Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives

Most-read articles are from the articles published in 2023 during the last three month.

Review Articles

Psychiatric adverse events associated with the COVID-19 vaccines approved in the Republic of Korea: a systematic review: Seungeun Ryoo, Miyoung Choi, Nam-Kyong Choi, Hyoung-Shik Shin, Jun Hee Woo, Byung-Joo Park, Sanghoon Oh; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2024;15(2):107-114. Published online March 28, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0325

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This systematic review evaluated psychiatric adverse events (AEs) following vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We included studies that reported or investigated psychiatric AEs in individuals who had received an approved COVID-19 vaccine in the Republic of Korea. Systematic electronic searches of Ovid-Medline, Embase, CENTRAL, and KoreaMed databases were conducted on March 22, 2023. Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Non-randomized Studies 2.0. The study protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42023449422). Of the 301 articles initially selected, 7 were included in the final analysis. All studies reported on sleep disturbances, and 2 highlighted anxiety-related AEs. Sleep disorders like insomnia and narcolepsy were the most prevalent AEs, while depression was not reported. Our review suggests that these AEs may have been influenced by biological mechanisms as well as the broader psychosocial context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although this study had limitations, such as a primary focus on the BNT162b2 vaccine and an observational study design, it offered a systematic, multi-vaccine analysis that fills a critical gap in the existing literature. This review underscores the need for continued surveillance of psychiatric AEs and guides future research to investigate underlying mechanisms, identify risk factors, and inform clinical management.

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A review of the scientific literature on experimental toxicity studies of COVID-19 vaccines, with special attention to publications in toxicology journals
Jose L. Domingo
Archives of Toxicology.2024; 98(11): 3603. CrossRef

Global prevalence of enterobiasis in young children over the past 20 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis: Elham Kia Lashaki, Azadeh Mizani, Seyed Abdollah Hosseini, Bentolhoda Habibi, Khadijeh Taherkhani, Amir Javadi, AliReza Taremiha, Samira Dodangeh; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2023;14(6):441-450. Published online December 28, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0204

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Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF

Parasitic infections are the most common diseases worldwide, and enterobiasis is a common parasitic infection in children. Various studies have reported on the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis in different regions of the world. However, no study has gathered and analyzed this data systematically. Our systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the overall prevalence of E. vermicularis among children globally. Data were extracted from 4 available databases for studies published from January 2002 to April 2022. The quality of the included studies was scored based on the standard Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology. A random-effect model was chosen to calculate the pooled prevalence and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) according to the degree of heterogeneity in the included studies. Thus, 40 publications (42 data sets) that included 3,279 children with enterobiasis met all criteria and were included in the analysis. The meta-analysis showed that heterogeneity among the included studies was high (Q=4,399.35, I2=99.96%; df=41; p<0.001). The pooled global prevalence of enterobiasis among the studied children was 12.9% (95% CI, 8.2%–17.7%). Our systematic review and meta-analysis estimated that, for the past 20 years, 12.9% of children around the world have been infected with E. vermicularis.

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Development of a Machine Learning Model for the Classification of Enterobius vermicularis Egg
Natthanai Chaibutr, Pongphan Pongpanitanont, Sakhone Laymanivong, Tongjit Thanchomnang, Penchom Janwan
Journal of Imaging.2024; 10(9): 212. CrossRef
Global burden of soil-transmitted helminth infections, 1990–2021
Jin Chen, Yanfeng Gong, Qin Chen, Shizhu Li, Yibiao Zhou
Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Strategies to combat Gram-negative bacterial resistance to conventional antibacterial drugs: a review: Priyanka Bhowmik, Barkha Modi, Parijat Roy, Antarika Chowdhury; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2023;14(5):333-346. Published online October 18, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0323

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The emergence of antimicrobial resistance raises the fear of untreatable diseases. Antimicrobial resistance is a multifaceted and dynamic phenomenon that is the cumulative result of different factors. While Gram-positive pathogens, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile, were previously the most concerning issues in the field of public health, Gram-negative pathogens are now of prime importance. The World Health Organization’s priority list of pathogens mostly includes multidrug-resistant Gram-negative organisms particularly carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. The spread of Gram-negative bacterial resistance is a global issue, involving a variety of mechanisms. Several strategies have been proposed to control resistant Gram-negative bacteria, such as the development of antimicrobial auxiliary agents and research into chemical compounds with new modes of action. Another emerging trend is the development of naturally derived antibacterial compounds that aim for targets novel areas, including engineered bacteriophages, probiotics, metal-based antibacterial agents, odilorhabdins, quorum sensing inhibitors, and microbiome-modifying agents. This review focuses on the current status of alternative treatment regimens against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, aiming to provide a snapshot of the situation and some information on the broader context.

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Bioactive Potential and Chemical Composition of Vitex agnus-castus L. Leaf Extracts Collected in Algeria: A Combined In Vitro and In Silico Approach
Amina Bramki, Ghozlane Barboucha, Ouided Benslama, Anna Andolfi, Fatima Zohra Makhlouf, Maria Smati, Djamila Benouchenne, Mohamed Moussaoui, Chawki Bensouici, Alessio Cimmino, Jesús G. Zorrilla, Maria Michela Salvatore, Marco Masi
Molecules.2025; 30(3): 749. CrossRef
Efficacy of new generation biosorbents for the sustainable treatment of antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistance genes from polluted waste effluent
Barkha Madhogaria, Sangeeta Banerjee, Atreyee Kundu, Prasanta Dhak
Infectious Medicine.2024; 3(1): 100092. CrossRef
Evaluation of Plant-Based Silver Nanoparticles for Antioxidant Activity and Promising Wound-Healing Applications
Maria Qubtia, Shazia Akram Ghumman, Sobia Noreen, Huma Hameed, Shazia Noureen, Rizwana Kausar, Ali Irfan, Pervaiz Akhtar Shah, Hafsa Afzal, Misbah Hameed, Mohammad Raish, Maria Rana, Ajaz Ahmad, Katarzyna Kotwica-Mojzych, Yousef A. Bin Jardan
ACS Omega.2024; 9(10): 12146. CrossRef
Progress and potentialities in wood extractives-based materials for active food packaging applications
Eliana I. Fernández Sosa, Nanci Ehman, Fernando E. Felissia, M. Guadalupe Chaves, M. Cristina Area
Food Bioscience.2024; 60: 104489. CrossRef
Isolation, derivatization, and anti-microbial evaluation of secondary metabolites from Garcinia dryobalanoides
Nur Fazlin Zafirah Zaine, Nor Hisam Zamakshshari, Ainaa Nadiah Abd Halim, Vivien Jong Yi Mian, Ngieng Ngui Sing
Natural Product Research.2024; : 1. CrossRef
A comprehensive investigation of the anion inhibition profile of a β-carbonic anhydrase from Acinetobacter baumannii for crafting innovative antimicrobial treatments
Viviana De Luca, Simone Giovannuzzi, Claudiu T. Supuran, Clemente Capasso
Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemist.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Pandemics: past, present, and future: multitasking challenges in need of cross-disciplinary, transdisciplinary, and multidisciplinary collaborative solutions: Amir Khorram-Manesh, Frederick Martin Burkle Jr, Krzysztof Goniewicz; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2024;15(4):267-285. Published online July 23, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0372

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Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF

The extensive history of pandemics has spanned many centuries, profoundly impacting societies, economies, and public health, and thereby shaping the course of history in various ways. Advances in medicine, science, and public health practices have played a pivotal role in mitigating the effects of pandemics over time. This review explores the scientific landscape of contemporary pandemics, examining their diverse and complex nature. It goes beyond the biological aspects of pandemics to consider socioeconomic, environmental, and technological factors. Through a scientific lens, this study aims to understand the complexities of pandemics and contribute to the expanding knowledge base that helps humanity strengthen its defenses against global health threats. By elucidating the enigmas of pandemics, the study hopes to foster a more resilient and prepared global health environment. Highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary, cross-disciplinary, and transdisciplinary approach, this exploration emphasizes the critical need to integrate biological, socioeconomic, environmental, and technological domains to develop more robust defenses against these global health challenges.

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Transforming global public health: Climate collaboration, political challenges, and systemic change
Krzysztof Goniewicz, Frederick M. Burkle, Amir Khorram-Manesh
Journal of Infection and Public Health.2025; 18(1): 102615. CrossRef
The role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in predicting and combating antimicrobial resistance
Hazrat Bilal, Muhammad Nadeem Khan, Sabir Khan, Muhammad Shafiq, Wenjie Fang, Rahat Ullah Khan, Mujeeb Ur Rahman, Xiaohui Li, Qiao-Li Lv, Bin Xu
Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal.2025; 27: 423. CrossRef
Innovative Diagnostic Approaches and Challenges in the Management of HIV: Bridging Basic Science and Clinical Practice
Mohd Afzal, Shagun Agarwal, Rabab H. Elshaikh, Asaad M. A. Babker, Einas Awad Ibrahim Osman, Ranjay Kumar Choudhary, Suresh Jaiswal, Farhana Zahir, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, Anass M. Abbas, Manar G. Shalabi, Ashok Kumar Sah
Life.2025; 15(2): 209. CrossRef
BIOSURFACTANT PROPERTIES AND ITS APPLICATION IN CHROMIUM REMOVAL: A REVIEW
Usman Ali Bukar, Abdullahi Hassan Kawo, Sani Yahaya, Sani Yahaya, Abdullahi Balarabe Inuwa, Aminu Yusuf Fardami
FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES.2025; 9(1): 273. CrossRef
Shaping Safety: Unveiling the Dynamics of Incident Reporting and Safety Culture in Saudi Arabian Healthcare
Hind Alsahli, Ahmed Al-Wathinani, Tariq Althobaiti, Mohammed Abahussain, Krzysztof Goniewicz
Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare.2024; Volume 17: 3775. CrossRef
The Impacts of Narcissistic Leadership on Achieving the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals—A Scoping Review
Amir Khorram-Manesh, Krzysztof Goniewicz, Frederick M. Burkle
Challenges.2024; 15(3): 37. CrossRef
Global Health Emergencies of Extreme Drought Events: Historical Impacts and Future Preparedness
Zakaria A. Mani, Amir Khorram-Manesh, Krzysztof Goniewicz
Atmosphere.2024; 15(9): 1137. CrossRef
The Effectiveness and Benefits of Disaster Simulation Training for Undergraduate Medical Students in Saudi Arabia [Letter]
Ahmed Al-Wathinani, Krzysztof Goniewicz
Advances in Medical Education and Practice.2024; Volume 15: 1173. CrossRef
Evaluating the efficacy of full-scale and tabletop exercises in enhancing paramedic preparedness for external disasters: A quasi-experimental study
Ghadeer A. Alakrawi, Ahmed M. Al-Wathinani, Juan Gómez-Salgado, Abdullah M. Alobaid, Mohammed Abahussian, Riyadh Alhazmi, Abdulmajeed Mobrad, Albaraa Jebreel, Saqar Althunayyan, Krzysztof Goniewicz
Medicine.2024; 103(49): e40777. CrossRef

Original Articles

Estimating the prevalence of oral manifestations in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review: Ankita Gupta, Kriti Shrivastav, Amit Agrawal, Abhishek Purohit, Roshan Chanchlani; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2023;14(5):388-417. Published online September 19, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0033

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Objectives
Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) present with a variety of oral manifestations. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to estimate the prevalence of oral lesions among COVID-19 patients. Methods: An extensive literature search of several electronic bibliographic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Litcovid) was conducted to retrieve all articles published in the English language from January 1, 2020 to March 31, 2023 that reported the prevalence of oral manifestations among COVID-19 patients. A meta-analysis of pooled prevalence was performed using Jamovi ver. 2.3 (2022). The I2 and Q statistics were used to assess heterogeneity between studies, and p-values <0.01 were considered statistically significant. Results: In total, 79 studies with data from 13,252 patients were included. The articles were predominantly published in 2020 (n=33), and Italy was the most common country (n=14). Most of the affected patients more than 50 years old and women (56.6%). The most common sites of involvement were the tongue (n=65), followed by the oral mucosa (n=37) and lips (n=19). High heterogeneity was found between studies. The most common oral manifestation was taste alteration, followed by xerostomia and ulceration, showing pooled prevalence rates of 48%, 35%, and 21%, respectively. Conclusion: COVID-19 patients show various oral manifestations that may help clinicians identify the disease promptly. Recognition of the signs and symptoms of COVID-19 is critical for an early diagnosis and better prognosis.

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pathology and cell tropism in tongue tissues of COVID-19 autopsies
Longda Ma, Qian Liu, Manli Wang, Liang Liu, Zhihong Hu, Yiwu Zhou, Jia Liu
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Impact of COVID-19 Disease on the Development of Osteomyelitis of Jaws: A Systematic Review
Emmanouil Vardas, Daniela Adamo, Federica Canfora, Maria Kouri, Konstantina Delli, Michele Davide Mignogna, Nikolaos Nikitakis
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(15): 4290. CrossRef
Painful ulcerations associated with COVID-19 in an adolescent patient: a case report
David O. Danesh, Kyulim Lee, Rebecca G. Wallihan, Janice A. Townsend, Ira Mulo, Ashok Kumar
Frontiers in Dental Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Mental health and its determinants among adolescents living in families with separated or divorced parents in an urban area of Vietnam: Binh Thang Tran, Minh Tu Nguyen, Minh Tam Nguyen, Thanh Gia Nguyen, Vo Nu Hong Duc, Thi Tra My Tran; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2023;14(4):300-311. Published online August 9, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0110

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Objectives
We assessed the prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression among adolescents living in families with separated or divorced parents in Hue City, Vietnam and identified factors associated with these conditions.
Methods
This cross-sectional study enrolled 309 adolescents, aged 12 to 17 years, living in families with separated or divorced parents in Hue City, Vietnam. The depression anxiety stress scale-21 (DASS-21) was used to measure stress, anxiety, and depression. Predictors of overall and individual mental health problems were identified using ordered and binary logistic regression, respectively.
Results
The DASS-21 scale revealed a 49.2% prevalence of stress, while anxiety and depression had s prevalence rates of 61.5%. Among participants, 42.4% experienced all 3 mental health issues. Several factors were identified as significant predictors of mental health problems, including poor to average economic status (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21–3.31; p=0.007); being in high school (aOR, 5.02; 95% CI, 2.93–8.60; p<0.001); maternal occupation of teacher, healthcare professional, or official (aOR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.13–5.03; p=0.022); longer duration of family separation or divorce (aOR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.05–1.45; p=0.009); living with one’s mother (aOR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.03–2.76; p=0.04); alcohol consumption (aOR, 1.70; 95% CI, 0.99–2.92; p=0.050); and being bullied (aOR, 5.33; 95% CI, 1.10–25.69; p=0.037). Most of these factors were associated with stress, anxiety, and depression. Additionally, smoking was associated with stress.
Conclusion
Adolescents with separated or divorced parents were at increased risk of stress, anxiety, and depression. The findings of this study provide important implications for prevention programs.

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Mental health among ethnic minority adolescents in Vietnam and correlated factors: A cross-sectional study
Ngo Anh Vinh, Vu Thi My Hanh, Do Thi Bich Van, Duong Anh Tai, Do Minh Loan, Le Thi Thanh Thuy
Journal of Affective Disorders Reports.2024; 17: 100795. CrossRef
Subgrouping of anxiety symptoms and stress levels in Chinese adolescents: results of a latent profile analysis
Xuefeng Li, Jingyan Chen, Jinpeng Wang, Jinhong Ding, Jing Xiao
Current Psychology.2024; 43(36): 28685. CrossRef
Prevalence and risk factors associated with psychological distress among children in Penang, Malaysia: A stratified multistage cluster study
Xin Yee Foo, Nur Arzuar Abdul Rahim, Lai Kuan Lee
MethodsX.2024; 13: 103069. CrossRef

Individual and contextual factors associated with measles infection in Malaysia: a multilevel analysis: Mohd Rujhan Hadfi Mat Daud, Nor Azwany Yaacob, Wan Nor Arifin, Jamiatul Aida Md Sani, Wan Abdul Hannan Wan Ibadullah; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2024;15(5):429-439. Published online August 21, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0156

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Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF: Objectives
Despite effective vaccination strategies, measles remains a global public health challenge. The study explored individual and contextual factors associated with measles infection in Malaysia from 2018 to 2022, informing the development of targeted public health interventions. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilised data from the Ministry of Health, the Department of Statistics, and the Department of Environment Malaysia. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was employed to examine individual-level factors, including age, sex, ethnicity, nationality, contact history, travel history, and vaccination status. Concurrently, contextual factors were assessed, encompassing district-level determinants such as population density, median household income, urbanisation, the number of health and rural clinics, vaccination rates, fine particulate matter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) levels, relative humidity, and temperature, to determine their impact on measles infection risk. Results: Measles infection was significantly associated with various individual factors. These included age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–1.03), ethnicity, non-Malaysian nationality (aOR, 34.53; 95% CI, 8.42– 141.51), prior contact with a measles case (aOR, 2.36; 95% CI, 2.07–2.69), travel history (aOR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.13–4.70), and vaccination status (aOR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.72–0.79). Among contextual factors, urbanisation (aOR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.16– 2.10) and the number of clinics (aOR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97–0.99) were significant determinants. Conclusion: This multilevel logistic regression analysis illuminates the complexities of measles transmission, advocating public health interventions tailored to individual and contextual vulnerabilities. The findings highlight the need for a synergistic approach that combines vaccination campaigns, healthcare accessibility improvements, and socioeconomic interventions to effectively combat measles.

AI-powered COVID-19 forecasting: a comprehensive comparison of advanced deep learning methods: Muhammad Usman Tariq, Shuhaida Binti Ismail; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2024;15(2):115-136. Published online March 28, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0287

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Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF: Objectives
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to pose significant challenges to the public health sector, including that of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The objective of this study was to assess the efficiency and accuracy of various deep-learning models in forecasting COVID-19 cases within the UAE, thereby aiding the nation’s public health authorities in informed decision-making. Methods: This study utilized a comprehensive dataset encompassing confirmed COVID-19 cases, demographic statistics, and socioeconomic indicators. Several advanced deep learning models, including long short-term memory (LSTM), bidirectional LSTM, convolutional neural network (CNN), CNN-LSTM, multilayer perceptron, and recurrent neural network (RNN) models, were trained and evaluated. Bayesian optimization was also implemented to fine-tune these models. Results: The evaluation framework revealed that each model exhibited different levels of predictive accuracy and precision. Specifically, the RNN model outperformed the other architectures even without optimization. Comprehensive predictive and perspective analytics were conducted to scrutinize the COVID-19 dataset. Conclusion: This study transcends academic boundaries by offering critical insights that enable public health authorities in the UAE to deploy targeted data-driven interventions. The RNN model, which was identified as the most reliable and accurate for this specific context, can significantly influence public health decisions. Moreover, the broader implications of this research validate the capability of deep learning techniques in handling complex datasets, thus offering the transformative potential for predictive accuracy in the public health and healthcare sectors.

Chronic kidney disease in Indonesia: evidence from a national health survey: Puti Sari Hidayangsih, Dwi Hapsari Tjandrarini, Noor Edi Widya Sukoco, Nikson Sitorus, Ika Dharmayanti, Feri Ahmadi; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2023;14(1):23-30. Published online February 14, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0290

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Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF: Objectives
Several previous studies have stated that consuming certain foods and beverages might increase the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to examine the relationships of food and beverage consumption with other risk factors for CKD. Methods: Data sources included the 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) and the National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas), which were analyzed using a cross-sectional design. The study samples were households from 34 provinces in Indonesia, and the analysis was performed with provincial aggregates. Data were analyzed using risk factor analysis followed by linear regression to identify relationships with CKD. Results: The prevalence of CKD in Indonesia was 0.38%. The province with the highest prevalence was North Kalimantan (0.64%), while the lowest was found in West Sulawesi (0.18%). Five major groups were formed from 15 identified risk factors using factor analysis. A linear regression model presented 1 significant selected factor (p=0.006, R2 =31%). The final model of risk factors included water quality, consumption of fatty foods, and a history of diabetes. Conclusion: Drinking water quality, fatty food consumption, and diabetes are associated with CKD. There is a need to monitor drinking water, as well as to promote health education and provide comprehensive services for people with diabetes, to prevent CKD.

Prevalence, multidrug resistance, and biofilm formation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from fish mariculture environments in Cat Ba Island, Vietnam: Kim Cuc Thi Nguyen, Phuc Hung Truong, Hoa Truong Thi, Xuan Tuy Ho, Phu Van Nguyen; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2024;15(1):56-67. Published online February 19, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0181

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Objectives
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a major foodborne pathogen in aquatic animals and a threat to human health worldwide. This study investigated the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), and biofilm formation of V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from fish mariculture environments in Cat Ba Island, Vietnam. Methods: In total, 150 rearing water samples were collected from 10 fish mariculture farms in winter and summer. A polymerase chain reaction assay was used to identify V. parahaemolyticus, its virulence factors, and ARGs. The antimicrobial resistance patterns and biofilm formation ability of V. parahaemolyticus strains were investigated using the disk diffusion test and a microtiter plate-based crystal violet method, respectively. Results: Thirty-seven V. parahaemolyticus isolates were recovered from 150 samples. The frequencies of the tdh and trh genes among V. parahaemolyticus isolates were 8.1% and 21.6%, respectively. More than 90% of isolates were susceptible to ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and chloramphenicol, but over 72% were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, and erythromycin. Furthermore, 67.57% of isolates exhibited multidrug resistance. The presence of ARGs related to gentamicin (aac(3)-IV), tetracycline (tetA) and ciprofloxacin (qnrA) in V. parahaemolyticus isolates was identified. Conversely, no ARGs related to ampicillin or erythromycin resistance were detected. Biofilm formation capacity was detected in significantly more multidrug-resistant isolates (64.9%) than non-multidrug-resistant isolates (18.9%). Conclusion: Mariculture environments are a potential source of antibiotic-resistant V. parahaemolyticus and a hotspot for virulence genes and ARGs diffusing to aquatic environments. Thus, the prevention of antibiotic-resistant foodborne vibriosis in aquatic animals and humans requires continuous monitoring.

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Exploring the antibiofilm efficacy of pyrimidines against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, mechanisms and their potential food processing applications
Olajide Sunday Faleye, Jin-Hyung Lee, Jintae Lee
LWT.2025; 215: 117229. CrossRef
A New Strategy: Antibiotic Circumstances for Rational Drug use Against Clinical Aeromonas hydrophila And Bacterial Properties of This Bacteria on Different Agars
Nurdan Filik, Fethi Filik, Ayşegül Kubilay
Acta Aquatica Turcica.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Passive immunoprophylaxis with Ccombodies against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei)
Wanna Sirimanapong, Prawporn Thaijongrak, Chiranan Sudpraseart, Dennis Berbulla Bela-ong, Abigail Joy D. Rodelas-Angelia, Mark Rickard N. Angelia, Seungbeom Hong, Jaesung Kim, Kim D. Thompson, Tae Sung Jung
Fish & Shellfish Immunology.2024; 154: 109973. CrossRef

Assessment of brucellosis-causing pathogens with an emphasis on the prevalence of Brucella melitensis in the Republic of Korea: insights from a decade of pathogen surveillance (2014–2023), a retrospective study: In-Sook Shin, Su-Gwon Roh, Byoung-Chul Gill, Young-Suk Kim, Kyung-Won Hwang; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2024;15(6):489-496. Published online November 19, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0134

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Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF: Objectives
The main Brucella species causing human infections in the Republic of Korea is Brucella abortus, which uses cattle as its host. However, since 2014, Brucella melitensis, which uses sheep and goats as hosts, has also been identified. This study investigated whether a shift has occurred in the predominant species of Brucella pathogens.
Methods
Brucellosis is a class 3 infectious disease requiring mandatory reporting and registration in the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency’s infectious disease surveillance system (http://is.kdca.go.kr). Cases from 2014 to 2023 were studied, and whole-genome sequencing analysis was conducted using BruMLSA21.
Results
Out of 51 patients, males (45 patients, 88.2%) were predominantly affected. Twenty-five patients (49%) came from the livestock industry, and within the livestock sector group, the route of infection occurred exclusively through contact (25/25, 100%), whereas in other occupations, it was split between contact (9/26 patients, 34.6%) and ingestion (8/26 patients, 30.8%). Among the 31 patients who underwent Brucella culture tests, B. melitensis was found to be more prevalent than B. abortus (14 patients, 45.2% vs. 11 patients, 35.5%). In all cases where B. melitensis was isolated, the infections were of foreign origin, consistent with the results of BruMLSA21.
Conclusion
Regular monitoring of the causative agent of brucellosis is necessary due to its varying host preferences and antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, given the increasing prevalence of B. melitensis worldwide, changes in dietary habits (e.g., increased lamb consumption), and the increase in foreign workers and Chinese immigrants, a multi-ministerial One Health response will be required.

Review Articles

Effectiveness of virtual reality-supported exercise therapy in improving upper extremity function and activities of daily living among patients after stroke: a systematic review of randomized control trials: Priyanshi Dixit, Uma Phalswal, Nipin Kalal, Saumya P. Srivastava; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2024;15(3):189-200. Published online May 24, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0148

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Objectives
This systematic review describes the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR)-supported exercise therapy on upper limb motor function and activities of daily living after stroke. Methods: Studies published through January 24, 2022, were identified using CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, and Web of Science. Randomized control trials comparing VR treatment with conventional therapy (CT) for upper extremity rehabilitation after stroke were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Results: Of 9 included studies, 5 concluded that the VR group outperformed control participants, 1 indicated the superiority of VR-supported exercises alone over CT, and 3 found VR comparable to CT in promoting upper limb motor function. Five studies analyzed independence in daily living, with 4 reporting no significant difference between VR and CT groups. No strong evidence indicated long-term benefits of VR-assisted exercise. All included studies demonstrated low risk of bias concerning random sequence generation, allocation concealment, outcome assessment blinding, incomplete outcome data, and selective reporting bias. However, a high risk of bias was observed regarding participant blinding due to the nature of the intervention. Conclusion: Most studies suggested that VR, used alongside CT, can improve motor function following stroke. However, the evidence was insufficient to conclude that VR outperforms conventional approaches.

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Efficacy of a Virtual Reality Rehabilitation Protocol Based on Art Therapy in Patients with Stroke: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Gaetano Tieri, Marco Iosa, Antonio Fortini, Federica Aghilarre, Federico Gentili, Cristiano Rubeca, Tommaso Mastropietro, Gabriella Antonucci, Roberto De Giorgi
Brain Sciences.2024; 14(9): 863. CrossRef
Elevating patient experience: Transformative strategies in hand therapy
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Comparison and consideration of vaccine injury compensation programs in the Republic of Korea, Japan, and Taiwan: Cho Ryok Kang, Young June Choe, Jihyun Moon, Dooyoung Kim, Taemi Kim, Jong-Koo Lee; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2024;15(6):479-488. Published online November 12, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0129

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Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF: This study aimed to establish a foundation for future collaborations aimed at preparing for and responding to infectious diseases by examining the vaccine injury compensation programs (VICPs) of East Asian countries. We reviewed the current status of VICPs in the Republic of Korea, Japan, and Taiwan by searching national government websites and reviewing relevant literature. Additionally, we conducted email inquiries targeting experts from Japan and Taiwan. Through the comprehensive analysis of VICPs in these 3 countries covered various aspects, we identified several similarities and differences in the VICPs across these countries. While the governments of the Republic of Korea, Japan, and Taiwan play a central role in supporting investigations into vaccine injuries and managing compensation procedures based on legal statutes, they differ in terms of financial resources for compensation, the range of vaccines covered, and the criteria for assessing causality. In the Republic of Korea, Japan, and Taiwan, compensation is typically paid in a lump sum, although the specific benefits available vary by country. This study on VICPs in the Republic of Korea, Japan, and Taiwan provides valuable insights for the further development and management of domestic systems.

Predictors of outcomes 3 to 12 months after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis: Younes Iderdar, Maryem Arraji, Nadia Al Wachami, Morad Guennouni, Karima Boumendil, Yassmine Mourajid, Noureddine Elkhoudri, Elmadani Saad, Mohamed Chahboune; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2024;15(1):3-17. Published online February 5, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0288

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Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF: The exact factors predicting outcomes following traumatic brain injury (TBI) remain elusive. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we examined factors influencing outcomes in adult patients with TBI, from 3 months to 1 year after injury. A search of four electronic databases—PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect—yielded 29 studies for review and 16 for meta-analysis, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. In patients with TBI of any severity, mean differences were observed in age (8.72 years; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.77–12.66 years), lymphocyte count (−0.15 109/L; 95% CI, −0.18 to −0.11), glucose levels (1.20 mmol/L; 95% CI, 0.73–1.68), and haemoglobin levels (−0.91 g/dL; 95% CI, −1.49 to −0.33) between those with favourable and unfavourable outcomes. The prevalence rates of unfavourable outcomes were as follows: abnormal cisterns, 65.7%; intracranial pressure above 20 mmHg, 52.9%; midline shift of 5 mm or more, 63%; hypotension, 71%; hypoxia, 86.8%; blood transfusion, 70.3%; and mechanical ventilation, 90%. Several predictors were strongly associated with outcome. Specifically, age, lymphocyte count, glucose level, haemoglobin level, severity of TBI, pupillary reaction, and type of injury were identified as potential predictors of long-term outcomes.

Original Article

The incidence and clinical characteristics of myocarditis and pericarditis following mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination in Republic of Korea adolescents from July 2021 to September 2022: Ju-Young Sim, Seung-Yun Kim, Eun-Kyoung Kim; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2023;14(2):76-88. Published online April 18, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0032

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4 Web of Science
4 Crossref

Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF

Objectives
Age-specific information regarding myocarditis/pericarditis in adolescents following mRNA-based coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in Asia remains insufficient. This study investigated the incidence and clinical characteristics of myocarditis/pericarditis in Republic of Korea adolescents after mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination.
Methods
This retrospective descriptive study utilized patient data from the Korea Immunization Management System. Incidence rates were calculated according to age and sex. Clinical characteristics (symptoms/signs, laboratory values, and imaging results) were compared between mild and severe cases.
Results
Between July 19, 2021 and September 30, 2022, 3,728,224 individuals aged 12 to 19 years received 6,484,165 mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines, and 173 cases met the case definition for myocarditis/pericarditis: 151 mild (87.3%) and 22 severe (12.7%). The incidence was 3.8-fold higher in males than in females. Troponin I/ troponin T was elevated in 96% of myocarditis cases, demonstrating higher sensitivity than creatine kinase-myocardial band (67.6%) or C-reactive protein (75.2%). ST-segment or Twave on electrography abnormalities were found in 60.3% (85/141). Paroxysmal/sustained atrial/ventricular arrhythmias were more common in severe than in mild cases (45.5% vs. 16.8%, p=0.008). Edema on T2-weighted magnetic imaging occurred in 21.6% (8/37) and 62.5% (5/8) of mild and severe cases, respectively (p=0.03). Abnormal pericardial fluid collection or pericardial inflammation was found in 75.4% of pericarditis cases (49/65).
Conclusion
Myocarditis/pericarditis occurred in rare cases following mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination. Most cases were mild, but the incidence was higher in adolescent males and after the second dose. As bivalent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 mRNA vaccination started in Republic of Korea in October 2022, the post-vaccination incidence of myocarditis/pericarditis should be closely monitored, considering clinical characteristics.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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