Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives

From articles published in Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives during the past two years (2021 ~ ).

Original Article

Perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccine and willingness to receive vaccination among health workers in Nigeria: Oluseyi Ademola Adejumo, Olorunfemi Akinbode Ogundele, Cynthia Roli Madubuko, Rosena Olubanke Oluwafemi, Ogochukwu Chinedum Okoye, Kenechukwu Chukwuemeka Okonkwo, Sunday Samson Owolade, Oladimeji Adedeji Junaid, Olutoyin Morenike Lawal, Adenike Christianah Enikuomehin, Maureen Iru Ntaji, Aisha Sokunbi, Aina Omodele Timothy, Olatunji Sunday Abolarin, Emmanuel Olalekan Ali, John Oghenevwirhe Ohaju-Obodo; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2021;12(4):236-243. Published online July 19, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0023

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Objectives
The study aimed to examine health workers’ perceptions of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine in Nigeria and their willingness to receive the vaccine when it becomes available.
Methods
This multi-center cross-sectional study used non-probability convenience sampling to enroll 1,470 hospital workers aged 18 and above from 4 specialized hospitals. A structured and validated self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data entry and analysis were conducted using IBM SPSS ver. 22.0.
Results
The mean age of respondents was 40±6 years. Only 53.5% of the health workers had positive perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccine, and only slightly more than half (55.5%) were willing to receive vaccination. Predictors of willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine included having a positive perception of the vaccine (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 4.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.50−5.69), perceiving a risk of contracting COVID-19 (AOR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.25–3.98), having received tertiary education (AOR, 3.50; 95% CI, 1.40−6.86), and being a clinical health worker (AOR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.01−1.68).
Conclusion
Perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccine and willingness to receive the vaccine were sub-optimal among this group. Educational interventions to improve health workers' perceptions and attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine are needed.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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Journal of Asian and African Studies.2023; 58(5): 725. CrossRef
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Rafaella Fortini Queiroz Grenfell, Oyetunde Timothy Oyeyemi
Pathogens and Global Health.2023; 117(2): 152. CrossRef
Knowledge, attitudes, and factors determining the willingness for COVID-19 vaccination among students in Bangladesh: An online-based cross-sectional study
Ashis Talukder, Soheli Sharmin, Chuton Deb Nath, Iqramul Haq, Md. Ismail Hossain, Md. Jakaria Habib, Sabiha Shirin Sara
Journal of Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Sunday Ogbu, Ogochukwu Ebere Emenike, Amaka Loretta Nwankwo
Electronic Journal of Medical and Educational Tech.2023; 16(2): em2304. CrossRef
Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers in Cameroon and Nigeria: a web-based cross-sectional study
Jerry Brown Aseneh, Valirie Ndip Agbor, Benjamin Momo Kadia, Elvis Anyaehiechukwu Okolie, Chinelo Janefrances Ofomata, Christie Linonge Etombi, Domin Sone M Ekaney, Yvonne Walburga Joko Fru
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Heliyon.2023; 9(5): e15776. CrossRef
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Charles Ikechukwu Ezema, Okechukwu Felix Erondu, Ogochukwu Kelechi Onyeso, Chiedozie James Alumona, Andrew Wueseter Ijever, Charity Ndidiamaka Amarachukwu, Amaeze Augustine Amaeze
Annals of Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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A. de Figueiredo, E. Temfack, R. Tajudeen, H. J. Larson
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Knowledge and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers in Enugu metropolis, Enugu state, Nigeria
Kelechi U. Imediegwu, Jude C. Abor, Chiamaka Q. Onyebuchukwu, Hilary I. Ugwu, Ogechi I. Ugwu, Udo Ego Anyaehie, Oluchi A. Onyia
Frontiers in Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
COVID-19 vaccination acceptance (uptake, hesitancy, intention to receive and timeliness of the intention to receive) and the determinants among health workers in Ebonyi state, Nigeria: an analytical cross-sectional study
Ugwu I Omale, Onyinyechukwu U Oka, Chidinma I Amuzie, Victor U Uduma, Azuka S Adeke, Cordis O Ikegwuonu, Glory E Nkwo, Ugochi I A Nwali, Osarhiemen Iyare, Richard L Ewah, Olaedo O Nnachi, Okechukwu O Ukpabi, Ifeyinwa M Okeke
BMJ Open.2023; 13(7): e068668. CrossRef
Hesitação vacinal contra a COVID-19 na América Latina e África: uma revisão de escopo
Bruna Aparecida Gonçalves, Camila Carvalho de Souza Amorim Matos, Jonathan Vicente dos Santos Ferreira, Renata Fortes Itagyba, Vinicius Rocha Moço, Marcia Thereza Couto
Cadernos de Saúde Pública.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Zubairu Iliyasu, Muhammad R. Garba, Auwalu U. Gajida, Taiwo G. Amole, Amina A. Umar, Hadiza M. Abdullahi, Aminatu A. Kwaku, Hamisu M. Salihu, Muktar H. Aliyu
Pathogens and Global Health.2022; 116(4): 254. CrossRef
A Global Map of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance Rates per Country: An Updated Concise Narrative Review
Malik Sallam, Mariam Al-Sanafi, Mohammed Sallam
Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare.2022; Volume 15: 21. CrossRef
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Meliha Cagla Sonmezer, Taha Koray Sahin, Enes Erul, Furkan Sacit Ceylan, Muhammed Yusuf Hamurcu, Nihal Morova, Ipek Rudvan Al, Serhat Unal
Vaccines.2022; 10(2): 278. CrossRef
Factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine uptake among adults in Nigeria
Halimat Adedeji-Adenola, Olubusola A. Olugbake, Shakirat A. Adeosun, Ismaeel Yunusa
PLOS ONE.2022; 17(2): e0264371. CrossRef
Perception and Prevention Practices Relating to Covid 19 Infection Among Elderly in Ogun State, Nigeria
Adenitire G., Agbede C.O.
International Journal of Public Health and Pharmac.2022; 2(1): 29. CrossRef
Predicting nursing students' intention to attend face‐to‐face classes on school reopening: A theory of planned behavior application
Ryan Michael F. Oducado, Jerome V. Cleofas, Gil P. Soriano
Nursing Forum.2022; 57(5): 733. CrossRef
COVID-19 vaccination in Nigeria: A rapid review of vaccine acceptance rate and the associated factors
Oluwatosin Olu-Abiodun, Olumide Abiodun, Ngozi Okafor, Nusirat Elelu
PLOS ONE.2022; 17(5): e0267691. CrossRef
COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among health care workers in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Martin Ackah, Louise Ameyaw, Mohammed Gazali Salifu, Delali Pearl Afi Asubonteng, Cynthia Osei Yeboah, Eugene Narkotey Annor, Eunice Abena Kwartemaa Ankapong, Hosea Boakye, Muhammad Shahzad Aslam
PLOS ONE.2022; 17(5): e0268711. CrossRef
A national survey of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Nigeria
Ahmad Ibrahim Al-Mustapha, Ochulor Okechukwu, Ademola Olayinka, Oyeniyi Rasheed Muhammed, Muftau Oyewo, Samuel A. Owoicho, Ahmed Tijani Abubakar, Abdulsalam Olabisi, Aliyu Jibril, Simon Ereh, Oluwatosin Enoch Fakayode, Oluwaseun Adeolu Ogundijo, Nusirat E
Vaccine.2022; 40(33): 4726. CrossRef
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Africa: a scoping review
Betty B. B. Ackah, Michael Woo, Lisa Stallwood, Zahra A. Fazal, Arnold Okpani, Ugochinyere Vivian Ukah, Prince A. Adu
Global Health Research and Policy.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Associated Factors Among College Students in Dessie City, Northeastern Ethiopia
Gete Berihun, Zebader Walle, Daniel Teshome, Leykun Berhanu, Mohammed Derso
Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare.2022; Volume 15: 1735. CrossRef
Career Aspiration Fulfillment and COVID-19 Vaccination Intention among Nigerian Youth: An Instrumental Variable Approach
Abayomi Samuel Oyekale
International Journal of Environmental Research an.2022; 19(16): 9813. CrossRef
COVID-19 Vaccine Attitude and Its Predictors Among People Living With Chronic Health Conditions in Ibadan, Nigeria
Lucia Yetunde Ojewale, Rotimi Felix Afolabi, Adesola Ogunniyi
International Journal of Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Associations between COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and the experience of violence among women and girls living with and at risk of HIV in Nigeria
Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Olujide Arije, Amaka Enemo, Aaron Sunday, Amira Muhammad, Hasiya Yunusa Nyako, Rilwan Mohammed Abdullah, Henry Okiwu, Erik Lamontagne
African Journal of AIDS Research.2022; 21(4): 306. CrossRef
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Grace Ben Inah, Samuel Archibong Efanga, Ekaete Vincent Ukpong, Christiana Ifeyinwa Obiora
Calabar Journal of Health Sciences.2022; 6: 80. CrossRef
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Zerihun Figa, Tesfaye Temesgen, Addisu Getnet Zemeskel, Moges Ganta, Asrat Alemu, Mesfin Abebe, Zemachu Ashuro
Public Health in Practice.2022; 4: 100343. CrossRef
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Ugwu I Omale, Osarhiemen Iyare, Richard L Ewah, Chidinma I Amuzie, Onyinyechukwu U Oka, Victor U Uduma, Azuka S Adeke, Cordis O Ikegwuonu, Olaedo O Nnachi, Okechukwu O Ukpabi, Ifeyinwa M Okeke, Glory E Nkwo, Ugochi IA Nwali
BMJ Open.2022; 12(12): e061732. CrossRef
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Sohail Agha, Adaobi Chine, Mathias Lalika, Samikshya Pandey, Aparna Seth, Alison Wiyeh, Alyssa Seng, Nandan Rao, Akhtar Badshah
Vaccines.2021; 9(10): 1162. CrossRef

Brief Report

Genomic Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2: Distribution of Clades in the Republic of Korea in 2020: Ae Kyung Park, Il-Hwan Kim, Junyoung Kim, Jeong-Min Kim, Heui Man Kim, Chae young Lee, Myung-Guk Han, Gi-Eun Rhie, Donghyok Kwon, Jeong-Gu Nam, Young-Joon Park, Jin Gwack, Nam-Joo Lee, SangHee Woo, Jin Sun No, Jaehee Lee, Jeemin Ha, JeeEun Rhee, Cheon-Kwon Yoo, Eun-Jin Kim; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2021;12(1):37-43. Published online February 23, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.12.1.06

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Abstract PDF

Since a novel beta-coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in December 2019, there has been a rapid global spread of the virus. Genomic surveillance was conducted on samples isolated from infected individuals to monitor the spread of genetic variants of SARS-CoV-2 in Korea. The Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency performed whole genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 in Korea for 1 year (January 2020 to January 2021). A total of 2,488 SARS-CoV-2 cases were sequenced (including 648 cases from abroad). Initially, the prevalent clades of SARS-CoV-2 were the S and V clades, however, by March 2020, GH clade was the most dominant. Only international travelers were identified as having G or GR clades, and since the first variant 501Y.V1 was identified (from a traveler from the United Kingdom on December 22^nd, 2020), a total of 27 variants of 501Y.V1, 501Y.V2, and 484K.V2 have been classified (as of January 25^th, 2021). The results in this study indicated that quarantining of travelers entering Korea successfully prevented dissemination of the SARS-CoV-2 variants in Korea.

Citations

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Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2023; 14(4): 272. CrossRef
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Emerging Infectious Diseases.2022; 28(2): 415. CrossRef
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Vaccines.2022; 10(2): 332. CrossRef
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Jeong-Min Kim, Jee Eun Rhee, Myeongsu Yoo, Heui Man Kim, Nam-Joo Lee, Sang Hee Woo, Hye-Jun Jo, Donghyok Kwon, Sangwon Lee, Cheon Kwon Yoo, Eun-Jin Kim
Frontiers in Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Kwang-Eun Choi, Jeong-Min Kim, Jee Eun Rhee, Ae Kyung Park, Eun-Jin Kim, Cheon Kwon Yoo, Nam Sook Kang
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(9): 4956. CrossRef
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Review Article

Social determinants of adherence to COVID-19 preventive guidelines: a comprehensive review: Zahra Jorjoran Shushtari, Yahya Salimi, Sina Ahmadi, Nader Rajabi-Gilan, Marzieh Shirazikhah, Akbar Biglarian, Ali Almasi, Mohammad Ali Mohammadi Gharehghani; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2021;12(6):346-360. Published online December 21, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0180

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13 Citations

Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Adherence to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) preventive guidelines (ACPG) is an important strategy to control the COVID-19 pandemic effectively. The present study aimed to identify and summarize the social determinants of ACPG among the general population. A comprehensive review was performed from December 2019 to February 2021 through searching electronic databases. Two independent reviewers assessed and selected relevant studies. Next, the characteristics and main findings of the included studies were summarized. Finally, the World Health Organization’s conceptual framework of social determinants of health was used to synthesize the identified social determinants of ACPG. Forty-one of 453 retrieved articles met the inclusion criteria. The study results showed different patterns of ACPG among various communities. Furthermore, 84 social determinants were identified and categorized into structural and intermediary determinants. ACPG is a set of complex behaviors associated with different individual sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics; living and working conditions; COVID-19 knowledge, attitudes, and risk perceptions; exposure to sources and information level; leisure activities; social support; trust; social norms; psychosocial well-being; socio-economic position; and the socio-economic and political context. Interventions to promote ACPG among the general population should consider the identified social determinants of ACPG.

Citations

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International Journal of Adolescence and Youth.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Sina Ahmadi, Zahra Jorjoran Shushtari, Marzieh Shirazikhah, Akbar Biglarian, Seyed Fahim Irandoost, Toktam Paykani, Ali Almasi, Nader Rajabi-Gilan, Nafiul Mehedi, Yahya Salimi
INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, .2022; 59: 004695802210841. CrossRef
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Javad Yoosefi Lebni, Saeede Pavee, Mandana Saki, Arash Ziapour, Ahmad Ahmadi, Mehdi Khezeli
Frontiers in Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Adherence to Coronavirus Disease 2019 Preventive Measures in a Representative Sample of the Population of the Canton of Vaud, Switzerland
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International Journal of Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Angela Davis, Stephanie Munari, Joseph Doyle, Brett Sutton, Allen Cheng, Margaret Hellard, Lisa Gibbs
BMC Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Psychosocial Determinants of Hand Hygiene, Facemask Wearing, and Physical Distancing During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Wei Liang, Yanping Duan, Feifei Li, Ryan E Rhodes, Xiang Wang, Dehiwala Liyanage Ishanka Harshani Kusum Peiris, Lin Zhou, Borui Shang, Yide Yang, Julien S Baker, Jiao Jiao, Wei Han
Annals of Behavioral Medicine.2022; 56(11): 1174. CrossRef

Brief Report

COVID-19 vaccine safety monitoring in Republic of Korea from February 26, 2021 to October 31, 2021: Insob Hwang, Kyeongeun Park, Tae Eun Kim, Yunhyung Kwon, Yeon-Kyeng Lee; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2021;12(6):396-402. Published online December 21, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0310

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10 Citations

Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
This study aimed to present data on reported adverse events following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in Republic of Korea from February 26 to October 31, 2021, and to determine whether any significant patterns emerged from an analysis of the characteristics of suspected adverse event cases for each type of vaccine.
Methods
Adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination reported by medical doctors and forensic pathologists were analyzed. Cases of suspected anaphylaxis were classified using the Brighton Collaboration definition.
Results
By October 31, 2021, a total of 353,535 (0.45%) adverse events were reported after 78,416,802 COVID-19 vaccine doses. Of the adverse events, 96.4% were non-serious and 3.6% were serious. The most frequently reported adverse events were headache, myalgia, and dizziness. Of the 835 reported deaths after COVID-19 vaccination, 2 vaccine-related deaths were confirmed. Suspected anaphylaxis was confirmed in 454 cases using the Brighton Collaboration definition.
Conclusion
The commonly reported symptoms were similar to those described in clinical trials. Most reported adverse events were non-serious, and the reporting rate of adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination was higher in women than in men (581 vs. 315 per 100,000 vaccinations). Confirmed anaphylaxis was reported in 5.8 cases per 1,000,000 vaccinations.

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Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2023; 14(3): 224. CrossRef
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Review Article

India’s efforts to achieve 1.5 billion COVID-19 vaccinations: a narrative review: Kapil Singh, Ashwani Verma, Monisha Lakshminarayan; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2022;13(5):316-327. Published online October 14, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0104

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Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF

The initial case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in India was reported on January 30, 2020, and subsequently, the number of COVID-19-infected patients surged during the first wave of April 2020 and the second wave in the same month of 2021. The government of India imposed a strict nationwide lockdown in April 2020 and extended it until May 2020. The second wave of COVID-19 in India overwhelmed the country’s health facilities and exhausted its medical and paramedical workforce. This narrative review was conducted with the aim of summarizing the evidence drawn from policy documents of governmental and non-governmental organizations, as well as capturing India's COVID-19 vaccination efforts. The findings from this review cover the Indian government's vaccination initiatives, which ranged from steps taken to combat vaccine hesitancy to vaccination roadmaps, deployment plans, the use of digital health technology, vaccination monitoring, adverse effects, and innovative strategies such as Har Ghar Dastak and Jan Bhagidari Andolan (people’s participation). These efforts collectively culminated in the successful administration of more than 1.8 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines in India. This review also provides insights into other countries’ responses to COVID-19 and guidance for future pandemics.

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Sneh Lata Gupta, Surbhi Goswami, Ananya Anand, Namrata Naman, Priya Kumari, Priyanka Sharma, Rishi K. Jaiswal
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Development of a Choice-framework for Covid vaccines in India using a multi-criteria decision analysis approach
Tarun K. George, Nayana P. Nair, Awnish Kumar Singh, A. Dilesh Kumar, Arup Deb Roy, Varshini Neethi Mohan, Gagandeep Kang
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Nandini Sharma, Saurav Basu, Heena Lalwani, Shivani Rao, Mansi Malik, Sandeep Garg, Rahul Shrivastava, Mongjam Meghachandra Singh
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Original Article

Factors influencing acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine in Malaysia: a web-based survey: June Fei Wen Lau, Yuan Liang Woon, Chin Tho Leong, Hoon Shien Teh; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2021;12(6):361-373. Published online November 25, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0085

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has set a precedent for the fastest-produced vaccine as a result of global collaboration and outreach. This study explored Malaysians’ acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine and its associated factors.
Methods
A cross-sectional anonymous web-based survey was disseminated to Malaysian adults aged ≥18 years old via social media platforms between July 10, 2020 and August 31, 2020.
Results
In the analysis of 4,164 complete responses, 93.2% of participants indicated that they would accept the COVID-19 vaccine if it was offered for free by the Malaysian government. The median out-of-pocket cost that participants were willing to pay for a COVID-19 vaccine was Malaysian ringgit (MYR) 100 (interquartile range [IQR], 100) if it was readily available and MYR 150 (IQR, 200) if the supply was limited. Respondents with a low likelihood of vaccine hesitancy had 13 times higher odds of accepting the COVID-19 vaccine (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.69 to 19.13). High perceived risk and severity were also associated with willingness to be vaccinated, with adjusted odds ratios of 2.22 (95% CI, 1.44 to 3.41) and 2.76 (95% CI, 1.87 to 4.09), respectively. Age and ethnicity were the only independent demographic characteristics that predicted vaccine uptake.
Conclusion
Public health strategies targeting perceived risk, perceived susceptibility and vaccine hesitancy could be effective in enhancing vaccine uptake.

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Yu Huang, Qingqing Wu, Shuiyang Xu, Xiang Zhao, Lei Wang, Qiaohong Lv, Suxian Wu, Xuehai Zhang
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine.2023; 16(4): 176. CrossRef
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Roy Rillera Marzo, Ritankar Chakraborty, Shean Yih Soh, Hui Zhu Thew, Collins Chong, Ching Sin Siau, Khairuddin Bin Abdul Wahab, Indang Ariati Binti Ariffin, Shekhar Chauhan, Ken Brackstone, Bijaya Kumar Padhi, Petra Heidler
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Key predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Malaysia: An integrated framework
Jason Wei Jian Ng, Santha Vaithilingam, Mahendhiran Nair, Li-Ann Hwang, Kamarul Imran Musa, Anat Gesser-Edelsburg
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PLOS ONE.2022; 17(6): e0269273. CrossRef
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Petros Galanis, Irene Vraka, Olga Siskou, Olympia Konstantakopoulou, Aglaia Katsiroumpa, Ioannis Moisoglou, Daphne Kaitelidou
Vacunas (English Edition).2022; 23: S60. CrossRef

Review Articles

Review of the early reports of the epidemiological characteristics of the B.1.1.7 variant of SARS-CoV-2 and its spread worldwide: Yeonju Kim, Eun-Jin Kim, Sang-Won Lee, Donghyok Kwon; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2021;12(3):139-148. Published online June 24, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0037

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Abstract PDF

The variant B.1.1.7 of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the RNA virus causing the pandemic more than a year worldwide, was reported from United Kingdom (UK) in late December 2020. It was reported that mortality increases by 65% and transmissibility increases by 70%, which may result in an increase of reproduction number to 1.13−1.55 from 0.75−0.85. To analyze the global increasing trend of the variant B.1.1.7, we extracted results of B.1.1.7 from GISAID on May 11 and May 12, 2021, and conducted a doseresponse regression. It took 47 days to reach 20% and 121 days to reach 50% among the sequence submitted from UK. In Korea, cases of B.1.1.7 have increased since the first report of three cases on December 28, 2020. Positive rate of B.1.1.7 in Korea was 21.6% in the week from May 9 to May 15, 2021. Detection rate of the variants is expected to increase further and new variants of SARS-CoV-2 are emerging, so a close monitoring and control would be maintained for months.

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Yersinia pestis antibiotic resistance: a systematic review: Chen Lei, Suresh Kumar; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2022;13(1):24-36. Published online February 18, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0288

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Abstract PDF

Yersinia pestis, the cause of plague and a potential biological weapon, has always been a threatening pathogen. Some strains of Y. pestis have varying degrees of antibiotic resistance. Thus, this systematic review was conducted to alert clinicians to this pathogen’s potential antimicrobial resistance. A review of the literature was conducted for experimental reports and systematic reviews on the topics of plague, Y. pestis, and antibiotic resistance. From 1995 to 2021, 7 Y. pestis isolates with 4 antibiotic resistance mechanisms were reported. In Y. pestis 17/95, 16/95, and 2180H, resistance was mediated by transferable plasmids. Each plasmid contained resistance genes encoded within specific transposons. Strain 17/95 presented multiple drug resistance, since plasmid 1202 contained 10 resistance determinants. Strains 16/95 and 2180H showed single antibiotic resistance because both additional plasmids in these strains carried only 1 antimicrobial determinant. Strains 12/87, S19960127, 56/13, and 59/13 exhibited streptomycin resistance due to an rpsl gene mutation, a novel mechanism that was discovered recently. Y. pestis can acquire antibiotic resistance in nature not only via conjugative transfer of antimicrobial-resistant plasmids from other bacteria, but also by gene point mutations. Global surveillance should be strengthened to identify antibiotic-resistant Y. pestis strains by whole-genome sequencing and drug susceptibility testing.

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Original Articles

The 100 top-cited articles on scrub typhus: a bibliometric analysis: Taha Hussein Musa, Wei Li, Joseph Kawuki, Pingmin Wei; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2021;12(2):126-135. Published online April 29, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.12.2.10

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
The aims of this study were to analyze the characteristics of the 100 top-cited articles on scrub typhus (ST), and to assess the present research landscape and future research directions using bibliometric analysis.
Methods
Web of Science was used to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the 100 top-cited articles on ST. The articles were analyzed by publication year, number of citations, document type, journals, keywords, institutions, country of origin, and authorship.
Results
The top 100 articles on ST were published between 1945 to 2017. The number of citations ranges from 39 to 227 and the interquartile range was 35.5. The United States published the highest number (n=21) of articles. Mahidol University was the most prolific institution in terms of articles (n=14). The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene was the journal with the most articles (n=14), and Paris DH was the most productive author in terms of the Hirsh-index, which was 10 for that author. The study revealed a significant correlation between the total number of citations and the number of authors (r=0.668, p<0.001), number of institutions (r=0.692, p<0.001), number of years since publication (r=0.869, p<0.001), and number of countries involved (r=0.963, p<0.001).
Conclusion
The findings of this study provide landmarks in the publication and citation frequency of the most influential articles on ST. In addition, this study provides useful information for readers and health policy-makers in evaluating the literature on ST.

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Trends in recent waterborne and foodborne disease outbreaks in South Korea, 2015–2019: Sang Hyuk Lee, Jae-Won Yun, Ji Hee Lee, Yeon Haw Jung, Dong Han Lee; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2021;12(2):73-79. Published online April 29, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.12.2.04

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
This study analyzed trends in foodborne and waterborne diseases in South Korea between 2015 and 2019.
Methods
The data consisted of information on outbreaks of waterborne and foodborne infectious diseases reported through the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) system. We analyzed the trends and epidemiological aspects of outbreaks by month, place of occurrence, and causative pathogens in this observational study.
Results
The number of outbreaks has steadily increased over the last 5 years, but the number of cases per outbreak has followed a decreasing trend. Incidence at daycare centers and preschools has been steadily increasing over consecutive years.
Conclusion
The steady number of patients and decreasing number of cases per outbreak, even as the number of outbreaks has been increasing, suggest that the KCDC’s professional management system is operating effectively. It is necessary to continue improving the objectivity and efficiency of the management system and to carefully examine the increasing number of outbreaks in smaller-scale group catering facilities, such as daycare centers and preschools. Outbreaks can be prevented by closely examining those caused by unidentified pathogens and group outbreaks caused by other diseases, identifying problems, and supplementing the management system.

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Epidemiology and Health.2022; 44: e2022011. CrossRef
Molecular Identification of Bacillus Isolated from Korean Water Deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus) and Striped Field Mouse (Apodemus agrarius) Feces by Using an SNP-Based 16S Ribosomal Marker
Md-Mafizur Rahman, Sang-Jin Lim, Yung-Chul Park
Animals.2022; 12(8): 979. CrossRef
Trends in Acute Gastroenteritis through the Pathogen Surveillance System in Incheon Metropolitan City, 2018-2021
Jung Hee Kim, Sung Min Song, Ju Hee Kim, Soo Min Lim, Su Jin Park, Hwa Jung Nam, Young Woo Gong, Mun Ju Kwon
Journal of Bacteriology and Virology.2022; 52(2): 54. CrossRef

Global variation of COVID-19 mortality rates in the initial phase: Saman Hasan Siddiqui, Azza Sarfraz, Arjumand Rizvi, Fariha Shaheen, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Syed Asad Ali; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2021;12(2):64-72. Published online April 29, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.12.2.03

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused devastation in over 200 countries. Italy, Spain, and the United States (US) were most severely affected by the first wave of the pandemic. The reasons why some countries were more strongly affected than others remain unknown. We identified the most-affected and less-affected countries and states and explored environmental, host, and infrastructure risk factors that may explain differences in the SARS-CoV-2 mortality burden.
Methods
We identified the top 10 countries/US states with the highest deaths per population until May 2020. For each of these 10 case countries/states, we identified 6 control countries/states with a similar population size and at least 3 times fewer deaths per population. We extracted data for 30 risk factors from publicly available, trusted sources. We compared case and control countries/states using the non-parametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and conducted a secondary cluster analysis to explore the relationship between the number of cases per population and the number of deaths per population using a scalable EM (expectation–maximization) clustering algorithm.
Results
Statistically significant differences were found in 16 of 30 investigated risk factors, the most important of which were temperature, neonatal and under-5 mortality rates, the percentage of under-5 deaths due to acute respiratory infections (ARIs) and diarrhea, and tuberculosis incidence (p<0.05)
Conclusion
Countries with a higher burden of baseline pediatric mortality rates, higher pediatric mortality from preventable diseases like diarrhea and ARI, and higher tuberculosis incidence had lower rates of coronavirus disease 2019-associated mortality, supporting the hygiene hypothesis.

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Demographic Characteristics and Status of Vaccinated Individuals with a History of COVID-19 Infection Pre- or Post-Vaccination: A Descriptive Study of a Nationally Representative Sample in Saudi Arabia
Yazed AlRuthia, Haya F. Al-Salloum, Omar A. Almohammed, Amani S. Alqahtani, Hana A. Al-Abdulkarim, Yousef M. Alsofayan, Sami S. Almudarra, Sara H. AlQahtani, Abdullah Almutlaq, Khaled Alabdulkareem, Bander Balkhi, Hamoud T. Almutairi, Abdullah S. Alanazi,
Vaccines.2022; 10(2): 323. CrossRef
Temporal variation, socioeconomic status, and out‐of‐hospital deaths as factors that influence mortality rates among hospitalized COVID‐19 patients receiving ACEIs/ARBs
Owais M. Aftab, Anurag Modak, Jai C. Patel
The Journal of Clinical Hypertension.2022; 24(4): 519. CrossRef
Coinfection of leptospirosis and coronavirus disease 2019: A retrospective case series from a coastal region in South India
Nitin Gupta, William Wilson, Prithvishree Ravindra, Roshini Raghu, Kavitha Saravu
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Dietary, comorbidity, and geo-economic data fusion for explainable COVID-19 mortality prediction
Milena Trajanoska, Risto Trajanov, Tome Eftimov
Expert Systems with Applications.2022; 209: 118377. CrossRef
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Zohreh-Al-Sadat Ghoreshi, Mojtaba Abbasi-jorjandi, Gholamreza Asadikaram, Mohsen Sharif-zak, Fatemeh Seyedi, Mohammad Khaksari Haddad, Mohammadreza Zangouey
Experimental Biology and Medicine.2022; : 153537022211285. CrossRef
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Risk Factors and a Novel Score (CARI-65) Predicting Mortality in COVID-19 Patients
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Indian Journal of Respiratory Care.2022; 11(2): 154. CrossRef
Variances in BCG protection against COVID-19 mortality: A global assessment
Zouina Sarfraz, Azza Sarfraz, Krunal Pandav, Sarabjot Singh Makkar, Saman Hasan Siddiqui, Gaurav Patel, Tania Platero-Portillo, Bishnu Mohan Singh, Mohamed Iburahim Haja Maideen, Deepika Sarvepalli, Muzna Sarfraz, Jose Cardona-Guzman, Marcos A. Sanchez-Go
Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobac.2021; 24: 100249. CrossRef

Brief Report

Isolation and identification of monkeypox virus MPXV-ROK-P1-2022 from the first case in the Republic of Korea: Jin-Won Kim, Minji Lee, Hwachul Shin, Chi-Hwan Choi, Myung-Min Choi, Jee Woong Kim, Hwajung Yi, Cheon-Kwon Yoo, Gi-Eun Rhie; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2022;13(4):308-311. Published online August 31, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0232

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Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF

Objectives
Monkeypox outbreaks in nonendemic countries have been reported since early May 2022. The first case of monkeypox in the Republic of Korea was confirmed in a patient who traveled to Europe in June 2022, and an attempt was made to isolate and identify the monkeypox virus (MPXV) from the patient’s specimens.
Methods
Clinical specimens from the patient were inoculated in Vero E6 cells. The isolated virus was identified as MPXV by the observation of cytopathic effects on Vero E6 cells, transmission electron microscopy, conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and sequencing of PCR products.
Results
Cytopathic effects were observed in Vero E6 cells that were inoculated with skin lesion swab eluates. After multiple passages from the primary culture, orthopoxvirus morphology was observed using transmission electron microscopy. In addition, both MPXV-specific (F3L and ATI) and orthopoxvirus-specific genes (A39R, B2R, and HA) were confirmed by conventional PCR and Sanger sequencing.
Conclusion
These results indicate the successful isolation and identification of MPXV from the first patient in the Republic of Korea. The isolated virus was named MPXV-ROK-P1-2022.

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Epidemiological, Clinical, and Virological Investigation of the First Four Cases of Monkeypox in Cartagena during the 2022 Outbreak
Steev Loyola, Mashiel Fernández-Ruiz, Doris Gómez-Camargo
Pathogens.2023; 12(2): 159. CrossRef
원숭이두창바이러스의 분리 배양과 전장유전체 정보 분석
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Public Health Weekly Report.2023; 16(15): 464. CrossRef
Overview of Diagnostic Methods, Disease Prevalence and Transmission of Mpox (Formerly Monkeypox) in Humans and Animal Reservoirs
Ravendra P. Chauhan, Ronen Fogel, Janice Limson
Microorganisms.2023; 11(5): 1186. CrossRef
How to cope with suspected mpox patients in the outpatient clinic
Nam Joong Kim, Sun Huh
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2023; 66(5): 325. CrossRef
An Updated Review on Monkeypox Viral Disease: Emphasis on Genomic Diversity
Ali A. Rabaan, Nada A. Alasiri, Mohammed Aljeldah, Abeer N. Alshukairiis, Zainab AlMusa, Wadha A. Alfouzan, Abdulmonem A. Abuzaid, Aref A. Alamri, Hani M. Al-Afghani, Nadira Al-baghli, Nawal Alqahtani, Nadia Al-baghli, Mashahed Y. Almoutawa, Maha Mahmoud
Biomedicines.2023; 11(7): 1832. CrossRef
Monkeypox (Mpox) virus isolation and ultrastructural characterisation from a Brazilian human sample case
Milene Dias Miranda, Gabriela Cardoso Caldas, Vivian Neuza Ferreira, Ortrud Monika Barth, Aline de Paula Dias da Silva, Mayara Secco Torres Silva, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Valdiléa Gonçalves Veloso, Thiago Moreno Souza, Edson Elias da Silva, Debora Ferreira Ba
Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Isolation and Characterization of Monkeypox Virus from the First Case of Monkeypox — Chongqing Municipality, China, 2022
Baoying Huang, Hua Zhao, Jingdong Song, Li Zhao, Yao Deng, Wen Wang, Roujian Lu, Wenling Wang, Jiao Ren, Fei Ye, Houwen Tian, Guizhen Wu, Hua Ling, Wenjie Tan
China CDC Weekly.2022; 4(46): 1019. CrossRef

Original Article

Delays in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis during the COVID-19 outbreak in the Republic of Korea in 2020: Jiyeon Yang, Yunhyung Kwon, Jaetae Kim, Yoojin Jang, Jiyeon Han, Daae Kim, Hyeran Jeong, Hyekyung Park, Eunhye Shim; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2021;12(5):293-303. Published online September 23, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0063

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Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF

Objectives
We investigated the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on tuberculosis (TB) management in the Republic of Korea (ROK).
Methods
This retrospective cross-sectional study used nationwide ROK TB notification data (98,346 cases) from 2017 to 2020. The median time from the onset of TB symptoms to treatment initiation and the compliance rates with the required timing for notification and individual case investigations were measured and compared across periods and regions affected by the COVID-19 epidemic.
Results
TB diagnosis during the COVID-19 pandemic was delayed. The median time to TB treatment initiation (25 days) in 2020 increased by 3 days compared to that of the previous 3 years (22 days) (p<0.0001). In the outbreak in Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi province during August, the time to TB diagnosis was 4 days longer than in the previous 3 years (p=0.0303). In the outbreak in Daegu and Gyeongbuk province from February to March 2020, the compliance rate with the required timing for individual case investigations was 2.2%p points lower than in other areas in 2020 (p=0.0148). For public health centers, the rate was 13%p lower than in other areas (80.3% vs. 93.3%, p=0.0003).
Conclusion
TB diagnoses during the COVID-19 pandemic in the ROK were delayed nationwide, especially for patients notified by public-private mix TB control hospitals. TB individual case investigations were delayed in regional COVID-19 outbreak areas (Daegu and Gyeongbuk province), especially in public health centers. Developing strategies to address this issue will be helpful for sustainable TB management during future outbreaks.

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Tuberculosis: Republic of Korea, 2021
Jinsoo Min, Hyung Woo Kim, Ju Sang Kim
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases.2023; 86(1): 67. CrossRef
Prevalence and associated factors of diabetes mellitus among patients with tuberculosis in South Korea from 2011 to 2018: a nationwide cohort study
Dawoon Jeong, Jeongha Mok, Doosoo Jeon, Hee-Yeon Kang, Hee Jin Kim, Hee-Sun Kim, Jeong Mi Seo, Hongjo Choi, Young Ae Kang
BMJ Open.2023; 13(3): e069642. CrossRef
Increased Healthcare Delays in Tuberculosis Patients During the First Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic in Korea: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study
Jinsoo Min, Yousang Ko, Hyung Woo Kim, Hyeon-Kyoung Koo, Jee Youn Oh, Yun-Jeong Jeong, Hyeon Hui Kang, Kwang Joo Park, Yong Il Hwang, Jin Woo Kim, Joong Hyun Ahn, Yangjin Jegal, Ji Young Kang, Sung-Soon Lee, Jae Seuk Park, Ju Sang Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Time trend prediction and spatial–temporal analysis of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Guizhou Province, China, during 2014–2020
Wang Yun, Chen Huijuan, Liao Long, Lu Xiaolong, Zhang Aihua
BMC Infectious Diseases.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Real-world association of adherence with outcomes and economic burden in patients with tuberculosis from South Korea claims data
Sun-Hong Kwon, Jin Hyun Nam, Hye-Lin Kim, Hae-Young Park, Jin-Won Kwon
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Tuberculosis Case Notification and Treatment Outcomes in Eswatini
Hloniphile Victory Masina, I-Feng Lin, Li-Yin Chien
International Journal of Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Trends in incidences of newly notified tuberculosis in Jeju Province, Korea, 2017-2021
Jinhee Kim, Nam-Hun Kang, Jong-Myon Bae
Journal of Medicine and Life Science.2022; 19(3): 103. CrossRef

Review Article

COVID-19 prediction models: a systematic literature review: Sheikh Muzaffar Shakeel, Nithya Sathya Kumar, Pranita Pandurang Madalli, Rashmi Srinivasaiah, Devappa Renuka Swamy; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2021;12(4):215-229. Published online August 13, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0100

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Abstract PDF

As the world grapples with the problem of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its devastating effects, scientific groups are working towards solutions to mitigate the effects of the virus. This paper aimed to collate information on COVID-19 prediction models. A systematic literature review is reported, based on a manual search of 1,196 papers published from January to December 2020. Various databases such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched. The search strategy was formulated and refined in terms of subject keywords, geographical purview, and time period according to a predefined protocol. Visualizations were created to present the data trends according to different parameters. The results of this systematic literature review show that the study findings are critically relevant for both healthcare managers and prediction model developers. Healthcare managers can choose the best prediction model output for their organization or process management. Meanwhile, prediction model developers and managers can identify the lacunae in their models and improve their data-driven approaches.

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Is It Possible to Predict COVID-19? Stochastic System Dynamic Model of Infection Spread in Kazakhstan
Berik Koichubekov, Aliya Takuadina, Ilya Korshukov, Anar Turmukhambetova, Marina Sorokina
Healthcare.2023; 11(5): 752. CrossRef
Early triage echocardiography to predict outcomes in patients admitted with COVID‐19: a multicenter study
Daniel Peck, Andrea Beaton, Maria Carmo Nunes, Nicholas Ollberding, Allison Hays, Pranoti Hiremath, Federico Asch, Nitin Malik, Christopher Fung, Craig Sable, Bruno Nascimento
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Christian G. Manasseh, Razvan Veliche, Jared Bennett, Hamilton Scott Clouse
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Muhammad Usman Tariq, Shuhaida Binti Ismail, Muhammad Babar, Ashir Ahmad, Lin Wang
PLOS ONE.2023; 18(7): e0287755. CrossRef
The Telemedicine Demand Index and its Utility in Managing COVID-19 Case Surges
Martin Yong Kwong Lee, Kie Beng Goh, Deanna Xiuting Koh, Si Jack Chong, Raymond Swee Boon Chua
Telemedicine and e-Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Predictive Models for Forecasting Public Health Scenarios: Practical Experiences Applied during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Jose M. Martin-Moreno, Antoni Alegre-Martinez, Victor Martin-Gorgojo, Jose Luis Alfonso-Sanchez, Ferran Torres, Vicente Pallares-Carratala
International Journal of Environmental Research an.2022; 19(9): 5546. CrossRef
Artificial intelligence and clinical deterioration
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Original Article

Use of Menstrual Sanitary Products in Women of Reproductive Age: Korea Nurses’ Health Study: Hansol Choi, Nam-Kyoo Lim, Heeja Jung, Oksoo Kim, Hyun-Young Park; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2021;12(1):20-28. Published online February 1, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.12.1.04

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216 Download
7 Citations

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives

The use of menstrual hygiene products and its effect on women’s health remains under studied. Patterns of menstrual hygiene product use and the rationale behind choices among Korean women aged 18–45 years were examined.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was a part of the Korea Nurses’ Health Study. A total of 20,613 nurses participated, and 8,658 nurses participated in Module 7 which included a menstrual hygiene products-related survey. The data were collected through the mobile survey using a self-reported questionnaire. Participants’ use of menstrual hygiene products and related characteristics were analyzed using frequency (percentage) or mean (SD).

Results

The most common types of menstrual hygiene products across all age groups were disposable menstrual pads (89.0%), followed by cloth menstrual pads (4.5%), tampons (4.2%), and only 1.6% used a menstrual cup. Disposable menstrual pads were the most common across all age groups, but in those aged under 30 years this was followed by tampon use (6%). The most important criteria when choosing a menstrual hygiene product was comfort for disposable menstrual pads (31.3%) and tampons (41.5%), natural ingredients or organic products for cloth menstrual pads (51.4%), and custom fit for the menstrual cup (50.7%). However, for all menstrual hygiene products (except cloth menstrual pads), there was a higher proportion of anxiety than perception of safety, and low awareness of toxic shock syndrome.

Conclusion

It is important for women to use menstrual hygiene products with confidence. More research is needed to better understand potential health effects of menstrual hygiene products.

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Reusable period products: use and perceptions among young people in Victoria, Australia
Caitlin Ramsay, Julie Hennegan, Caitlin H. Douglass, Sarah Eddy, Alexandra Head, Megan S. C. Lim
BMC Women's Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Exploratory systematic review and meta-analysis on period poverty
Gayathri Delanerolle, Xiao-Jie Yang, Heitor Cavalini, Om P Kurmi, Camilla Mørk Røstvik, Ashish Shetty, Lucky Saraswat, Julie Taylor, Sana Sajid, Shanaya Rathod, Jian-Qing Shi, Peter Phiri
World Journal of Meta-Analysis.2023; 11(5): 196. CrossRef
Key findings on women’s reproductive health: the Korea Nurses’ Health Study
Chiyoung Cha, Heeja Jung
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2023; 29(2): 81. CrossRef
Nonconventional Menstrual Hygiene Products and its Usage among Reproductive age Group Women in India – A Cross-Sectional Study
Dharmaraj Rock Britto, Neethu George, Abdul Malik Shagirunisha Rizvana, Josephin Shalini Ratchagar, Tamilarasan Muniyapillai, Karthikeyan Kulothungan
Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Scienc.2023; 18(3): 357. CrossRef
Use and perceptions on reusable and non-reusable menstrual products in Spain: A mixed-methods study
Laura Medina-Perucha, Tomàs López-Jiménez, Anna Sofie Holst, Constanza Jacques-Aviñó, Jordina Munrós-Feliu, Cristina Martínez-Bueno, Carme Valls-Llobet, Diana Pinzón Sanabria, Mª Mercedes Vicente-Hernández, Anna Berenguera, Muhammad Shahzad Aslam
PLOS ONE.2022; 17(3): e0265646. CrossRef
Women’s attitudes toward certification logos, labels, and advertisements for organic disposable sanitary pads: results from a multi-city cross-sectional survey
Hayeon Kim, Jinyoung Jung, Yun-Kyoung Song, Taegwon Chang, Sungmin Park, Jiwon Park, Kyungim Kim
BMC Women's Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Sanitation and hygiene practices of secondary school students from Mtwara town in Tanzania
Obadia Kyetuza Bishoge, Ademola Kabir Aremu, Dickson Dare Ajayi, Sayoki Godfrey Mfinanga
International Journal of Health Promotion and Educ.2022; : 1. CrossRef

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