, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0337
Funded: Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
The contribution of dietary total antioxidant capacity to type 2 diabetes risk and levels of glycemic biomarkers: a systematic review
Objectives
This study systematically reviewed and analyzed epidemiological evidence regarding the association between dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) and both the risk of developing diabetes and glycemic biomarker levels.
Methods
We searched the PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases through July 2024 without imposing any date restrictions. Original studies that examined the relationship between DTAC and either the risk of developing diabetes or glycemic biomarker levels—specifically fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), insulin, and the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)—were eligible for inclusion. After eliminating duplicates and irrelevant records, relevant studies were selected, and data were extracted through rigorous critical analysis.
Results
A total of 32 articles were included in the review. Of the 19 studies that evaluated diabetes risk, 15 reported a lower risk among subjects with higher DTAC values. All 4 studies examining prediabetes risk found lower risk in participants with high DTAC scores. Additionally, significant inverse relationships were observed between DTAC values and FBG (9/15 studies), HbA1C (1/6 studies), insulin (5/6 studies), and HOMA-IR (8/9 studies).
Conclusion
The majority of evidence indicates that high adherence to an antioxidant-rich diet may reduce diabetes risk and improve glycemic biomarkers, including FBG, insulin, and HOMA-IR.

Citations

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  • Contribution of Dietary Macronutrient Intake and Metabolic Status to Alteration of Blood Cell Parameters in Patients With Metabolic Dysfunction‐Associated Steatotic Liver Disease
    Sorayya Kheirouri, Mohammad Alizadeh, Paniz Forouzesh, Hannah Wesley
    Advances in Public Health.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 4,660 View
  • 133 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Original Article

The first report of antibiotic resistance and virulence factor profiles in multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from Pontianak, Indonesia
Mardhia Mardhia, Delima Fajar Liana, Mahyarudin Mahyarudin, Hariyanto Ih
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(2):160-168.
Published online April 4, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0242
Funded: Universitas Tanjungpura, Pontianak, Indonesia
The first report of antibiotic resistance and virulence factor profiles in multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from Pontianak, Indonesia
Objectives
Klebsiella pneumoniae is known as one of the most common causes of hospitalacquired infections. Its prevalence poses substantial challenges to both hospital and public health systems, particularly due to the rise of multidrug‐resistant strains. Understanding the epidemiology and resistance properties of K. pneumoniae can inform antimicrobial stewardship and infection control programs. A cross-sectional study was employed from November 2021 to November 2023. Methods: A total of 24 isolates underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the disk diffusion method, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production test, and molecular gene detection. Results: The study found that 95.8% of clinical isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant. All isolates were resistant to ampicillin (100%). A high percentage of isolates were resistant to cefazolin (91.7%), ceftriaxone (87.5%), cefotaxime (87.5%), cefepime (87.5%), ciprofloxacin (83.3%), and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (83.3%). Of the 24 isolates, 87.5% harbored ESBL genes, while the frequencies for GES, NDM, SIM, and OXA-48 were 16.7%, 20.8%, 8.3%, and 41.7%, respectively. Notably, the OXA-23 and OXA-51 genes, which are typically associated with Acinetobacter baumannii, were detected in 16.7% and 20.8% of isolates, respectively. Moreover, the prevalence of virulence genes rmpA, acrAB, and tolC was 0%, 95.8%, and 87.5%, respectively. Conclusion: This study demonstrated a high level of antibiotic resistance and a significant presence of virulence genes among K. pneumoniae isolates. Consequently, these findings represent a critical public health issue that requires heightened awareness among all stakeholders, including health workers.

Citations

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  • Computational Modeling of a Novel CTX-M β-Lactamase Escherichia coli Isolated from Yogyakarta, Indonesia Using I-TASSER
    Anggiresti Kinasih, Endah Retnaningrum
    Indonesian Journal of Medical Laboratory Science a.2026; 8(1): 51.     CrossRef
  • Genetic profiling of the tolC component of the acrAB-TolC efflux pump in clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates: a cross-sectional study in Pontianak, Indonesia
    Mardhia Mardhia, Delima Fajar Liana, Sari Eka Pratiwi, Mahyarudin Mahyarudin, Risa Agustina
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2026; 17(3): 254.     CrossRef
  • 4,043 View
  • 140 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Review Article

Comparison and consideration of vaccine injury compensation programs in the Republic of Korea, Japan, and Taiwan
Cho Ryok Kang, Young June Choe, Jihyun Moon, Dooyoung Kim, Taemi Kim, Jong-Koo Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(6):479-488.
Published online November 12, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0129
Funded: Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency
Comparison and consideration of vaccine injury compensation programs in the Republic of Korea, Japan, and Taiwan
This study aimed to establish a foundation for future collaborations aimed at preparing for and responding to infectious diseases by examining the vaccine injury compensation programs (VICPs) of East Asian countries. We reviewed the current status of VICPs in the Republic of Korea, Japan, and Taiwan by searching national government websites and reviewing relevant literature. Additionally, we conducted email inquiries targeting experts from Japan and Taiwan. Through the comprehensive analysis of VICPs in these 3 countries covered various aspects, we identified several similarities and differences in the VICPs across these countries. While the governments of the Republic of Korea, Japan, and Taiwan play a central role in supporting investigations into vaccine injuries and managing compensation procedures based on legal statutes, they differ in terms of financial resources for compensation, the range of vaccines covered, and the criteria for assessing causality. In the Republic of Korea, Japan, and Taiwan, compensation is typically paid in a lump sum, although the specific benefits available vary by country. This study on VICPs in the Republic of Korea, Japan, and Taiwan provides valuable insights for the further development and management of domestic systems.

Citations

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  • The Vaccine That Was Never Mentioned: A Comparative Medico-Legal Analysis of the Duty to Inform and Document Preventive Immunization, with Proposed Practice Guidelines
    Sanit Thongsriratch, Therdpong Thongseiratch, Saratis Pairoh, Puttichart Khantee
    Vaccines.2026; 14(8): 664.     CrossRef
  • Local Vaccine Manufacturing in Saudi Arabia: Examining the Role of National Legal Frameworks and Strategic Policies
    Tareq S. Alshammari
    Beijing Law Review.2025; 16(04): 2147.     CrossRef
  • 12,872 View
  • 128 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
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Original Articles

Factors influencing intentional self-harm in Chungcheongbuk Province relative to the Seoul region in the Republic of Korea: a retrospective study
Hyun-Ju Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(6):497-507.
Published online November 27, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0112
Funded: National Research Foundation of Korea
Factors influencing intentional self-harm in Chungcheongbuk Province relative to the Seoul region in the Republic of Korea: a retrospective study
Objectives
This study investigated factors influencing intentional self-harm in Chungcheongbuk Province (hereinafter, Chungbuk) compared to Seoul in the Republic of Korea.
Methods
Raw data from the Discharge In-depth Injury Survey conducted by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency were utilized. From 2,329,149 cases recorded over 9 years (2013–2021), 911 were identified as intentional self-harm cases (248 from Chungbuk and 633 from Seoul). We analyzed the differences in and influencing factors of intentional self-harm in Chungbuk relative to Seoul using the independent sample t-test, chi-square test, and binomial logistic regression analysis.
Results
Intentional self-harm was found to be 1.232 times more prevalent among females than males (p<0.05); 2.327 times more prevalent among middle-aged and older adults, ages 50 to 64, compared to those under 50 years old (p<0.01); 8.603 times more prevalent among those using hospitals with fewer than 500 beds compared to those with 500 beds or more (p<0.001); 2.412 times more prevalent among individuals using hospitals in different regions compared to those within the same region (p<0.01); 2.217 times more prevalent among those attempting intentional self-harm during daily activities compared to other specified activities (p<0.01); and 6.987 times more prevalent among those using pesticides or herbicides compared to other poisons (p<0.001) in Chungbuk relative to Seoul.
Conclusion
In the Chungbuk region, intentional self-harm prevention programs should be implemented, specifically targeting women, particularly those aged 50 to 64. Additionally, due to the high incidence of intentional self-harm involving pesticides or herbicides in Chungbuk, these substances should be stringently monitored to restrict access.
  • 3,181 View
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Molecular characteristics of drug-susceptible Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates based on treatment duration
Eon-Min Ko, Jinsoo Min, Hyungjun Kim, Ji-A Jeong, Sungkyoung Lee, Seonghan Kim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(5):385-394.
Published online September 30, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0101
Funded: National Institute of Health research project, National Institute of Health research project
Molecular characteristics of drug-susceptible Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates based on treatment duration
Objectives
In this study, we performed comparative genomic and transcriptomic analysis of clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis collected from patients with drug-susceptible tuberculosis (DS-TB). The clinical isolates were categorized based on treatment duration: standard 6 months or >6 months.
Methods
Study participants were recruited from a 2016 to 2018 tuberculosis cohort, and clinical M. tuberculosis isolates were collected from the sputum of patients with tuberculosis. We analyzed the genome and transcriptome of the isolated M. tuberculosis.
Results
Genomic analysis revealed a specific non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism in pe_pgrs9 and ppe34, exclusive to the group treated for >6 months. Transcriptomic analysis revealed increased expression of various virulence-associated protein family genes and decreased expression of ribosomal protein genes and ppe38 genes in the group treated for >6 months.
Conclusion
The identified genetic variation and gene expression patterns may influence treatment outcomes by modulating host immune responses, increasing virulence, and potentially contributing to persister cell formation in M. tuberculosis. This study provides insights into the genetic and transcriptomic factors associated with prolonged DS-TB treatment. However, our study identified molecular characteristics using a small sample size, and further detailed studies are warranted.

Citations

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  • Transcriptomic and genomic analysis of successful Ethiopian Mycobacterium tuberculosis sub-lineage 4.2.2.2 reveals differential expression of DosR-regulated genes
    Tesfaye Gebreyohannis Hailemariam, Abaysew Ayele, Tesfaye Gelanew, Michael Brennan, Kayleigh Floyd, Zemedkun Abebe Debella, Workineh Shibeshi, Kidist Bobosha, Yonas K. Hirutu, Simon J. Waddell, Ephrem Engidawork
    Scientific Reports.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • RNA extraction and RNA-sequencing method for transcriptomic analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
    Morgan R. Hiebert, Meenu K. Sharma, Alwyn Go, Christine Bonner, Vanessa Laminman, Morag Graham, Hafid Soualhine
    BioTechniques.2025; 77(1): 23.     CrossRef
  • 5,833 View
  • 97 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Methodology of comparative studies on the relative effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines: a systematic review
Erdenetuya Bolormaa, Jiae Shim, Young-Sook Choi, Donghyok Kwon, Young June Choe, Seung-Ah Choe
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(5):395-408.
Published online October 15, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0063
Funded: Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency
Methodology of comparative studies on the relative effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines: a systematic review
Objectives
This study aimed to comprehensively outline the methodological approaches used in published research comparing the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines.
Methods
A systematic search was conducted on June 13, 2024, to identify comparative studies evaluating the effectiveness of mRNA versus non-mRNA and monovalent versus bivalent COVID-19 vaccines. We screened titles, abstracts, and full texts, collecting data on publication year, country, sample size, study population composition, study design, VE estimates, outcomes, and covariates. Studies that reported relative VE (rVE) were analyzed separately from those that did not.
Results
We identified 25 articles comparing rVE between mRNA and non-mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, as well as between monovalent and bivalent formulations. Among the studies assessing VE by vaccine type, 126 did not provide rVE estimates. Comparative VE studies frequently employed retrospective cohort designs. Among the definitions of rVE used, the most common were hazard ratio and absolute VE, calculated as (1−odds ratio)×100. Studies were most frequently conducted in the United Kingdom and the United States, and the most common outcome was infection. Most targeted the general population and assessed the VE of mRNA vaccines using the AstraZeneca vaccine as a reference. A small proportion, 7.3% (n=11), did not adjust for any variables. Only 3 studies (2.0%) adjusted for all core confounding variables recommended by the World Health Organization.
Conclusion
Few comparative studies of COVID-19 vaccines have incorporated rVE methodologies. Reporting rVE and employing a consistent set of covariates can broaden our understanding of COVID-19 vaccines.

Citations

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  • Protection from second booster vaccines and natural immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infections, 2022–2023
    Dritan Bejko, Anne Vergison, Saverio Stranges, Joël Mossong, Maurice Zeegers
    Epidemiology and Infection.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 8,871 View
  • 92 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Identifying risk factors for COVID-19 cluster infections in schools in the Republic of Korea: a case-control study
Jihyun Choi, Seongju Choi, Baigu Lee, Young-Joon Park, Sang Eun Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(4):375-382.
Published online July 11, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0351
Funded: Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency
Identifying risk factors for COVID-19 cluster infections in schools in the Republic of Korea: a case-control study
Objectives
No study has yet analyzed risk factors to determine whether students with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections may affect students at neighboring schools. Therefore, this study aimed to determine risk factors for COVID-19 transmission among schools within a community in the Republic of Korea.
Methods
An epidemiological investigation was conducted among 696 students and school staff members at 3 schools where COVID-19 clusters began on October 15, 2021. Interviews, visit history surveys, a facility risk assessment, and closed-circuit television were used to identify risk factors. The statistical significance of risk factors was also evaluated.
Results
We confirmed 129 cases (18.5%) among the individuals exposed to COVID-19 at the 3 schools, many of whom had a history of visiting the same multi-use facilities. The odds ratio of having visited multi-use facilities such as karaoke rooms was 1.90 (95% confidence interval, 1.03–3.50); the number of visits to a karaoke room and the visit durations were significantly higher among confirmed cases than non-confirmed cases (p=0.02 and p=0.03, respectively).
Conclusion
Having a history of visiting karaoke rooms often and spending a long time there were risk factors for COVID-19 infection and inter-school transmission. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the status of multi-use facilities frequently visited by adolescents and consider incorporating them into the scope of school quarantine to prevent infectious diseases at schools in a community.
  • 5,122 View
  • 88 Download
Impact of COVID-19 on human immunodeficiency virus tests, new diagnoses, and healthcare visits in the Republic of Korea: a retrospective study from 2016 to 2021
Yeonju Kim, Eonjoo Park, Yoonhee Jung, Koun Kim, Taeyoung Kim, Hwa Su Kim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(4):340-352.
Published online August 1, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0123
Funded: Veterans Health Service Medical Center Research Grant
Impact of COVID-19 on human immunodeficiency virus tests, new diagnoses, and healthcare visits in the Republic of Korea: a retrospective study from 2016 to 2021
Objectives
Public health workers have been at the forefront of treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and managing the pandemic. The redeployment of this workforce has limited or interrupted other public health services, including testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This study aims to examine the impact of COVID-19 on HIV testing and diagnosis in the Republic of Korea from 2016 to 2021, comparing data before and after the onset of COVID-19.
Methods
Annual HIV testing data were collected from each institution through direct communication or from open-source databases. The annual number of new HIV cases was obtained from the official report of the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. Data on healthcare visits for HIV diagnosis or treatment were extracted from the open-source database of the National Insurance Health Service of Korea. Interrupted time series regression was conducted, stratified by institution type.
Results
In 2020, HIV tests, diagnoses, and visits decreased. Notably, public health centers experienced a substantial reduction in 2020−2021 compared to previous years. The annual percentage change in HIV tests was −53.0%, while for HIV diagnoses, it was −31.6%. The decrease in visits for HIV was also most pronounced for public facilities: −33.3% in 2020 and −45.6% in 2021 relative to 2019.
Conclusion
The numbers of tests, diagnoses, and healthcare visits for HIV at public health centers in the Republic of Korea substantially decreased in 2020 and 2021. The impacts of these changes on the early diagnosis and treatment of HIV necessitate further monitoring.

Citations

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  • Multidimensional Trends and AI-Based Forecasts of HIV Incidence in Korea, 1985–2024
    Seungho Baek, Haneol Cho, Chansoo Kim, Yeonju Kim
    Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Trends in HIV testing and Seroprevalence among key populations at public health centers in South Korea, 2011–2023: a nationwide analysis
    Jin-Sook Wang, Eun Ji Kim, Gayeong Kim, Seolhui Kim, Heui Man Kim, Na Rae Jo, Tae-Young Heo, Myung-Guk Han
    BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Epidemiological Characteristics of HIV-Infected Individuals by the Registration for Special Exempted Calculation: A Nationwide Cohort Study
    Yunsu Choi, Kyoung Hwan Ahn, Soo Min Kim, Bo Youl Choi, Jungsoon Choi, Jung Ho Kim, Shin-Woo Kim, Youn Jeong Kim, Yoon Hee Jun, Bo Young Park
    Infection & Chemotherapy.2024; 56(4): 510.     CrossRef
  • 4,995 View
  • 73 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Novel prophylactic and therapeutic multi-epitope vaccine based on Ag85A, Ag85B, ESAT-6, and CFP-10 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using an immunoinformatics approach
Muhammad Fikri Nugraha, Daniel Alexander Changestu, Rizky Ramadhan, Tasya Salsabila, Arsila Nurizati, Sari Eka Pratiwi, Ysrafil Ysrafil
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(4):286-306.
Published online July 26, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0026
Funded: Direktorat Pembelajaran dan Kemahasiswaan (Belmawa) Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology
Novel prophylactic and therapeutic multi-epitope vaccine based on Ag85A, Ag85B, ESAT-6, and CFP-10 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using an immunoinformatics approach
Objectives
Current tuberculosis (TB) control strategies face limitations, such as low antibiotic treatment compliance and a rise in multidrug resistance. Furthermore, the lack of a safe and effective vaccine compounds these challenges. The limited efficacy of existing vaccines against TB underscores the urgency for innovative strategies, such as immunoinformatics. Consequently, this study aimed to design a targeted multi-epitope vaccine against TB infection utilizing an immunoinformatics approach.
Methods
The multi-epitope vaccine targeted Ag85A, Ag85B, ESAT-6, and CFP-10 proteins. The design adopted various immunoinformatics tools for cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), helper T lymphocyte (HTL), and linear B lymphocyte (LBL) epitope prediction, the assessment of vaccine characteristics, structure modeling, population coverage analysis, disulfide engineering, solubility prediction, molecular docking/dynamics with toll-like receptors (TLRs), codon optimization/cloning, and immune simulation.
Results
The multi-epitope vaccine, which was assembled using 12 CTL, 25 HTL, and 21 LBL epitopes associated with CpG adjuvants, showed promising characteristics. The immunoinformatics analysis confirmed the antigenicity, immunogenicity, and lack of allergenicity. Physicochemical evaluations indicated that the proteins were stable, thermostable, hydrophilic, and highly soluble. Docking simulations suggested high-affinity binding to TLRs, including TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9. In silico immune simulation predicted strong T cell (cytokine release) and B cell (immunoglobulin release) responses.
Conclusion
This immunoinformatics-designed multi-epitope vaccine targeting Ag85A, Ag85B, ESAT-6, and CFP-10 proteins showed promising characteristics in terms of stability, immunogenicity, antigenicity, solubility, and predicted induction of humoral and adaptive immune responses. This suggests its potential as a prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine against TB.

Citations

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  • Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a comprehensive review of pathogenesis, drug resistance, current treatment and future prospects
    Shweta Tiwari, Ankit Kumar Singh, Aarshu Acharya, Joyabroto Ghosh, Rashmi Prabha Singh
    Archives of Microbiology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Genome-Guided Mining and Integrated in Silico Approach Uncover Potential of Streptomyces Secondary Metabolites as Multi-Target Agents Against Candida albicans Biofilm Formation
    Ismail Ismail, Sylvia Utami Tunjung Pratiwi, Ema Damayanti, Jaka Widada, Ysrafil Ysrafil, Syamsu Nur, Abdul Halim Umar, Ira Handayani, Shanti Ratnakomala
    Network Modeling Analysis in Health Informatics an.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Domain arrangement–driven immunogenicity of a computationally designed mRNA vaccine targeting PPE68, IrtA, and PE9 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
    Theerawat Dobutr, Elena Stylianou, Helen McShane, Nawamin Pinpathomrat
    Scientific Reports.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • In silico framework for designing and validating a multi-stage subunit vaccine against Tuberculosis using reverse vaccinology approach
    Ayesha Liaqat, Kubra Dastgir, Muhammad Sajjad, Hafiz Muzzammel Rehman, Muhammad Waheed Akhtar, Masoud Foroutan
    PLOS One.2026; 21(8): e0356788.     CrossRef
  • Computationally guided multi-epitope vaccine design targeting oncoprotein BZLF1, EBNA1, LMP1, and LMP2 for of EBV associated gastric cancer
    Elvin Delonio, Ysrafil Ysrafil, Herlina Eka Shinta, Sari Eka Pratiwi
    Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Antigen 85B of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: From Immunodominant Antigen to Vaccine Candidate
    Vivek Chauhan, Gaytri Mahajan, Rakesh Kumar, Shrikanth S. Gadad, Subhash C. Chauhan, Chinnaswamy Jagannath, Subramanian Dhandayuthapani
    Vaccines.2026; 14(9): 811.     CrossRef
  • Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant BCG expressing a multi-epitope vaccine against mycobacterium tuberculosis
    Xuan-ji Zhang, Jia-rui Luo, Ting-ting Tian, Juan Shi, Zheng-long Chai, Chuang Li, Si-yu Zhang, Tao Qu, Feng-bo Zhang, Yue-jie Zhu
    Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Computational systems immunology and multi-scale modeling for the design of a Multi-Epitope Vaccine (MEV) against emerging multidrug-resistant Klebsiella michiganensis
    Rasha Assad Assiri, Fayez M. Saleh, Sher Muhammad, Emmanuel O. Fenibo, Tonderayi Matambo
    International Microbiology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • In Silico Targeting and Immunological Profiling of PpiA in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Computational Approach
    Mohammad J. Nasiri, Lily Rogowski, Vishwanath Venketaraman
    Pathogens.2025; 14(4): 370.     CrossRef
  • New Advances in the Development and Design of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Vaccines: Construction and Validation of Multi-Epitope Vaccines for Tuberculosis Prevention
    Osnat Barazani, Thomas Erdos, Raafi Chowdhury, Gursimratpreet Kaur, Vishwanath Venketaraman
    Biology.2025; 14(4): 417.     CrossRef
  • In-silico epitope-based vaccines design: progress, challenges and the road ahead
    Federica Cernuto, Avisa Maleki, Giulia Russo, Valentina Di Salvatore, Francesco Pappalardo
    Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery.2025; 20(12): 1701.     CrossRef
  • Design of multi-epitope-based therapeutic vaccine candidates from HBc and HBx proteins of hepatitis B virus using reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics approaches
    Patricia Gita Naully, Marselina Irasonia Tan, Husna Nugrahapraja, Aluicia Anita Artarini, Reza Aditama, Ernawati Arifin Giri-Rachman, Sheikh Arslan Sehgal
    PLOS ONE.2024; 19(12): e0313269.     CrossRef
  • 8,020 View
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A Mycobacterium bovis outbreak among exhibition animals at a zoo in the Republic of Korea: the first contact investigation of zoonotic tuberculosis
Hye Young Lee, Yunhyung Kwon, Sang-Eun Lee, Jieun Kim, Hoyong Choi
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(3):248-259.
Published online May 17, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0228
Funded: Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency
A Mycobacterium bovis outbreak among exhibition animals at a zoo in the Republic of Korea: the first contact investigation of zoonotic tuberculosis
Objectives
Between July 2, 2021, and September 20, 2022, a Mycobacterium bovis outbreak occurred among exhibition animals at a zoo in the Republic of Korea. This study was conducted to assess the likelihood of M. bovis transmission to human contacts through a contact investigation and to implement preventive treatment for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Methods: In this descriptive study, the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency conducted a contact investigation, which included interviews, interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) tests, and chest X-rays. Contacts underwent IGRA testing on 2 occasions: initial testing of 29 contacts (15 in the first cluster of infection and 14 in the second cluster) and follow-up testing of the 15 contacts in the first cluster. Results: The study included 29 participants, 18 of whom were male (62.1%) and 11 female (37.9%). The mean participant age was 37.3 years (standard deviation, 9.6 years). In the initial IGRA tests, 6 of the 29 participants tested positive, indicating a prevalence of 20.7%. Following prolonged exposure, 1 additional positive case was detected in follow-up testing, raising the prevalence of LTBI to 24.1%. None of the contacts had active tuberculosis. Among the 7 individuals with positive results, 2 (28.6%) underwent treatment for LTBI. Conclusion: This study faced challenges in confirming the transmission of M. bovis infection from infected animals to humans in the Republic of Korea. Nevertheless, adopting a One Health approach necessitates the implementation of surveillance systems and infection control protocols, particularly for occupational groups at high risk of exposure.

Citations

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  • First Report of Mycobacterium bovis and Nocardia spp. Co-Infection in a Roan Antelope
    Luca Botta, Matteo Cuccato, Neva Cormio, Veronica Crocchianti, Maria Goria, Emanuelle Bergeron, Delphine Mouniée, Veronica Rodriguez Nava, Frine Eleonora Scaglione
    Animals.2026; 16(11): 1721.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and molecular characterization of enteric zoonotic pathogens in zoo-housed mammals in Korea
    Hyo-Min Woo, In Jung Jung, Beoul Kim, You-Jeong Lee, Jae-Woo Choi, Insu Choi, Garam Kim, Weon-Hwa Jheong, Byoungcheun Lee, Kyoo-Tae Kim, Min-Goo Seo
    One Health.2026; 23: 101568.     CrossRef
  • Identification of zoonotic pathogens in zoo animals in the Republic of Korea
    Jinho Um, Jeongho Kim, Seok-Jin Cho, Min-ho Park, Hyung-Chul Cho, Yu-Jin Park, Kyoung-Seong Choi
    International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites .2025; 27: 101067.     CrossRef
  • First report of human Mycobacterium bovis infection in a veterinary laboratory worker in the Republic of Korea
    Ji-Yeon Lee, Seong Wook Pyo, Jieun Kim, Young-Joon Park
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2025; 16(3): 292.     CrossRef
  • 6,410 View
  • 129 Download
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The association between living arrangements and health-related quality of life in Korean older people: a nationwide repeated cross-sectional study
Eunok Park, Philip Larkin, Zee-A Han
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(3):221-228.
Published online May 23, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0273
Funded: Jeju National University
The association between living arrangements and health-related quality of life in Korean older people: a nationwide repeated cross-sectional study
Objectives
This study investigated the association between living arrangements and healthrelated quality of life (HRQoL) in older people. Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted of 6,153 participants (aged ≥60 years) from the seventh Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016 to 2018). HRQoL was measured using the 3-level version of the EuroQol 5-dimensional questionnaire. The chi-square test, t-test, and multiple regression were used, applying sampling weights for the analysis. Results: The proportion of respondents living alone was 18.0%, with a higher prevalence among women and older age groups (p<0.001). The overall HRQoL was lower in groups living alone than in groups living with others (p<0.001). Older people living alone showed higher impairments in all dimensions of the 3-level version of the European Quality of Life 5-Dimensional Questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L) than those living with others, including mobility (p<0.001), self-care (p<0.001), usual activities (p<0.001), pain/discomfort (p<0.001), and depression/anxiety (p<0.001). Problems with mobility were most prevalent (42.8%), followed by pain/ discomfort (41.9%) in respondents living alone. Living alone was significantly associated with a lower HRQoL index score (b=–0.048, p<0.001) after adjusting for age, gender, education, exercise, perceived stress, and perceived health status. Conclusion: Living alone was negatively associated with HRQoL. Based on this study, future care planning for older people should consider their living arrangements. The need to strengthen and expand care programs targeting those living alone should also be addressed.

Citations

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  • Quality of life in later years: A comprehensive review of elderly well-being in India
    Sandhya Bharathi Shanmugasundaram, Pitchaimani Govindharaj, Srihari Ramamoorthy, Vijayalakshmi Purusothaman
    International Journal of Noncommunicable Diseases.2026; 11(2): 82.     CrossRef
  • Factors Related to Quality of Life Among Older Adults with Family Care Vulnerability in Semi-Urban Areas of Thailand
    Arun Boonsang, Laksanee Boonkhao, Nittaya Chakhamrun, Aree Butsorn, Sanga Tubtimhin, Pongsak Rattanachaikunsopon, Sanguansin Ratanalert
    Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare.2026; Volume 19: 1.     CrossRef
  • Occupational Balance, Quality of Life, and Recovery Among Older Mental Health Service Users—A Cross-Sectional Study
    Carina Tordai, Steven M. Schmidt, Elisabeth Argentzell, Mona Eklund
    Occupational Therapy In Health Care.2026; : 1.     CrossRef
  • Association between health-related quality of life and noncommunicable diseases in South Korea
    Seungjae Byun, Kyeongeun Kim, Min Seong Kim, Guillaume Fond, Laurent Boyer, Guillermo F. López Sánchez, Jiseung Kang, Dong Keon Yon
    Medicine.2026; 105(37): e50564.     CrossRef
  • Preventing depression in older adults with chronic illnesses through the SMART Elderly Program: a quasi-experimental study in Central Thailand
    Phongsakorn Toopboochakorn, Nanthawan Nilpayak, Phornphimon Hotarat, Wanida Jaroensuk, Phannathat Tanthanapanyakorn
    Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2026; 47(5): 405.     CrossRef
  • Convergent validity, reliability and responsiveness of the AP-7D and EQ-5D-5L based on the survey for the general people in five countries: a new cultural-specific preference-based measure developed in east and southeast asia
    Yuta Suzuki, Takeru Shiroiwa, Tatsunori Murata, Emi Kamono, Yasuhiro Morii, Takashi Fukuda
    Health and Quality of Life Outcomes.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 5,107 View
  • 115 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Prevalence and patterns of post-COVID-19 symptoms in recovered patients of Delhi, India: a population-based study
Nidhi Bhatnagar, Mongjam Meghachandra Singh, Hitakshi Sharma, Suruchi Mishra, Gurmeet Singh, Shivani Rao, Amod Borle, Tanu Anand, Naresh Kumar, Binita Goswami, Sarika Singh, Mahima Kapoor, Sumeet Singla, Bembem Khuraijam, Nita Khurana, Urvi Sharma, Suneela Garg
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(3):229-237.
Published online May 17, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0251
Funded: Indian Council of Medical Research, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India
Prevalence and patterns of post-COVID-19 symptoms in recovered patients of Delhi, India: a population-based study
Objectives
Post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms were widely reported. However, data on post-COVID-19 conditions following infection with the Omicron variant remained scarce. This prospective study was conducted to understand the prevalence, patterns, and duration of symptoms in patients who had recovered from COVID-19. Methods: A prospective study was conducted across 11 districts of Delhi, India, among individuals who had recovered from COVID-19. Study participants were enrolled, and then returned for post-recovery follow-up at 3 months and 6 months interval. Results: The mean age of study participants was 42.07 years, with a standard deviation of 14.89 years. The majority of the participants (79.7%) reported experiencing post-COVID-19 symptoms. The most common symptoms included joint pain (36.0%), persistent dry cough (35.7%), anxiety (28.4%), and shortness of breath (27.1%). Other symptoms were persistent fatigue (21.6%), persistent headache (20.0%), forgetfulness (19.7%), and limb weakness (18.6%). The longest duration of symptom was observed to be anxiety (138.75±54.14 days), followed by fatigue (137.57±48.33 days), shortness of breath (131.89±60.21 days), and joint pain/swelling (131.59±58.76 days). At the first follow-up visit, 2.2% of participants presented with abnormal electrocardiogram readings, but no abnormalities were noticed during the second follow-up. Additionally, 4.06% of participants exhibited abnormal chest X-ray findings at the first followup, which decreased to 2.16% by the second visit. Conclusion: The most frequently reported post-COVID-19 symptoms were joint pain, dry cough, anxiety and shortness of breath. These clinical symptoms persisted for up to 6 months, with evidence of multi-system involvement. Consequently, findings highlighted the need for long-term follow-up during the post-COVID-19 period.

Citations

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  • Prevalence of post-COVID symptoms across variants of concern and follow-up periods: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Eiron John Lugtu, Delfin Ynigo Pilapil IV, Mikhail Harvey Cabunoc, Joshua Lawrence Bautista, Francis Matthew Pleta, Jeremy Ace Ng, Farid Shahid, Timothy Hudson David Culasino Carandang, Giuseppe Lippi, Brandon Michael Henry, César Fernández-de-las-Peñas,
    International Journal of Infectious Diseases.2026; 166: 108522.     CrossRef
  • Factors involved in the improvement of prolonged symptoms in patients with COVID-19 treated with Japanese traditional (Kampo) medicine: A single-center, prospective, observational study
    Tsuyoshi Kawamura, Junko Kohno, Akiko Kikuchi, Ryutaro Arita, Shin Takayama, Tadashi Ishii
    Medicine.2026; 105(12): e48084.     CrossRef
  • Post-COVID syndrome in Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh: a systematic narrative review of epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and healthcare system responses
    Amani S. Alrossies
    Frontiers in Public Health.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Post-COVID-19 Manifestation Persistence and Its Resolution: A Prospective Comparative Study From Hazaribagh, Jharkhand, India
    Iqbal Farooqui, Mithilesh Kumar
    Cureus.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Quality of life post-COVID recovery: A prospective observational study, North India
    Amod Laxmikant Borle, Mongjam Meghachandra Singh, Gurmeet Singh, Nidhi Bhatnagar, Shivani Rao, Tanya Singh, Binita Goswami, Sarika Singh, Sumeet Singla, Tanu Anand
    The Indian Journal of Medical Research.2025; 161: 722.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and pattern of post COVID-19 health problems among adults attending post COVID-19 clinics of selected tertiary care centres in Kolkata
    Uma Rani Adhikari, Manju Patra
    International Journal Of Community Medicine And Pu.2025; 12(10): 4443.     CrossRef
  • 6,719 View
  • 191 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Effects of aquatic versus land-based exercise on irisin and fibroblast growth factor 21 expression and triiodothyronine and free fatty acid levels in elderly women
Du-Wang Kang, Su-Han Koh, Min-Kyo Kim, Do-Yeon Kim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(3):238-247.
Published online May 17, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0394
Funded: Pusan National University
Effects of aquatic versus land-based exercise on irisin and fibroblast growth factor 21 expression and triiodothyronine and free fatty acid levels in elderly women
Objectives
This study investigated the impacts of exercise on irisin and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) expression, as well as triiodothyronine (T3 ) and free fatty acid (FFA) levels in elderly women. Methods: Thirty women aged 65 to 70 years (10 per group) were randomly assigned to aquatic exercise, land exercise, and control groups. The aquatic and land groups engaged in 3 exercise sessions per week (60 min/session) for 16 weeks. The intensity was progressively increased every 4 weeks. Results: Irisin and FGF-21 levels significantly increased in the aquatic exercise group. In the posttest, the aquatic exercise group had the highest irisin levels. Significant findings were observed for irisin and FGF-21 for the main effect between aquatic and band exercise groups (p<0.05 for both), the main effect between measurement times (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively), and the interaction effect (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively). The irisin level was significantly higher in the aquatic than in the land group 30 minutes after the last session (p<0.05). In both exercise groups, T3 levels were significantly higher 30 minutes after the final session (p<0.05) than before the program. The FFA level was significantly higher in the aquatic exercise group than the others. In the aquatic group, FFA levels were significantly higher 30 minutes after both the first (p<0.01) and the last (p<0.001) session compared to pre-program values. Conclusion: Differences in exercise type and environment can promote fat metabolism by stimulating hormonal changes that induce brown fat activity and browning.

Citations

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  • Effects of aquatic exercise on improving body composition and muscle strength in the older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    Yuan Gao, Wenze Deng, Qiancheng Zeng, Yichen Liu, Xiaofu Tang, Sitian Fang, Liang Hao, Hongbo Li
    Frontiers in Public Health.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effects of Different Training Modalities on Circulating Irisin Levels in Overweight and Obesity Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
    Keyvan Hejazi, Gholam Rasul Mohammad Rahimi, Ayoub Saeidi, Khadija Ayed, Ismail Laher, Juan Del Coso, Anthony C. Hackney, Urs Granacher, Hassane Zouhal
    Sports Medicine.2026; 56(9): 2231.     CrossRef
  • Exerkines in precision management of metabolic diseases
    Leigang Jin, Yifen Lin, Yixuan Zheng, Anli Wang, Peng Liao, Yucheng Luo, Zhongheng Sui, Xiayun Ni, Jianan Zhang, Qing Shen, Aimin Xu
    Chinese Medical Journal.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Irisin: Its significance in the diagnosis and treatment of post-stroke depression
    Chengyan Han, Ruixue Guan, Jianxing Zhao, Peng Sun
    Journal of Psychiatric Research.2025; 191: 285.     CrossRef
  • 4,995 View
  • 102 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Brief Report

Replication kinetics and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant sublineages recovered in the Republic of Korea
Jeong-Min Kim, Dongju Kim, Jee Eun Rhee, Cheon Kwon Yoo, Eun-Jin Kim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(3):260-264.
Published online June 27, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0216
Funded: Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency
Replication kinetics and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant sublineages recovered in the Republic of Korea
Objectives
We analyzed the correlation between the infectivity and transmissibility of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron sublineages BA.1, BA. 2, BA.4, and BA.5. Methods: We assessed viral replication kinetics and infectivity at the cellular level. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal specimens were obtained from patients with coronavirus disease 2019, confirmed using whole-genome sequencing to be caused by the Omicron sublineages BA.1, BA.2, BA.4, or BA.5. These specimens were used to infect Vero E6 cells, derived from monkey kidneys, for the purpose of viral isolation. Viral stocks were then passaged in Vero E6 cells at a multiplicity of infection of 0.01, and culture supernatants were harvested at 12-hour intervals for 72 hours. To evaluate viral replication kinetics, we determined the cycle threshold values of the supernatants using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and converted these values to genome copy numbers. Results: The viral load was comparable between BA.2, BA.4, and BA.5, whereas BA.1 exhibited a lower value. The peak infectious load of BA.4 was approximately 3 times lower than that of BA.2 and BA.5, while the peak load of BA.2 and BA.5 was about 7 times higher than that of BA.1. Notably, BA.1 demonstrated the lowest infectivity over the entire study period. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the global BA.5 wave may have been amplified by the higher viral replication and infectivity of BA.5 compared to other Omicron sublineages. These analyses could support the rapid assessment of the impact of novel variants on case incidence.

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  • 최근 코로나바이러스감염증-19 변이 바이러스 유행 현황 및 세포기반의 오미크론 세부계통 KP.3 감염성 분석
    정민 김, 진선 노, 동주 김, 지영 노, 채영 이, 상희 우, 남주 이, 지은 이, 일환 김, 은진 김
    Public Health Weekly Report.2024; 17(39): 1671.     CrossRef
  • 6,251 View
  • 65 Download
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Special Article

The COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Research Center: a cornerstone for strengthening safety evidence for COVID-19 vaccination in the Republic of Korea
Na-Young Jeong, Hyesook Park, Sanghoon Oh, Seung Eun Jung, Dong-Hyun Kim, Hyoung-Shik Shin, Hee Chul Han, Jong-Koo Lee, Jun Hee Woo, Jaehun Jung, Joongyub Lee, Ju-Young Shin, Sun-Young Jung, Byung-Joo Park, Nam-Kyong Choi
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(2):97-106.
Published online April 4, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0343
Funded: Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency
The COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Research Center:  a cornerstone for strengthening safety evidence for COVID-19 vaccination in the Republic of Korea
The COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Research Committee (CoVaSC) was established in November 2021 to address the growing need for independent, in-depth scientific evidence on adverse events (AEs) following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. This initiative was requested by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency and led by the National Academy of Medicine of Korea. In September 2022, the COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Research Center was established, strengthening CoVaSC’s initiatives. The center has conducted various studies on the safety of COVID-19 vaccines. During CoVaSC’s second research year, from September 29, 2022 to July 19, 2023, the center was restructured into 4 departments: Epidemiological Research, Clinical Research, Communication & Education, and International Cooperation & Policy Research. Its main activities include (1) managing CoVaSC and the COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Research Center, (2) surveying domestic and international trends in AE causality investigation, (3) assessing AEs following COVID-19 vaccination, (4) fostering international collaboration and policy research, and (5) organizing regular fora and training sessions for the public and clinicians. Causality assessments have been conducted for 27 diseases, and independent research has been conducted after organizing ad hoc committees comprising both epidemiologists and clinical experts on each AE of interest. The research process included protocol development, data analysis, interpretation of results, and causality assessment. These research outcomes have been shared transparently with the public and healthcare experts through various fora. The COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Research Center plans to continue strengthening and expanding its research activities to provide reliable, high-quality safety information to the public.

Citations

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  • Active Surveillance for COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Using Sequential Analysis in Korea: Population-Based Retrospective Observational Study
    Na-Young Jeong, Haerin Cho, Heehyun Won, Suvin Park, Joongyub Lee, Hyesook Park, Nam-Kyong Choi
    JMIR Public Health and Surveillance.2026; 12: e75094.     CrossRef
  • Risk of new-onset polymyalgia rheumatica following COVID-19 vaccination in South Korea: a self-controlled case-series study
    Jieun Woo, Mu Kyung Kim, HyunJoo Lim, Ju Hwan Kim, Hyunah Jung, Hyoun-Ah Kim, Ju-Young Shin
    RMD Open.2025; 11(2): e005138.     CrossRef
  • SARS-CoV-2-Vaccine-Related Endocrine Disorders: An Updated Narrative Review
    Avraham Ishay, Kira Oleinikov, Elena Chertok Shacham
    Vaccines.2024; 12(7): 750.     CrossRef
  • Active Surveillance for Safety Monitoring of XBB.1.5-Containing COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines in Korea
    Bomi Park, Hye Ah Lee, Yeonjae Kim, Chung Ho Kim, Hyunjin Park, Seunghee Jun, Hyelim Lee, Seunghyun Lewis Kwon, Yesul Heo, Hyungmin Lee, Hyesook Park
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 8,089 View
  • 159 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Data Profile

Establishment of a registry of clinical data and bioresources for rare nervous system diseases
Dayoung Kim, Sooyoung Kim, Jin Myoung Seok, Kyong Jin Shin, Eungseok Oh, Mi Young Jeon, Joungkyu Park, Hee Jin Chang, Jinyoung Youn, Jeeyoung Oh, Eunhee Sohn, Jinse Park, Jin Whan Cho, Byoung Joon Kim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(2):174-181.
Published online April 30, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0353
Funded: National Institute of Health research
Establishment of a registry of clinical data and bioresources for rare nervous system diseases
Rare diseases are predominantly genetic or inherited, and patients with these conditions frequently exhibit neurological symptoms. Diagnosing and treating many rare diseases is a complex challenge, and their low prevalence complicates the performance of research, which in turn hinders the advancement of therapeutic options. One strategy to address this issue is the creation of national or international registries for rare diseases, which can help researchers monitor and investigate their natural progression. In the Republic of Korea, we established a registry across 5 centers that focuses on 3 rare diseases, all of which are characterized by gait disturbances resulting from motor system dysfunction. The registry will collect clinical information and human bioresources from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinocerebellar ataxia, and hereditary spastic paraplegia. These resources will be stored at ICreaT and the National Biobank of Korea. Once the registry is complete, the data will be made publicly available for further research. Through this registry, our research team is dedicated to identifying genetic variants that are specific to Korean patients, uncovering biomarkers that show a strong correlation with clinical symptoms, and leveraging this information for early diagnosis and the development of treatments.
  • 6,630 View
  • 114 Download

Original Articles

The value of CDC42 effector protein 2 as a novel prognostic biomarker in liver hepatocellular carcinoma: a comprehensive data analysis
Hye-Ran Kim, Choong Won Seo, Jongwan Kim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2023;14(6):451-467.
Published online December 15, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0229
Funded: National Research Foundation of Korea
The value of CDC42 effector protein 2 as a novel prognostic biomarker in liver hepatocellular carcinoma: a comprehensive data analysis
Objectives
The prognostic significance of CDC42 effector protein 2 (CDC42EP2) and its association with tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) have not been explored in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC). This study aims to assess the potential prognostic value of CDC42EP2 by conducting a comprehensive analysis of online databases pertaining to LIHC. Methods: We evaluated the potential of CDC42EP2 as a prognostic biomarker by utilizing online databases such as TIMER, GEPIA2, KM, OSlihc, HPA, and LinkedOmics. Results: In LIHC, we observed that the mRNA and protein expression of CDC42EP2 were upregulated compared to normal tissues. Upregulated CDC42EP2 expression was associated with a worse prognosis based on the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with LIHC. Furthermore, CDC42EP2 was positively associated with TIICs. In the co-expression and functional enrichment analyses of CDC42EP2, 11,416 genes showed positive associations with CDC42EP2 while 8,008 genes showed negative associations. CDC42EP2-related co-expression genes were involved in protein localization to the endoplasmic reticulum, translational initiation, and RNA catabolic processes in gene set enrichment analysis-Gene Ontology (GSEAGO), and regulated the ribosome, spliceosome, and primary immune deficiency in the GSEAKyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway. In a survival map, 23 and 17 genes that exhibited positive associations with CDC42EP2 showed a significant hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival and disease-free survival, respectively. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that CDC42EP2 is a novel prognostic biomarker and a potential tumor immune therapeutic target in patients with LIHC.

Citations

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  • miR-22-Galectin-1 as an integral signaling axis in regulating metabolism and immunity in HCC
    Ying Hu, Tahereh Setayesh, Prasant Kumar Jena, Yutong Ji, Trenton Testerman, Ruiwu Liu, Tsung-Chieh Shih, Xiao-Jing Wang, Fu-Tong Liu, Kit S. Lam, Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
    Biomarker Research.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Integrative Multi-Omics Analysis Identifies NUP205 as a Candidate Prognostic Biomarker in Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma
    Eun-A Jeong, Jae-Ho Lee, Jongwan Kim
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2026; 27(6): 2860.     CrossRef
  • Epigenetic and ncRNA Regulation of CBX2 in Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Multi-Omics Analysis for Understanding Biological Significance
    Kyu-Shik Lee, Jong-Heon Kim, Jongwan Kim
    Medicina.2026; 62(5): 842.     CrossRef
  • Integrated Bioinformatics and Multi-Omics Analysis of ZBTB40 Expression, Prognostic Relevance, and Regulatory Networks in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
    Tae-Young Kim, Jae-Hee Park, Yong Wook Jung, Jae-Ho Lee, Jongwan Kim
    Medicina.2026; 62(7): 1244.     CrossRef
  • VPS26A as a Prognostic Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Insights from Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis
    Hye-Ran Kim, Jongwan Kim
    Medicina.2025; 61(7): 1283.     CrossRef
  • Multi-Omics and Functional Analysis of BFSP1 as a Prognostic and Therapeutic Target in Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma
    Kyu-Shik Lee, Jongwan Kim
    Medicina.2025; 61(12): 2196.     CrossRef
  • Nucleoporin 205 as a Novel Prognostic Biomarker in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma from Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis
    Eun Jin Kim, Dasol Hwang, Yun-Seon Ko, Sang-Hyun Park, Kyung-Soo Chang, Hye-Ran Kim
    Biomedical Science Letters.2025; 31(4): 352.     CrossRef
  • 4,754 View
  • 78 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
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Risk factors for transmission in a COVID-19 cluster infection in a high school in the Republic of Korea
Jin-Hwan Jeon, Su Jin Kang, Se-Jin Jeong, Hyeon-Cheol Jang, Young-Joon Park, Sang-Eun Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2023;14(4):252-262.
Published online July 27, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0125
Funded: Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency
Risk factors for transmission in a COVID-19 cluster infection in a high school in the Republic of Korea
Objectives
This study aimed to examine the scale, characteristics, risk factors, and modes of transmission in a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak at a high school in Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Methods
An epidemiological survey was conducted of 1,118 confirmed cases and close contacts from a COVID-19 outbreak at an educational facility starting on May 31, 2021. In-depth interviews, online questionnaires, flow evaluations, and CCTV analyses were used to devise infection prevention measures. Behavioral and spatial risk factors were identified, and statistical significance was tested.
Results
Among 3rd-year students, there were 33 confirmed COVID-19 cases (9.6%). Students who used a study room in the annex building showed a statistically significant 4.3-fold elevation in their relative risk for infection compared to those who did not use the study room. Moreover, CCTV facial recognition analysis confirmed that 17.8% of 3rd-year students did not wear masks and had the lowest percentage of mask-wearers by grade. The air epidemiological survey conducted in the study room in the annex, which met the 3 criteria for a closed space, confirmed that there was only 10% natural ventilation due to the poor ventilation system.
Conclusion
To prevent and manage the spread of COVID-19 in educational facilities, advance measures that consider the size, operation, and resources of each school are crucial. In addition, various survey methodologies should be used in future studies to quickly analyze a wider range of data that can inform an evidence-based quarantine response.

Citations

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  • Detection of a cluster of Omicron's BA.4 sublineage in Northern Senegal and identification of the first XAS recombinant variant in Senegal
    Martin Faye, Modeste Name Faye, Babacar Ndiaye, Moussa Moïse Diagne, Safietou Sankhe, Ndeye Marième Top, Amadou Diallo, Cheikh Loucoubar, Ndongo Dia, Amadou Alpha Sall, Ousmane Faye
    Virus Research.2024; 339: 199259.     CrossRef
  • 7,983 View
  • 237 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Increased viral load in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron variant in the Republic of Korea
Jeong-Min Kim, Dongju Kim, Nam-Joo Lee, Sang Hee Woo, Jaehee Lee, Hyeokjin Lee, Ae Kyung Park, Jeong-Ah Kim, Chae Young Lee, Il-Hwan Kim, Cheon Kwon Yoo, Eun-Jin Kim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2023;14(4):272-278.
Published online July 27, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0024
Funded: Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency
Increased viral load in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron variant in the Republic of Korea
Objectives
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a global pandemic owing to the rapid spread of the causative agent, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Its Delta and Omicron variants are more transmissible and pathogenic than other variants. Some debates have emerged on the mechanism of variants of concern. In the COVID-19 wave that began in December 2021, the Omicron variant, first reported in South Africa, became identifiable in most cases globally. The aim of this study was to provide data to inform effective responses to the transmission of the Omicron variant.
Methods
The Delta variant and the spike protein D614G mutant were compared with the Omicron variant. Viral loads from 5 days after symptom onset were compared using epidemiological data collected at the time of diagnosis.
Results
The Omicron variant exhibited a higher viral load than other variants, resulting in greater transmissibility within 5 days of symptom onset.
Conclusion
Future research should focus on vaccine efficacy against the Omicron variant and compare trends in disease severity associated with its high viral load.

Citations

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  • Replication kinetics and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant sublineages recovered in the Republic of Korea
    Jeong-Min Kim, Dongju Kim, Jee Eun Rhee, Cheon Kwon Yoo, Eun-Jin Kim
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2024; 15(3): 260.     CrossRef
  • Diagnostic Accuracy of the Abbott BinaxNOW COVID‐19 Antigen Card Test, Puerto Rico
    Zachary J. Madewell, Chelsea G. Major, Nathan Graff, Cameron Adams, Dania M. Rodriguez, Tatiana Morales, Nicole A. Medina Lopes, Rafael Tosado, Liliana Sánchez‐González, Janice Perez‐Padilla, Hannah R. Volkman, Jorge Bertrán‐Pasarell, Diego Sainz de la Pe
    Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 5,334 View
  • 141 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Mental health and its determinants among adolescents living in families with separated or divorced parents in an urban area of Vietnam
Binh Thang Tran, Minh Tu Nguyen, Minh Tam Nguyen, Thanh Gia Nguyen, Vo Nu Hong Duc, Thi Tra My Tran
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2023;14(4):300-311.
Published online August 9, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0110
Funded: Hue University
Mental health and its determinants among adolescents living in families with separated or divorced parents in an urban area of Vietnam
Objectives
We assessed the prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression among adolescents living in families with separated or divorced parents in Hue City, Vietnam and identified factors associated with these conditions.
Methods
This cross-sectional study enrolled 309 adolescents, aged 12 to 17 years, living in families with separated or divorced parents in Hue City, Vietnam. The depression anxiety stress scale-21 (DASS-21) was used to measure stress, anxiety, and depression. Predictors of overall and individual mental health problems were identified using ordered and binary logistic regression, respectively.
Results
The DASS-21 scale revealed a 49.2% prevalence of stress, while anxiety and depression had s prevalence rates of 61.5%. Among participants, 42.4% experienced all 3 mental health issues. Several factors were identified as significant predictors of mental health problems, including poor to average economic status (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21–3.31; p=0.007); being in high school (aOR, 5.02; 95% CI, 2.93–8.60; p<0.001); maternal occupation of teacher, healthcare professional, or official (aOR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.13–5.03; p=0.022); longer duration of family separation or divorce (aOR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.05–1.45; p=0.009); living with one’s mother (aOR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.03–2.76; p=0.04); alcohol consumption (aOR, 1.70; 95% CI, 0.99–2.92; p=0.050); and being bullied (aOR, 5.33; 95% CI, 1.10–25.69; p=0.037). Most of these factors were associated with stress, anxiety, and depression. Additionally, smoking was associated with stress.
Conclusion
Adolescents with separated or divorced parents were at increased risk of stress, anxiety, and depression. The findings of this study provide important implications for prevention programs.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Predictors and Protective Factors of Mental Health Outcomes Among Indonesian Adolescents: An SCT-Based Multi-Center Study
    Rika Sarfika, I Made Moh. Yanuar Saifudin, Anggi Lukman Wicaksana, Hema Malini, Bunga Permata Wenny, Atih Rahayuningsih, Nindy Eka Wijaya, Dewi Eka Putri, Khatijah Lim Abdullah
    International Journal of Social Psychiatry.2026; 72(3): 582.     CrossRef
  • Concurrent stunting and overweight/obesity among Generation Z adolescent girls in East Java: analysis of the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey
    Margareta Dias Listiyawati, Sintha Fransiske Simanungkalit, Firlia Ayu Arini, Hendry Roris P. Sianturi
    Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition.2026; 21(3): 441.     CrossRef
  • The impact of parental absence on the mental health of middle school students in rural areas of Western China
    Xiaohong Ren, Cen Lin, Lu Pan, Qiuyue Fan, Dapeng Wu, JinLong He, Ping He, Jiaming Luo
    Frontiers in Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Bullying Victimization and its associated Factors among Adolescents in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia: A Cross-sectional Study
    I Wayan Alap, Fauzan Fauzan, Diah Karmiyati, Arif Budi Wurianto, Ribut Wahyu Eriyanti, Ria Arista Asih, I Made Moh. Yanuar Saifudin
    The Open Psychology Journal.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Mental health among ethnic minority adolescents in Vietnam and correlated factors: A cross-sectional study
    Ngo Anh Vinh, Vu Thi My Hanh, Do Thi Bich Van, Duong Anh Tai, Do Minh Loan, Le Thi Thanh Thuy
    Journal of Affective Disorders Reports.2024; 17: 100795.     CrossRef
  • Subgrouping of anxiety symptoms and stress levels in Chinese adolescents: results of a latent profile analysis
    Xuefeng Li, Jingyan Chen, Jinpeng Wang, Jinhong Ding, Jing Xiao
    Current Psychology.2024; 43(36): 28685.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and risk factors associated with psychological distress among children in Penang, Malaysia: A stratified multistage cluster study
    Xin Yee Foo, Nur Arzuar Abdul Rahim, Lai Kuan Lee
    MethodsX.2024; 13: 103069.     CrossRef
  • 14,058 View
  • 396 Download
  • 7 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Short Communication

Trends of legionellosis reported in Jeju Province, Republic of Korea, 2015–2022
Juyoung Park, Jong-Myon Bae
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2023;14(4):321-327.
Published online August 21, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0145
Funded: Jeju National University
Trends of legionellosis reported in Jeju Province, Republic of Korea, 2015–2022
Objectives
The number of reported cases of Legionnaires’ disease (LD) in the Republic of Korea surged nationally in 2016; however, in 2022, this number was higher in Jeju Province than the previous national peak. A descriptive epidemiological study was conducted to analyze trends in the incidence of reported LD cases in Jeju Island from 2015 to 2022.
Methods
The data for this study were obtained from case reports submitted to the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency through its Disease and Health Integrated Management System. The selection criteria were cases or suspected cases of LD reported among Jeju residents between 2015 and 2022. The 95% confidence interval of the crude incidence rate was calculated using the Poisson distribution.
Results
Since 2020, the incidence rate of LD in Jeju has risen sharply, showing a statistically significant difference from the national incidence rate. A particular medical institution in Jeju reported a significant number of LD cases. Screening with the urine antigen test (UAT) also increased significantly.
Conclusion
Our findings indicate that the rapid increase in cases of LD in Jeju Province since 2020 was due to the characteristics of medical-care use among Jeju residents, which were focused on a specific medical institution. According to their clinical practice guidelines, this medical institution conducted UATs to screen patients suspected of pneumonia.
  • 4,020 View
  • 134 Download

Original Article

The COVID-19 pandemic and healthcare utilization in Iran: evidence from an interrupted time series analysis
Monireh Mahmoodpour-Azari, Satar Rezaei, Nasim Badiee, Mohammad Hajizadeh, Ali Mohammadi, Ali Kazemi-Karyani, Shahin Soltani, Mehdi Khezeli
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2023;14(3):180-187.
Published online June 22, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0041
Funded: Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
The COVID-19 pandemic and healthcare utilization in Iran: evidence from an interrupted time series analysis
Objectives
This study aimed to examine the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak on the hospitalization rate, emergency department (ED) visits, and outpatient clinic visits in western Iran.
Methods
We collected data on the monthly hospitalization rate, rate of patients referred to the ED, and rate of patients referred to outpatient clinics for a period of 40 months (23 months before and 17 months after the COVID-19 outbreak in Iran) from all 7 public hospitals in the city of Kermanshah. An interrupted time series analysis was conducted to examine the impact of COVID-19 on the outcome variables in this study.
Results
A statistically significant decrease of 38.11 hospitalizations per 10,000 population (95% confidence interval [CI], 24.93–51.29) was observed in the first month of the COVID-19 outbreak. The corresponding reductions in ED visits and outpatient visits per 10,000 population were 191.65 (95% CI, 166.63–216.66) and 168.57 (95% CI, 126.41–210.73), respectively. After the initial reduction, significant monthly increases in the hospitalization rate (an increase of 1.81 per 10,000 population), ED visits (an increase of 2.16 per 10,000 population), and outpatient clinic visits (an increase of 5.77 per 10,000 population) were observed during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Conclusion
Our study showed that the utilization of outpatient and inpatient services in hospitals and clinics significantly declined after the COVID-19 outbreak, and use of these services did not return to pre-outbreak levels as of June 2021.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Changes in usual source of care utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic: a comparative analysis by chronic disease status
    Seokmin Ji, Sewon Park, Munjae Lee
    BMC Health Services Research.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Impact of COVID-19 on consumption patterns and healthcare expenditures in general dentistry and outpatient physician visits
    Arman Ghafourian, Sara Emamgholipour, Ali Akbar Fazaeli
    BMC Health Services Research.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • An Investigation of the Factors Reducing the Use of Hospital Services: A Systematic Review
    Sedighe Sadat Tabatabaei Far, Majid Alizadeh, Erfan Kharazmi, Zahra Kavosi
    Health Science Reports.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Changes and backlogs in the provision and utilization of essential health services in Afghanistan during and after the COVID-19 pandemic
    Narges Neyazi, Ali Mirzazadeh, Abdul Ghani Ibrahimi, Mirwais Ahmadzai, Jamshed Ali Tanoli
    BMC Health Services Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Utilization of upper gastrointestinal tumor inpatient services affected by COVID-19 in China 2018–2021: an interrupted time series analysis
    Xue Yang, Mengying Liu, Hui Lu
    Frontiers in Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Holt-Winter Approach to Forecasting Admission in the Psychiatric Department
    Mariathy Karim, Nur Syuhada Muhammat Pazil
    Information Management and Business Review.2025; 17(4(I)): 28.     CrossRef
  • The strongest predictors of compliance with health protocols among marketers and guilds based on the transtheoretical model
    Shandiz Moslehi, Asghar Tavan, Sajjad Narimani, Fardin shahbazzadeh, Nadia Sedri, Sama Sabahi
    BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Time series analysis of COVID-19's impact on physician and dentist visits in Iran
    Satar Rezaei, Hesam Ghiasvand, Heather Brown
    Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A tale of two times: an exploration of healthcare utilization patterns before and during COVID-19 in Iran
    Satar Rezaei, Masoud Mohammadnezhad
    BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • From Routine to Crisis: The Impact of COVID‐19 Pandemic on Antibiotic Consumption in Iran
    Satar Rezaei, Mohammad Bazyar, Sina Ahmadi, Abdolvahed Khodamoradi
    Health Science Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 6,539 View
  • 116 Download
  • 7 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Brief Report

Early countermeasures to COVID-19 at long-term care facilities in Gwangju Metropolitan City, Republic of Korea
Hye-Jin Kim, Jieun Kim, Yoon Suk Jang, Hanul Park, Jong Mu Kim, Young Joon Park, So-Yeon Ryu, Jun Hwi Cho, So Yeong Park, Sang-Eun Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2023;14(1):59-65.
Published online February 1, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0293
Funded: Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency
Early countermeasures to COVID-19 at long-term care facilities in Gwangju Metropolitan City, Republic of Korea
Objectives
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has continued since its first detection in the Republic of Korea on January 20, 2020. This study describes the early countermeasures used to minimize the risk of COVID-19 outbreaks during cohort quarantine and compares the epidemiological characteristics of 2 outbreaks in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) in Gwangju Metropolitan City in summer 2020. Methods: An epidemiological investigation was conducted via direct visits. We investigated epidemiological characteristics, including incidence, morbidity, and mortality rates, for all residents and staff members. Demographic characteristics were analyzed using a statistical program. Additionally, the method of managing infection in LTCFs is described. Results: Residents and caregivers had high incidence rates in LTCF-A and LTCF-B, respectively. LTCF-B had a longer quarantine period than LTCF-A. The attack rate was 20.02% in LTCF-A and 27.9% in LTCF-B. The mortality rate was 2.3% (1/43) in LTCF-B, the only facility in which a COVID-19 death occurred. Conclusion: Extensive management requires contact minimization, which involves testing all contacts to mitigate further transmission in the early stages of LTCF outbreaks. The findings of this study can help inform and prepare public health authorities for COVID-19 outbreaks, particularly for early control in vulnerable facilities.

Citations

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  • Healthcare workers' views on the response to COVID-19 in long-term care hospitals in Korea: a mixed-method study
    Eun Kyoung Yun, In Seo La, Sunmi Kim, Seongyu Han, Hyungran Lee
    Frontiers in Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 5,844 View
  • 119 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Special Article

A framework for nationwide COVID-19 vaccine safety research in the Republic of Korea: the COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Research Committee
Na-Young Jeong, Hyesook Park, Sanghoon Oh, Seung Eun Jung, Dong-Hyun Kim, Hyoung-Shik Shin, Hee Chul Han, Jong-Koo Lee, Jun Hee Woo, Byung-Joo Park, Nam-Kyong Choi
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2023;14(1):5-14.
Published online February 28, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0026
Funded: Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency
A framework for nationwide COVID-19 vaccine safety research in the Republic of Korea: the COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Research Committee
With the introduction of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA) commissioned the National Academy of Medicine of Korea to gather experts to independently assess post-vaccination adverse events. Accordingly, the COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Research Committee (CoVaSC) was launched in November 2021 to perform safety studies and establish evidence for policy guidance. The CoVaSC established 3 committees for epidemiology, clinical research, and communication. The CoVaSC mainly utilizes pseudonymized data linking KDCA’s COVID-19 vaccination data and the National Health Insurance Service’s claims data. The CoVaSC’s 5-step research process involves defining the target diseases and organizing ad-hoc committees, developing research protocols, performing analyses, assessing causal relationships, and announcing research findings and utilizing them to guide compensation policies. As of 2022, the CoVaSC completed this research process for 15 adverse events. The CoVaSC launched the COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Research Center in September 2022 and has been reorganized into 4 divisions to promote research including international collaborative studies, long-/short-term follow-up studies, and education programs. Through these enhancements, the CoVaSC will continue to swiftly provide scientific evidence for COVID-19 vaccine research and compensation and may serve as a model for preparing for future epidemics of new diseases.

Citations

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  • Risk of anxiety disorders and insomnia following COVID-19 vaccination
    Haerin Cho, Joon Hyung Jung, Hwoyeon Seo, Won Chul Shin, Jung-Ick Byun, Suvin Park, Na-Young Jeong, Sanghoon Oh, Nam-Kyong Choi
    Journal of Psychiatric Research.2026; 192: 109.     CrossRef
  • Active Surveillance for COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Using Sequential Analysis in Korea: Population-Based Retrospective Observational Study
    Na-Young Jeong, Haerin Cho, Heehyun Won, Suvin Park, Joongyub Lee, Hyesook Park, Nam-Kyong Choi
    JMIR Public Health and Surveillance.2026; 12: e75094.     CrossRef
  • MIS‐C Overlap, Not Prior COVID‐19 Itself, Drives Treatment Escalation in Kawasaki Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study
    Min Ji Kim, Jong Seung Kim, Jee Young Hong, Jihye You
    Pediatrics International.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Postmenopausal Bleeding Risk after COVID-19 Vaccination: A Population-Based Self-Controlled Case Series Study
    Na-Young Jeong, HyeMin Park, SiHyun Cho, Nam-Kyong Choi
    Yonsei Medical Journal.2026; 67(11): 831.     CrossRef
  • Risk of Kawasaki Disease/Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Following COVID-19 Vaccination in Korean Children: A Self-Controlled Case Series Study
    Suyeon Kim, Hwa Yeon Ko, Jeongin Oh, Dongwon Yoon, Ju Hwan Kim, Young June Choe, Ju-Young Shin
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The association between acute transverse myelitis and COVID‐19 vaccination in Korea: Self‐controlled case series study
    Eunsun Lim, Yoo Hwan Kim, Na‐Young Jeong, Su‐Hyun Kim, Heehyun Won, Jong‐Seok Bae, Nam‐Kyong Choi
    European Journal of Neurology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Coronavirus disease vaccine linked menstrual changes: mobile application study
    Sung Eun Kim, Joseph J. Noh, Yoo-Young Lee
    Obstetrics & Gynecology Science.2025; 68(2): 155.     CrossRef
  • Multilevel analysis of individual, household, and community factors influencing COVID-19 vaccination intention: evidence from the 2021 Korea Community Health Survey
    Ji-seon Seong, Jong-Yeon Kim
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2025; 16(2): 169.     CrossRef
  • Association between COVID-19 vaccination and first healthcare utilization for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A nationwide population-based cohort study
    Sang Hyuk Kim, Seung-Hun You, Ju Won Lee, Eunji Kim, Youlim Kim, Hyun Lee, Sun-Young Jung, Ji-Yong Moon
    Vaccine.2025; 61: 127367.     CrossRef
  • Evaluating Vaccine Safety Through the Vaccine Safety Datalink: A Comprehensive Review of Research Contributions
    Eunsun Lim, Na-Young Jeong, Heehyun Won, Nam-Kyong Choi
    Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2025; 50(2): 113.     CrossRef
  • COVID-19 vaccination and the risk of abnormal uterine bleeding: A nationwide self-controlled case series study
    Na-Young Jeong, SiHyun Cho, Eunsun Lim, Jung Ryeol Lee, Jae Yen Song, Joong Shin Park, Nam-Kyong Choi
    Vaccine.2025; 63: 127619.     CrossRef
  • Risk of new-onset seizures following immunization against COVID-19: a self-controlled case-series study
    Hwa Yeon Ko, Dongwon Yoon, Ju Hwan Kim, Han Eol Jeong, Seung Bong Hong, Won-Chul Shin, Ju-Young Shin
    Epidemiology and Health.2025; 47: e2025024.     CrossRef
  • Risk of encephalitis and meningitis after COVID-19 vaccination in South Korea: a self-controlled case series analysis
    Ju Hwan Kim, Dongwon Yoon, Hwa Yeon Ko, Kyungyeon Jung, Jun-Sang Sunwoo, Won Chul Shin, Jung-Ick Byun, Ju-Young Shin
    BMC Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Research Center: a cornerstone for strengthening safety evidence for COVID-19 vaccination in the Republic of Korea
    Na-Young Jeong, Hyesook Park, Sanghoon Oh, Seung Eun Jung, Dong-Hyun Kim, Hyoung-Shik Shin, Hee Chul Han, Jong-Koo Lee, Jun Hee Woo, Jaehun Jung, Joongyub Lee, Ju-Young Shin, Sun-Young Jung, Byung-Joo Park, Nam-Kyong Choi
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2024; 15(2): 97.     CrossRef
  • A Causality Assessment Framework for COVID-19 Vaccines and Adverse Events at the COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Research Center
    Seyoung Kim, Jeong Ah Kim, Hyesook Park, Sohee Park, Sanghoon Oh, Seung Eun Jung, Hyoung-Shik Shin, Jong Koo Lee, Hee Chul Han, Jun Hee Woo, Byung-Joo Park, Nam-Kyong Choi, Dong-Hyun Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • To become a more stronger and safer country
    Jong-Koo Lee
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2023; 14(2): 67.     CrossRef
  • Risk of lymphadenopathy from SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in Korea: a self-controlled case series analysis
    Mi-Sook Kim, Bongyoung Kim, Jeong Pil Choi, Nam-Kyong Choi, Jung Yeon Heo, Jun Yong Choi, Joongyub Lee, Sang Il Kim
    Epidemiology and Health.2023; 45: e2023090.     CrossRef
  • 9,792 View
  • 212 Download
  • 18 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Original Article
Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 lineages and mutations circulating in a university-affiliated hospital in South Korea analyzed using Oxford Nanopore MinION sequencing
Hyaekang Kim, Sung Hee Chung, Hyun Soo Kim, Han-Sung Kim, Wonkeun Song, Ki Ho Hong, Jae-Seok Kim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2022;13(5):360-369.
Published online October 11, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0183
Funded: Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare
Objectives
Despite the introduction of vaccines, treatments, and massive diagnostic testing, the evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has continued to overcome barriers that had slowed its previous spread. As the virus evolves towards increasing fitness, it is critical to continue monitoring the occurrence of new mutations that could evade human efforts to control them. Methods: We performed whole-genome sequencing using Oxford Nanopore MinION sequencing on 58 SARS-CoV-2 isolates collected during the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic at a tertiary hospital in South Korea and tracked the emergence of mutations responsible for massive spikes in South Korea. Results: The differences among lineages were more pronounced in the spike gene, especially in the receptor-binding domain (RBD), than in other genes. Those RBD mutations could compromise neutralization by antibodies elicited by vaccination or previous infections. We also reported multiple incidences of Omicron variants carrying mutations that could impair the diagnostic sensitivity of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-based testing. Conclusion: These results provide an understanding of the temporal changes of variants and mutations that have been circulating in South Korea and their potential impacts on antigenicity, therapeutics, and diagnostic escape of the virus. We also showed that the utilization of the nanopore sequencing platform and the ARTIC workf low can provide convenient and accurate SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance even at a single hospital.

Citations

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  • Understanding large scale sequencing datasets through changes to protein folding
    David Shorthouse, Harris Lister, Gemma S Freeman, Benjamin A Hall
    Briefings in Functional Genomics.2024; 23(5): 517.     CrossRef
  • Molecular epidemiology of SARS‐CoV‐2 in Mongolia, first experience with nanopore sequencing in lower‐ and middle‐income countries setting
    Munkhtuya Erendereg, Suvd Tumurbaatar, Otgonjargal Byambaa, Gerelmaa Enebish, Natsagdorj Burged, Tungalag Khurelsukh, Nomin‐Erdene Baatar, Badmaarag Munkhjin, Jargaltulga Ulziijargal, Anuujin Gantumur, Oyunbaatar Altanbayar, Ochbadrakh Batjargal, Delgermu
    Immunity, Inflammation and Disease.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 8,096 View
  • 103 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • Crossref
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