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From articles published in Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives during the past two years (2024 ~ ).

Review Articles

The global prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Alwin Issac, Kurvatteppa Halemani, Asha Shetty, Latha Thimmappa, VR Vijay, Kiranmayi Koni, Prabhaker Mishra, Vishwas Kapoor
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(1):3-27.
Published online February 10, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0286
The global prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Objectives
The objective of this review was to analyze quantitative data on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to increase the accuracy of estimates of the prevalence of ASD.
Methods
This review, which was reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement, included studies conducted from January 2008 to June 2024 on children aged 3 to 18 years that used standardized measurement tools and reported cut-off scores for ASD. The prevalence of ASD was the primary outcome analyzed in this review. The PubMed, Clinical Key, Scopus, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases were reviewed for relevant studies. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO and followed the Cochrane collaboration guidelines.
Results
A total of 66 studies reported on the prevalence of ASD, screening 21,313,061 children worldwide. Among these, 25 studies were conducted in Europe, 22 in Asia, and 13 in America. Additionally, 3 studies each were reported from Africa and Australia. According to a meta-analysis, 0.77% of children globally are diagnosed with ASD, with boys comprising 1.14% of this group. Notably, Australia showed the highest prevalence rate, with an effect size of 2.18, highlighting it as a critical area for public health focus.
Conclusion
ASD represents a significant global health burden. Early detection, increased awareness among parents, and prompt intervention are crucial for mitigating developmental problems in children later in life. It is essential for health policymakers to acknowledge the prevalence and growing trends of ASD in order to implement effective interventions.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
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    The Journal of Pain.2027; 50: 106447.     CrossRef
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    Narelle Robertson
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    Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology.2026; (6): 46.     CrossRef
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    Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Education and Researc.2025; 15(3): 61.     CrossRef
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    Patricia Guevara-Ramírez, Rafael Tamayo-Trujillo, Viviana A. Ruiz-Pozo, Santiago Cadena-Ullauri, Elius Paz-Cruz, Ana Karina Zambrano
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(13): 6537.     CrossRef
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    Journal of Pharmaceutical and BioSciences.2025; 13(1): 1.     CrossRef
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    Nutrients.2025; 17(15): 2470.     CrossRef
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Pandemics: past, present, and future: multitasking challenges in need of cross-disciplinary, transdisciplinary, and multidisciplinary collaborative solutions
Amir Khorram-Manesh, Frederick Martin Burkle Jr, Krzysztof Goniewicz
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(4):267-285.
Published online July 23, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0372
Pandemics: past, present, and future: multitasking challenges in need of cross-disciplinary, transdisciplinary, and multidisciplinary collaborative solutions
The extensive history of pandemics has spanned many centuries, profoundly impacting societies, economies, and public health, and thereby shaping the course of history in various ways. Advances in medicine, science, and public health practices have played a pivotal role in mitigating the effects of pandemics over time. This review explores the scientific landscape of contemporary pandemics, examining their diverse and complex nature. It goes beyond the biological aspects of pandemics to consider socioeconomic, environmental, and technological factors. Through a scientific lens, this study aims to understand the complexities of pandemics and contribute to the expanding knowledge base that helps humanity strengthen its defenses against global health threats. By elucidating the enigmas of pandemics, the study hopes to foster a more resilient and prepared global health environment. Highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary, cross-disciplinary, and transdisciplinary approach, this exploration emphasizes the critical need to integrate biological, socioeconomic, environmental, and technological domains to develop more robust defenses against these global health challenges.

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Original Article

Prevalence, multidrug resistance, and biofilm formation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from fish mariculture environments in Cat Ba Island, Vietnam
Kim Cuc Thi Nguyen, Phuc Hung Truong, Hoa Truong Thi, Xuan Tuy Ho, Phu Van Nguyen
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(1):56-67.
Published online February 19, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0181
Prevalence, multidrug resistance, and biofilm formation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from fish mariculture environments in Cat Ba Island, Vietnam
Objectives
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a major foodborne pathogen in aquatic animals and a threat to human health worldwide. This study investigated the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), and biofilm formation of V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from fish mariculture environments in Cat Ba Island, Vietnam. Methods: In total, 150 rearing water samples were collected from 10 fish mariculture farms in winter and summer. A polymerase chain reaction assay was used to identify V. parahaemolyticus, its virulence factors, and ARGs. The antimicrobial resistance patterns and biofilm formation ability of V. parahaemolyticus strains were investigated using the disk diffusion test and a microtiter plate-based crystal violet method, respectively. Results: Thirty-seven V. parahaemolyticus isolates were recovered from 150 samples. The frequencies of the tdh and trh genes among V. parahaemolyticus isolates were 8.1% and 21.6%, respectively. More than 90% of isolates were susceptible to ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and chloramphenicol, but over 72% were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, and erythromycin. Furthermore, 67.57% of isolates exhibited multidrug resistance. The presence of ARGs related to gentamicin (aac(3)-IV), tetracycline (tetA) and ciprofloxacin (qnrA) in V. parahaemolyticus isolates was identified. Conversely, no ARGs related to ampicillin or erythromycin resistance were detected. Biofilm formation capacity was detected in significantly more multidrug-resistant isolates (64.9%) than non-multidrug-resistant isolates (18.9%). Conclusion: Mariculture environments are a potential source of antibiotic-resistant V. parahaemolyticus and a hotspot for virulence genes and ARGs diffusing to aquatic environments. Thus, the prevention of antibiotic-resistant foodborne vibriosis in aquatic animals and humans requires continuous monitoring.

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Brief Report

Standardizing the approach to clinical-based human microbiome research: from clinical information collection to microbiome profiling and human resource utilization
Objectives
This study presents the standardized protocols developed by the Clinical-Based Human Microbiome Research and Development Project (cHMP) in the Republic of Korea.
Methods
It addresses clinical metadata collection, specimen handling, DNA extraction, sequencing methods, and quality control measures for microbiome research.
Results
The cHMP involves collecting samples from healthy individuals and patients across various body sites, including the gastrointestinal tract, oral cavity, respiratory system, urogenital tract, and skin. These standardized procedures ensure consistent data quality through controlled specimen collection, storage, transportation, DNA extraction, and sequencing. Sequencing encompasses both amplicon and whole metagenome methods, followed by stringent quality checks. The protocols conform to international guidelines, ensuring that the data generated are both reliable and comparable across microbiome studies.
Conclusion
The cHMP underscores the importance of methodological standardization in enhancing data integrity, reproducibility, and advancing microbiome-based research with potential applications for improving human health outcomes.

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Original Articles

Novel prophylactic and therapeutic multi-epitope vaccine based on Ag85A, Ag85B, ESAT-6, and CFP-10 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using an immunoinformatics approach
Muhammad Fikri Nugraha, Daniel Alexander Changestu, Rizky Ramadhan, Tasya Salsabila, Arsila Nurizati, Sari Eka Pratiwi, Ysrafil Ysrafil
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(4):286-306.
Published online July 26, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0026
Novel prophylactic and therapeutic multi-epitope vaccine based on Ag85A, Ag85B, ESAT-6, and CFP-10 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using an immunoinformatics approach
Objectives
Current tuberculosis (TB) control strategies face limitations, such as low antibiotic treatment compliance and a rise in multidrug resistance. Furthermore, the lack of a safe and effective vaccine compounds these challenges. The limited efficacy of existing vaccines against TB underscores the urgency for innovative strategies, such as immunoinformatics. Consequently, this study aimed to design a targeted multi-epitope vaccine against TB infection utilizing an immunoinformatics approach.
Methods
The multi-epitope vaccine targeted Ag85A, Ag85B, ESAT-6, and CFP-10 proteins. The design adopted various immunoinformatics tools for cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), helper T lymphocyte (HTL), and linear B lymphocyte (LBL) epitope prediction, the assessment of vaccine characteristics, structure modeling, population coverage analysis, disulfide engineering, solubility prediction, molecular docking/dynamics with toll-like receptors (TLRs), codon optimization/cloning, and immune simulation.
Results
The multi-epitope vaccine, which was assembled using 12 CTL, 25 HTL, and 21 LBL epitopes associated with CpG adjuvants, showed promising characteristics. The immunoinformatics analysis confirmed the antigenicity, immunogenicity, and lack of allergenicity. Physicochemical evaluations indicated that the proteins were stable, thermostable, hydrophilic, and highly soluble. Docking simulations suggested high-affinity binding to TLRs, including TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9. In silico immune simulation predicted strong T cell (cytokine release) and B cell (immunoglobulin release) responses.
Conclusion
This immunoinformatics-designed multi-epitope vaccine targeting Ag85A, Ag85B, ESAT-6, and CFP-10 proteins showed promising characteristics in terms of stability, immunogenicity, antigenicity, solubility, and predicted induction of humoral and adaptive immune responses. This suggests its potential as a prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine against TB.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a comprehensive review of pathogenesis, drug resistance, current treatment and future prospects
    Shweta Tiwari, Ankit Kumar Singh, Aarshu Acharya, Joyabroto Ghosh, Rashmi Prabha Singh
    Archives of Microbiology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Genome-Guided Mining and Integrated in Silico Approach Uncover Potential of Streptomyces Secondary Metabolites as Multi-Target Agents Against Candida albicans Biofilm Formation
    Ismail Ismail, Sylvia Utami Tunjung Pratiwi, Ema Damayanti, Jaka Widada, Ysrafil Ysrafil, Syamsu Nur, Abdul Halim Umar, Ira Handayani, Shanti Ratnakomala
    Network Modeling Analysis in Health Informatics an.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Domain arrangement–driven immunogenicity of a computationally designed mRNA vaccine targeting PPE68, IrtA, and PE9 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
    Theerawat Dobutr, Elena Stylianou, Helen McShane, Nawamin Pinpathomrat
    Scientific Reports.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • In silico framework for designing and validating a multi-stage subunit vaccine against Tuberculosis using reverse vaccinology approach
    Ayesha Liaqat, Kubra Dastgir, Muhammad Sajjad, Hafiz Muzzammel Rehman, Muhammad Waheed Akhtar, Masoud Foroutan
    PLOS One.2026; 21(8): e0356788.     CrossRef
  • Computationally guided multi-epitope vaccine design targeting oncoprotein BZLF1, EBNA1, LMP1, and LMP2 for of EBV associated gastric cancer
    Elvin Delonio, Ysrafil Ysrafil, Herlina Eka Shinta, Sari Eka Pratiwi
    Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Antigen 85B of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: From Immunodominant Antigen to Vaccine Candidate
    Vivek Chauhan, Gaytri Mahajan, Rakesh Kumar, Shrikanth S. Gadad, Subhash C. Chauhan, Chinnaswamy Jagannath, Subramanian Dhandayuthapani
    Vaccines.2026; 14(9): 811.     CrossRef
  • Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant BCG expressing a multi-epitope vaccine against mycobacterium tuberculosis
    Xuan-ji Zhang, Jia-rui Luo, Ting-ting Tian, Juan Shi, Zheng-long Chai, Chuang Li, Si-yu Zhang, Tao Qu, Feng-bo Zhang, Yue-jie Zhu
    Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Computational systems immunology and multi-scale modeling for the design of a Multi-Epitope Vaccine (MEV) against emerging multidrug-resistant Klebsiella michiganensis
    Rasha Assad Assiri, Fayez M. Saleh, Sher Muhammad, Emmanuel O. Fenibo, Tonderayi Matambo
    International Microbiology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • In Silico Targeting and Immunological Profiling of PpiA in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Computational Approach
    Mohammad J. Nasiri, Lily Rogowski, Vishwanath Venketaraman
    Pathogens.2025; 14(4): 370.     CrossRef
  • New Advances in the Development and Design of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Vaccines: Construction and Validation of Multi-Epitope Vaccines for Tuberculosis Prevention
    Osnat Barazani, Thomas Erdos, Raafi Chowdhury, Gursimratpreet Kaur, Vishwanath Venketaraman
    Biology.2025; 14(4): 417.     CrossRef
  • In-silico epitope-based vaccines design: progress, challenges and the road ahead
    Federica Cernuto, Avisa Maleki, Giulia Russo, Valentina Di Salvatore, Francesco Pappalardo
    Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery.2025; 20(12): 1701.     CrossRef
  • Design of multi-epitope-based therapeutic vaccine candidates from HBc and HBx proteins of hepatitis B virus using reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics approaches
    Patricia Gita Naully, Marselina Irasonia Tan, Husna Nugrahapraja, Aluicia Anita Artarini, Reza Aditama, Ernawati Arifin Giri-Rachman, Sheikh Arslan Sehgal
    PLOS ONE.2024; 19(12): e0313269.     CrossRef
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Immunoinformatics approach for design novel multi-epitope prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine based on capsid proteins L1 and L2 and oncoproteins E6 and E7 of human papillomavirus 16 and human papillomavirus 18 against cervical cancer
Nicholas Ryan, Sari Eka Pratiwi, Mardhia Mardhia, Ysrafil Ysrafil, Delima Fajar Liana, Mahyarudin Mahyarudin
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(4):307-328.
Published online July 23, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0013
Immunoinformatics approach for design novel multi-epitope prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine based on capsid proteins L1 and L2 and oncoproteins E6 and E7 of human papillomavirus 16 and human papillomavirus 18 against cervical cancer
Objectives
This study aimed to identify the optimal protein construction for designing a multi-epitope vaccine with both prophylactic and therapeutic effects against cervical cancer, utilizing an immunoinformatics approach. The construction process involved using capsid epitopes L1 and L2, as well as oncoproteins E5, E6, and E7 from human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18.
Methods
An experimental in silico analysis with an immunoinformatics approach was used to develop 2 multi-epitope vaccine constructs (A and B). Further analysis was then conducted to compare the constructs and select the one with the highest potential against cervical cancer.
Results
This study produced 2 antigenic, non-allergenic, and nontoxic multi-epitope vaccine constructs (A and B), which exhibited the ideal physicochemical properties for a vaccine. Further analysis revealed that construct B effectively induced both cellular and humoral immune responses.
Conclusion
The multi-epitope vaccine construct B for HPV 16 and 18, designed for both prophylactic and therapeutic purposes, met the development criteria for a cervical cancer vaccine. However, these findings need to be validated through in vitro and in vivo experiments.

Citations

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  • In-silico design and evaluation of a novel mRNA vaccine against human bocavirus 1: A neglected viral pathogen
    Aleeza Rubab, Asifa Sarfraz, Muhammad Umer Khan, Khaled Fahmi Fawy, Mohibullah Shah
    Computers in Biology and Medicine.2026; 200: 111344.     CrossRef
  • Design of a Multi‐Epitope Vaccine Targeting α‐Synuclein for Parkinson's Disease Using Immunoinformatics Tools
    Tatiane Batista dos Santos, Helena de Almeida Cerqueira Kodel, Geniana da Silva Gomes, Tatiane de Oliveira Xavier Machado, Dalton Ferreira Matos, Rafael Junqueira Borges, Daniela Droppa‐Almeida, Margarete Zanardo Gomes
    Peptide Science.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • In-silico design of a multi-epitope vaccine candidate against Strongyloides stercoralis
    Yanick Aqua Stong Tangan, G. Takop Nchanji, Eric Ndumu, Abey Blessings Ayuk, Kongnyu Brandon Ngala, Melvis Berinyuy Dulandzev, Ntang Emmaculate Yaah, Lahngong Methodius Shinyuy, Cabirou Mounchili Shintouo, Bernis Neneyoh Yengo, Andreen Egbe Enowkpen, Mary
    BMC Infectious Diseases.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The current landscape of therapeutic vaccination approaches for treatment of HPV-dependent malignancies
    Johanne Audouze-Chaud, Ann-Katrin Schlosser, Angelika B. Riemer
    npj Vaccines.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Design of Multi‐Epitope DIVA‐Compatible Vaccine Candidate Against Canine Parvovirus 2
    Shubham Sharma, Pratishtha Sharma, Ravindra Pal Mandar, Ram Kumar, Ashok Gaur, Mamta Gurjar, Rajesh Singathia, Braj Nandan Shringi, Sunita Choudhary, Amit Kumar Pandey
    Journal of Molecular Recognition.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A bioinformatics pipeline for the design of a SART3-targeted cancer vaccine with enhanced immunogenicity
    Zeynab Bayat, Faezeh Mahdian-Khoo, Lida Samie, Amir Taherkhani
    Genomics & Informatics.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Computational design of a novel chimeric multi-epitope vaccine against chlamydia trachomatis serovar a to prevent trachoma
    Muhammad Irsyad Amien, Bimanda Rizki Nurhidayat, Siti Ulfatur Rizqa, Siti Zahra Arfiani, Latiefah Noer Widiastuti, Galuh Prasasti Isbach
    Brazilian Journal of Microbiology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Computationally guided multi-epitope vaccine design targeting oncoprotein BZLF1, EBNA1, LMP1, and LMP2 for of EBV associated gastric cancer
    Elvin Delonio, Ysrafil Ysrafil, Herlina Eka Shinta, Sari Eka Pratiwi
    Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Immunoinformatics Approach to Develop a Novel Chimeric L1/L2 Messenger RNA-based Vaccine Targeting a Broad Spectrum of Human Papillomavirus Species
    Nshimiyimana Sylvere, James Kimotho, Caroline Wangari Ngugi
    World's Veterinary Journal.2025; 15(2): 341.     CrossRef
  • Multi-epitope vaccine construct against Staphylococcus aureus : insights from immunoinformatics and molecular dynamics simulations
    K. Nachammai, P. Sangavi, K. Abishek, K. Langeswaran
    SAR and QSAR in Environmental Research.2025; 36(9): 795.     CrossRef
  • Designing a Multi-Epitope Vaccine Against HPV 16, 18, 33, and 45 Targeting L1 and E7 Proteins: An Immunoinformatics Approach for Cervical Cancer Prevention and Therapy
    Md. Touki Tahamid Tusar, Niamul Haq, Hafizur Rahman Gazi, Raduyan Farazi, Mamun Bhuya, Md. Enamul Haque, Md. Golzar Hossain, Abdullah-Al-Jubayer
    Bioinformatics and Biology Insights.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    June See Chong, John Doorbar
    Tumour Virus Research.2024; 18: 200297.     CrossRef
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  • Crossref

Review Article

Effectiveness of virtual reality-supported exercise therapy in improving upper extremity function and activities of daily living among patients after stroke: a systematic review of randomized control trials
Objectives
This systematic review describes the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR)-supported exercise therapy on upper limb motor function and activities of daily living after stroke. Methods: Studies published through January 24, 2022, were identified using CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, and Web of Science. Randomized control trials comparing VR treatment with conventional therapy (CT) for upper extremity rehabilitation after stroke were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Results: Of 9 included studies, 5 concluded that the VR group outperformed control participants, 1 indicated the superiority of VR-supported exercises alone over CT, and 3 found VR comparable to CT in promoting upper limb motor function. Five studies analyzed independence in daily living, with 4 reporting no significant difference between VR and CT groups. No strong evidence indicated long-term benefits of VR-assisted exercise. All included studies demonstrated low risk of bias concerning random sequence generation, allocation concealment, outcome assessment blinding, incomplete outcome data, and selective reporting bias. However, a high risk of bias was observed regarding participant blinding due to the nature of the intervention. Conclusion: Most studies suggested that VR, used alongside CT, can improve motor function following stroke. However, the evidence was insufficient to conclude that VR outperforms conventional approaches.

Citations

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  • Challenges and Benefits of Virtual Reality in Home-Based Poststroke Rehabilitation: Co-Design Qualitative Study
    Trust Saidi, Ann Marie Hestetun-Mandrup, Nenad Pavel, Ingvild Kristina Hurum Rosseland, Kathinka Granum Selmer-Olsen, Nora Synnøve Mørk, Åse Bergheim, Minna Annika Pikkarainen
    JMIR Human Factors.2026; 13: e78798.     CrossRef
  • Neural correlates of virtual hand movements using ecologically valid tasks
    Silvia Erika Kober, Lisa Maria Berger, Daniela Kern, Guilherme Wood, Petra Schwingenschuh
    Frontiers in Virtual Reality.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Artificial Intelligence in Stroke Rehabilitation: A 20‐Year Bibliometric Analysis of Digital Health Trends and Technologies
    Yuhua Li, Weixi Liu, Xiaomei Yuan
    Brain and Behavior.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Promoting adapted physical activity through immersive virtual reality: a feasibility study in community organizations
    Aurélien Ramos, Sarah-Maude Ruest, Roxanne Périnet-Lacroix, Julien Marceaux, Keith Beaudoin, Danielle Levac, Martin Lemay, Marika Demers, Hubert D. Gascon, Martine Bordeleau, Krista L. Best, Maxime T. Robert
    Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Kinesiotherapy in medical rehabilitation and prevention of non-communicable diseases: the role of biofeedback, neuroplasticity, virtual reality and exoskeletons
    K. Korbel, A. Chalupka-Borowska, B. Depczyńska, A. Madziewicz, A. Bilska, A. Bartkowiak-Graczyk
    Fizjoterapia Polska.2026; 26(2/2026): 59.     CrossRef
  • Advances in hemiplegia rehabilitation: modern therapeutic interventions to enhance activities of daily living
    Jing Xiong, Jin-Tian Wang, Shu Lin, Bao-Yuan Xie
    Frontiers in Neurology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effect of virtual reality-based upper limb training on activity of daily living and quality of life among stroke survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Diriba Dereje Olana, Teklu Gemechu Abessa, Dheeraj Lamba, Lisa Tedesco Triccas, Bruno Bonnechere
    Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Research on upper limb motor function evaluation and rehabilitation training system of stroke patients based on artificial intelligence: A usability and feasibility study from therapist and patient perspectives
    Qiurong Xie, Qi Zhang, Yanxin Zhang, Bo Sheng, Xiaoling Wang, Jia Luo, Jia Huang
    DIGITAL HEALTH.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Efficacy of a Virtual Reality Rehabilitation Protocol Based on Art Therapy in Patients with Stroke: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
    Gaetano Tieri, Marco Iosa, Antonio Fortini, Federica Aghilarre, Federico Gentili, Cristiano Rubeca, Tommaso Mastropietro, Gabriella Antonucci, Roberto De Giorgi
    Brain Sciences.2024; 14(9): 863.     CrossRef
  • Elevating patient experience: Transformative strategies in hand therapy
    Jean Paul Brutus, Bianieff Tchiloemba, Anna Galstyan, Tom Lattré, Aviva Wolff, Alison Taylor
    Hand Surgery and Rehabilitation.2024; 43(5): 101764.     CrossRef
  • 9,675 View
  • 276 Download
  • 11 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Original Articles

The impact of digital literacy on older adults’ self-rated health, depression, and life satisfaction: a cross-sectional study using 2023 National Survey of Older Koreans
Objectives
This study examined the associations between digital literacy and self-rated health (SRH), depression, and life satisfaction among older adults in the Republic of Korea.
Methods
Data were obtained from the 2023 National Survey of Older Koreans (n=9,951). Digital literacy was evaluated based on participants’ ability to use 8 smartphone functions and their perceived difficulty adapting to a digital society. Dependent variables included SRH, depression (measured using the short form of Geriatric Depression Scale), and life satisfaction (assessed through a composite score across 7 domains). Multiple logistic regression was applied for SRH and depression, while linear regression was conducted for life satisfaction, adjusting for sociodemographic and health-related covariates.
Results
Higher digital literacy was significantly associated with better SRH and greater life satisfaction. Compared to participants with no digital skills, those with moderate or high digital literacy had higher odds of reporting good SRH and significantly higher life satisfaction scores. Older adults who reported difficulty adapting to a digital society demonstrated significantly lower SRH and life satisfaction. However, after adjusting for covariates, the association between digital literacy and depression was not statistically significant.
Conclusion
Higher digital literacy is linked to better SRH and greater life satisfaction. Moreover, digital literacy reduced the explanatory power of socioeconomic variables, suggesting that it serves as an important behavioral determinant. These findings underscore the importance of promoting digital literacy as a means of improving health equity and well-being in aging populations.

Citations

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  • The Effect of Digital Literacy on Depression Among Older Adults With Chronic Diseases: The Moderating Role of Self-Rated Health
    Hyein Seo, Subin Yu
    The International Journal of Aging and Human Devel.2026; 103(4): 480.     CrossRef
  • Digital device use and disparities in health literacy among older adults
    Heeran Chun, Cheong-Seok Kim, Il-Ho Kim
    Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2026; 43(2): 87.     CrossRef
  • Impact of an Interaction-Oriented, Information and Communication Technology-Based Community Care Service on Nutritional Status and Dietary Behavior of Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Quasi-Experimental Study
    Seojin Yun, Seulgi Lee, Eun Young Lee, Kirang Kim
    Preventive Nutrition and Food Science.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Predicting longitudinal depressive symptom trajectories among older Chinese adults with chronic health conditions: An interpretable machine learning study
    Zhan Yu, Anao Zhang, Kaipeng Wang, Qiuling An, Meiyan Chen, Yuting Wang, Zeqiang Wang
    International Psychogeriatrics.2026; : 100270.     CrossRef
  • Sustaining Social Connection in a Super-Aged Society: Changes in the Association Between Social Ties and Life Satisfaction Among Korean Older Adults, 2011–2023
    Seonmi Choi, Junghyun Kim
    Sustainability.2026; 18(18): 9449.     CrossRef
  • Digital Ageism and Ageism Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults and the Mediating Role of Expectations Regarding Aging: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Gahye Kim, Aeri Jung
    Research in Community and Public Health Nursing.2026; 37: 403.     CrossRef
  • Disaggregating Digital Competence: Social Activity Participation and Depressive Symptoms Among Korean Older Adults
    Young-Mi Jung, NakHyeok Choi
    Behavioral Sciences.2026; 16(10): 1742.     CrossRef
  • The impact of digitalisation on the development of physical activity of older people (through the example of European Union countries)
    Zhaxat Kenzhin, Tursynzada Kuangaliyeva, Assem Aitkaliyeva, Yerbol Myrzabossynov, Aigerim Zhunussova, Odiljon Dadabayev
    Frontiers in Public Health.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 3,977 View
  • 172 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • Crossref
BCED-Net: Breast Cancer Ensemble Diagnosis Network using transfer learning and the XGBoost classifier with mammography images
Drishti Arora, Rakesh Garg, Farhan Asif
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(5):409-419.
Published online September 10, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0361
BCED-Net: Breast Cancer Ensemble Diagnosis Network using transfer learning and the XGBoost classifier with mammography images
Objectives
Breast cancer poses a significant global health challenge, characterized by complex origins and the potential for life-threatening metastasis. The critical need for early and accurate detection is underscored by the 685,000 lives claimed by the disease worldwide in 2020. Deep learning has made strides in advancing the prompt diagnosis of breast cancer. However, obstacles persist, such as dealing with high-dimensional data and the risk of overfitting, necessitating fresh approaches to improve accuracy and real-world applicability.
Methods
In response to these challenges, we propose BCED-Net, which stands for Breast Cancer Ensemble Diagnosis Network. This innovative framework leverages transfer learning and the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) classifier on the Breast Cancer RSNA dataset. Our methodology involved feature extraction using pre-trained models—namely, Resnet50, EfficientnetB3, VGG19, Densenet121, and ConvNeXtTiny—followed by the concatenation of the extracted features. Our most promising configuration combined features extracted from deep convolutional neural networks—namely Resnet50, EfficientnetB3, and ConvNeXtTiny—that were classified using the XGBoost classifier.
Results
The ensemble approach demonstrated strong overall performance with an accuracy of 0.89. The precision, recall, and F1-score values, which were all at 0.86, highlight a balanced trade-off between correctly identified positive instances and the ability to capture all actual positive samples.
Conclusion
BCED-Net represents a significant leap forward in addressing persistent issues such as the high dimensionality of features and the risk of overfitting.

Citations

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  • Deep transfer learning for breast cancer classification in mammography: A systematic review
    Adedoyin Elizabeth Oyekanmi, Yanxia Sun, Olugbenga Jeremiah Olamijuwon
    Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine Updat.2026; 9: 100251.     CrossRef
  • A cross data learning architecture for breast cancer classification using mammograms
    J. Aina, O. Akinniyi, M.N.A. Mulla, J.W. Gichoya, H. Trivedi, T.J. Meeker, Md M. Rahman, F. Khalifa
    Biomedical Signal Processing and Control.2026; 123: 110592.     CrossRef
  • The predictive value of multiple artificial intelligence models in axillary lymph node metastasis of breast cancer detected by ultrasound — a network meta-analysis
    Zhen Wang, Jian Dong, Yuhang Cheng, Yang Y, Wen Liu, Jun Li, Ting Ma
    Frontiers in Oncology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Brest cancer classification using optimized EfficientNet deep learning model
    Sheilla Ann Pacheco, Jayzel P. Bangoy, Zain G Rehman, Sania F Rehman, Mahesh Goyani, Smit Goyani
    Procedia Computer Science.2026; 283: 4377.     CrossRef
  • Self-knowledge distillation for prediction of breast cancer molecular subtypes based on digital breast tomosynthesis
    Wei Guo, Jiayi Bo, Shilin Chen, Zhaoxuan Gong, Guodong Zhang, Hanxun Zhou, Zekun Wang, Peng Zhao, Wenyan Jiang
    Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing.2025; 63(11): 3169.     CrossRef
  • Artificial Intelligence Pipeline for Mammography-Based Breast Cancer Detection: An Integrated Systematic Review and Large-Scale Experimental Validation
    Daniel Añez, Giuseppe Conti, Juan José Uriarte, José-Javier Serrano-Olmedo, Ricardo Martínez-Murillo, Oscar Casanova-Carvajal
    Medicina.2025; 61(12): 2237.     CrossRef
  • Dual‐View Deep Learning Model for Accurate Breast Cancer Detection in Mammograms
    Dilawar Shah, Mohammad Asmat Ullah Khan, Mohammad Abrar, Muhammad Tahir, Zhiyuan Qi
    International Journal of Intelligent Systems.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 12,372 View
  • 108 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • Crossref
AI-powered COVID-19 forecasting: a comprehensive comparison of advanced deep learning methods
Muhammad Usman Tariq, Shuhaida Binti Ismail
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(2):115-136.
Published online March 28, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0287
AI-powered COVID-19 forecasting: a comprehensive comparison of advanced deep learning methods
Objectives
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to pose significant challenges to the public health sector, including that of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The objective of this study was to assess the efficiency and accuracy of various deep-learning models in forecasting COVID-19 cases within the UAE, thereby aiding the nation’s public health authorities in informed decision-making. Methods: This study utilized a comprehensive dataset encompassing confirmed COVID-19 cases, demographic statistics, and socioeconomic indicators. Several advanced deep learning models, including long short-term memory (LSTM), bidirectional LSTM, convolutional neural network (CNN), CNN-LSTM, multilayer perceptron, and recurrent neural network (RNN) models, were trained and evaluated. Bayesian optimization was also implemented to fine-tune these models. Results: The evaluation framework revealed that each model exhibited different levels of predictive accuracy and precision. Specifically, the RNN model outperformed the other architectures even without optimization. Comprehensive predictive and perspective analytics were conducted to scrutinize the COVID-19 dataset. Conclusion: This study transcends academic boundaries by offering critical insights that enable public health authorities in the UAE to deploy targeted data-driven interventions. The RNN model, which was identified as the most reliable and accurate for this specific context, can significantly influence public health decisions. Moreover, the broader implications of this research validate the capability of deep learning techniques in handling complex datasets, thus offering the transformative potential for predictive accuracy in the public health and healthcare sectors.

Citations

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  • Opportunities and challenges of artificial intelligence in public health: a systematic review on technological efficacy, ethical dilemmas, and governance pathways
    Qin Gao, Lin Chen, Zhenyu Huang
    Frontiers in Public Health.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Enhancing Influenza-Like Illness forecasting: An ensemble approach combining mathematical and deep learning models amidst the COVID-19 pandemic
    Ganghyun Yoon, Amanda Bleichrodt, Gerardo Chowell, Sunmi Lee
    Epidemics.2026; 54: 100901.     CrossRef
  • Artificial Intelligence during a Public Health Crisis: A Trend Analysis of COVID-19 Research
    Sunghye Choi, Chang Kil Lee, Dohyeong Kim
    Journal of Environmental Health Sciences.2025; 51(3): 109.     CrossRef
  • Detecting outbreaks using a spatial latent field
    Cosmin Safta, Jaideep Ray, Wyatt Bridgman, Yoo Min Park
    PLOS One.2025; 20(7): e0328770.     CrossRef
  • Wastewater as an early indicator for short-term forecasting COVID-19 hospitalization in Germany
    Jonas Radermacher, Steffen Thiel, Aimo Kannt, Holger Fröhlich
    BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Potential impacts of socio-economic changes on urban acoustic environment: evidence from 20 cities in Southern China
    Ping Lu, Kai Yuan Zhan, Wei Zhen Xu, Wei Ren, Jiang Liu, Xin-Chen Hong
    Environment, Development and Sustainability.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Bridging statistics and deep learning: a causal data-fusion framework for epidemic prediction
    Vasileios E. Papageorgiou, Georgios Petmezas, Aristeidis Georgakis, Nicos Maglaveras, George Tsaklidis
    Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Comp.2025; : 1.     CrossRef
  • 11,148 View
  • 181 Download
  • 7 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Review Article

Predictors of outcomes 3 to 12 months after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Younes Iderdar, Maryem Arraji, Nadia Al Wachami, Morad Guennouni, Karima Boumendil, Yassmine Mourajid, Noureddine Elkhoudri, Elmadani Saad, Mohamed Chahboune
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(1):3-17.
Published online February 5, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0288
Predictors of outcomes 3 to 12 months after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis
The exact factors predicting outcomes following traumatic brain injury (TBI) remain elusive. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we examined factors influencing outcomes in adult patients with TBI, from 3 months to 1 year after injury. A search of four electronic databases—PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect—yielded 29 studies for review and 16 for meta-analysis, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. In patients with TBI of any severity, mean differences were observed in age (8.72 years; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.77–12.66 years), lymphocyte count (−0.15 109/L; 95% CI, −0.18 to −0.11), glucose levels (1.20 mmol/L; 95% CI, 0.73–1.68), and haemoglobin levels (−0.91 g/dL; 95% CI, −1.49 to −0.33) between those with favourable and unfavourable outcomes. The prevalence rates of unfavourable outcomes were as follows: abnormal cisterns, 65.7%; intracranial pressure above 20 mmHg, 52.9%; midline shift of 5 mm or more, 63%; hypotension, 71%; hypoxia, 86.8%; blood transfusion, 70.3%; and mechanical ventilation, 90%. Several predictors were strongly associated with outcome. Specifically, age, lymphocyte count, glucose level, haemoglobin level, severity of TBI, pupillary reaction, and type of injury were identified as potential predictors of long-term outcomes.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Premorbid physical activity and recovery following an isolated acute traumatic brain injury: an exploratory study
    Naomie Maltais, Elaine de Guise, Maude Laguë-Beauvais, Laurence Trépanier, Jehane H. Dagher
    Global Neurological Insights.2026; 1(1): 100003.     CrossRef
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    Elise Beijer, Floor J. Mansvelder, Romein W. G. Dujardin, Nicole P. Juffermans, Linda J. Schoonmade, Leo M. G. Geeraedts, Frank W. Bloemers, Charissa E. van den Brom, Patrick Schober
    Neurocritical Care.2026; 45(1): 395.     CrossRef
  • The severity of traumatic brain injury impacts the response to non-pharmacological treatment for post-traumatic amnesia: A retrospective observational study
    Èlia Vilageliu-Jordà, Antonia Enseñat-Cantallops, Alberto García-Molina
    Applied Neuropsychology: Adult.2026; : 1.     CrossRef
  • Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality in Traumatic Acute Subdural Hematoma: The Role of Admission International Normalized Ratio, Imaging Parameters and Neurological Severity
    Serban Iancu Papacocea, Miruna Ioana Lazăr, Romica Cergan, Ioana Anca Badarau, Toma Marius Papacocea
    Biomedicines.2026; 14(6): 1388.     CrossRef
  • A Systematic Review of Clinical Outcome Trajectories from 3 to 12 Months Following Mild or Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury
    Carl Marincowitz, Fiona Lecky, Abdullah Pandor, Ruth Wong, Thomas Shanahan, Michael Tonkins, Rajiv Singh, James Piercy, Andrew Maas, Lindsay Wilson
    Journal of Neurotrauma.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Distinct Five-Year Latent Class Trajectories and Predictors of Functional Cognitive Independence Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A TBI Model Systems Study
    Evan D. Feigel, Charlotte B. Luster, Chris W. Lewis, Brenna Finegan, Michael J. Mastrodicasa, Maëlle-Marie Troadec, David Guo, Ben Olsen, Ignacio Fuentes, Joseph T. Giacino, Regina Barzilay, Daniel H. Daneshvar
    Neurotrauma Reports.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Traumatic Brain Injury and Artificial Intelligence: Shaping the Future of Neurorehabilitation—A Review
    Seun Orenuga, Philip Jordache, Daniel Mirzai, Tyler Monteros, Ernesto Gonzalez, Ahmed Madkoor, Rahim Hirani, Raj K. Tiwari, Mill Etienne
    Life.2025; 15(3): 424.     CrossRef
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Original Articles

Assessment of healthcare workers’ knowledge and attitudes toward mpox and acceptance of its vaccine: a health belief model-based analysis in the Gulf region
Mona Gamal Mohamed, Eman Abdelaziz Ahmed Dabou, Fatma M. Ibrahim, Shaimaa Abdelsamad, Jibin Kunjavara, Kamaruddeen Mannethodi, Moayad Ahmad Wishah, Abdullah Y. Shihab, Khaled Mohammed Al-Sayaghi, Hammad Ali Fadlalmola, Mohammed Musaed Al-Jabri
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(4):357-372.
Published online June 25, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0113
Assessment of healthcare workers’ knowledge and attitudes toward mpox and acceptance of its vaccine: a health belief model-based analysis in the Gulf region
Objectives
This study aimed to (1) assess healthcare workers’ (HCWs) knowledge and attitudes toward mpox across 3 Gulf countries, and (2) examine factors influencing their acceptance of the mpox vaccine using the health belief model (HBM). This model evaluated perceptions related to susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy. Additionally, the study explored the impact of prior coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination history on mpox vaccine acceptance. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 764 HCWs from the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Saudi Arabia, and Qatar. Data were collected through a structured online questionnaire based on HBM constructs. Logistic regression and structural equation modeling were employed to analyze predictors of vaccine acceptance. Results: Knowledge levels varied across the countries, with the highest proportion of good knowledge reported in the UAE (59%). UAE HCWs also demonstrated higher perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, and intention to vaccinate compared to those in Saudi Arabia and Qatar (p<0.001). Receiving 4 doses of the COVID-19 vaccine was associated with greater acceptance of the mpox vaccine. Among the HBM constructs, perceived benefits and self-efficacy were identified as the strongest predictors of vaccine acceptance. Perceived barriers, such as fear of side effects and concerns about vaccine safety, were more prominent among HCWs in Saudi Arabia and Qatar. Conclusion: The HBM effectively explains the factors influencing mpox vaccine acceptance among Gulf HCWs. Targeted interventions that improve perceived benefits, reduce barriers, and improve self-efficacy may facilitate greater vaccine uptake and preparedness for emerging infectious diseases.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Determinants of Mpox vaccine uptake and hesitancy among healthcare workers in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
    Moore Ikechi Mike-Ogburia, Chiziyara Orluibna Obunwo, Elizabeth Efeelobari Letam, Ayebaemi Wilfred Dambo, Samuel Chima Agumagu, Tamunosaki Fubara-Manuel, Charles Henry Esukpa
    BMC Infectious Diseases.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Knowledge and attitudes toward mpox among the Lebanese population during the second wave and their attitudes toward vaccination
    Mohammad Tanashat, Nour Fakih, Nour El Bizri, Mohamed Saad Rakab, Mohamed Abouzid, Karen Sleiman, Hadi Hassan, Moetasem Al Sayed, Zahraa Zibara, Ahmad Afyouni, Pascale Salameh
    Scientific Reports.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Decoding Vaccine Hesitancy in Mpox Across Multiple Middle Eastern Countries: Public Knowledge, Attitudes, Worry, Conspiracy Beliefs, and Acceptance
    Mona Gamal Mohamed, Huda Mohamed Ali Rasheed, Manjula G. Bhagavathy, Moayad Ahmad Wishah, Dibbo Protim Ghosh, Md. Rabiul Islam, Ramya Kundayi Ravi
    Health Science Reports.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Mpox Awareness and Infection Control Practices Among Hospital Nurses and Healthcare Workers in Bangladesh
    Hemayet Hossain, Md. Abdur Nur Sakib, Mostafizor Rahman, Zerin Tasnim Romana, Md. Hasan Ali, Snigdha Sharmin Binte Sayeed, Khadiza Akter Brishty, Md. Shahidur Rahman Chowdhury, Md. Mahfujur Rahman
    Public Health Challenges.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Artificial intelligence and biohealth: the Republic of Korea’s emerging priorities in health care R&D
    Jong-Koo Lee
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2025; 16(4): 309.     CrossRef
  • Nursing Students’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Toward Monkeypox Virus: A Cross-Sectional Survey at the University of Palermo, 2022
    Barbara Ravazzolo, Francesco Leonforte, Letizia Cascio, Clara Ferrara, Federico Li Causi, Francesco Armetta, Maria Lampasona, Rinaldo Stefano Miceli, Carlo Fantini, Klara Komici, Alberto Firenze
    Zoonotic Diseases.2025; 6(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • 3,801 View
  • 145 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
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Assessment of brucellosis-causing pathogens with an emphasis on the prevalence of Brucella melitensis in the Republic of Korea: insights from a decade of pathogen surveillance (2014–2023), a retrospective study
In-Sook Shin, Su-Gwon Roh, Byoung-Chul Gill, Young-Suk Kim, Kyung-Won Hwang
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(6):489-496.
Published online November 19, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0134
Assessment of brucellosis-causing pathogens with an emphasis on the prevalence of Brucella melitensis in the Republic of Korea: insights from a decade of pathogen surveillance (2014–2023), a retrospective study
Objectives
The main Brucella species causing human infections in the Republic of Korea is Brucella abortus, which uses cattle as its host. However, since 2014, Brucella melitensis, which uses sheep and goats as hosts, has also been identified. This study investigated whether a shift has occurred in the predominant species of Brucella pathogens.
Methods
Brucellosis is a class 3 infectious disease requiring mandatory reporting and registration in the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency’s infectious disease surveillance system (http://is.kdca.go.kr). Cases from 2014 to 2023 were studied, and whole-genome sequencing analysis was conducted using BruMLSA21.
Results
Out of 51 patients, males (45 patients, 88.2%) were predominantly affected. Twenty-five patients (49%) came from the livestock industry, and within the livestock sector group, the route of infection occurred exclusively through contact (25/25, 100%), whereas in other occupations, it was split between contact (9/26 patients, 34.6%) and ingestion (8/26 patients, 30.8%). Among the 31 patients who underwent Brucella culture tests, B. melitensis was found to be more prevalent than B. abortus (14 patients, 45.2% vs. 11 patients, 35.5%). In all cases where B. melitensis was isolated, the infections were of foreign origin, consistent with the results of BruMLSA21.
Conclusion
Regular monitoring of the causative agent of brucellosis is necessary due to its varying host preferences and antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, given the increasing prevalence of B. melitensis worldwide, changes in dietary habits (e.g., increased lamb consumption), and the increase in foreign workers and Chinese immigrants, a multi-ministerial One Health response will be required.

Citations

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  • Peculiarities of Brucellosis Spread in Urban and Rural Areas of Jalal-Abad Region, Kyrgyz Republic
    Zholdoshev Saparbai Tezekbayevich, Temirov Nemat Moydunovich, Akzholtoeva Aizharkyn Akzholtoevna, Tashieva Gulbara Samidinovna, Sorombaeva Nadira Orozbekovna, Akhunbaeva Tattygul Raimzhanovna, Ali Munir Mirza
    World Journal of Environmental Biosciences.2026; 15(1): 8.     CrossRef
  • Epidemiology and zoonotic impact of brucellosis in ruminants from a one health perspective
    Arslan Khan Barozai Barozai, Rana Dawood Naseer, Ehsanullah ., Hafiz Mohammed Hamayun, Mahnoor Farrukh, Kashif Iqbal
    Forensic Insights and Health Sciences Bulletin.2026; : 69.     CrossRef
  • First report of a Brucella inopinata-like atypical Brucella strain isolated from a waxy monkey treefrog (Phyllomedusa bicolor) in the Republic of Korea: Case Report
    Myeongsu Kim, Zun Zun Wut Hmohn, Jae-Ik Han
    Frontiers in Veterinary Science.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Senility, defecation disorders, sleep disorders, and non-operative spinal infections: A single-center retrospective analysis
    Ling-Ling Guo, Hong-Kun Liu, Jin-Feng Cao, Hai-Xia Zhang, Bo Li, Tong Li, Liang Li
    World Journal of Orthopedics.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Unraveling brucellosis: advances in pathogenesis, diagnostic strategies, therapeutic innovations, and public health perspectives
    Abdulaziz M. Almuzaini, Ayman Elbehiry
    Frontiers in Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • BRUCELLA ENFEKSİYONLARI VE ERADİKASYON
    Zübeyde Arslan
    Veteriner Farmakoloji ve Toksikoloji Derneği Bülte.2025; 16(3): 95.     CrossRef
  • 5,165 View
  • 130 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Rural-urban differences in common mental disorders among Indonesian youth: a cross-sectional national survey
Marizka Khairunnisa, Diah Yunitawati, Leny Latifah, Diyan Ermawan Effendi, Yunita Fitrianti, Sri Handayani, Hastin Dyah Kusumawardani
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(5):440-450.
Published online August 21, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0385
Rural-urban differences in common mental disorders among Indonesian youth: a cross-sectional national survey
Objectives
The onset of common mental disorders (CMDs) is most prevalent among youth; thus, mental health management is crucial. We examined differences in risk and risk factor determinants regarding CMDs prevalence among youth in rural and urban Indonesia. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized data from the 2018 Indonesia National Health Survey. The population comprised 122,114 respondents, aged 15 to 24 years, who had completed the 20-item Self-Report Questionnaire along with providing demographic and health behavior data. Chi-square testing and logistic regression were employed for analysis. Results: The CMDs risk was higher among urban than rural youth. Risk factors impacting both populations included being female, having a lower education level, consuming fewer than 7 portions of vegetables weekly, smoking, and drinking alcohol (p<0.05). Consuming under 7 portions of fruit weekly and being in the highest or lowest wealth quintile were significant risk factors only in urban youth, while unemployment and divorce were significant only among rural respondents (p<0.05). Marriage was protective against CMDs among rural participants. Conclusion: Being male, possessing a college degree, consuming at least 7 portions of vegetables weekly, not smoking, and not consuming alcohol were associated with reduced CMDs risk in urban and rural youth. Among rural youth, marriage and employment were linked to decreased risk, whereas divorce displayed the opposite relationship. In urban populations, consuming at least 7 portions of fruit weekly and belonging to neither the highest nor the lowest economic quintile were protective factors. Management strategies for CMDs in young people must address these considerations.

Citations

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  • Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the MHI-9: A Brief Dual-Factor Mental Health Screener for Nonclinical Filipino University Students
    Benedict G. Antazo
    Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Devel.2026; 59(4): 404.     CrossRef
  • Sociodemographic and Geographic Influences of Mental Health Literacy: A Cross-Sectional Survey Among Community Health Clinic Attendees in Tshwane, South Africa
    Oratilwe Penwell Mokoena, Eric Maimela, Dumisile Priscilla Madlala, Thembelihle Sam Ntuli
    International Journal of Environmental Research an.2026; 23(2): 228.     CrossRef
  • Depression, Anxiety and Stress Among Students at the University of Pristina-Kosovska Mitrovica, Kosovo and Metohija, Serbia
    Danijela Ilic, Jovana Milosevic, Jovana Todorovic, Zorica Terzic-Supic, Ilija Dragojevic, Mirjana Stojanovic-Tasic, Emilija Novakovic, Tijana Spasojevic, Svetozar Memarovic, Milivoje Galjak, Kristina Rakic, Mirijana Virijevic, Kristina Stevanovic, Jelena
    Healthcare.2026; 14(7): 958.     CrossRef
  • Interrelated adolescent-level food insecurity and common mental health disorders in Harari Region, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
    Kasiye Shiferaw, Gari Hunduma, Yadeta Dessie, Tesfaye Assebe Yadeta, Biftu Geda, Negussie Deyessa, Othman A. Alfuqaha
    PLOS One.2026; 21(5): e0348774.     CrossRef
  • Explaining Suicidal Behavior Among Adolescents in the Urban Community Context: Insights From a School‐Based Study in Depok City, Indonesia
    Dicky C. Pelupessy, Dimas B. Prasetyo, Amelia Putri, Ferena Debineva, Susanne Argamaso, Sabrina Arredondo Mattson, Beverly Kingston, Shr‐Jie Wang
    Journal of Community Psychology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Healthcare, caregiver and human capital costs associated with anxiety and depression among Indonesian youths
    Karen Arulsamy, Elmeida Effendy, Sarah Mardhiyah, Mustafa M Amin, M Surya Husada, Vita Camellia, Anne-Claire Stona, Eric Andrew Finkelstein
    BMJ Paediatrics Open.2025; 9(1): e003632.     CrossRef
  • 7,725 View
  • 244 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Evaluation of the acute hepatitis B surveillance system in the Republic of Korea following the transition to mandatory surveillance
Jaehwa Chung, Jeonghee Yu, Myeongeun Cheon, Sangwoo Tak
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(4):353-363.
Published online August 1, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0083
Evaluation of the acute hepatitis B surveillance system in the Republic of Korea following the transition to mandatory surveillance
Objectives
The prevalence of hepatitis B in the Republic of Korea has declined, yet the disease burden persists. After various changes in targets and methods, the national hepatitis B surveillance system now exclusively monitors acute cases. We aimed to assess the alignment of this system with its intended purpose and to recommend improvements supporting the national strategic plan for viral hepatitis management.
Methods
This study assessed acute hepatitis B cases reported to the Korean Disease Control and Prevention Agency’s mandatory surveillance system over a 10-year period (2013–2022). It evaluated 5 factors from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Updated Guidelines for Evaluating Public Health Surveillance Systems: simplicity, positive predictive value, data quality, timeliness, and usefulness.
Results
The nonspecific nature of acute hepatitis B symptoms, along with the complexity of diagnostic criteria, indicated a high potential for misreporting. The surveillance system demonstrated a high positive predictive value (94.4%), with data quality and timeliness also rated high. However, data following the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic indicate the need for improvement. Moreover, given the relative importance of specific characteristics of chronic infectious diseases, only limited interventions are implementable through the current surveillance system.
Conclusion
The evaluation of the Republic of Korea’s acute hepatitis B surveillance system revealed high positive predictive value, data quality, and timeliness. However, improvements can be made in the misreporting of chronic cases and the system’s usefulness. More accurate reflection of the characteristics of acute hepatitis B cases is essential for better management of viral hepatitis.

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  • International Infectious Disease Surveillance Systems and Implications for Korea: Case of Bacterial Gastroenteritis
    Minsol Jo, Yerin Heo, Dong-Sook Kim, Inmyung Song
    Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2026; 51(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • The burden of chronic hepatitis B and C in 2022 and progress towards elimination: a global report
    Fuqiang Cui, Diana Faini, Devin Razavi-Shearer, Homie Razavi, Casimir Manzengo Mingiedi, Monica Alonso Gonzalez, Ahmed Sabry Alaama, Antons Mozalevskis, Polin Chan, Kiyohiko Izumi, Mohamed Amine Ghrabi, Meg Doherty, Lesi Olufunmilayo, Niklas Luhmann, Cath
    The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2026; 11(6): 509.     CrossRef
  • HepPlus: Protocol for a prospective multicenter observational study of a web-based platform to support Hepatitis B and C management in Thailand
    Pitchaya Chairuengjitjaras, Ketsarapohn Sudchit, Nattapat Boonsiripiyachok, Pisit Tangkijvanich
    Sage Open Chronic Disease.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Identifying Gaps and Challenges in Acute Hepatitis B Surveillance in the Country of Georgia: Comprehensive Surveillance System Evaluation
    Lika Karichashvili, Ketevan Galdavadze, Khatuna Zakhashvili, Maia Tsereteli, Ekaterine Ruadze, Sophia Surguladze, Pawel Stefanoff
    JMIR Public Health and Surveillance.2025; 11: e72888.     CrossRef
  • From Paper to Digital: Performance and Challenges of the Electronic Hepatitis B Surveillance System in Ninh Binh, Northern Vietnam (2017–2022)
    Hien T. Nguyen, Thai Q. Pham, Duc M. Hoang, Quang D. Tran, Giang T. Chu, Thuong T. Nguyen, Nam H. Le, Huyen T. Nguyen, Khanh C. Nguyen, Florian Vogt
    Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease.2024; 9(12): 299.     CrossRef
  • Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 Subunit on the Interplay Between Hepatitis B and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Related Molecular Processes in Human Liver
    Giovanni Colonna
    Livers.2024; 5(1): 1.     CrossRef
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Number of comorbidities and the risk of delay in seeking treatment for coronary heart disease: a longitudinal study in Bogor City, Indonesia
Sulistyowati Tuminah, Lely Indrawati, Woro Riyadina, Tri Wurisastuti, Alfons M. Letelay, Nikson Sitorus, Alifa S. Putri, Siti Isfandari, Irmansyah Irmansyah
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(3):201-211.
Published online June 27, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0337
Number of comorbidities and the risk of delay in seeking treatment for coronary heart disease: a longitudinal study in Bogor City, Indonesia
Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the number of patient comorbidities and the delays in seeking treatment for coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: This longitudinal study utilized secondary data from the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor (NCDRF) cohort study conducted in Bogor City. Individuals who participated in the NCDRF cohort study and were diagnosed with CHD within the 6-year study period met the inclusion criteria. Respondents who were not continuously monitored up to the 6th year were excluded. The final sample included data from respondents with CHD who participated in the NCDRF cohort study and were monitored for the full 6-year duration. The final logistic regression analysis was conducted on data collected from 812 participants. Results: Among the participants with CHD, 702 out of 812 exhibited a delay in seeking treatment. The risk of a delay in seeking treatment was significantly higher among individuals without comorbidities, with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.735–7.036; p<0.001). Among those with a single comorbidity, the risk of delay in seeking treatment was still notable (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.259–5.418; p=0.010) when compared to those with 2 or more comorbidities. These odds were adjusted for age, sex, education level, and health insurance status. Conclusion: The proportion of patients with CHD who delayed seeking treatment was high, particularly among individuals with no comorbidities. Low levels of comorbidity also appeared to correlate with a greater tendency to delay in seeking treatment.

Citations

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  • Role of common mental disorders in uncontrolled hypertension: a longitudinal study in Bogor City, Indonesia
    Tri Wurisastuti, Indri Yunita Suryaputri, Rofingatul Mubasyiroh, Wahyu Pudji Nugraheni
    Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2026; 47(1): 81.     CrossRef
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    Latha P. Palaniappan, Norrina B. Allen, Zaid I. Almarzooq, Cheryl A.M. Anderson, Pankaj Arora, Christy L. Avery, Carissa M. Baker-Smith, Nisha Bansal, Maria E. Currie, Rebecca S. Earlie, Wenjun Fan, Jessica L. Fetterman, Bethany Barone Gibbs, Debra G. Hea
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  • Blood Glucose Variability and Postoperative Organ Function in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Prospective Cohort Study of Microcirculatory Perfusion and Oxygenation
    Arif Mansjoer, Idrus Alwi, Em Yunir, Dita Aditianingsih, Kuntjoro Harimurti, Alida Roswita Harahap, Dudy Arman Hanafy, Taufik Indrajaya, Suhendro Suwarto
    Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia.2026; 40(11): 3648.     CrossRef
  • Adherence to Inhalation Therapy Among COPD Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Tertiary Hospital in Quito, Ecuador
    Juan Izquierdo-Condoy, Fernando Gualpa Álvarez, Estefania Morales-Lapo, Washington Arias Calvache, Jessica Bermúdez Moreira, Katherine Quinga-Chiguano, Esteban Ortiz-Prado
    International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmo.2025; Volume 20: 399.     CrossRef
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    Sarunsorn Krintratun, Wuttipong Srichuachom, Wachira Wongtanasarasin
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(13): 4750.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and Factors Related to Pre-Hospital Delay in Young Patients with ST-Elevation of Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)
    Nooraniza Mohd Kassim, Rosna Abdul Raman, Soh Kim Lam
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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The association between living arrangements and health-related quality of life in Korean older people: a nationwide repeated cross-sectional study
Eunok Park, Philip Larkin, Zee-A Han
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(3):221-228.
Published online May 23, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0273
The association between living arrangements and health-related quality of life in Korean older people: a nationwide repeated cross-sectional study
Objectives
This study investigated the association between living arrangements and healthrelated quality of life (HRQoL) in older people. Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted of 6,153 participants (aged ≥60 years) from the seventh Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016 to 2018). HRQoL was measured using the 3-level version of the EuroQol 5-dimensional questionnaire. The chi-square test, t-test, and multiple regression were used, applying sampling weights for the analysis. Results: The proportion of respondents living alone was 18.0%, with a higher prevalence among women and older age groups (p<0.001). The overall HRQoL was lower in groups living alone than in groups living with others (p<0.001). Older people living alone showed higher impairments in all dimensions of the 3-level version of the European Quality of Life 5-Dimensional Questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L) than those living with others, including mobility (p<0.001), self-care (p<0.001), usual activities (p<0.001), pain/discomfort (p<0.001), and depression/anxiety (p<0.001). Problems with mobility were most prevalent (42.8%), followed by pain/ discomfort (41.9%) in respondents living alone. Living alone was significantly associated with a lower HRQoL index score (b=–0.048, p<0.001) after adjusting for age, gender, education, exercise, perceived stress, and perceived health status. Conclusion: Living alone was negatively associated with HRQoL. Based on this study, future care planning for older people should consider their living arrangements. The need to strengthen and expand care programs targeting those living alone should also be addressed.

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  • Quality of life in later years: A comprehensive review of elderly well-being in India
    Sandhya Bharathi Shanmugasundaram, Pitchaimani Govindharaj, Srihari Ramamoorthy, Vijayalakshmi Purusothaman
    International Journal of Noncommunicable Diseases.2026; 11(2): 82.     CrossRef
  • Factors Related to Quality of Life Among Older Adults with Family Care Vulnerability in Semi-Urban Areas of Thailand
    Arun Boonsang, Laksanee Boonkhao, Nittaya Chakhamrun, Aree Butsorn, Sanga Tubtimhin, Pongsak Rattanachaikunsopon, Sanguansin Ratanalert
    Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare.2026; Volume 19: 1.     CrossRef
  • Occupational Balance, Quality of Life, and Recovery Among Older Mental Health Service Users—A Cross-Sectional Study
    Carina Tordai, Steven M. Schmidt, Elisabeth Argentzell, Mona Eklund
    Occupational Therapy In Health Care.2026; : 1.     CrossRef
  • Association between health-related quality of life and noncommunicable diseases in South Korea
    Seungjae Byun, Kyeongeun Kim, Min Seong Kim, Guillaume Fond, Laurent Boyer, Guillermo F. López Sánchez, Jiseung Kang, Dong Keon Yon
    Medicine.2026; 105(37): e50564.     CrossRef
  • Preventing depression in older adults with chronic illnesses through the SMART Elderly Program: a quasi-experimental study in Central Thailand
    Phongsakorn Toopboochakorn, Nanthawan Nilpayak, Phornphimon Hotarat, Wanida Jaroensuk, Phannathat Tanthanapanyakorn
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  • Convergent validity, reliability and responsiveness of the AP-7D and EQ-5D-5L based on the survey for the general people in five countries: a new cultural-specific preference-based measure developed in east and southeast asia
    Yuta Suzuki, Takeru Shiroiwa, Tatsunori Murata, Emi Kamono, Yasuhiro Morii, Takashi Fukuda
    Health and Quality of Life Outcomes.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Prevalence and patterns of post-COVID-19 symptoms in recovered patients of Delhi, India: a population-based study
Nidhi Bhatnagar, Mongjam Meghachandra Singh, Hitakshi Sharma, Suruchi Mishra, Gurmeet Singh, Shivani Rao, Amod Borle, Tanu Anand, Naresh Kumar, Binita Goswami, Sarika Singh, Mahima Kapoor, Sumeet Singla, Bembem Khuraijam, Nita Khurana, Urvi Sharma, Suneela Garg
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(3):229-237.
Published online May 17, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0251
Prevalence and patterns of post-COVID-19 symptoms in recovered patients of Delhi, India: a population-based study
Objectives
Post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms were widely reported. However, data on post-COVID-19 conditions following infection with the Omicron variant remained scarce. This prospective study was conducted to understand the prevalence, patterns, and duration of symptoms in patients who had recovered from COVID-19. Methods: A prospective study was conducted across 11 districts of Delhi, India, among individuals who had recovered from COVID-19. Study participants were enrolled, and then returned for post-recovery follow-up at 3 months and 6 months interval. Results: The mean age of study participants was 42.07 years, with a standard deviation of 14.89 years. The majority of the participants (79.7%) reported experiencing post-COVID-19 symptoms. The most common symptoms included joint pain (36.0%), persistent dry cough (35.7%), anxiety (28.4%), and shortness of breath (27.1%). Other symptoms were persistent fatigue (21.6%), persistent headache (20.0%), forgetfulness (19.7%), and limb weakness (18.6%). The longest duration of symptom was observed to be anxiety (138.75±54.14 days), followed by fatigue (137.57±48.33 days), shortness of breath (131.89±60.21 days), and joint pain/swelling (131.59±58.76 days). At the first follow-up visit, 2.2% of participants presented with abnormal electrocardiogram readings, but no abnormalities were noticed during the second follow-up. Additionally, 4.06% of participants exhibited abnormal chest X-ray findings at the first followup, which decreased to 2.16% by the second visit. Conclusion: The most frequently reported post-COVID-19 symptoms were joint pain, dry cough, anxiety and shortness of breath. These clinical symptoms persisted for up to 6 months, with evidence of multi-system involvement. Consequently, findings highlighted the need for long-term follow-up during the post-COVID-19 period.

Citations

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  • Prevalence of post-COVID symptoms across variants of concern and follow-up periods: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Eiron John Lugtu, Delfin Ynigo Pilapil IV, Mikhail Harvey Cabunoc, Joshua Lawrence Bautista, Francis Matthew Pleta, Jeremy Ace Ng, Farid Shahid, Timothy Hudson David Culasino Carandang, Giuseppe Lippi, Brandon Michael Henry, César Fernández-de-las-Peñas,
    International Journal of Infectious Diseases.2026; 166: 108522.     CrossRef
  • Factors involved in the improvement of prolonged symptoms in patients with COVID-19 treated with Japanese traditional (Kampo) medicine: A single-center, prospective, observational study
    Tsuyoshi Kawamura, Junko Kohno, Akiko Kikuchi, Ryutaro Arita, Shin Takayama, Tadashi Ishii
    Medicine.2026; 105(12): e48084.     CrossRef
  • Post-COVID syndrome in Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh: a systematic narrative review of epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and healthcare system responses
    Amani S. Alrossies
    Frontiers in Public Health.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Post-COVID-19 Manifestation Persistence and Its Resolution: A Prospective Comparative Study From Hazaribagh, Jharkhand, India
    Iqbal Farooqui, Mithilesh Kumar
    Cureus.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Quality of life post-COVID recovery: A prospective observational study, North India
    Amod Laxmikant Borle, Mongjam Meghachandra Singh, Gurmeet Singh, Nidhi Bhatnagar, Shivani Rao, Tanya Singh, Binita Goswami, Sarika Singh, Sumeet Singla, Tanu Anand
    The Indian Journal of Medical Research.2025; 161: 722.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and pattern of post COVID-19 health problems among adults attending post COVID-19 clinics of selected tertiary care centres in Kolkata
    Uma Rani Adhikari, Manju Patra
    International Journal Of Community Medicine And Pu.2025; 12(10): 4443.     CrossRef
  • 6,719 View
  • 191 Download
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Review Article

Bridging innovation and policy: comparative pathways of national vaccine development in low- and middle-income countries
Vahid Marandi
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(5):425-436.
Published online September 17, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0208
Bridging innovation and policy: comparative pathways of national vaccine development in low- and middle-income countries
Objectives
To examine how national innovation and policy configurations enabled vaccine development in Brazil, Cuba, India, and Iran, and to distil lessons for low- and middle-income country (LMIC) vaccine sovereignty.
Methods
Narrative review of peer-reviewed and grey literature (2020–2023), guided by a structured search and screening approach; synthesis mapped to national and sectoral innovation system perspectives and technology readiness levels.
Results
Cuba and Iran leveraged mission-oriented public research and development (R&D) and domestic platforms; India combined indigenous R&D with large-scale licensed manufacturing; Brazil’s scientific capacity was constrained by fragmented governance and supply-chain dependence. Adaptive regulation (e.g., emergency use authorization/conditional approvals), targeted technology transfer, and South–South partnerships accelerated progress but raised longer-term questions about intellectual property (IP) control and economic sustainability.
Conclusion
Institutional coherence, strategic IP management, and regional manufacturing alliances are as critical as scientific capacity for LMIC vaccine self-reliance. Policy priorities include pre-negotiated tech-transfer frameworks, regulatory preparedness, and investment in public R&D linked to distributed manufacturing.

Citations

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  • Next-Generation Vaccines Leveraging T Cell-Centric Design, Mucosal Immunity, and Trained Innate Immunity for Respiratory and Enteric Pathogens
    Md. Abdus Salam, Md. Yusuf Al-Amin, Kasireddy Sudarshan, Aidan Lynch, Victor Reyes, Madeline Stevenson
    Vaccines.2026; 14(5): 462.     CrossRef
  • From Global Insights to Local Action: Bridging Vaccine Design and Manufacturing Gaps in H5N1 Pandemic Readiness
    María Alicia Delfino, Jimena Borgo, Luciano Chaneton, Natacha Cerny, Augusto Ernesto Bivona, Pierre Gsell, Fernando Lobos, Ike James, Martin Friede, German Sánchez Alberti, Andrés Sánchez Alberti
    Vaccines.2026; 14(6): 519.     CrossRef
  • Harnessing trained immunity for next-generation vaccines: from rational adjuvant design to self-adjuvanting antigens
    Jing Wang, Xiao-Yong Fan, Zhidong Hu
    Expert Review of Vaccines.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Vigilancia tecnológica de vacunas contra arbovirus en Latinoamérica
    Diana Priscila Estrella-Santiago, Rubén Oliver Espinoza
    Entreciencias diálogos en la Sociedad del Conocimi.2026; 14(28): 1.     CrossRef
  • Role of Academia and Research Institutions in Advancing Indigenous Vaccine Development
    Saira Afzal, Muhammad Maaz Arif
    Pakistan BioMedical Journal.2026; : 01.     CrossRef
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  • 3 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Original Articles

A comparison of health-related quality of life using the World Health Organization Quality of Life–BREF and 5-Level EuroQol-5 Dimensions in the Malaysian population
Andrian Liem, Hui Jun Chih, Vithya Velaithan, Richard Norman, Daniel Reidpath, Tin Tin Su
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(2):126-140.
Published online March 31, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0076
A comparison of health-related quality of life using the World Health Organization Quality of Life–BREF and 5-Level EuroQol-5 Dimensions in the Malaysian population
Objectives
This study aimed to describe and compare health-related quality of life (QoL) as measured by the World Health Organization Quality of Life–BREF (WHOQoL-BREF) and the EuroQol-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) among the Malaysian population, examining differences by sociodemographic characteristics including age, income, sex, ethnicity, educational level, and occupation. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from 19,402 individuals collected as part of a health and demographic surveillance system survey conducted in the Segamat district of Malaysia in 2018–2019. Descriptive statistics and measures of central tendency were produced. Differences in QoL among demographic sub-groups were examined using the t-test and analysis of variance, while the correlations between the WHOQoL-BREF and EQ-5D were evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: Based on complete case analysis (n=19,129), the average scores for the 4 WHOQoLBREF domains were 28.2 (physical), 24.1 (psychological), 12.0 (social relationships), and 30.4 (environment). The percentages of participants not in full health for each EQ-5D dimension were 12.8% (mobility), 3.1% (self-care), 6.9% (usual activities), 20.9% (pain/discomfort), and 6.8% (anxiety/depression). Correlations between the 4 WHOQoL-BREF domains and the 5 EQ-5D dimensions were relatively weak, ranging from –0.06 (social relationships with self-care and pain/discomfort; p<0.001) to –0.42 (physical with mobility; p<0.001). Conclusion: Although health-related QoL as measured by the WHOQoL-BREF and the EQ-5D are correlated, these 2 measures should not be considered interchangeable. The choice between them should be guided by the specific research questions and the intended use of the data.

Citations

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  • Promoting mental health among at-risk adolescents in Malaysia (MyHeRo): study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a school-based intervention compared with study skills condition for a
    Cecilia A. Essau, Suwaibah Zakaria, Chuong Hock Ting, Julia Ai Cheng Lee, Alejandro de la Torre-Luque, Alvin Lai Oon Ng, Hazreen Abdul Majid, Helen Dodd, Nik Daliana Nik Farid, Noor Azimah Muhammad, Suzaily Wahab
    Trials.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Sociodemographic, lifestyle and health factors associated with psychological health among adults in Malaysia: An ethnic comparison
    Yong Kang Cheah, Hamimatunnisa Johar, Tin Tin Su
    Archives of Psychiatric Nursing.2026; 61: 152081.     CrossRef
  • Validating cancer-specific and generic quality of life (QoL) instruments among patients with head and neck cancers: incorporating the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Head and Neck Module with generi
    Mohsen Saffari, Tzu-Yen Chang, Musheer A. Aljaberi, Kah Ying Yap, An-Chi Li, Jung-Sheng Chen, Shi-Qing Wang, Mark D. Griffiths, Chung-Ying Lin
    Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • AVALIAÇÃO INTEGRADA DO PERFIL SOCIODEMOGRÁFICO, ESTADO NUTRICIONAL, APTIDÃO FÍSICA E QUALIDADE DE VIDA DE IDOSOS ACOMPANHADOS NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE
    Gustavo Bonfim Rocha, Luzia Vitória Sousa Brito, Maria Francidenes de Souza Melo, Edney Souto Pinto, Kathleen Nascimento Carvalho da Silva , Maryanne Marques de Sousa, Pedro Cicero de Sousa, Layza Karyne Farias Mendes, Aldaisa Pereira Lopes , Victor
    RECIMA21 - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar - .2026; 7(8): e788688.     CrossRef
  • A comparative analysis of structural equation modeling and traditional regression analysis in investigating factors affecting health-related quality of life in general Thai population
    Krittaphas Kangwanrattanakul, Apinya Ingard
    Health and Quality of Life Outcomes.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 5,444 View
  • 175 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Impact of long COVID-19 on posttraumatic stress disorder as modified by health literacy: an observational study in Vietnam
Han Thi Vo, Tien Duc Dao, Tuyen Van Duong, Tan Thanh Nguyen, Binh Nhu Do, Tinh Xuan Do, Khue Minh Pham, Vinh Hai Vu, Linh Van Pham, Lien Thi Hong Nguyen, Lan Thi Huong Le, Hoang Cong Nguyen, Nga Hoang Dang, Trung Huu Nguyen, Anh The Nguyen, Hoan Van Nguyen, Phuoc Ba Nguyen, Hoai Thi Thanh Nguyen, Thu Thi Minh Pham, Thuy Thi Le, Thao Thi Phuong Nguyen, Cuong Quoc Tran, Kien Trung Nguyen
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(1):33-44.
Published online February 19, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0261
Impact of long COVID-19 on posttraumatic stress disorder as modified by health literacy: an observational study in Vietnam
Objectives
The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has increased, particularly among individuals who have recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Health literacy is considered a “social vaccine” that helps people respond effectively to the pandemic. We aimed to investigate the association between long COVID-19 and PTSD, and to examine the modifying role of health literacy in this association. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at 18 hospitals and health centers in Vietnam from December 2021 to October 2022. We recruited 4,463 individuals who had recovered from COVID-19 infection for at least 4 weeks. Participants provided information about their sociodemographics, clinical parameters, health-related behaviors, health literacy (using the 12-item short-form health literacy scale), long COVID-19 symptoms and PTSD (Impact Event Scale-Revised score of 33 or higher). Logistic regression models were used to examine associations and interactions. Results: Out of the study sample, 55.9% had long COVID-19 symptoms, and 49.6% had PTSD. Individuals with long COVID-19 symptoms had a higher likelihood of PTSD (odds ratio [OR], 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.63–2.12; p<0.001). Higher health literacy was associated with a lower likelihood of PTSD (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97–0.99; p=0.001). Compared to those without long COVID-19 symptoms and the lowest health literacy score, those with long COVID-19 symptoms and a 1-point health literacy increment had a 3% lower likelihood of PTSD (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.96–0.99; p=0.001). Conclusion: Health literacy was found to be a protective factor against PTSD and modified the negative impact of long COVID-19 symptoms on PTSD.

Citations

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  • Prospective association between long COVID and COVID-related post-traumatic stress disorder among a population-based cohort of adults diagnosed with COVID-19 in Michigan
    Akash Patel, Soomin Ryu, Blair Whittington, Christine Chyu, Emma Chrzanowski, Sameera Ahmed, Elizabeth Slocum, Nancy L. Fleischer
    Journal of Affective Disorders.2026; 410: 122009.     CrossRef
  • Psychiatric symptoms of long COVID among adults: observational case–control study in Johannesburg, South Africa
    Andrew Wooyoung Kim, Someleze Swana, Simiso Sokhela, Samanta Lalla-Edward, Ncomeka Manentsa, Alexander C. Tsai, W. D. Francois Venter
    BJPsych Open.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Mental health and post-traumatic stress among unprivileged people in the aftermath of COVID-19 pandemic in Southwest Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study
    Md. Salauddin Khan, Maliha Mahazabin, Ishita Shahid Sams, Lasker Ershad Ali, Umama Khan
    Cogent Mental Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Exploring the psychological impact of long COVID: symptoms, mechanisms, and treatments
    Shi Shen, Xin Zhao, Jianxin Pei, Bijue Wang, Jingjing Hou, Ru Chai, Yiqiong Guo, Feiyu Li, Jian Hao, Zhonglan Wu
    Frontiers in Psychiatry.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Pathophysiological, Neuropsychological, and Psychosocial Influences on Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome: Impacts on Recovery and Symptom Persistence
    Alex Malioukis, R Sterling Snead, Julia Marczika, Radha Ambalavanan
    Biomedicines.2024; 12(12): 2831.     CrossRef
  • 8,013 View
  • 149 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Analysis of influenza-like illness trends in Saudi Arabia: a comparative study of statistical and deep learning techniques
Fathelrhman EL Guma
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(3):270-284.
Published online June 12, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0080
Analysis of influenza-like illness trends in Saudi Arabia: a comparative study of statistical and deep learning techniques
Objectives
To develop and evaluate forecasting models using the Holt-Winters statistical approach and the long short-term memory (LSTM) deep learning method for weekly seasonal influenza-like illness (ILI) incidences in Saudi Arabia. The study compares model performance and assesses the predictive value added by incorporating region-specific exogenous variables within Middle Eastern epidemiological modeling.
Methods
This study compared the performance of Holt-Winters and LSTM models in forecasting weekly ILI cases in Saudi Arabia, using data collected from 2017 to 2022. Time series analysis integrated exogenous variables including climatic conditions and population mobility trends. The Holt-Winters model employed both additive and multiplicative seasonal components. Model performance was evaluated using root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error, and R2.
Results
The best-performing model, LSTM with exogenous variables, achieved an RMSE of 28.55, mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.14, R2 of 0.96, and percent bias (PBIAS) of +2.1%, indicating negligible systematic error. The LSTM model without exogenous variables demonstrated slightly lower accuracy (RMSE of 34.07, MAE of 0.18, R2 of 0.93, PBIAS of +5.8%), indicating strong predictive capability but less precision in determining peak ILI cases. The Holt-Winters model effectively captured seasonal and long-term trends, but showed a moderate performance with an RMSE of 82.57, MAE of 0.38, R2 of 0.58, and a high PBIAS of +14.2%, revealing significant unexplained variability during periods of high incidence fluctuation.
Conclusion
This study highlights the respective strengths and limitations of statistical and machine learning approaches for ILI forecasting.

Citations

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  • Early-warning prediction of visceral leishmaniasis mortality using a multivariate STL–deep learning hybrid approach on 20 years of monthly time series
    Fathelrhman El Guma, Maaweya Awadalla, Halah Z. Al Rawi, Bashayer Saeed, Huda M. Alshanbari, Alshaikh A. Shokeralla, Bandar Alosaimi
    Frontiers in Public Health.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A hybrid STL–LightGBM framework with probabilistic forecasting for Influenza A incidence in the post-pandemic Saudi Arabia
    Reham M. Alahmadi, Maaweya Awadalla, Bashayer Saeed, Huda M. Alshanbari, Alshaikh A. Shokeralla, Ali Atif Yassin, Bandar Alosaimi, Fathelrhman El Guma
    Frontiers in Public Health.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Bayesian inference for modeling seasonal influenza transmission under control measures
    Rania Saadeh, Naseam Al-Kuleab, Fathelrhman EL Guma, Alshaikh A. Shokeralla, Suliman Jamiel M. Abdalla, Mohamed A. Abdoon, Mohamed Hafez
    Results in Control and Optimization.2026; 23: 100714.     CrossRef
  • Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Seasonal Influenza Trends in Saudi Arabia: A Tool for Regional Public Health Planning
    Alshaikh A. Shokeralla, Fathelrhman El Guma, Ali H. Abdalla, Amal E.Y. Hagsddig, Rahma AbuBakr Musa, M.A.M. Eltaweel, Abdelaziz H. Elawad, Ibrahim Elshamy
    International Journal of Statistics in Medical Res.2025; 14: 688.     CrossRef
  • 3,605 View
  • 93 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Short Communication

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis incidence following measles elimination efforts in the Republic of Korea
Young Hwa Lee, Jung Hye Byeon, Cho Ryok Kang, Young June Choe, Jong-Koo Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(3):285-291.
Published online June 9, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0067
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis incidence following measles elimination efforts in the Republic of Korea
Objectives
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare but fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by persistent measles virus infection. After a significant measles outbreak in 2000–2001, the Republic of Korea implemented a nationwide measles elimination program, which led to a dramatic reduction in measles incidence. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of these measles elimination efforts on the incidence of SSPE in the Republic of Korea.
Methods
This nationwide, population-based retrospective cohort study identified patients newly diagnosed with measles and SSPE between 2007 and 2022, registered in the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) and Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA) databases. Population-based incidence rates of measles and SSPE were calculated and compared annually.
Results
A total of 236 measles cases (HIRA data) and 1,168 measles cases (KDCA data), along with 2,736 SSPE cases, were diagnosed during the study period. Measles incidence significantly declined, reaching zero cases in 2021, while SSPE incidence displayed an upward trend, peaking in 2014. The mean age at SSPE onset was 21.2 years, with a marked male-to-female ratio of 13.0:1.
Conclusion
SSPE incidence was remarkably low in the post-outbreak period, likely attributable to successful measles control. This study underscores the critical importance of maintaining low measles incidence through sustained vaccination efforts, preventing SSPE and other measles-related complications.

Citations

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  • Measles subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in children: past and present
    G. P. Ivanova, N. V. Skripchenko, E. Yu. Skripchenk, O. V. Goleva, A. V. Astapova
    Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russ.2026; 71(4): 14.     CrossRef
  • Long-term survival (≥2 years) in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: a systematic review of prolonged survivors
    Ravindra Kumar Garg, Shweta Pandey, Imran Rizvi, Sanjay Singhal
    encephalitis.2026; 6(4): 91.     CrossRef
  • The Republic of Korea’s health system at a turning point: from infectious disease threats to comprehensive reform
    Jong-Koo Lee
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2025; 16(3): 193.     CrossRef
  • Pan-Immune Inflammation Value and Clinical Outcomes in Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis: A Retrospective Study
    Bilge Özgör, Murat Çağlar Şahin, Işınsu Bıçakcıoğlu, Gül Yücel, Meral Karadağ, Serdal Güngör
    Viruses.2025; 18(1): 18.     CrossRef
  • 3,860 View
  • 81 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Original Articles

The level of household food insecurity is associated with the risk of infectious diseases among toddlers in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study
Siti Masitoh, Tri Wurisastuti, Woro Riyadina, Sudarto Ronoatmodjo
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(3):261-269.
Published online June 4, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0009
The level of household food insecurity is associated with the risk of infectious diseases among toddlers in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study
Objectives
This study investigated the correlation between food insecurity and infectious diseases among toddlers in Indonesia.
Methods
This research employed a cross-sectional study design using data from the 2021 Indonesian Nutrition Status Survey, which included a sample of 84,115 toddlers. Food insecurity levels were assessed using the food insecurity experience scale, developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization. The dependent variable, infectious disease, was defined as a toddler experiencing 1 or more of the following conditions: acute respiratory infections, diarrhea, pneumonia, measles, or worms. Multivariate analysis was conducted using multiple logistic regression to determine adjusted odds ratios (ORs).
Results
The findings indicate that 23.78% of toddlers experienced at least 1 infectious disease. While more than half of the respondents were food secure, 26.5% faced mild food insecurity, 13.6% moderate food insecurity, and 6.5% severe food insecurity. Toddlers from households experiencing mild, moderate, and severe food insecurity had higher risks of infectious diseases compared to those from food-secure households, with adjusted ORs of 1.367 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.308–1.428), 1.490 (95% CI, 1.399–1.588), and 1.500 (95% CI, 1.374–1.638), respectively.
Conclusion
In conclusion, more severe food insecurity is correlated with an increased risk of toddlers suffering infectious diseases.

Citations

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  • From pantry to physiology: A narrative review linking food insecurity to biological dysfunction
    Liahm Blank, Joshua Khorsandi, Nicole Kang, Kaloyan Momchilov, Itai Blank, Kavita Batra
    Dialogues in Health.2026; 8: 100308.     CrossRef
  • Structural Equation Modelling of Socioeconomic Status on Malnutrition Among Urban Preschoolers: Multi-Group Analysis of Hungary and Indonesia
    Arie Dwi Alristina, Éva Kovács, Diyah Arini, Helga Judit Feith
    International Journal of Environmental Research an.2026; 23(7): 858.     CrossRef
  • Implementasi Gerakan Kebun Gizi Keluarga (GK2) Sebagai Upaya Ketahanan Pangan dan Gizi Keluarga di Desa Gading Watu, Kabupaten Gresik
    Noveansyah Maskur Nurgah, Dhuha Nuri Samsiyah, Shafa Dwi Candra Syahputra, Aisyah Rahmah Maulidiyah , Rambu Breathy Salwasty Ananda Tamu Rambu, Intan Adinda Putri, Nabil Habib Abdillah, Devita Astrid Renata, Nurul I.A. Cahyo Wibowo, Muchammad Bachrul Ulu
    Journal of Community Development.2026; 7(2): 1.     CrossRef
  • Prematurity and Low Birth Weight Among Food-Secure and Food-Insecure Households: A Comparative Study in Surabaya, Indonesia
    Arie Alristina, Nour Mahrouseh, Anggi Irawan, Rizky Laili, Alexandra Zimonyi-Bakó, Helga Feith
    Nutrients.2025; 17(15): 2479.     CrossRef
  • 6,919 View
  • 143 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Design and evaluation of a multi-epitope subunit vaccine against human norovirus using an immunoinformatics approach
Zxcy L. Nonog, Edward C. Banico, Ma. Easter V. Sajo, Pablo V. Serrano, Fredmoore L. Orosco
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(3):236-251.
Published online April 25, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0349
Design and evaluation of a multi-epitope subunit vaccine against human norovirus using an immunoinformatics approach
Objectives
This study aimed to identify safe, conserved, and highly immunogenic epitopes from all proteins of human-infecting norovirus (NoV) and to design a multi-epitope subunit vaccine construct from these epitopes using an immunoinformatics approach. Additionally, the vaccine construct was evaluated using both sequence- and structure-based assessments.
Methods
Conserved fragments were identified from all proteins of human-infecting NoV, and B and T lymphocyte epitopes were subsequently predicted using multiple epitope prediction tools. The selected epitopes were linked to form a multi-epitope construct, incorporating various adjuvants in the design. Vaccine constructs with different adjuvants were analyzed for their physicochemical properties and immune simulation profiles, and the optimal combination was selected as the final vaccine candidate for further study. Finally, molecular docking and dynamics simulations were performed to visualize the interaction between the construct and a host immune receptor.
Results
Twenty-two safe, conserved, and highly immunogenic epitopes were identified from all human-infecting NoV proteins. The construct adjuvanted with 50S ribosomal protein L7/L12 (50SrpL7/L12) was chosen as the final vaccine candidate due to its optimal physicochemical properties and favorable immune simulation profile. Furthermore, the construct exhibited high binding affinity and a stable interaction with toll-like receptor 4).
Conclusion
The multi-epitope subunit vaccine designed in this study shows promise as a potential NoV vaccine candidate for human immunization. Further in vitro and in vivo experiments are warranted to validate these findings.

Citations

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  • A multi-epitope pan-betacoronavirus vaccine construct predicted to induce broad-spectrum and durable immune responses: an immunoinformatics approach
    Anabella Margareth Arapa, Trina Ekawati Tallei, Rinaldi Idroes, Fatimawali, Elly Juliana Suoth, Maghfirah Savitri, Ahmad Akroman Adam, Beivy Jonathan Kolondam, Chika Yamada, Rosy Iara Maciel de Azambuja Ribeiro, Amama Rani, Moon Nyeo Park, Youdiil Ophinn
    Frontiers in Bioinformatics.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Multi-Domain Approach for Designing of Novel Epitopes-Based Vaccine Against Chandipura Virus
    Alhanouf I. Al-Harbi, Raed Amer Ali Alsahoo, Asad Ullah, Sajjad Ahmad
    Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Immunoinformatics-based design of artificial chimeric proteins as universal vaccine candidates against foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes A, O, and SAT2
    Alyaa Elrashedy, Mohamed Nayel, Akram Salama, Ahmed Zaghawa, Mohamed E. Hasan
    Scientific Reports.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Immunoinformatics-guided design of a multi-epitope mRNA vaccine candidate against Western Equine Encephalitis virus
    Elijah Kolawole Oladipo, Boluwatife Ayobami Irewolede, Stephen Toluwanimi Gbadero, Favour Adebimpe Adebisi, Noor-Al-Hudah Nurudeen, Emmanuel Ololade Oyediran, Rukayat Romoke Tajudeen, Taiwo Dorcas Akinpelu, Christiana Iyanuoluwa Kolapo, Balqis Ajoke Adeji
    The Veterinary Journal: Pharmacology & Toxicology.2026; 1(4): 100019.     CrossRef
  • 6,108 View
  • 143 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Effects of green coffee supplementation on paraoxonase-1 activity and malondialdehyde levels in Iranian women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized clinical trial
Azam Ildarabadi, Marzieh Vahid-Dastjerdi, Mina Ghorbanpour, Ahmad Mousavi, Mehrnoush Meshkani, Mirsaeed Yekaninejad, Ahmad Saedisomeolia
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(6):521-532.
Published online November 20, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0187
Effects of green coffee supplementation on paraoxonase-1 activity and malondialdehyde levels in Iranian women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized clinical trial
Objectives
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common, heterogeneous clinical syndrome affecting women. Investigating oxidative stress in women is crucial, as it is linked to insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. Chlorogenic acid, a bioactive component found in green coffee, has numerous documented health benefits. This study aimed to assess the beneficial effects of green coffee consumption on paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in women with PCOS.
Methods
This study was a double-blind randomized clinical trial that included 44 patients with PCOS. Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. For 6 weeks, the intervention group (n=22) received 400 mg of green coffee supplements, while the control group (n=22) received 400 mg of a starch-based placebo. Anthropometric indices, dietary assessments, and physical activity levels were evaluated before and after the 6-week intervention period. Additionally, blood samples were collected for laboratory analysis.
Results
Supplementation with green coffee increased PON-1 levels by 3.5 units, a significant finding (p=0.038). Additionally, the intake of green coffee supplements significantly reduced blood cholesterol levels by 18.8 units (p=0.013) and triglyceride levels by 6.1 units (p=0.053). However, no significant differences were observed in the levels of MDA, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, fasting blood sugar, insulin, or homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance as a result of the intervention.
Conclusion
Supplementation with green coffee alters PON-1 activity and cholesterol levels in women with PCOS. However, it has no significant impact on MDA levels or glycemic status.

Citations

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  • Oxidative Stress and Lipid Peroxidation Markers in Obesity-Related Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Menstrual Irregularities: A Systematic Review of Biochemical and Pharmacological Interventions
    Shahnaz Fatima, Anum Saeedullah, Anjum Mahmood, Mohammad Iqbal, Samina Firdous, Umar Alim
    Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences.2026; : 151.     CrossRef
  • Encapsulated coffee parchment extracts mitigate fructose-induced liver injury: linking agro-industrial waste valorization to environmental and metabolic health
    Meriem Benyelles, Amel Zoubeyda Merzouk, Hafida Merzouk, Amel Medjdoub, Farid Berroukeche
    International Journal of Environmental Health Rese.2026; : 1.     CrossRef
  • Polycystic ovary syndrome, cardiovascular risk, and coffee: a complex interplay
    Anna Vittoria Mattioli
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2025; 16(1): 89.     CrossRef
  • Association of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Its Metabolic Outcomes, Including Insulin Resistance and Dyslipidemia: A Systematic Review
    Hina Zuhra, Shabina Saifullah, Bela Inayat, Aneela Mehr, Amena Arif, Sabeen Khalid
    Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences.2025; : 171.     CrossRef
  • 43,825 View
  • 95 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
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Associations of type and intensity of social participation with depression, self-rated health, and life satisfaction among community-dwelling older adults in the Republic of Korea: a nationwide cross-sectional study
Objectives
Social activities are important and influential factors for healthy aging. However, limited information is available regarding the associations of the type and intensity of social participation with health and well-being. This study aimed to investigate how various types of social activities are associated with several dimensions of health outcomes. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized data from the Seventh Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging, which included 5,526 adults aged 60 years and older. Multivariate linear regression analysis was employed to analyze the associations of social activities with depression, self-rated health, and life satisfaction. Additionally, subgroup analyses by sex and age were performed. Results: Among the participants, 73.5% reported involvement in at least 1 of the 4 types of social engagement. After adjustment for all covariates, individuals who participated in any social activity reported better self-rated health and higher life satisfaction compared to those who did not participate. However, the intensity of engagement in different social activities had varying impacts on subjective health outcomes. An increased level of participation was associated with a lower rate of depression and improved self-rated health. However, no significant differences were observed in the relationship between the intensity of participation in activities (with the exception of alumni societies or family councils) and life satisfaction. Conclusion: This study suggests that to improve their health, older adults in the Republic of Korea should not only engage in social activities but also do so actively and regularly.

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  • Impact of Depression on Self-Rated Health Status among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Moderating Effects of Subjective Social Status and Formal Social Participation Using Data from the Ninth Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2022)
    Sohee Jung, Eunhee Yang, Soyoung Cha, Wonhee Baek
    Journal of Fundamental Nursing Science.2026; 33(1): 147.     CrossRef
  • Disaggregating Digital Competence: Social Activity Participation and Depressive Symptoms Among Korean Older Adults
    Young-Mi Jung, NakHyeok Choi
    Behavioral Sciences.2026; 16(10): 1742.     CrossRef
  • Gender differences in advanced activities of daily living: evidence from the longitudinal study of health and aging in Mexico 2012–2018
    Martha A. Sánchez-Rodríguez, Mariano Zacarías-Flores, Lesly Estefanía Castañeda-Sánchez, Víctor Manuel Mendoza-Núñez
    Frontiers in Aging.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Associations Between Physical Activity, Body Perception, and Self-Rated Health in Korean Adults: An Analysis of the 2023 Korean Community Health Survey
    Geun-Kook Kim, Su-Yeon Roh, Sung-Ho Hwang
    Medicina.2025; 61(11): 1898.     CrossRef
  • 6,354 View
  • 135 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Effects of aquatic versus land-based exercise on irisin and fibroblast growth factor 21 expression and triiodothyronine and free fatty acid levels in elderly women
Du-Wang Kang, Su-Han Koh, Min-Kyo Kim, Do-Yeon Kim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(3):238-247.
Published online May 17, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0394
Effects of aquatic versus land-based exercise on irisin and fibroblast growth factor 21 expression and triiodothyronine and free fatty acid levels in elderly women
Objectives
This study investigated the impacts of exercise on irisin and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) expression, as well as triiodothyronine (T3 ) and free fatty acid (FFA) levels in elderly women. Methods: Thirty women aged 65 to 70 years (10 per group) were randomly assigned to aquatic exercise, land exercise, and control groups. The aquatic and land groups engaged in 3 exercise sessions per week (60 min/session) for 16 weeks. The intensity was progressively increased every 4 weeks. Results: Irisin and FGF-21 levels significantly increased in the aquatic exercise group. In the posttest, the aquatic exercise group had the highest irisin levels. Significant findings were observed for irisin and FGF-21 for the main effect between aquatic and band exercise groups (p<0.05 for both), the main effect between measurement times (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively), and the interaction effect (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively). The irisin level was significantly higher in the aquatic than in the land group 30 minutes after the last session (p<0.05). In both exercise groups, T3 levels were significantly higher 30 minutes after the final session (p<0.05) than before the program. The FFA level was significantly higher in the aquatic exercise group than the others. In the aquatic group, FFA levels were significantly higher 30 minutes after both the first (p<0.01) and the last (p<0.001) session compared to pre-program values. Conclusion: Differences in exercise type and environment can promote fat metabolism by stimulating hormonal changes that induce brown fat activity and browning.

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  • Effects of aquatic exercise on improving body composition and muscle strength in the older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    Yuan Gao, Wenze Deng, Qiancheng Zeng, Yichen Liu, Xiaofu Tang, Sitian Fang, Liang Hao, Hongbo Li
    Frontiers in Public Health.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effects of Different Training Modalities on Circulating Irisin Levels in Overweight and Obesity Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
    Keyvan Hejazi, Gholam Rasul Mohammad Rahimi, Ayoub Saeidi, Khadija Ayed, Ismail Laher, Juan Del Coso, Anthony C. Hackney, Urs Granacher, Hassane Zouhal
    Sports Medicine.2026; 56(9): 2231.     CrossRef
  • Exerkines in precision management of metabolic diseases
    Leigang Jin, Yifen Lin, Yixuan Zheng, Anli Wang, Peng Liao, Yucheng Luo, Zhongheng Sui, Xiayun Ni, Jianan Zhang, Qing Shen, Aimin Xu
    Chinese Medical Journal.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Irisin: Its significance in the diagnosis and treatment of post-stroke depression
    Chengyan Han, Ruixue Guan, Jianxing Zhao, Peng Sun
    Journal of Psychiatric Research.2025; 191: 285.     CrossRef
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  • 102 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
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A Mycobacterium bovis outbreak among exhibition animals at a zoo in the Republic of Korea: the first contact investigation of zoonotic tuberculosis
Hye Young Lee, Yunhyung Kwon, Sang-Eun Lee, Jieun Kim, Hoyong Choi
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(3):248-259.
Published online May 17, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0228
A Mycobacterium bovis outbreak among exhibition animals at a zoo in the Republic of Korea: the first contact investigation of zoonotic tuberculosis
Objectives
Between July 2, 2021, and September 20, 2022, a Mycobacterium bovis outbreak occurred among exhibition animals at a zoo in the Republic of Korea. This study was conducted to assess the likelihood of M. bovis transmission to human contacts through a contact investigation and to implement preventive treatment for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Methods: In this descriptive study, the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency conducted a contact investigation, which included interviews, interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) tests, and chest X-rays. Contacts underwent IGRA testing on 2 occasions: initial testing of 29 contacts (15 in the first cluster of infection and 14 in the second cluster) and follow-up testing of the 15 contacts in the first cluster. Results: The study included 29 participants, 18 of whom were male (62.1%) and 11 female (37.9%). The mean participant age was 37.3 years (standard deviation, 9.6 years). In the initial IGRA tests, 6 of the 29 participants tested positive, indicating a prevalence of 20.7%. Following prolonged exposure, 1 additional positive case was detected in follow-up testing, raising the prevalence of LTBI to 24.1%. None of the contacts had active tuberculosis. Among the 7 individuals with positive results, 2 (28.6%) underwent treatment for LTBI. Conclusion: This study faced challenges in confirming the transmission of M. bovis infection from infected animals to humans in the Republic of Korea. Nevertheless, adopting a One Health approach necessitates the implementation of surveillance systems and infection control protocols, particularly for occupational groups at high risk of exposure.

Citations

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  • First Report of Mycobacterium bovis and Nocardia spp. Co-Infection in a Roan Antelope
    Luca Botta, Matteo Cuccato, Neva Cormio, Veronica Crocchianti, Maria Goria, Emanuelle Bergeron, Delphine Mouniée, Veronica Rodriguez Nava, Frine Eleonora Scaglione
    Animals.2026; 16(11): 1721.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and molecular characterization of enteric zoonotic pathogens in zoo-housed mammals in Korea
    Hyo-Min Woo, In Jung Jung, Beoul Kim, You-Jeong Lee, Jae-Woo Choi, Insu Choi, Garam Kim, Weon-Hwa Jheong, Byoungcheun Lee, Kyoo-Tae Kim, Min-Goo Seo
    One Health.2026; 23: 101568.     CrossRef
  • Identification of zoonotic pathogens in zoo animals in the Republic of Korea
    Jinho Um, Jeongho Kim, Seok-Jin Cho, Min-ho Park, Hyung-Chul Cho, Yu-Jin Park, Kyoung-Seong Choi
    International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites .2025; 27: 101067.     CrossRef
  • First report of human Mycobacterium bovis infection in a veterinary laboratory worker in the Republic of Korea
    Ji-Yeon Lee, Seong Wook Pyo, Jieun Kim, Young-Joon Park
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2025; 16(3): 292.     CrossRef
  • 6,410 View
  • 129 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
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Special Article

The COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Research Center: a cornerstone for strengthening safety evidence for COVID-19 vaccination in the Republic of Korea
Na-Young Jeong, Hyesook Park, Sanghoon Oh, Seung Eun Jung, Dong-Hyun Kim, Hyoung-Shik Shin, Hee Chul Han, Jong-Koo Lee, Jun Hee Woo, Jaehun Jung, Joongyub Lee, Ju-Young Shin, Sun-Young Jung, Byung-Joo Park, Nam-Kyong Choi
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(2):97-106.
Published online April 4, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0343
The COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Research Center:  a cornerstone for strengthening safety evidence for COVID-19 vaccination in the Republic of Korea
The COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Research Committee (CoVaSC) was established in November 2021 to address the growing need for independent, in-depth scientific evidence on adverse events (AEs) following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. This initiative was requested by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency and led by the National Academy of Medicine of Korea. In September 2022, the COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Research Center was established, strengthening CoVaSC’s initiatives. The center has conducted various studies on the safety of COVID-19 vaccines. During CoVaSC’s second research year, from September 29, 2022 to July 19, 2023, the center was restructured into 4 departments: Epidemiological Research, Clinical Research, Communication & Education, and International Cooperation & Policy Research. Its main activities include (1) managing CoVaSC and the COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Research Center, (2) surveying domestic and international trends in AE causality investigation, (3) assessing AEs following COVID-19 vaccination, (4) fostering international collaboration and policy research, and (5) organizing regular fora and training sessions for the public and clinicians. Causality assessments have been conducted for 27 diseases, and independent research has been conducted after organizing ad hoc committees comprising both epidemiologists and clinical experts on each AE of interest. The research process included protocol development, data analysis, interpretation of results, and causality assessment. These research outcomes have been shared transparently with the public and healthcare experts through various fora. The COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Research Center plans to continue strengthening and expanding its research activities to provide reliable, high-quality safety information to the public.

Citations

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  • Active Surveillance for COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Using Sequential Analysis in Korea: Population-Based Retrospective Observational Study
    Na-Young Jeong, Haerin Cho, Heehyun Won, Suvin Park, Joongyub Lee, Hyesook Park, Nam-Kyong Choi
    JMIR Public Health and Surveillance.2026; 12: e75094.     CrossRef
  • Risk of new-onset polymyalgia rheumatica following COVID-19 vaccination in South Korea: a self-controlled case-series study
    Jieun Woo, Mu Kyung Kim, HyunJoo Lim, Ju Hwan Kim, Hyunah Jung, Hyoun-Ah Kim, Ju-Young Shin
    RMD Open.2025; 11(2): e005138.     CrossRef
  • SARS-CoV-2-Vaccine-Related Endocrine Disorders: An Updated Narrative Review
    Avraham Ishay, Kira Oleinikov, Elena Chertok Shacham
    Vaccines.2024; 12(7): 750.     CrossRef
  • Active Surveillance for Safety Monitoring of XBB.1.5-Containing COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines in Korea
    Bomi Park, Hye Ah Lee, Yeonjae Kim, Chung Ho Kim, Hyunjin Park, Seunghee Jun, Hyelim Lee, Seunghyun Lewis Kwon, Yesul Heo, Hyungmin Lee, Hyesook Park
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 8,089 View
  • 159 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
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Original Article

Drug use intentions among young adults in the Republic of Korea: a cross-sectional study applying the extended theory of planned behavior with emphasis on impulsive behavior and sensation seeking
Objectives
The increasing prevalence of drug use in the Republic of Korea has emerged as a significant social concern. This study applied the extended theory of planned behavior to investigate the factors influencing intentions to use drugs among young adults (aged 20–30 years) in the Republic of Korea. The study integrated personal traits—specifically, impulsivity, sensation seeking, and self-efficacy—into 2 core theory of planned behavior constructs: attitudes and subjective norms. The principal aim was to improve the prediction of drug use intentions by incorporating these variables. Methods: Data were obtained from the 2023 National Survey of Drug Harm Perception, which sampled 1,500 individuals aged 19 to 39 years. Hierarchical regression analysis was employed to assess the influence of psychological and social factors on intentions to use drugs. Results: In the primary model, age emerged as a significant predictor of drug use intentions (R2 =0.01). The secondary model showed that positive attitudes toward drugs, subjective norms, and lower self-efficacy significantly increased drug use intentions (R2 =0.23). In the final tertiary model, the addition of sensation seeking and impulsivity further amplified these intentions (R2 =0.25). Conclusion: The findings underscore the pivotal roles of attitudes, subjective norms, and selfefficacy in shaping intentions to use drugs. Sensation seeking and impulsivity were found to further elevate vulnerability. Effective prevention efforts must address both psychological traits and social influences. Future research should examine the long-term behavioral outcomes associated with these factors.

Citations

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  • Beliefs and attitudes toward substance use and associated factors among University students in Eastern Turkey
    Pınar Eryılmaz, Gulpınar Aslan, Irfan Kaplan
    Journal of Substance Use.2026; : 1.     CrossRef
  • Associations of Health Belief Model Constructs and Self-Control with Drug Avoidance Intention Among University Students in the Republic of Korea: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Jungmin Lee, Su Jung Lee
    Behavioral Sciences.2026; 16(9): 1653.     CrossRef
  • Artificial intelligence and biohealth: the Republic of Korea’s emerging priorities in health care R&D
    Jong-Koo Lee
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2025; 16(4): 309.     CrossRef
  • 3,730 View
  • 70 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
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Original Article

Impact of direct prehospital transport on mortality in patients with severe trauma based on the injury severity score: a nationwide observational study in the Republic of Korea
Sun Ju Kim, KeunKyun Kim, Oh Hyun Kim, Chan Yong Park
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(4):381-391.
Published online August 11, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0102
Impact of direct prehospital transport on mortality in patients with severe trauma based on the injury severity score: a nationwide observational study in the Republic of Korea
Objectives
Severe trauma remains a leading cause of death in the Republic of Korea. In response, regional trauma centers were established in 2012. This study evaluated the impact of direct prehospital transport to trauma centers on in-hospital mortality among patients with severe trauma using the national trauma registry. Methods: This nationwide observational study utilized data from the Korean community-based trauma registry between 2016 and 2020. Patients with an injury severity score >15 who were directly transported from the prehospital setting were included. Variables analyzed encompassed demographics, injury mechanism, transport time, hospital level, and outcomes. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Both logistic regression and decision tree models were employed. Results: A total of 24,567 patients were included. Overall mortality decreased by 5.2% during the study period. Patients transported to level 1 or 2 trauma centers had a lower mortality rate (23.6%) compared to those transported to level 3 or 4 hospitals (28.0%). The proportion of direct transports to high-level centers increased from 46.7% to 64.1% between 2016 and 2020. Despite longer transport times, patients transported to high-level institutions exhibited improved survival, particularly when transport exceeded 30 minutes, suggesting that hospital selection may be more critical than minimizing transport time. Conclusion: Direct transport to high-level trauma centers improves survival among patients with severe trauma, even when transport times are prolonged. These findings support the importance of a well-organized trauma system that emphasizes hospital capability in prehospital triage decisions.

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  • Geospatial Optimization of Trauma Care Resource Allocation and Timely Access for Severely Injured Patients
    Ryan B. Choi, Deeksha Bidare, Byung Hee Kang, Junsik Kwon, Kyungwon Jung, Jeff Choi
    JAMA Network Open.2026; 9(9): e2636840.     CrossRef
  • Prehospital transport prioritization and time-varying selection bias in traffic-related multi-patient incidents: a nationwide retrospective cohort study
    Atsushi Kubo, Shinobu Tamura, Atsushi Hiraide, Daigo Morioka, Ryu Murakami, Kenko Fukui, Shigeaki Inoue
    Critical Care.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Artificial intelligence and biohealth: the Republic of Korea’s emerging priorities in health care R&D
    Jong-Koo Lee
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2025; 16(4): 309.     CrossRef
  • 2,279 View
  • 69 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Review Article

Effect of cognitive behavior therapy on abstinence among healthy smokers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Rajesh Kumar, Priyanka Malhotra, Vishwas AS, Kalpana Beniwal, Gopal Singh Charan
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(3):223-235.
Published online June 9, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0019
Effect of cognitive behavior therapy on abstinence among healthy smokers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Objectives
The objectives of this review and meta-analysis were twofold: first, to critically evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based interventions relative to standard care or control conditions in promoting smoking abstinence at the end of treatment, and second, to determine abstinence rates at 3 and 6 months of follow-up.
Methods
A comprehensive search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov, was conducted for randomized controlled trials published from 2001 to September 2024. Studies evaluating the effect of CBT on abstinence rates among healthy smokers (aged ≥12 years) were included and analyzed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.
Results
Out of 1,514 study records screened, 7 studies (comprising 17 arms and 1,438 participants) met eligibility criteria for inclusion in the final analysis. The pooled analysis revealed that CBT significantly improved smoking abstinence rates, demonstrating a fourfold increase in effectiveness compared to controls (odds ratio [OR], 4.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.73–5.99; I2=19%; p<0.00001). Additionally, CBT significantly impacted smoking cessation at 3-month follow-up (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.11–2.38; I2=0%; p=0.01) and 6-month follow-up (OR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.59–3.00; I2=0%; p<0.00001).
Conclusion
CBT has demonstrated efficacy in facilitating smoking abstinence, particularly immediately after treatment, with sustained but diminished effects over time. However, robust conclusions on the efficacy of CBT require further studies involving larger sample sizes, diverse geographical regions, and longer follow-up periods.

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  • The Development and Implementation of a Multimodal Preoperative-specific Smoking Cessation Project
    Mary Ann Z. de Vera, Rashmi J. Patel, Andrea H. Kline-Simon, Felicia W. Chi, Kelly C. Young-Wolff
    Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing.2026; 41(3): 564.     CrossRef
  • Effectiveness of Workplace-Based Tobacco Awareness Interventions on Quit Readiness Among Bus Drivers: A Randomized Comparative Pilot Trial
    Gagan Raj, Ankita Jain
    Cureus.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Protocol for a randomized controlled trial of a cognitive-behavioral therapy–based smoking cessation intervention in incarcerated individuals: The PRISANTABAC Study
    Mélanie Rome, Xavier Laqueille, Carine Meslot, Katia Illel, Delphine Bourdeau, Lucia Romo
    Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications.2026; 51: 101643.     CrossRef
  • 7,223 View
  • 191 Download
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Original Articles

SWOT strategy for future global health security: insights from Indonesia, Cambodia, Vietnam, Dominican Republic, Ghana, and the Republic of Korea using the World Health Organization International Health Regulations monitoring tool
Moonsoo Yoon, Nuha Fairusya, Thao Le Nhu Nguyen, Diomarys Ishaura Jimenez-Baez, Vichuta Prak, Osei Kuffour Afreh, Chaeshin Chu
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(2):152-159.
Published online March 12, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0314
SWOT strategy for future global health security: insights from Indonesia, Cambodia, Vietnam, Dominican Republic, Ghana, and the Republic of Korea using the World Health Organization International Health Regulations monitoring tool
Objectives
The study aimed to analyze the core capacities to implement World Health Organization International Health Regulations (IHR) in 6 countries: Indonesia, Cambodia, Vietnam, the Dominican Republic, Ghana, and the Republic of Korea. Methods: Secondary data from relevant databases and reports, including the electronic State Party Self-Assessment Annual Reporting mechanism and global health security index, were used to assess health security in these countries. Descriptive statistics summarized the basic features of the scores, and a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis was subsequently performed to identify factors affecting health security scores while highlighting key similarities and differences between countries. Results: Early warning and event management emerged as the primary strength in most countries. Common opportunities included international commitments and immunization programs. In contrast, many countries shared weaknesses related to the policy, legal, and normative frameworks for IHR implementation, as well as challenges in human resources, chemical event management, and radiation emergency preparedness. Recurring threats involved issues such as biosafety, biosecurity, dual-use research and the culture of responsible science, infection control practices, coordination between public health and security authorities, laboratory supply chain vulnerabilities, and communication with healthcare workers during public health emergencies. Conclusion: In order to counter future global health threats, countries should prioritize enhancing surveillance capacity (early warning and event management) as well as the immunization indicator (vaccination rates for human and animal diseases, including the national vaccine delivery system).

Citations

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  • Has the COVID-19 pandemic enhanced the capacity of rural public health emergency management? Evidence from Jiangsu Province of China
    Ming Cao, Yajing Zhang
    Frontiers in Public Health.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Building systems for preparedness: Global scoping studies on institutional governance and National Public Health Agencies
    Sileshi Demelash Sasie, Fantu Mamo Aragaw, Tigist Ali Gebeyehu, Sintayehu Abdella Shikur, Lensa Fekadu, Neima Zeynu Ali, Zenebech Mamo Argaw, Julia Robinson
    PLOS Global Public Health.2026; 6(2): e0005427.     CrossRef
  • Strengthening CBRN Preparedness through Military Medical Capabilities and Multisectoral Collaboration
    Moonsoo Yoon
    IGEE Proceedings.2026; 3(2): 89.     CrossRef
  • 5,951 View
  • 176 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
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Excess mortality in older adults and cumulative excess mortality across all ages during the COVID-19 pandemic in the 20 countries with the highest mortality rates worldwide
Chiranjib Chakraborty, Manojit Bhattacharya, Sang-Soo Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(1):42-58.
Published online February 13, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0186
Excess mortality in older adults and cumulative excess mortality across all ages during the COVID-19 pandemic in the 20 countries with the highest mortality rates worldwide
Objectives
Mortality statistics during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are crucial for the allocation of medical care resources and public health decision-making. This study was initiated to investigate the excess mortality among older adults during the pandemic. Our research focuses on 2 primary areas. First, we analyzed the cumulative excess mortality across all age groups to assess the global impact and specifically examined the top 20 countries with the highest mortality rates during the pandemic. Second, we explored excess deaths among older adults by categorizing data from the years 2020 and 2021 into age groups: 65–74, 75–84, and above 85.
Methods
We analyzed data from the top 20 countries with the highest mortality rates globally, focusing on 3 components: all-cause mortality means, expected deaths mean, and excess deaths mean for both older men and women.
Results
Although excess mortality is higher among older men and women across all 3 age groups (65–74, 75–84, and >85), the highest mean excess mortality was observed in women over the age of 85.
Conclusion
The results indicate that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus had a disproportionately intense impact on older women. We developed 2 types of statistical models using the data: a binomial distribution model and a correlation coefficient model, both considering the mean excess deaths in older men and women across these 3 age groups. Estimating the excess mortality among older adults will aid in the formulation of healthcare policies for this demographic.

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  • Immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and safety to assess booster vaccinations with BNT162b2 or double-dose mRNA-1273 in adults ≥75 years (EU-COVAT-1-AGED)–final report
    Jannik Stemler, Lusine Yeghiazaryan, Christoph Stephan, Kristin Greve-Isdahl Mohn, Rebecca Jane Cox, Antonio Javier Carcas-Sansuan, Esperanza Romero Rodriguez, José Moltó, Itziar Vergara Mitxeltorena, Isabelle Pink, Tobias Welte, Birutė Zablockienė, Murat
    International Journal of Infectious Diseases.2026; 165: 108466.     CrossRef
  • Dynamics of changes in the quality of life and long-term care systems for older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic
    Vitalii Horovenko, Lenka Lachytová
    Health Problems of Civilization.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Reconstructing severe acute respiratory infection dynamics from ICD-10 hospital discharge data: a 10-year analysis of 11.2 million discharges in Ecuador, 2014–2023
    Jaime Angamarca-Iguago, Jaen Cagua-Ordónez, Juan Marcos Parise-Vasco, Natasha Bella Fuentes-Tumbaco, Mónica Escobar-Naranjo, Claudia Reytor-González, Daniel Simancas-Racines
    Frontiers in Public Health.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 9,051 View
  • 130 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
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Altered eotaxin-1 and interleukin-34 levels in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a case-control observational study in Bangladesh
Syed Ishtiaque Hossain, Rapty Sarker, Sardar Mohammad Ashraful Islam, Mohiuddin Ahmed Bhuiyan, MMA Shalahuddin Qusar, Md. Rabiul Islam
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(1):72-80.
Published online December 12, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0222
Altered eotaxin-1 and interleukin-34 levels in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a case-control observational study in Bangladesh
Objectives
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a prevalent mental health condition that impacts daily life. It is thought to be associated with genetic, biological, and structural brain changes, serotonergic abnormalities, altered neuromodulation, and environmental factors. Limited observational studies have examined cytokines in Bangladeshi patients with OCD. This study aimed to assess the levels of eotaxin-1 and interleukin (IL)-34 in individuals with this disorder.
Methods
This case-control observational study included 58 patients with OCD and 30 healthy controls (HCs) matched for age, sex, and body mass index. The severity of OCD was assessed using the Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale (Y-BOCS). Psychiatrists evaluated participants according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Serum levels of eotaxin-1 and IL-34 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.
Results
Patients with OCD exhibited significantly higher serum eotaxin-1 levels (121.13±7.84 pg/mL) than HCs (85.52±9.42 pg/mL). Conversely, IL-34 levels were considerably lower in patients than in HCs (119.02±14.53 pg/mL vs. 179.96±27.88 pg/mL). The Cohen d values for eotaxin-1 and IL-34 were 0.55 and −0.48, respectively. Among patients with OCD, a significant positive correlation was found between serum eotaxin-1 level and Y-BOCS score, along with a negative correlation between serum eotaxin-1 and IL-34 levels.
Conclusion
The findings suggest that altered eotaxin-1 and IL-34 levels may be associated with OCD. These chemokines and cytokines could serve as primary tools for assessing the risk of OCD, warranting further clinical investigation. This could potentially support more extensive research and the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways.

Citations

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  • Profile of Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg Signature Cytokines and Microglia Regulatory Cytokines in ADHD and Healthy Controls: A Neuroimmunological Approach
    Fatma Subasi Turgut, Masum Öztürk, Mahmut Bulut, Sevgi Gökcüoğlu Nakipoğlu, Neval Kızıl, Nuriye Mete
    Journal of Attention Disorders.2026; 30(6): 807.     CrossRef
  • IL-34 in neurological homeostasis and its multifaceted roles in central nervous system diseases
    Ying Xin, Youyang Liao, Xing Cao, Xinyi Zhu, Jie Wang
    Frontiers in Immunology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Unraveling Gender Differences in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Focus on Key Micronutrients
    Sultana Algin, Mohammad Waliul Hasnat Sajib, Sumaiya Nausheen Ahmed, Md Raihan Siddique , Md Munim Reza, Nusrat Jahan Tanzilla, Tanbir Ahmed, Md Kamrul Islam, Pratiksha Patel, Mainul Haque
    Cureus.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 4,762 View
  • 106 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Impact of COVID-19 on human immunodeficiency virus tests, new diagnoses, and healthcare visits in the Republic of Korea: a retrospective study from 2016 to 2021
Yeonju Kim, Eonjoo Park, Yoonhee Jung, Koun Kim, Taeyoung Kim, Hwa Su Kim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(4):340-352.
Published online August 1, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0123
Impact of COVID-19 on human immunodeficiency virus tests, new diagnoses, and healthcare visits in the Republic of Korea: a retrospective study from 2016 to 2021
Objectives
Public health workers have been at the forefront of treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and managing the pandemic. The redeployment of this workforce has limited or interrupted other public health services, including testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This study aims to examine the impact of COVID-19 on HIV testing and diagnosis in the Republic of Korea from 2016 to 2021, comparing data before and after the onset of COVID-19.
Methods
Annual HIV testing data were collected from each institution through direct communication or from open-source databases. The annual number of new HIV cases was obtained from the official report of the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. Data on healthcare visits for HIV diagnosis or treatment were extracted from the open-source database of the National Insurance Health Service of Korea. Interrupted time series regression was conducted, stratified by institution type.
Results
In 2020, HIV tests, diagnoses, and visits decreased. Notably, public health centers experienced a substantial reduction in 2020−2021 compared to previous years. The annual percentage change in HIV tests was −53.0%, while for HIV diagnoses, it was −31.6%. The decrease in visits for HIV was also most pronounced for public facilities: −33.3% in 2020 and −45.6% in 2021 relative to 2019.
Conclusion
The numbers of tests, diagnoses, and healthcare visits for HIV at public health centers in the Republic of Korea substantially decreased in 2020 and 2021. The impacts of these changes on the early diagnosis and treatment of HIV necessitate further monitoring.

Citations

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  • Multidimensional Trends and AI-Based Forecasts of HIV Incidence in Korea, 1985–2024
    Seungho Baek, Haneol Cho, Chansoo Kim, Yeonju Kim
    Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Trends in HIV testing and Seroprevalence among key populations at public health centers in South Korea, 2011–2023: a nationwide analysis
    Jin-Sook Wang, Eun Ji Kim, Gayeong Kim, Seolhui Kim, Heui Man Kim, Na Rae Jo, Tae-Young Heo, Myung-Guk Han
    BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Epidemiological Characteristics of HIV-Infected Individuals by the Registration for Special Exempted Calculation: A Nationwide Cohort Study
    Yunsu Choi, Kyoung Hwan Ahn, Soo Min Kim, Bo Youl Choi, Jungsoon Choi, Jung Ho Kim, Shin-Woo Kim, Youn Jeong Kim, Yoon Hee Jun, Bo Young Park
    Infection & Chemotherapy.2024; 56(4): 510.     CrossRef
  • 4,995 View
  • 73 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Comparative safety of monovalent and bivalent mRNA COVID-19 booster vaccines in adolescents aged 12 to 17 years in the Republic of Korea
Mijeong Ko, Seontae Kim, Seok-Kyoung Choi, Seung Hwan Shin, Yeon-Kyeng Lee, Yunhyung Kwon
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(4):364-374.
Published online July 9, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0081
Comparative safety of monovalent and bivalent mRNA COVID-19 booster vaccines in adolescents aged 12 to 17 years in the Republic of Korea
Objectives
This study analyzed the safety of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) bivalent and monovalent booster vaccines, including the frequency of adverse events (AEs) such as myocarditis and pericarditis, in adolescents aged 12 to 17 years in the Republic of Korea. We aimed to share the safety profile of the COVID-19 bivalent vaccine booster doses.
Methods
We analyzed the frequencies of AEs reported to the COVID-19 vaccination management system (CVMS) or self-reported through the text message survey (TMS). Diagnostic eligibility and causality with vaccines were compared using odds ratios (ORs) by vaccine type, and incidence rates per 100,000 person-days were calculated for confirmed cases of myocarditis and pericarditis following monovalent and bivalent booster doses.
Results
In the CVMS, the AE reporting rate (per 100,000 doses) was lower after the bivalent booster (66.5) than after the monovalent booster (264.6). Among the AEs reported for both monovalent and bivalent vaccines 98.3% were non-serious and 1.7% were serious. According to the TMS, both local and systemic AEs were reported less frequently after the bivalent vaccination than after the monovalent vaccination in adolescents aged 12 to 17 years (p<0.001). The incidence rates per 100,000 person-days for confirmed myocarditis/pericarditis following monovalent and bivalent booster doses were 0.03 and 0.05, respectively; this difference was not statistically significant (OR, 1.797; 95% confidence interval, 0.210–15.386).
Conclusion
AEs in 12- to 17-year-olds following the bivalent booster were less frequent than those following the monovalent booster in the Republic of Korea, and no major safety issues were identified. However, the reporting rates for AEs were low.

Citations

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  • Health-related quality of life in adolescents with myocarditis and pericarditis after BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination: Korean national surveillance
    Yoonsun Yoon, Myung-Jae Hwang, Seung Hwan Shin, HyoSug Choi, Sara Na, Sangshin Park, Jue Seong Lee, Young June Choe, Hyun Mi Kang, Bin Ahn, Jong Hee Kim, Kyoungsan Seo
    European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing.2025; 24(5): 713.     CrossRef
  • Updated Evidence for Covid-19, RSV, and Influenza Vaccines for 2025–2026
    Jake Scott, Michael S. Abers, Harleen K. Marwah, Nicole C. McCann, Eric A. Meyerowitz, Aaron Richterman, Derek F. Fleming, Elise J. Holmes, Leah E. Moat, Sydney G. Redepenning, Emily A. Smith, Clare J. Stoddart, Maria E. Sundaram, Angela K. Ulrich, Christ
    New England Journal of Medicine.2025; 393(22): 2221.     CrossRef
  • Tozinameran

    Reactions Weekly.2024; 2029(1): 605.     CrossRef
  • 6,070 View
  • 95 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Effect of Paxlovid in COVID-19 treatment during the periods of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5 and BN.1 subvariant dominance in the Republic of Korea: a retrospective cohort study
Dong-Hwi Kim, Min-Gyu Yoo, Na-Young Kim, So Young Choi, Minjeong Jang, Misuk An, Se-Jin Jeong, Jungyeon Kim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(2):137-149.
Published online March 28, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0230
Effect of Paxlovid in COVID-19 treatment during the periods of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5 and BN.1 subvariant dominance in the Republic of Korea:  a retrospective cohort study
Objectives
This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir treatment in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), particularly those aged 60 years and older. Using real-world data, the period during which the BN.1 Omicron variant was dominant was compared to the period dominated by the BA.5 variant. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, data were collected regarding 2,665,281 patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 between July 24, 2022, and March 31, 2023. Propensity score matching was utilized to match patients who received nirmatrelvir/ ritonavir in a 1:4 ratio between BN.1 and BA.5 variant groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the effects of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir within these groups. Results: Compared to the prior period, the efficacy of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir did not significantly differ during the interval of Omicron BN.1 variant dominance in the Republic of Korea. Among patients treated with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, a significantly lower risk of mortality was observed in the BN.1 group (odds ratio [OR], 0.698; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.557–0.875) compared to the BA.5 group. However, this treatment did not significantly reduce the risk of severe or critical illness, including death, for those in the BN.1 group (OR, 0.856; 95% CI, 0.728–1.007). Conclusion: Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir has maintained its effectiveness against COVID-19, even with the emergence of the BN.1 Omicron subvariant. Consequently, we strongly recommend the administration of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir to patients exhibiting COVID-19-related symptoms, irrespective of the dominant Omicron variant or their vaccination status, to mitigate disease severity and decrease the risk of mortality.

Citations

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  • Effectiveness of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir for Outpatients in the Era of Omicron, Vaccination, and Previous Infection: A Meta-analysis
    Mark Ebell, Peter Kurotschka
    Journal of General Internal Medicine.2026; 41(12): 3516.     CrossRef
  • Severity of COVID-19 Omicron Variants: A Global Systematic Review
    Deepa Malhotra, Rajeev M. Nepal, Irini Zografaki, Moe H. Kyaw, Pinelopi Nikolopoulou, Rodrigo Sini de Almeida, Santiago M. C. Lopez, Stephen Wiblin, Fraser Williams, Sophie Pope, Isabelle Whittle, Fiona Pearson, Daniel Curcio
    Infectious Diseases and Therapy.2026; 15(7): 1827.     CrossRef
  • Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Efficacy in Immunocompetent Patients with Confirmed Omicron Variant of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
    Elnaz Khani, Hoda Afsharirad, Ali Taghizadeh Yadegari, Meysam Zarezadeh, Hila Asham, Hossein Bannazadeh-Baghi, Taher Entezari-Maleki
    Journal of Research in Pharmacy Practice.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 4,477 View
  • 104 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Analysis of factors influencing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and its prediction in Weifang, China from 2013 to 2021
Hui Zhang, Wan-Ying Zhao, Yan-Qing Yang, Xue-Yan Guo, Yi-Han Shi, Qi-Yong Liu, Jing Li
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(6):575-585.
Published online December 16, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0367
Analysis of factors influencing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and its prediction in Weifang, China from 2013 to 2021
Objectives
This study aimed to analyze the epidemiology and trends of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Weifang, China (2013–2021) and to guide prevention strategies.
Methods
The study examined the prevalence and incidence trends of HFRS in Weifang (2013–2021). Spearman correlation and wavelet analysis were employed to explore variable relationships and their associations with HFRS incidence. Generalized additive models (GAMs) were used to identify key risk factors, while structural equation modeling (SEM) quantified direct and indirect pathways influencing HFRS transmission. Finally, Bayesian time-series models were applied to predict future HFRS risk.
Results
Weifang reported 2,118 HFRS cases, which displayed distinct seasonality. Spearman correlation linked economic factors (gross domestic product [GDP], crop area, grain output, green space) and meteorological factors (temperature, pressure) to incidence (r>0.8). Wavelet analysis identified Mus musculus (2013–2016) and Rattus norvegicus (2017–2021) as dominant reservoirs, with temperature, precipitation, and humidity correlating with incidence. GAMs revealed a U-shaped relationship between rodent density and HFRS and an inverted U-shaped relationship between temperature (threshold, 11.64 °C) and HFRS. SEM highlighted the direct and indirect effects of climate via rodent density, mirrored by economic factors (e.g., GDP). Bayesian models effectively predicted HFRS (root mean square error, 7.36; mean absolute percentage error, 0.28; R2=0.65).
Conclusion
Climate, economic, and anthropogenic factors drive the spread of HFRS. Prevention strategies should integrate local economic conditions with meteorological and anthropogenic factors. Bayesian time-series modeling effectively predicts HFRS trends, supporting precision prevention strategies.

Citations

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  • Epidemiological characteristics and spatiotemporal heterogeneity of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in the Jiaodong Peninsula region, China, 2019–2025
    Xiaofang Guo, Ti Liu, Ruixiao Li, Xueying Tian, Yuwei Zhang, Xiaotong Shi, Qing Duan, Renpeng Li, Zengqiang Kou
    Frontiers in Public Health.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Drivers of Viral Spillover: An Examination of How Pathogens Spread
    Elenoire Sole, Giulia Montalbano, Giuseppe Motta, Maria Maddalena Pansera, Angelina Midiri, Mariarita Iacopino, Paolo Liotta, Giuseppe Mancuso, Carmelo Biondo
    Pathogens.2026; 15(9): 901.     CrossRef
  • 2,193 View
  • 91 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Review Article

The effects of resistance training on hemoglobin A1c, body mass index, and muscle strength in patients with diabetes mellitus based on age (middle-aged and older adults): a systematic review and meta-analysis
Objectives
This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of resistance training on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and body mass index in patients with diabetes mellitus, categorized by age.
Methods
A comprehensive search of English-language literature published between 1997 and 2025 was performed across 6 databases (Embase, CINAHL, Medline, Cochrane, PubMed, and PEDro). Standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were calculated, and publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger’s test. The Joanna Briggs Institute checklist was applied to evaluate study quality.
Results
Thirty randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria, comprising 620 participants in the older (<60 years of age) subgroup and 1,389 in the middle-aged (40–59 years of age) subgroup. In both subgroups, resistance training significantly reduced HbA1c levels and body mass index, while increasing muscle strength (primary outcome). It also significantly increased high-density lipoprotein, improved VO₂ peak, and reduced low-density lipoprotein (secondary outcomes). However, the effects of resistance training were significant only in the older-adult subgroup for total cholesterol and only in the middle-aged subgroup for triglycerides.
Conclusion
Resistance training is a recommended rehabilitation exercise for patients with diabetes mellitus. Routine resistance training has been shown to help maintain optimal HbA1c and body mass index levels and improve muscle strength. In addition, it does not pose a risk of adverse events in either middle-aged or older patients. Nonetheless, patients are advised to monitor blood glucose levels and adhere to a proper diet to achieve optimal outcomes.

Citations

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  • Brain glucodynamic variability is an essential feature of the metabolism–cognition relationship
    Hamish A. Deery, Emma Liang, Chris Moran, Gary F. Egan, Sharna D. Jamadar
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Impacts of Geri-Fit® on Health Outcomes in Older Adults: An Exploratory Study
    Allyson Mark, Wei-Chen Lee, Hani Serag, Namita Bhardwaj, Michael Goodman, Carlos Clark, Hanaa S. Sallam
    Healthcare.2026; 14(13): 1913.     CrossRef
  • 10,018 View
  • 221 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Original Articles

Scrub typhus in the era of climate change: exploring lagged and cumulative effects of meteorological factors in the Republic of Korea, 2001–2024, a nationwide time-series study
Objectives
Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, is a climate-sensitive vector-borne disease with high incidence in the Republic of Korea. This study examined long-term epidemiological trends and changing meteorological influences in the context of climate change.
Methods
A retrospective time-series study was conducted using national surveillance data on 149,289 scrub typhus cases (2001–2024) across 4 surveillance phases. Temporal trends in age-standardized incidence rates were evaluated using Joinpoint regression. Associations between monthly meteorological variables and incidence were assessed with Spearman correlation analysis and time-series regression analysis using distributed lag non-linear models.
Results
The national incidence increased until 2017 and has decreased since 2018, whereas the AAPC rebound to 4.32% during phase IV (2019–2024). The proportion of female cases decreased, while that of adults ≥70 years increased significantly. In phase IV, the average annual percent change increased in central and urban regions. The lag effect of meteorological factors lengthened from 4 to 6 months, with mean temperature (Tmean) and relative humidity (RH) representing the primary predictors. Phase III (2013–2018) displayed the highest cumulative relative risk (RR) for Tmean at 25.2 °C (RR, 5.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.56–13.42), whereas in phase IV, only moderate RH (58%) remained significantly associated with incidence (RR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.29–2.20).
Conclusion
Over the past 2 decades, the influence of meteorological factors on scrub typhus has shifted, with recent years marked by greater uncertainty under increasing climate variability and instability. For timely risk prediction and targeted prevention, adaptive surveillance systems that integrate dynamic climate indicators—capturing the intensity, frequency, and variability of extreme weather events—are needed.

Citations

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  • A Review of Domestic Research and Response Trends Regarding the Environmental and Health Impacts of Climate Change
    Young Sun Kwon, Junsuk Kang
    Journal of Environmental Health Sciences.2026; 52(1): 7.     CrossRef
  • Non-linear effects and lag patterns of eco-environmental factors on scrub typhus: a spatiotemporal analysis in Yunnan, China, 2015–2022
    Xiangnan Jing, Yuewei Ling, Ruonan Jing, Fuying Guo, Feifei Yin, Dongsheng Huang, Lijie Zhang, Xiangyu Yan, Tiejun Shui
    Parasites & Vectors.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 3,491 View
  • 145 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Factors influencing adherence to anti-tuberculosis treatment in Morocco: a cross-sectional study from the Béni Mellal-Khénifra region
Mohamed Dellal, Sanae Batoui, Youness Aassem, Khalid Habbari
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(5):476-485.
Published online September 19, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0153
Factors influencing adherence to anti-tuberculosis treatment in Morocco: a cross-sectional study from the Béni Mellal-Khénifra region
Objectives
Adherence to anti-tuberculosis treatment is essential for achieving successful outcomes and preventing the emergence of drug-resistant strains. This study aimed to evaluate adherence levels and identify factors associated with non-adherence among tuberculosis patients in the Béni Mellal-Khénifra region of Morocco. We hypothesized that sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral factors influence adherence.
Methods
A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2023 to December 2024 in 2 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease Diagnostic Centers in the Béni Mellal-Khénifra region. A total of 481 patients who had been on treatment for at least 2 months were recruited using convenience sampling. Data were collected through structured, pre-tested questionnaires administered in face-to-face interviews and verified against treatment cards and medical records. Adherence was defined as taking ≥90% of prescribed doses. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of non-adherence.
Results
Among the 481 participants, 8.1% were non-adherent. Significant predictors of non-adherence included forgetfulness (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 38.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 11.35–132.88), adverse effects (AOR, 14.26; 95% CI, 3.17–64.13), male sex (AOR, 6.77; 95% CI, 1.45–31.60), rural residence (AOR, 4.42; 95% CI, 1.37–14.25), self-adjusted dosing (AOR, 5.83; 95% CI, 1.20–28.34), stopping treatment after symptom improvement (AOR, 6.56; 95% CI, 1.34–32.14), and missed follow-up visits (AOR, 6.74; 95% CI, 1.56–29.19).
Conclusion
Although overall adherence was high, 8.1% of patients were non-adherent. Strategies to improve adherence should focus on addressing forgetfulness, managing side effects, enhancing access in rural areas, and reinforcing patient education and follow-up systems to improve treatment outcomes in this and similar settings.

Citations

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  • Longitudinal Observation by Optical Coherence Tomography in Patients Treated with Ethambutol: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Rui Luo, Jin Ma, Yong Zhong
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2026; 15(3): 1230.     CrossRef
  • Non-Adherence to Anti-Tuberculosis Treatment and Its Determinants Among Tuberculosis Patients in Tanzania
    Meshack Morice, Bernadetha Hugho Kimario, Indo Ndaigeze, Damas Dismas Nyabenda
    Journal of Community Health.2026; 51(4): 648.     CrossRef
  • 1,774 View
  • 98 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Metabolic and systemic inflammation status in rheumatoid arthritis—fasting blood glucose as a primary predictor of rheumatoid arthritis risk: a cross-sectional study in Iran
Objectives
This study investigated the relationship between metabolic factors (blood lipids and glucose) and inflammatory indicators (tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α] and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP]), disease activity, and the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk.
Methods
Serum fasting blood glucose (FBG) and lipid profiles—including total cholesterol (Chol), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein—were measured in 100 RA patients and 100 healthy individuals. Disease severity was assessed using the disease activity score 28. Inflammatory indicators (TNF-α and hs-CRP) were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.
Results
In RA patients, serum FBG, TG, Chol/HDL, and TG/HDL were significantly elevated, whereas HDL levels reduced compared to healthy individuals. Multivariate analysis indicated that each unit increase in serum FBG, HDL, Chol/HDL, and TG/HDL was associated with a 64% increase (p<0.001), a 7% reduction (p=0.001), a 52% increase (p=0.007), and a 54% increase (p=0.001) in the odds of RA, respectively. Disease activity showed no correlation with metabolic factors (p>0.05). Among all metabolic factors studied, FBG had the largest area under the curve (0.981) (p<0.0001) for predicting RA. Across the total participant group, FBG, TG, and TG/HDL were positively associated with hs-CRP and TNF-α (p<0.05). HDL showed an inverse association with hs-CRP (p=0.008). Among RA patients specifically, TNF-α positively correlated with TG and TG/HDL, while hs-CRP correlated only with TG/HDL.
Conclusion
These findings indicate that increased FBG and Chol/HDL and decreased HDL may elevate RA risk by promoting systemic inflammation. Among these, elevated FBG may serve as the strongest predictor of RA risk.

Citations

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  • Roles of immune cell metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis
    Rui Xie, Zeping Chen, Shufang Deng, Xiaofeng Jiang, Yue Feng, Wei Zhao
    Frontiers in Immunology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Rheumatoid Factor Beyond Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Potential Marker of Cardiometabolic and Hepatic Risk
    Simeon Egba, Innocent Orhonigbe, Ngozi Achi, Gavin Ikechukwu, Charles Chukwu, Chukwudi Omeoga
    Biologics: Targets and Therapy.2026; Volume 20: 1.     CrossRef
  • 3,478 View
  • 83 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Review Article

Effectiveness of non-pharmacological school-based therapies for cigarette smoking cessation among adolescents in South and Southeast Asian countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Fahad Ali Mangrio, Penpaktr Uthis, Suwimon Rojnawee, Alicia K Matthews
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(3):195-210.
Published online April 30, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0320
Effectiveness of non-pharmacological school-based therapies for cigarette smoking cessation among adolescents in South and Southeast Asian countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Objectives
This review and meta-analysis examined the effectiveness of non-pharmacological therapies delivered through school-based interventions for smoking cessation among adolescents in South and Southeast Asian countries.
Methods
A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, BioMed Central, the Cochrane Library, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global from inception to October 2024. Eligible studies comprised randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies that compared non-pharmacological smoking cessation interventions delivered in schools or other educational institutions. Data on smoking abstinence outcomes were extracted from published studies, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using a random-effects model via the Mantel-Haenszel estimator.
Results
Seven studies involving 1,260 participants were included. The meta-analysis demonstrated that non-pharmacological school-based therapies significantly increased smoking abstinence compared to controls (OR, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.83–4.40; p<0.001. Subgroup analyzes revealed benefits across both randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies with varying abstinence rates. Studies utilizing biochemical verification showed significant positive effects despite substantial heterogeneity, and short-term (<3 months) abstinence was significantly higher in intervention groups compared to controls. Overall, no differences were found between subgroups regarding intervention effectiveness.
Conclusion
This meta-analysis indicates that non-pharmacological school-based interventions positively impact smoking abstinence rates, although effectiveness may vary based on study design, follow-up duration, and use of biochemical verification. The findings underscore the need for further research with larger sample sizes, extended follow-up periods, and improved methodological rigor in these regions.

Citations

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  • Global disease burden of laryngeal cancer attributable to smoking from 1990 to 2021
    Xiao Han, Shanchun Gong, Chao Wang, Yulin Zhang, Yufei Pan, Jing Li, Kai Liu, Zhenkun Yu
    European Journal of Cancer Prevention.2026; 35(4): 291.     CrossRef
  • Adapting and Implementing a School-Based “Implementation Intentions” Program Within FRESHAIR4Life to Prevent Smoking Initiation Among Adolescents in Greece: A Study Protocol
    Izolde Bouloukaki, Antonios Christodoulakis, Sevasti Peraki, Floor A. Van Den Brand, Faraz Siddiqui, Theodoros Krasanakis, Antonia Aravantinou-Karlatou, Purva Abhyankar, Siân Williams, Julia van Koeveringe, Rianne MJJ van der Kleij, Ioanna Tsiligianni
    Healthcare.2026; 14(7): 938.     CrossRef
  • 8,622 View
  • 214 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Data Profile

Synthetic data production for biomedical research
Yun Gyeong Lee, Mi-Sook Kwak, Jeong Eun Kim, Min Sun Kim, Dong Un No, Hee Youl Chai
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(2):94-99.
Published online April 22, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0335
Synthetic data production for biomedical research
Synthetic data, generated using advanced artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, replicates the statistical properties of real-world datasets while excluding identifiable information. Although synthetic data does not consist of actual data points, it is derived from original datasets, thereby enabling analyses that yield results comparable to those obtained with real data. Synthetic datasets are evaluated based on their utility—a measure of how effectively they mirror real data for analytical purposes. This paper presents the generation of synthetic datasets through the Healthcare Big Data Showcase Project (2019–2023). The original dataset comprises comprehensive multi-omics data from 400 individuals, including cancer survivors, chronic disease patients, and healthy participants. Synthetic data facilitates efficient access and robust analyses, serving as a practical tool for research and education. It addresses privacy concerns, supports AI research, and provides a foundation for innovative applications across diverse fields, such as public health and precision medicine.

Citations

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  • MetaAcuPoint: MetaHuman-Generated Synthetic Data for Hand Acupoint Localization
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Review Article

Global health security in the post-COVID-19 era: threats, preparation, and response
Chaeshin Chu
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(2):116-125.
Published online April 4, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0037
Global health security in the post-COVID-19 era: threats, preparation, and response
Global health security threats in the post-coronavirus disease 2019 era include dense urban populations, increased human–animal proximity, migration driven by political or economic instability, climate change, humanitarian crises, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and the misuse of biological research—including the accidental or intentional release of high-risk pathogens. The foundational preparation for these threats is to establish a robust, resilient public health system based on universal health coverage. The World Health Organization’s International Health Regulations must continue to promote global solidarity by maintaining core capacities such as surveillance, national laboratories, and epidemiological investigations of emerging infectious diseases, with timely reporting and information sharing within the global health security community. A One Health approach is essential for addressing AMR. Infection prevention and control must be enhanced to reduce healthcare-associated infections in medical facilities. Additionally, regulations concerning biosafety and biosecurity should address dual-use research of concern as well as the accidental or intentional release of highrisk pathogens from laboratories. Global health security is a collective responsibility because these threats know no borders and require coordinated action.

Citations

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  • The Role of Environmental and Climatic Factors in Accelerating Antibiotic Resistance in the Mediterranean Region
    Nikolaos P. Tzavellas, Natalia Atzemoglou, Petros Bozidis, Konstantina Gartzonika
    Acta Microbiologica Hellenica.2026; 71(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Global health preparedness for biosecurity threats: a review of emerging technologies and solutions
    Omotade Adebimpe Ijarotimi, Adeyemi Akeem Amuda, Christopher Oluwatosin Omokanye, Mariam Amuda
    Frontiers in Public Health.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Original Articles

The first report of antibiotic resistance and virulence factor profiles in multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from Pontianak, Indonesia
Mardhia Mardhia, Delima Fajar Liana, Mahyarudin Mahyarudin, Hariyanto Ih
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(2):160-168.
Published online April 4, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0242
The first report of antibiotic resistance and virulence factor profiles in multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from Pontianak, Indonesia
Objectives
Klebsiella pneumoniae is known as one of the most common causes of hospitalacquired infections. Its prevalence poses substantial challenges to both hospital and public health systems, particularly due to the rise of multidrug‐resistant strains. Understanding the epidemiology and resistance properties of K. pneumoniae can inform antimicrobial stewardship and infection control programs. A cross-sectional study was employed from November 2021 to November 2023. Methods: A total of 24 isolates underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the disk diffusion method, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production test, and molecular gene detection. Results: The study found that 95.8% of clinical isolates were classified as multidrug-resistant. All isolates were resistant to ampicillin (100%). A high percentage of isolates were resistant to cefazolin (91.7%), ceftriaxone (87.5%), cefotaxime (87.5%), cefepime (87.5%), ciprofloxacin (83.3%), and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (83.3%). Of the 24 isolates, 87.5% harbored ESBL genes, while the frequencies for GES, NDM, SIM, and OXA-48 were 16.7%, 20.8%, 8.3%, and 41.7%, respectively. Notably, the OXA-23 and OXA-51 genes, which are typically associated with Acinetobacter baumannii, were detected in 16.7% and 20.8% of isolates, respectively. Moreover, the prevalence of virulence genes rmpA, acrAB, and tolC was 0%, 95.8%, and 87.5%, respectively. Conclusion: This study demonstrated a high level of antibiotic resistance and a significant presence of virulence genes among K. pneumoniae isolates. Consequently, these findings represent a critical public health issue that requires heightened awareness among all stakeholders, including health workers.

Citations

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  • Computational Modeling of a Novel CTX-M β-Lactamase Escherichia coli Isolated from Yogyakarta, Indonesia Using I-TASSER
    Anggiresti Kinasih, Endah Retnaningrum
    Indonesian Journal of Medical Laboratory Science a.2026; 8(1): 51.     CrossRef
  • Genetic profiling of the tolC component of the acrAB-TolC efflux pump in clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates: a cross-sectional study in Pontianak, Indonesia
    Mardhia Mardhia, Delima Fajar Liana, Sari Eka Pratiwi, Mahyarudin Mahyarudin, Risa Agustina
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2026; 17(3): 254.     CrossRef
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  • 140 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
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Factors associated with malaria infection in under-5 children in Papua Province, Indonesia: an observational study
Betty Roosihermiatie, Gurendro Putro, Arga Setyo Adji, Windy Tri Yuana, Selma Arsit Selto Siahaan, Rukmini Rukmini, Rustika Rustika
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(6):508-520.
Published online November 28, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0152
Factors associated with malaria infection in under-5 children in Papua Province, Indonesia: an observational study
Objectives
Malaria remains a serious public health challenge in tropical and subtropical regions, including Indonesia. Children under 5 years old face particular risk of contracting malaria due to low immunity. We examined potential factors associated with malaria infection among under-5 children in Papua Province, Indonesia.
Methods
The study utilized secondary data from Indonesia Basic Health Research 2018. Multistage random sampling was employed, from the province level to census blocks (CBs). In Papua Province, interviews were conducted in 928 CBs. All 2,745 under-5 children were selected. The dependent variable was laboratory-confirmed malaria positivity; independent factors included residential area, socioeconomic characteristics, and behaviors such as sleeping under an insecticide net impregnated ≤3 years ago and the use of ventilation barriers. We also examined the conditions of the bedroom, kitchen, and living room according to the frequency of window-opening, proportion of ventilation area to the floor, and radiance.
Results
Not sleeping under an insecticide net impregnated within the last 3 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.518; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.391–0.685; p<0.001); having a kitchen without windows (aOR, 0.491; 95% CI, 0.285–0.844; p=0.01); rarely opening the living room window (aOR, 2.804; 95% CI, 1.232–6.383; p=0.01), and having a windowless living room (aOR, 3.027; 95% CI, 1.369–6.696; p=0.01) displayed significant relationships with malaria infection among under-5 children.
Conclusion
Not using an insecticide-treated net impregnated ≤3 years ago, along with opening the living room window daily and having a kitchen without windows, appear preventive of malaria infection among under-5 children.

Citations

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  • Associations of temperature and precipitation with malaria in children under 5: A multi-country study in Sub-Saharan Africa
    Suleiman Chombo, Jovine Bachwenkizi, Huda Omary, Heavenlight A. Paulo, Pankras Luoga, Abdallah Zacharia, Jackline Vicent Mbishi, John D. Andrew, Isaac Y. Addo, Luzia H Carvalho
    PLOS One.2025; 20(10): e0335031.     CrossRef
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    Claire A Quiner, Adamu Zigwai Ephraim, Vivian Kwaghe, Cyril Erameh, Jay Samuels, Lauren P Courtney, Jean H Kim, Osahogie Isaac Edeawe, Nankpah Vongdip, Onyia Justus Ejike, Ikponmwosa Odia, Kat Asman, Philippe Chebu, Jacqueline Agbukor, Oladimeji Damilare
    Clinical Infectious Diseases.2025; 81(Supplement): S168.     CrossRef
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Review Article
Comparison and consideration of vaccine injury compensation programs in the Republic of Korea, Japan, and Taiwan
Cho Ryok Kang, Young June Choe, Jihyun Moon, Dooyoung Kim, Taemi Kim, Jong-Koo Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(6):479-488.
Published online November 12, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0129
Comparison and consideration of vaccine injury compensation programs in the Republic of Korea, Japan, and Taiwan
This study aimed to establish a foundation for future collaborations aimed at preparing for and responding to infectious diseases by examining the vaccine injury compensation programs (VICPs) of East Asian countries. We reviewed the current status of VICPs in the Republic of Korea, Japan, and Taiwan by searching national government websites and reviewing relevant literature. Additionally, we conducted email inquiries targeting experts from Japan and Taiwan. Through the comprehensive analysis of VICPs in these 3 countries covered various aspects, we identified several similarities and differences in the VICPs across these countries. While the governments of the Republic of Korea, Japan, and Taiwan play a central role in supporting investigations into vaccine injuries and managing compensation procedures based on legal statutes, they differ in terms of financial resources for compensation, the range of vaccines covered, and the criteria for assessing causality. In the Republic of Korea, Japan, and Taiwan, compensation is typically paid in a lump sum, although the specific benefits available vary by country. This study on VICPs in the Republic of Korea, Japan, and Taiwan provides valuable insights for the further development and management of domestic systems.

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    Sanit Thongsriratch, Therdpong Thongseiratch, Saratis Pairoh, Puttichart Khantee
    Vaccines.2026; 14(8): 664.     CrossRef
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    Tareq S. Alshammari
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  • 128 Download
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