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PHRP : Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives

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Most-read articles are from the articles published in 2024 during the last three month.

Review Article

The global prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Alwin Issac, Kurvatteppa Halemani, Asha Shetty, Latha Thimmappa, VR Vijay, Kiranmayi Koni, Prabhaker Mishra, Vishwas Kapoor
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(1):3-27.
Published online February 10, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0286
The global prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Objectives
The objective of this review was to analyze quantitative data on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to increase the accuracy of estimates of the prevalence of ASD.
Methods
This review, which was reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement, included studies conducted from January 2008 to June 2024 on children aged 3 to 18 years that used standardized measurement tools and reported cut-off scores for ASD. The prevalence of ASD was the primary outcome analyzed in this review. The PubMed, Clinical Key, Scopus, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases were reviewed for relevant studies. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO and followed the Cochrane collaboration guidelines.
Results
A total of 66 studies reported on the prevalence of ASD, screening 21,313,061 children worldwide. Among these, 25 studies were conducted in Europe, 22 in Asia, and 13 in America. Additionally, 3 studies each were reported from Africa and Australia. According to a meta-analysis, 0.77% of children globally are diagnosed with ASD, with boys comprising 1.14% of this group. Notably, Australia showed the highest prevalence rate, with an effect size of 2.18, highlighting it as a critical area for public health focus.
Conclusion
ASD represents a significant global health burden. Early detection, increased awareness among parents, and prompt intervention are crucial for mitigating developmental problems in children later in life. It is essential for health policymakers to acknowledge the prevalence and growing trends of ASD in order to implement effective interventions.

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    Sara Pinghini, Lucio Giordano, Francesca Banditelli, Rossana Bucci, Anna Eusebi, Elena Filippini, Michela Gritti, Paola Mattei, Davide Nocita, Elisa Maria Fazzi, Giuseppe Milito
    Sleep Medicine.2025; 136: 106794.     CrossRef
  • The Evidence-Based Instrument for the Nutritional Assessment of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder
    Cristiane Vasconcelos, Kamila Castro, Rudimar dos Santos Riesgo
    Dietetics.2025; 4(3): 37.     CrossRef
  • Otizmin Semptom Öncesi Dönemde Tespiti: Göz İzleme Teknolojileri ve Görsel Dikkat Biyobelirteçleri
    Işık Akın Bülbül
    Turkish Journal of Special Education Research and .2025; 7(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Case Report: A complex case of an adolescent female with comorbid borderline personality disorder and autism spectrum disorder
    Sara Močnik, Hojka Gregorič Kumperščak, Ajda Demšar
    Frontiers in Psychiatry.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Statistical Methods for Multi-Omics Analysis in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: From High Dimensionality to Mechanistic Insight
    Manuel Airoldi, Veronica Remori, Mauro Fasano
    Biomolecules.2025; 15(10): 1401.     CrossRef
  • Resilient narratives of a single mother raising a child with autism spectrum disorder: A neurodiversity perspective
    Nettie N. Ndou-Chikwena, Maximus M. Sefotho, Nausheen Ameen
    African Journal of Disability.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association Between Prenatal Air Pollution Exposure and Autism in Children: EPINED Study
    Sharanpreet Kaur, Paula Morales-Hidalgo, Mònica Guxens, Núria Voltas, Sami Petricola, Josefa Canals-Sans
    Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Network Analysis of ADHD and ASD Symptoms in Chinese Children: Insights on Age and Gender Differences
    Jie Luo, Wen Shao, Yuanzhen Wu, Huanhuan Huang, Gaoyang Xu, Yanjie Qi, Paul Overton, Yi Zheng, Fan He
    International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Re.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Therapeutic timing limitations of postnatal darbepoetin in a valproic acid rat model of Autism Spectrum Disorder
    Ömer Yusuf İpek, Tuğba Kirboğa, Ercan Babur, Nurcan Dursun, Cem Süer, Anna-Leena Sirén
    PLOS One.2025; 20(11): e0337294.     CrossRef
  • Development and Validation of a Home-based Psychosocial Intervention Module for Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
    Indumathi Ravichandran, R.T. Kannapiran, Ajeethkumar Ramadass, J. Reuben, B. Sujeetha, Pagadpally Srinivas
    Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Long-Term Outcomes of Early Autism Spectrum Disorder Screening: Prevalence and Diagnostic Stability in a Decade-Long Cohort from Türkiye
    İbrahim Selçuk Esin, Esen Yıldırım Demirdöğen, Mehmet Akif Akıncı, Bahadır Turan, Gülsüm Tuğba Korkmaz Ürük, İlknur İbili Ucuz, Onur Burak Dursun
    Brain Sciences.2025; 16(1): 62.     CrossRef
  • Therapeutic Potential of Saraswata Ghrita in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Comprehensive Review
    Pallavi Mishra, Neha Vats, Nisha Kumari Ojha
    Journal of Pharmaceutical and BioSciences.2025; 13(3): 23.     CrossRef
  • Identification of Potential Biomarkers in Autism: PRELID2, MYO1B, LRCH2, LIFR, and RERG May Serve as Regulators in Synaptic Membrane-Integrating Interneurons
    Wei Zhang, Chenyang Wang, Xiaoqian Zhao, Shuo Pang, Zhuoling Zhao, Guojun Zhang, Jun Chen
    Current Gene Therapy.1970; 26(5): 1.     CrossRef
  • 58,596 View
  • 1,646 Download
  • 76 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Original Articles

BCED-Net: Breast Cancer Ensemble Diagnosis Network using transfer learning and the XGBoost classifier with mammography images
Drishti Arora, Rakesh Garg, Farhan Asif
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(5):409-419.
Published online September 10, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0361
BCED-Net: Breast Cancer Ensemble Diagnosis Network using transfer learning and the XGBoost classifier with mammography images
Objectives
Breast cancer poses a significant global health challenge, characterized by complex origins and the potential for life-threatening metastasis. The critical need for early and accurate detection is underscored by the 685,000 lives claimed by the disease worldwide in 2020. Deep learning has made strides in advancing the prompt diagnosis of breast cancer. However, obstacles persist, such as dealing with high-dimensional data and the risk of overfitting, necessitating fresh approaches to improve accuracy and real-world applicability.
Methods
In response to these challenges, we propose BCED-Net, which stands for Breast Cancer Ensemble Diagnosis Network. This innovative framework leverages transfer learning and the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) classifier on the Breast Cancer RSNA dataset. Our methodology involved feature extraction using pre-trained models—namely, Resnet50, EfficientnetB3, VGG19, Densenet121, and ConvNeXtTiny—followed by the concatenation of the extracted features. Our most promising configuration combined features extracted from deep convolutional neural networks—namely Resnet50, EfficientnetB3, and ConvNeXtTiny—that were classified using the XGBoost classifier.
Results
The ensemble approach demonstrated strong overall performance with an accuracy of 0.89. The precision, recall, and F1-score values, which were all at 0.86, highlight a balanced trade-off between correctly identified positive instances and the ability to capture all actual positive samples.
Conclusion
BCED-Net represents a significant leap forward in addressing persistent issues such as the high dimensionality of features and the risk of overfitting.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Deep transfer learning for breast cancer classification in mammography: A systematic review
    Adedoyin Elizabeth Oyekanmi, Yanxia Sun, Olugbenga Jeremiah Olamijuwon
    Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine Updat.2026; 9: 100251.     CrossRef
  • A cross data learning architecture for breast cancer classification using mammograms
    J. Aina, O. Akinniyi, M.N.A. Mulla, J.W. Gichoya, H. Trivedi, T.J. Meeker, Md M. Rahman, F. Khalifa
    Biomedical Signal Processing and Control.2026; 123: 110592.     CrossRef
  • The predictive value of multiple artificial intelligence models in axillary lymph node metastasis of breast cancer detected by ultrasound — a network meta-analysis
    Zhen Wang, Jian Dong, Yuhang Cheng, Yang Y, Wen Liu, Jun Li, Ting Ma
    Frontiers in Oncology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Brest cancer classification using optimized EfficientNet deep learning model
    Sheilla Ann Pacheco, Jayzel P. Bangoy, Zain G Rehman, Sania F Rehman, Mahesh Goyani, Smit Goyani
    Procedia Computer Science.2026; 283: 4377.     CrossRef
  • Self-knowledge distillation for prediction of breast cancer molecular subtypes based on digital breast tomosynthesis
    Wei Guo, Jiayi Bo, Shilin Chen, Zhaoxuan Gong, Guodong Zhang, Hanxun Zhou, Zekun Wang, Peng Zhao, Wenyan Jiang
    Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing.2025; 63(11): 3169.     CrossRef
  • Artificial Intelligence Pipeline for Mammography-Based Breast Cancer Detection: An Integrated Systematic Review and Large-Scale Experimental Validation
    Daniel Añez, Giuseppe Conti, Juan José Uriarte, José-Javier Serrano-Olmedo, Ricardo Martínez-Murillo, Oscar Casanova-Carvajal
    Medicina.2025; 61(12): 2237.     CrossRef
  • Dual‐View Deep Learning Model for Accurate Breast Cancer Detection in Mammograms
    Dilawar Shah, Mohammad Asmat Ullah Khan, Mohammad Abrar, Muhammad Tahir, Zhiyuan Qi
    International Journal of Intelligent Systems.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 12,372 View
  • 108 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Burden and trends of mental disorders in Vietnam, 1990–2023: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023
Thanh Hoa Tran, Ngoc Thi Nhu Hoang
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(4):337-350.
Published online June 23, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2026.0101
Burden and trends of mental disorders in Vietnam, 1990–2023: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023
Objectives
This study evaluated the epidemiological burden and temporal trends of mental disorders in Vietnam from 1990 to 2023 and projected the future burden through 2040. Methods: Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 data were used to analyze the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), and age-standardized disability-adjusted life-year rate (ASDAR) by age, sex, and diagnostic subtype. Temporal trends were quantified using the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC), and Pearson correlation analysis examined associations with Vietnam’s human development index (HDI). Bayesian structural time series (BSTS) models were used to forecast the burden through 2040. Results: In 2023, approximately 9.1 million individuals in Vietnam had mental disorders, with 2.94 million annual incident cases and 1.41 million disability-adjusted life-years. Depressive disorders ranked highest across all metrics, and females consistently had higher agestandardized rates than males. Age-standardized rates increased significantly from 1990 to 2023: ASIR, 1.10% EAPC (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87%–1.33%); ASPR, 0.27% EAPC (95% CI, 0.21%–0.33%); and ASDAR, 0.52% EAPC (95% CI, 0.46%–0.58%). Mental disorder burden was strongly positively correlated with HDI (r =0.773–0.909, all p<0.001). BSTS models projected continued increases through 2040 (ASPR, 9,003.75; ASIR, 3,307.11; ASDAR, 1,408.05 per 100,000 population). Conclusion: Mental disorders constitute an escalating public health challenge in Vietnam, with the burden increasing steadily over 3 decades and projected to continue rising through 2040. Reorientation toward an integrated, community-based care model, alongside targeted workforce expansion and systematic integration of mental health services into primary care, is essential to mitigate this growing burden.
  • 4,602 View
  • 72 Download

Review Articles

Psychiatric adverse events associated with the COVID-19 vaccines approved in the Republic of Korea: a systematic review
Seungeun Ryoo, Miyoung Choi, Nam-Kyong Choi, Hyoung-Shik Shin, Jun Hee Woo, Byung-Joo Park, Sanghoon Oh
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(2):107-114.
Published online March 28, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0325
Psychiatric adverse events associated with the COVID-19 vaccines approved in the Republic of Korea:  a systematic review
This systematic review evaluated psychiatric adverse events (AEs) following vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We included studies that reported or investigated psychiatric AEs in individuals who had received an approved COVID-19 vaccine in the Republic of Korea. Systematic electronic searches of Ovid-Medline, Embase, CENTRAL, and KoreaMed databases were conducted on March 22, 2023. Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Non-randomized Studies 2.0. The study protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42023449422). Of the 301 articles initially selected, 7 were included in the final analysis. All studies reported on sleep disturbances, and 2 highlighted anxiety-related AEs. Sleep disorders like insomnia and narcolepsy were the most prevalent AEs, while depression was not reported. Our review suggests that these AEs may have been influenced by biological mechanisms as well as the broader psychosocial context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although this study had limitations, such as a primary focus on the BNT162b2 vaccine and an observational study design, it offered a systematic, multi-vaccine analysis that fills a critical gap in the existing literature. This review underscores the need for continued surveillance of psychiatric AEs and guides future research to investigate underlying mechanisms, identify risk factors, and inform clinical management.

Citations

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  • Risk of anxiety disorders and insomnia following COVID-19 vaccination
    Haerin Cho, Joon Hyung Jung, Hwoyeon Seo, Won Chul Shin, Jung-Ick Byun, Suvin Park, Na-Young Jeong, Sanghoon Oh, Nam-Kyong Choi
    Journal of Psychiatric Research.2026; 192: 109.     CrossRef
  • A review of the scientific literature on experimental toxicity studies of COVID-19 vaccines, with special attention to publications in toxicology journals
    Jose L. Domingo
    Archives of Toxicology.2024; 98(11): 3603.     CrossRef
  • 25,973 View
  • 209 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Collaborative networks, trends, and comparative analysis of artificial intelligence techniques in healthcare research: a narrative review
Objectives
Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping healthcare by improving diagnosis and treatment planning, increasing operational efficiency, and streamlining administrative workflows. This paper integrates findings from an extensive PubMed search (2015–2025) with bibliometric analysis using RStudio and VOSviewer to investigate the comparative applications of AI methods in healthcare, collaborative networks, and emerging trends.
Methods
A total of 1,243 records were identified through the PubMed search, and after removal of 143 duplicates, 1,100 records were screened. Following full-text assessment and exclusion of ineligible studies, 986 articles were included in the final bibliometric analysis.
Results
The main research areas included robotic-assisted surgery, predictive analytics, diagnostic imaging, and precision medicine, with particular emphasis on the prevalence of machine learning and deep learning in imaging and the increasing application of natural language processing to unstructured medical information.
Conclusion
The review emphasizes the need for greater budgetary allocation to scalable and pragmatic AI technologies and for interdisciplinary cooperation among researchers, industry, and healthcare providers. Despite this growth, challenges such as algorithmic bias, data integration, and ethical concerns persist. The paper also highlights the importance of equitable collaboration, accountable AI, and multinational partnerships in ensuring that AI can be used ethically and efficiently in healthcare over the long term to improve patient care and biomedical innovation. It does so by mapping international and regional trends, identifying the most influential authors, institutions, and funding sources, and evaluating methodological approaches.
  • 5,518 View
  • 71 Download
The effects of resistance training on hemoglobin A1c, body mass index, and muscle strength in patients with diabetes mellitus based on age (middle-aged and older adults): a systematic review and meta-analysis
Objectives
This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of resistance training on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and body mass index in patients with diabetes mellitus, categorized by age.
Methods
A comprehensive search of English-language literature published between 1997 and 2025 was performed across 6 databases (Embase, CINAHL, Medline, Cochrane, PubMed, and PEDro). Standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were calculated, and publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger’s test. The Joanna Briggs Institute checklist was applied to evaluate study quality.
Results
Thirty randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria, comprising 620 participants in the older (<60 years of age) subgroup and 1,389 in the middle-aged (40–59 years of age) subgroup. In both subgroups, resistance training significantly reduced HbA1c levels and body mass index, while increasing muscle strength (primary outcome). It also significantly increased high-density lipoprotein, improved VO₂ peak, and reduced low-density lipoprotein (secondary outcomes). However, the effects of resistance training were significant only in the older-adult subgroup for total cholesterol and only in the middle-aged subgroup for triglycerides.
Conclusion
Resistance training is a recommended rehabilitation exercise for patients with diabetes mellitus. Routine resistance training has been shown to help maintain optimal HbA1c and body mass index levels and improve muscle strength. In addition, it does not pose a risk of adverse events in either middle-aged or older patients. Nonetheless, patients are advised to monitor blood glucose levels and adhere to a proper diet to achieve optimal outcomes.

Citations

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  • Brain glucodynamic variability is an essential feature of the metabolism–cognition relationship
    Hamish A. Deery, Emma Liang, Chris Moran, Gary F. Egan, Sharna D. Jamadar
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Impacts of Geri-Fit® on Health Outcomes in Older Adults: An Exploratory Study
    Allyson Mark, Wei-Chen Lee, Hani Serag, Namita Bhardwaj, Michael Goodman, Carlos Clark, Hanaa S. Sallam
    Healthcare.2026; 14(13): 1913.     CrossRef
  • 10,018 View
  • 221 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Rethinking mpox: epidemiology, clinical variants, diagnosis, and response
Renu Thakur, Devendra Pratap Singh Rajput, Nikunj Rajkumar Agrawal, Abhimanyu Agrawal
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(4):290-299.
Published online May 27, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0402
Rethinking mpox: epidemiology, clinical variants, diagnosis, and response
Monkeypox disease, now commonly referred to as mpox, was once considered a geographically restricted zoonotic disease but has emerged as a global public health concern. The 2022 multinational outbreak marked a turning point, with notable shifts in transmission dynamics, affected populations, and clinical manifestations. Classical cases typically involve fever, lymphadenopathy, and a centrifugal vesiculopustular rash; however, recent outbreaks have revealed atypical presentations, including genital and perianal lesions, minimal or absent prodromal symptoms, and asynchronous rash evolution. These variations have complicated early clinical recognition and may contribute to delayed diagnosis and onward transmission. This review synthesizes current evidence on the evolving epidemiology of mpox, highlights differences between endemic and non-endemic outbreaks, and describes the full spectrum of typical and atypical clinical features. It also assesses diagnostic approaches, including molecular and point-of-care techniques, and evaluates the efficacy and limitations of current and emerging vaccines, such as JYNNEOS and ACAM2000. Future priorities include improving global surveillance, refining case definitions, expanding diagnostic access, and ensuring equitable vaccine distribution. Understanding the expanding clinical and epidemiological profile of mpox is essential for timely diagnosis, containment, and preparedness against future outbreaks.
  • 3,203 View
  • 81 Download
Comparison and consideration of vaccine injury compensation programs in the Republic of Korea, Japan, and Taiwan
Cho Ryok Kang, Young June Choe, Jihyun Moon, Dooyoung Kim, Taemi Kim, Jong-Koo Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(6):479-488.
Published online November 12, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0129
Comparison and consideration of vaccine injury compensation programs in the Republic of Korea, Japan, and Taiwan
This study aimed to establish a foundation for future collaborations aimed at preparing for and responding to infectious diseases by examining the vaccine injury compensation programs (VICPs) of East Asian countries. We reviewed the current status of VICPs in the Republic of Korea, Japan, and Taiwan by searching national government websites and reviewing relevant literature. Additionally, we conducted email inquiries targeting experts from Japan and Taiwan. Through the comprehensive analysis of VICPs in these 3 countries covered various aspects, we identified several similarities and differences in the VICPs across these countries. While the governments of the Republic of Korea, Japan, and Taiwan play a central role in supporting investigations into vaccine injuries and managing compensation procedures based on legal statutes, they differ in terms of financial resources for compensation, the range of vaccines covered, and the criteria for assessing causality. In the Republic of Korea, Japan, and Taiwan, compensation is typically paid in a lump sum, although the specific benefits available vary by country. This study on VICPs in the Republic of Korea, Japan, and Taiwan provides valuable insights for the further development and management of domestic systems.

Citations

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  • The Vaccine That Was Never Mentioned: A Comparative Medico-Legal Analysis of the Duty to Inform and Document Preventive Immunization, with Proposed Practice Guidelines
    Sanit Thongsriratch, Therdpong Thongseiratch, Saratis Pairoh, Puttichart Khantee
    Vaccines.2026; 14(8): 664.     CrossRef
  • Local Vaccine Manufacturing in Saudi Arabia: Examining the Role of National Legal Frameworks and Strategic Policies
    Tareq S. Alshammari
    Beijing Law Review.2025; 16(04): 2147.     CrossRef
  • 12,872 View
  • 128 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Original Articles

Association between lifestyle inflammation score and quality of life according to depressive symptom status: a cross-sectional study in the Republic of Korea
Objectives
This study examined the association between lifestyle inflammation score (LIS) and health-related quality of life, assessed using the EuroQol-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) index, among adults in the Republic of Korea. It also evaluated whether depressive symptoms moderated this association. Methods: Data from the 2024 Community Health Survey were analyzed, and 231,386 adults were included. LIS was calculated by integrating smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and body mass index. The dependent variable, quality of life, was assessed using the EQ-5D index. Depressive symptoms, the moderator variable, were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, with a score of ≥10 indicating depressive symptoms. Data were analyzed using complex-sample multivariable linear regression to examine interaction effects according to depressive symptom status, followed by simple-slope analyses. Results: After adjustment for demographic and health-related variables, LIS was significantly and negatively associated with the EQ-5D index (β= –0.0069, p< 0.001), indicating that higher levels of inflammation-related lifestyle behaviors were associated with poorer quality of life. Depressive symptoms significantly moderated the association between LIS and the EQ5D index (β= –0.01727, p< 0.001). Simple-slope analyses showed that the adverse association between LIS and quality of life was stronger among individuals with depressive symptoms (β= –0.02349) than among those without depressive symptoms (β= –0.00621). Conclusion: Inflammation-related lifestyle behaviors were associated with reduced quality of life, and this negative association was stronger among individuals with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that considering both lifestyle-related inflammatory burden and depressive symptoms may help explain population-level differences in quality of life.
  • 2,079 View
  • 37 Download
Effects of green coffee supplementation on paraoxonase-1 activity and malondialdehyde levels in Iranian women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized clinical trial
Azam Ildarabadi, Marzieh Vahid-Dastjerdi, Mina Ghorbanpour, Ahmad Mousavi, Mehrnoush Meshkani, Mirsaeed Yekaninejad, Ahmad Saedisomeolia
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(6):521-532.
Published online November 20, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0187
Effects of green coffee supplementation on paraoxonase-1 activity and malondialdehyde levels in Iranian women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized clinical trial
Objectives
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common, heterogeneous clinical syndrome affecting women. Investigating oxidative stress in women is crucial, as it is linked to insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. Chlorogenic acid, a bioactive component found in green coffee, has numerous documented health benefits. This study aimed to assess the beneficial effects of green coffee consumption on paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in women with PCOS.
Methods
This study was a double-blind randomized clinical trial that included 44 patients with PCOS. Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group. For 6 weeks, the intervention group (n=22) received 400 mg of green coffee supplements, while the control group (n=22) received 400 mg of a starch-based placebo. Anthropometric indices, dietary assessments, and physical activity levels were evaluated before and after the 6-week intervention period. Additionally, blood samples were collected for laboratory analysis.
Results
Supplementation with green coffee increased PON-1 levels by 3.5 units, a significant finding (p=0.038). Additionally, the intake of green coffee supplements significantly reduced blood cholesterol levels by 18.8 units (p=0.013) and triglyceride levels by 6.1 units (p=0.053). However, no significant differences were observed in the levels of MDA, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, fasting blood sugar, insulin, or homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance as a result of the intervention.
Conclusion
Supplementation with green coffee alters PON-1 activity and cholesterol levels in women with PCOS. However, it has no significant impact on MDA levels or glycemic status.

Citations

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  • Oxidative Stress and Lipid Peroxidation Markers in Obesity-Related Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Menstrual Irregularities: A Systematic Review of Biochemical and Pharmacological Interventions
    Shahnaz Fatima, Anum Saeedullah, Anjum Mahmood, Mohammad Iqbal, Samina Firdous, Umar Alim
    Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences.2026; : 151.     CrossRef
  • Encapsulated coffee parchment extracts mitigate fructose-induced liver injury: linking agro-industrial waste valorization to environmental and metabolic health
    Meriem Benyelles, Amel Zoubeyda Merzouk, Hafida Merzouk, Amel Medjdoub, Farid Berroukeche
    International Journal of Environmental Health Rese.2026; : 1.     CrossRef
  • Polycystic ovary syndrome, cardiovascular risk, and coffee: a complex interplay
    Anna Vittoria Mattioli
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2025; 16(1): 89.     CrossRef
  • Association of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Its Metabolic Outcomes, Including Insulin Resistance and Dyslipidemia: A Systematic Review
    Hina Zuhra, Shabina Saifullah, Bela Inayat, Aneela Mehr, Amena Arif, Sabeen Khalid
    Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences.2025; : 171.     CrossRef
  • 43,825 View
  • 95 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Prevalence, multidrug resistance, and biofilm formation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from fish mariculture environments in Cat Ba Island, Vietnam
Kim Cuc Thi Nguyen, Phuc Hung Truong, Hoa Truong Thi, Xuan Tuy Ho, Phu Van Nguyen
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(1):56-67.
Published online February 19, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0181
Prevalence, multidrug resistance, and biofilm formation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from fish mariculture environments in Cat Ba Island, Vietnam
Objectives
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a major foodborne pathogen in aquatic animals and a threat to human health worldwide. This study investigated the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), and biofilm formation of V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from fish mariculture environments in Cat Ba Island, Vietnam. Methods: In total, 150 rearing water samples were collected from 10 fish mariculture farms in winter and summer. A polymerase chain reaction assay was used to identify V. parahaemolyticus, its virulence factors, and ARGs. The antimicrobial resistance patterns and biofilm formation ability of V. parahaemolyticus strains were investigated using the disk diffusion test and a microtiter plate-based crystal violet method, respectively. Results: Thirty-seven V. parahaemolyticus isolates were recovered from 150 samples. The frequencies of the tdh and trh genes among V. parahaemolyticus isolates were 8.1% and 21.6%, respectively. More than 90% of isolates were susceptible to ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and chloramphenicol, but over 72% were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, and erythromycin. Furthermore, 67.57% of isolates exhibited multidrug resistance. The presence of ARGs related to gentamicin (aac(3)-IV), tetracycline (tetA) and ciprofloxacin (qnrA) in V. parahaemolyticus isolates was identified. Conversely, no ARGs related to ampicillin or erythromycin resistance were detected. Biofilm formation capacity was detected in significantly more multidrug-resistant isolates (64.9%) than non-multidrug-resistant isolates (18.9%). Conclusion: Mariculture environments are a potential source of antibiotic-resistant V. parahaemolyticus and a hotspot for virulence genes and ARGs diffusing to aquatic environments. Thus, the prevention of antibiotic-resistant foodborne vibriosis in aquatic animals and humans requires continuous monitoring.

Citations

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  • The synthetic peptide GATR-3 shows significant antibacterial and biofilm-inhibition activity against shellfish- and oyster-associated bacteria Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus
    Sabrina Hsin-Yin Tsai, Brett A. Froelich, Monique L. van Hoek
    Comparative Immunology Reports.2026; 10: 200266.     CrossRef
  • Antimicrobial resistance in shrimp aquaculture: Pathways, ecosystem risks, and policy responses
    Lovely Akter, Neaz A. Hasan, Moshiur Rahman, Nasrullah Forajy, Mohammad Mahfujul Haque
    Environmental Challenges.2026; 22: 101401.     CrossRef
  • Influence of environmental parameters on total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from mussels and clams
    Görkem Cengiz, Özlem Küplülü
    Microbial Pathogenesis.2026; 213: 108352.     CrossRef
  • Phenotypic and genomic characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) at wet markets and online retail channels
    Xiaoyu Wang, Jiayi Zhang, Yongheng Zhu, Jun Wang, Tian Ding, Xinyu Liao, Juhee Ahn
    Food Science and Biotechnology.2026; 35(5): 1319.     CrossRef
  • The role of cortisol as a physiological stress indicator in fish contamination by Vibrio parahaemolyticus and its implications for human health
    Rzgar Farooq Rashid
    Italian Journal of Food Safety.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Assessment of Antibiotic Susceptibility and Biofilm Formation in Bacteria Isolated from White-Leg Shrimp in Traditional Markets, Can Tho City, Vietnam
    Hau Huu Tran, Nhi Thao Huynh, Nam Van Be Tran, Thanh Uyen Le, Tam Ngoc Thanh Huynh
    World's Veterinary Journal.2026; 16(1): 259.     CrossRef
  • New insights into the resistome-mobilome–biofilm relationship in Vibrio parahaemolyticus
    Antoine Régnier, Virginie Chesnais, Cecile Dumaire, Cecile Berdous, Romain Briandet, Sabine Debuiche, Virgile Guéneau, Graziella Midelet, Mélanie Gay, Thomas Brauge
    Food Microbiology.2026; 140: 105162.     CrossRef
  • Molecular Epidemiology, Antibiotic Susceptibility, and Virulence Profiling of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolated from Aquatic Foods in Shenzhen, China
    Fei Zha, Rui Luo, Longfei Hu, Weipeng Chen, Chun-Xu Xue
    Foodborne Pathogens and Disease.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Interface-dependent V. parahaemolyticus biofilm under varying temperatures, media, and oxygen conditions: implications for seafood safety
    Hansani Nilupama Kumari Senarath Pathirana, Steve Flint, Jon Palmer
    Food Research International.2026; 242: 120008.     CrossRef
  • Molecular epidemiology of multidrug-resistant, biofilm-producing Vibrio parahaemolyticus from a brackish water aquaculture-estuarine interface
    S.J. Abisha Juliet Mary, M. Petchimuthu, S. Deepika, G. Ferolin Jessina, S. Balasundari
    Environmental Pollution.2026; 409: 128990.     CrossRef
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    Yahan Cao, Ling-jia Zhu, TianQi Wang, Wenchao Yu
    Microbial Drug Resistance.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Annisa Widya Ananda, Sri Nuryati, Dinamella Wahjuningrum, Munti Yuhana, Ardana Kurniaji
    Comparative Immunology Reports.2026; 11: 200316.     CrossRef
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    Olajide Sunday Faleye, Jin-Hyung Lee, Jintae Lee
    LWT.2025; 215: 117229.     CrossRef
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    Maged A. Al-Garadi, Dhary Alewy Almashhadany, Rasha N. Aziz, Dheyazan M. Ali Al-Qabili, Ohoud S. Alhumaidan, Hanouf Alnuwaysir, Al-Hammadi Mohammed Ali, Essam Sayed, A. M. Alabsi
    Veterinary World.2025; : 348.     CrossRef
  • Multidrug Resistance, Biofilm-Forming Ability, and Molecular Characterization of Vibrio Species Isolated from Foods in Thailand
    Watcharapong Mitsuwan, Ratchadaporn Boripun, Phirabhat Saengsawang, Sutsiree Intongead, Sumaree Boonplu, Rawiwan Chanpakdee, Yukio Morita, Sumalee Boonmar, Napapat Rojanakun, Natnicha Suksriroj, Chollathip Ruekaewma, Titima Tenitsara
    Antibiotics.2025; 14(3): 235.     CrossRef
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    S. Devadas, Z. Zakaria, M. Shariff, S. Bhassu, M. Karim, I. Natrah
    Aquaculture.2025; 604: 742480.     CrossRef
  • Characterization of Virulence Genotypes and Prevalence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Fish Samples Collected from Thoothukudi Fish Landing Centres, India
    Selvamathi Veerabhadran Ragul, Fathiraja Parthiban, Rajendran Shalini, Sivasankar Panchavarnam, Thandapani Muthulakshmi, Mohamed Mansoor, Stephen Jerusha, Selvam Krishnakumar
    Thalassas: An International Journal of Marine Scie.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Alexandra Ban-Cucerzan, Kálmán Imre, Adriana Morar, Adela Marcu, Ionela Hotea, Sebastian-Alexandru Popa, Răzvan-Tudor Pătrînjan, Iulia-Maria Bucur, Cristina Gașpar, Ana-Maria Plotuna, Sergiu-Constantin Ban
    Microorganisms.2025; 13(8): 1805.     CrossRef
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    Alex S. Borromeo, Allan M. Manaloto, Ronilo P. Antonio
    Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance.2025; 45: 125.     CrossRef
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    Nurdan Filik, Fethi Filik, Ayşegül Kubilay
    Acta Aquatica Turcica.2024; 20(4): 312.     CrossRef
  • Passive immunoprophylaxis with Ccombodies against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei)
    Wanna Sirimanapong, Prawporn Thaijongrak, Chiranan Sudpraseart, Dennis Berbulla Bela-ong, Abigail Joy D. Rodelas-Angelia, Mark Rickard N. Angelia, Seungbeom Hong, Jaesung Kim, Kim D. Thompson, Tae Sung Jung
    Fish & Shellfish Immunology.2024; 154: 109973.     CrossRef
  • Isolation of H2S-generating Bacterium (Desulfovibrio sp.) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus From Aquatic Farming and In Vitro Evaluation of the Ability of Bacteriophages as Biocontrol
    Truong Thi Bich Van, Nguyen Thi Loan Anh, Nguyen Huu Tri , Chau Thanh Tuan
    Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan.2024; 17(1): 167.     CrossRef
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  • 225 Download
  • 19 Web of Science
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Review Articles

Pandemics: past, present, and future: multitasking challenges in need of cross-disciplinary, transdisciplinary, and multidisciplinary collaborative solutions
Amir Khorram-Manesh, Frederick Martin Burkle Jr, Krzysztof Goniewicz
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(4):267-285.
Published online July 23, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0372
Pandemics: past, present, and future: multitasking challenges in need of cross-disciplinary, transdisciplinary, and multidisciplinary collaborative solutions
The extensive history of pandemics has spanned many centuries, profoundly impacting societies, economies, and public health, and thereby shaping the course of history in various ways. Advances in medicine, science, and public health practices have played a pivotal role in mitigating the effects of pandemics over time. This review explores the scientific landscape of contemporary pandemics, examining their diverse and complex nature. It goes beyond the biological aspects of pandemics to consider socioeconomic, environmental, and technological factors. Through a scientific lens, this study aims to understand the complexities of pandemics and contribute to the expanding knowledge base that helps humanity strengthen its defenses against global health threats. By elucidating the enigmas of pandemics, the study hopes to foster a more resilient and prepared global health environment. Highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary, cross-disciplinary, and transdisciplinary approach, this exploration emphasizes the critical need to integrate biological, socioeconomic, environmental, and technological domains to develop more robust defenses against these global health challenges.

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  • Transdisciplinarity in water management: A systematic review of concepts, practices, and challenges
    Ana Paula de Carvalho Silva, Margarida Ribau Teixeira, Luís Miguel Nunes
    Environmental Science & Policy.2026; 176: 104317.     CrossRef
  • Proactive postgraduate education in disaster medicine and preparedness for enhanced disaster management
    Jonas Zimmerman, Amir Khorram-Manesh, Yohan Robinson, Diana Swolin-Eide, Viktor Glantz, Eric Carlström, Joakim Björås
    BMC Medical Education.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Spatial-Temporal Patterns and Influencing Factors of Epidemics in Gansu Province During the Qing Dynasty (1644–1911)
    Haili Zhao, Yamei Yao
    International Journal of Social Sciences and Publi.2026; 10(3): 77.     CrossRef
  • The environmental impacts and remediation strategies of microplastics in aquatic sediments
    Abdulrazaq Izuafa, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Josephine Nathaniel, Priscilla Oluwaseyi Obi, Saadatu Muhammad
    Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management.2026; 22(5): 1376.     CrossRef
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    Ahmed Z. Tawfeeq, Rabee Ali Zaker, Huda Abdulrahem Hussein Ali
    International Journal of Productivity and Performa.2026; : 1.     CrossRef
  • Beyond command and control: a leadership model for complex healthcare environments
    Ricky Wallace, Muhammad Asif, Yasmeen Muhammad Din Javeed
    Quality & Quantity.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Taking stock of intersectionality-informed policy guidance for post-pandemic recovery: a scoping review
    Gemma Hunting, Olena Hankivsky, Ashlee Christoffersen
    International Journal for Equity in Health.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Conflicts of interest as a barrier to the development of health technology assessment in Iran: a qualitative study
    Meysam Behzadifar, Saeed Shahabi, Ahad Bakhtiari, Mariano Martini, Masoud Behzadifar
    Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Transforming global public health: Climate collaboration, political challenges, and systemic change
    Krzysztof Goniewicz, Frederick M. Burkle, Amir Khorram-Manesh
    Journal of Infection and Public Health.2025; 18(1): 102615.     CrossRef
  • The role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in predicting and combating antimicrobial resistance
    Hazrat Bilal, Muhammad Nadeem Khan, Sabir Khan, Muhammad Shafiq, Wenjie Fang, Rahat Ullah Khan, Mujeeb Ur Rahman, Xiaohui Li, Qiao-Li Lv, Bin Xu
    Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal.2025; 27: 423.     CrossRef
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    Mohd Afzal, Shagun Agarwal, Rabab H. Elshaikh, Asaad M. A. Babker, Einas Awad Ibrahim Osman, Ranjay Kumar Choudhary, Suresh Jaiswal, Farhana Zahir, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, Anass M. Abbas, Manar G. Shalabi, Ashok Kumar Sah
    Life.2025; 15(2): 209.     CrossRef
  • BIOSURFACTANT PROPERTIES AND ITS APPLICATION IN CHROMIUM REMOVAL: A REVIEW
    Usman Ali Bukar, Abdullahi Hassan Kawo, Sani Yahaya, Sani Yahaya, Abdullahi Balarabe Inuwa, Aminu Yusuf Fardami
    FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES.2025; 9(1): 273.     CrossRef
  • Tracking the Threat, 50 Years of Laboratory-Acquired Infections: A Systematic Review
    Esteban Zavaleta-Monestel, Carolina Rojas-Chinchilla, Adriana Anchía-Alfaro, Diego Quesada-Loría, Jonathan García-Montero, Sebastián Arguedas-Chacón, Georgia Hanley-Vargas
    Acta Microbiologica Hellenica.2025; 70(2): 11.     CrossRef
  • Artificial Intelligence in Cardiology: Insights From a Multidisciplinary Perspective
    Kalynn Niroda, Cristian Drudi, Joseph Byers, Jasmine Johnson, Gabrielle Cozzi, Leo Anthony Celi, Haitham Khraishah
    Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiogra.2025; 4(3): 102612.     CrossRef
  • Examining criticism of WHO’s COVID-19 response: a scoping review
    Magde Mohamed Nour, Sezer Kisa, Adnan Kisa
    Humanities and Social Sciences Communications.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Precision Medicine in Liver and Lung Transplantation: Integrating Immunology, Regenerative Therapies, and Computational Advances
    Tamer A. Addissouky
    OBM Transplantation.2025; 09(03): 1.     CrossRef
  • Harnessing Occupational and Environmental Medicine Expertise to Transform Medical Care: A Catalyst for Mitigating the Human Health Impacts of Climate Change
    Robert K. McLellan, Manijeh Berenji, Ada Egbuji, Kathleen Fagan, Ismail Nabeel, William Brett Perkison, Peter Rabinowitz, Romero Santiago, Patthrarawalai Sirinara, Emily Stoneman, Hannah Thompson
    Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2025; 67(10): e743.     CrossRef
  • Impact of Rapid Emergency Medical Services Response Times on Patient Outcomes in Saudi Arabia
    Mousa Abdullah Alhajji Ahmed, Hassan Abdulrahman T, Abdullah Ali Al Kishi, Ahmad Amer Hussain Alamer, Hussain Salem Alali, Abbas Ali Alhajji, Abdulaziz Hussain Ahmed Alabdullah, Mohammed Abbs Ali Aloqili, Reda mohammad Ali Alnahawi, Saleh Mohamm
    International Journal of Computational and Experim.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effective Strategies in Disease Control and Prevention: A Systematic Review
    Salman Daneshi, Mehran Nikvarz, Rasoul Raesi, Ali Kamali, Eshagh Barfar, Kiavash Hushmandi
    Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Shaping Safety: Unveiling the Dynamics of Incident Reporting and Safety Culture in Saudi Arabian Healthcare
    Hind Alsahli, Ahmed Al-Wathinani, Tariq Althobaiti, Mohammed Abahussain, Krzysztof Goniewicz
    Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare.2024; Volume 17: 3775.     CrossRef
  • The Impacts of Narcissistic Leadership on Achieving the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals—A Scoping Review
    Amir Khorram-Manesh, Krzysztof Goniewicz, Frederick M. Burkle
    Challenges.2024; 15(3): 37.     CrossRef
  • Global Health Emergencies of Extreme Drought Events: Historical Impacts and Future Preparedness
    Zakaria A. Mani, Amir Khorram-Manesh, Krzysztof Goniewicz
    Atmosphere.2024; 15(9): 1137.     CrossRef
  • The Effectiveness and Benefits of Disaster Simulation Training for Undergraduate Medical Students in Saudi Arabia [Letter]
    Ahmed Al-Wathinani, Krzysztof Goniewicz
    Advances in Medical Education and Practice.2024; Volume 15: 1173.     CrossRef
  • Evaluating the efficacy of full-scale and tabletop exercises in enhancing paramedic preparedness for external disasters: A quasi-experimental study
    Ghadeer A. Alakrawi, Ahmed M. Al-Wathinani, Juan Gómez-Salgado, Abdullah M. Alobaid, Mohammed Abahussian, Riyadh Alhazmi, Abdulmajeed Mobrad, Albaraa Jebreel, Saqar Althunayyan, Krzysztof Goniewicz
    Medicine.2024; 103(49): e40777.     CrossRef
  • 17,402 View
  • 748 Download
  • 18 Web of Science
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Global health security in the post-COVID-19 era: threats, preparation, and response
Chaeshin Chu
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(2):116-125.
Published online April 4, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0037
Global health security in the post-COVID-19 era: threats, preparation, and response
Global health security threats in the post-coronavirus disease 2019 era include dense urban populations, increased human–animal proximity, migration driven by political or economic instability, climate change, humanitarian crises, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and the misuse of biological research—including the accidental or intentional release of high-risk pathogens. The foundational preparation for these threats is to establish a robust, resilient public health system based on universal health coverage. The World Health Organization’s International Health Regulations must continue to promote global solidarity by maintaining core capacities such as surveillance, national laboratories, and epidemiological investigations of emerging infectious diseases, with timely reporting and information sharing within the global health security community. A One Health approach is essential for addressing AMR. Infection prevention and control must be enhanced to reduce healthcare-associated infections in medical facilities. Additionally, regulations concerning biosafety and biosecurity should address dual-use research of concern as well as the accidental or intentional release of highrisk pathogens from laboratories. Global health security is a collective responsibility because these threats know no borders and require coordinated action.

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  • The Role of Environmental and Climatic Factors in Accelerating Antibiotic Resistance in the Mediterranean Region
    Nikolaos P. Tzavellas, Natalia Atzemoglou, Petros Bozidis, Konstantina Gartzonika
    Acta Microbiologica Hellenica.2026; 71(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Global health preparedness for biosecurity threats: a review of emerging technologies and solutions
    Omotade Adebimpe Ijarotimi, Adeyemi Akeem Amuda, Christopher Oluwatosin Omokanye, Mariam Amuda
    Frontiers in Public Health.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 11,374 View
  • 187 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Original Articles

Child health problems and social determinants as predictors of postpartum depression: a cross-sectional study using 2023 Indonesia Health Survey data
Objectives
This study examined the predictive role of child health problems and social determinants in postpartum depression (PPD), with the aim of supporting early screening strategies and more comprehensive maternal health policies. Methods: This cross-sectional study used secondary data from the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey, conducted by the Indonesian Ministry of Health. The analysis included 26,656 postpartum women aged at least 15 years who had given birth within the previous 24 months. PPD was assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the data. Results: Child health problems were among the strongest factors associated with PPD in Indonesia. Having had an unplanned pregnancy was associated with higher odds of PPD (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.90–5.25; p < 0.001), as was having a child with chronic illness (aOR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.01–5.26; p= 0.048). Social risk factors, including younger maternal age, divorce or separation from a partner, unemployment, and lack of social support, were also associated with PPD in Indonesia. Conclusion: Child health problems and adverse social conditions were significantly associated with postpartum mental health in Indonesia. Integrating early screening into maternal and child health services and strengthening maternal support systems may help reduce the burden of PPD.
  • 2,080 View
  • 101 Download
Temporal dynamics, climate associations, and surveillance performance of Lassa fever in Nigeria, 2020–2025: a national longitudinal analysis
Ayokunle John Tadema, Faith Mmesoma Nwosu, Oluwatumilara Ayokunle Abimbola
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(4):310-321.
Published online June 29, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2026.0226
Temporal dynamics, climate associations, and surveillance performance of Lassa fever in Nigeria, 2020–2025: a national longitudinal analysis
Objectives
We examined national temporal trends, laboratory-confirmation performance, and climate associations in Lassa fever surveillance in Nigeria from 2020 to 2025, and assessed the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on surveillance metrics. Methods: We analyzed 307 consecutive weeks of national Lassa fever surveillance data using an ecological study design. Primary outcomes included confirmed-case counts, case fatality rate (CFR), and laboratory-confirmation rate (LCR). Temporal trends were evaluated using regression models, climate associations using correlation and negative binomial regression analyses, and the impact of COVID-19 using interrupted time-series analysis. Results: Overall, 47,029 suspected cases, 6,288 confirmed cases, and 975 deaths were reported. The mean LCR was 11.2% (standard deviation, 7.2%), declining from 18.4% in 2020 to 9.9% in 2025 (p <0.001). The overall CFR was 15.5%, with no significant downward trend over time. Confirmed cases were inversely associated with weekly rainfall (rs=−0.589, p <0.0001) and positively associated with mean temperature (rs=0.462, p<0.0001). Peak season incidence was 5.3-fold higher than that during off-peak periods. The COVID-19 lockdown period was associated with an immediate reduction in confirmed cases without a corresponding reduction in suspected cases. Conclusion: Lassa fever surveillance in Nigeria from 2020 to 2025 was characterized by a declining LCR, persistently elevated CFR, and a climate-linked seasonal pattern of increasing intensity, findings that are consistent with, but do not definitively establish, systemic underascertainment. CFR trends may partly reflect case-mix variation and detection bias. Because of the ecological study design, causal inferences cannot be drawn. These findings underscore the need for resilient, climate-informed, One Health surveillance systems.
  • 1,754 View
  • 81 Download
Molecular and genetic characterization of Kudoa septempunctata from foodborne outbreaks in the Republic of Korea, 2016–2024: a retrospective public-health surveillance investigation
Jong-Hoon Choi, Sung-Hee Hong, Cha-Yoon Kim, Ji-Young Kwon, Ji Ye Seo, Se-Jin Jeong, Tae Yun Kim, Jung-Won Ju, Hee-Il Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(4):300-309.
Published online May 14, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0426
Molecular and genetic characterization of Kudoa septempunctata from foodborne outbreaks in the Republic of Korea, 2016–2024: a retrospective public-health surveillance investigation
Objectives
Kudoa septempunctata is a marine myxosporean parasite implicated in seafood-borne acute gastroenteritis, predominantly associated with the consumption of raw olive flounder. This study aimed to characterize the molecular and genetic features of K. septempunctata-associated with foodborne outbreaks in the Republic of Korea from 2016 to 2024. Methods: We reviewed 415 suspected foodborne outbreaks reported through national surveillance between 2016 and 2024. Among these, 37 outbreaks with complete clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory data from 2020 to 2024—including K. septempunctata testing and genotyping—were analyzed in detail. Results: Diarrhea (88.8%) and vomiting (61.2%) were the most common symptoms. The detection rate of K. septempunctata was significantly higher in specimens collected ≤24 hours after raw fish consumption (69.8%) than in those collected > 24 hours after consumption (35.9%). Outbreak occurrence was higher during warmer months (May–October) than during other periods, although this difference was not statistically significant. All sequences obtained from patient specimens belonged to sequence type 3 (ST3) of K. septempunctata. Conclusion: Since 2020, the proportion of reported outbreaks associated with Kudoa has increased, indicating its continued public health relevance. The timing of specimen collection is a key determinant of K. septempunctata detection, as diagnostic yield declines significantly when specimens are collected more than 24 hours after exposure. These findings highlight the need for standardized rapid investigation protocols and an integrated surveillance system linking clinical data with seafood supply-chain information.
  • 1,775 View
  • 67 Download
Associations of type and intensity of social participation with depression, self-rated health, and life satisfaction among community-dwelling older adults in the Republic of Korea: a nationwide cross-sectional study
Objectives
Social activities are important and influential factors for healthy aging. However, limited information is available regarding the associations of the type and intensity of social participation with health and well-being. This study aimed to investigate how various types of social activities are associated with several dimensions of health outcomes. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized data from the Seventh Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging, which included 5,526 adults aged 60 years and older. Multivariate linear regression analysis was employed to analyze the associations of social activities with depression, self-rated health, and life satisfaction. Additionally, subgroup analyses by sex and age were performed. Results: Among the participants, 73.5% reported involvement in at least 1 of the 4 types of social engagement. After adjustment for all covariates, individuals who participated in any social activity reported better self-rated health and higher life satisfaction compared to those who did not participate. However, the intensity of engagement in different social activities had varying impacts on subjective health outcomes. An increased level of participation was associated with a lower rate of depression and improved self-rated health. However, no significant differences were observed in the relationship between the intensity of participation in activities (with the exception of alumni societies or family councils) and life satisfaction. Conclusion: This study suggests that to improve their health, older adults in the Republic of Korea should not only engage in social activities but also do so actively and regularly.

Citations

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  • Impact of Depression on Self-Rated Health Status among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Moderating Effects of Subjective Social Status and Formal Social Participation Using Data from the Ninth Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2022)
    Sohee Jung, Eunhee Yang, Soyoung Cha, Wonhee Baek
    Journal of Fundamental Nursing Science.2026; 33(1): 147.     CrossRef
  • Disaggregating Digital Competence: Social Activity Participation and Depressive Symptoms Among Korean Older Adults
    Young-Mi Jung, NakHyeok Choi
    Behavioral Sciences.2026; 16(10): 1742.     CrossRef
  • Gender differences in advanced activities of daily living: evidence from the longitudinal study of health and aging in Mexico 2012–2018
    Martha A. Sánchez-Rodríguez, Mariano Zacarías-Flores, Lesly Estefanía Castañeda-Sánchez, Víctor Manuel Mendoza-Núñez
    Frontiers in Aging.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Associations Between Physical Activity, Body Perception, and Self-Rated Health in Korean Adults: An Analysis of the 2023 Korean Community Health Survey
    Geun-Kook Kim, Su-Yeon Roh, Sung-Ho Hwang
    Medicina.2025; 61(11): 1898.     CrossRef
  • 6,354 View
  • 135 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Effectiveness of a cognitive behavioral therapy program in stroke patients in the Republic of Korea: a mixed-methods study
So-Eun Choi, Deok-Ju Kim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(5):461-475.
Published online September 30, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0116
Effectiveness of a cognitive behavioral therapy program in stroke patients in the Republic of Korea: a mixed-methods study
Objectives
This study aimed to explore the effects of a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) program on stroke patients, as well as their experiences participating in the program. Methods: This study employed a mixed-methods design, integrating qualitative case studies with quantitative analysis. We included 20 stroke patients, randomly divided into 2 groups of 10 each: an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group underwent a CBT program comprising 20 sessions, in addition to receiving general occupational therapy. Conversely, the control group participated in meditation relaxation sessions alongside their general occupational therapy. Both interventions were administered daily for 60 minutes, 5 days a week, over a 4-week period. Results: After the intervention, the experimental group exhibited significant improvements in depression, anxiety, self-efficacy, and rehabilitation motivation (p<0.01, p<0.05). In contrast, the control group only demonstrated a significant reduction in anxiety (p<0.05). A comparison of the changes between the 2 groups showed significant differences in depression and anxiety (p<0.01), but no significant differences in self-efficacy and rehabilitation motivation (p>0.05). In-depth interviews with 10 participants from the experimental group were conducted and analyzed, revealing 4 core themes: “psychological stability,” “physical symptom relief,” “altered daily routines,” and “challenges and hopes for change.” Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that CBT programs may serve as a valuable intervention, offering psychological support and rehabilitation for stroke patients.

Citations

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  • Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for post-stroke fatigue: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Fusen Sun, Yan Li, Fengli Liu
    Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases.2026; 35(8): 108697.     CrossRef
  • Effects of a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program Combined with an Exercise Therapy Program on Balance, Gait, EEG, and Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Stroke
    You-Kyoung Jang
    Journal of The Korean Society of Physical Medicine.2026; 21(3): 1.     CrossRef
  • 7,955 View
  • 220 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Association between ambient temperature and blood pressure in hypertensive adults in Bogor City, Indonesia: a 6-year longitudinal cohort study
Puti Sari Hidayangsih, Woro Riyadina, Ika Dharmayanti, Pandji Wibawa Dhewantara, Ning Sulistiyowati, Noor Edi Widya Sukoco, Yuda Turana
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(4):326-336.
Published online May 14, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0226
Association between ambient temperature and blood pressure in hypertensive adults in Bogor City, Indonesia: a 6-year longitudinal cohort study
Objectives
Climate variability, particularly ambient air temperature, is an emerging environmental determinant of blood pressure (BP); however, evidence from tropical lowand middle-income countries (LMICs) remains limited. We examined associations between monthly average ambient temperature with systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) among adults in Bogor City, Indonesia. Methods: This longitudinal cohort analysis used secondary data collected between 2011 and 2018 from 1,648 participants with repeated BP measurements (19 assessments over 6 years). Average ambient temperature data were matched to the month of BP measurement. Generalized estimating equations models were used to assess the association between temperature and BP after adjustment for age, sex, education, and socioeconomic status. Results: Mean ambient temperature ranged from 24.6 °C to 28.9 °C. SBP varied more than DBP and tended to increase as ambient temperature decreased. The overall main effect of temperature on BP was not statistically significant. However, several visit-specific temperature–time interactions were negative and significant, suggesting inverse patterns between lower temperatures and higher SBP or DBP. Marginal effects plots demonstrated time-varying associations, with predicted SBP and DBP differences of approximately −4 to + 3 mmHg across follow-up visits at representative temperatures. Socioeconomic status and education were associated with SBP, whereas age and female sex were associated with DBP. Conclusion: Temperature variations were associated with time-varying BP changes among adults with hypertension in Bogor City during 2011–2018. Although the main temperature effect was non-significant, temperature–time interactions suggested modest inverse patterns within clinically plausible ranges. These findings support the need for updated, multi-site studies in tropical LMIC settings.
  • 2,246 View
  • 69 Download

Brief Report

Standardizing the approach to clinical-based human microbiome research: from clinical information collection to microbiome profiling and human resource utilization
Objectives
This study presents the standardized protocols developed by the Clinical-Based Human Microbiome Research and Development Project (cHMP) in the Republic of Korea.
Methods
It addresses clinical metadata collection, specimen handling, DNA extraction, sequencing methods, and quality control measures for microbiome research.
Results
The cHMP involves collecting samples from healthy individuals and patients across various body sites, including the gastrointestinal tract, oral cavity, respiratory system, urogenital tract, and skin. These standardized procedures ensure consistent data quality through controlled specimen collection, storage, transportation, DNA extraction, and sequencing. Sequencing encompasses both amplicon and whole metagenome methods, followed by stringent quality checks. The protocols conform to international guidelines, ensuring that the data generated are both reliable and comparable across microbiome studies.
Conclusion
The cHMP underscores the importance of methodological standardization in enhancing data integrity, reproducibility, and advancing microbiome-based research with potential applications for improving human health outcomes.

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  • Harnessing Dietary Tryptophan: Bridging the Gap Between Neurobiology and Psychiatry in Depression Management
    Amanda Chabrour Chehadi, Enzo Pereira de Lima, Cláudia Rucco Penteado Detregiachi, Rafael Santos de Argollo Haber, Virgínia Maria Cavallari Strozze Catharin, Lucas Fornari Laurindo, Vitor Engracia Valenti, Cristiano Machado Galhardi, Masaru Tanaka, Sandra
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2026; 27(1): 465.     CrossRef
  • Human Microbiota-Associated Pig Models for Translational Microbiome Research: A Scoping Review
    Seong-Jin Wang, Hao-Yang Nian, Zhi-Hao Chen, Li Cui
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2026; 27(4): 1987.     CrossRef
  • Gut microbiota-regulated tryptophan metabolism in breast cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives
    Jiaxi Yan, Linfeng Qian, Shiqi Chen, Maryam Mohammed Abbas Karekad, Xuanwei Wu, Musheng Xu, Xiaohong Xu
    Frontiers in Oncology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Genome-based medicine in Korea: the Korea National Institute of Health infrastructure for precision medicine
    Hyun-Young Park
    Childhood Kidney Diseases.2026; 30(1): 15.     CrossRef
  • The gut microbiome as a biomarker and modifiable risk factor in Lynch Syndrome
    Verona Sarena Colaco, Annemarie Boleij
    Familial Cancer.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Expanding Landscape of Microbiota Medicine: Indications, Therapeutic Modalities, and the Path Towards Integrative Microbiome‐Targeting Healthcare
    Min Dai, Yisha Lin, Renyou Gan, Xiaotao Shen, Shin Young Park, Sunjae Lee, Qi Su
    Microbiota Medicine Research.2026; 1(2): 63.     CrossRef
  • Gut microbiome biomarkers for colorectal cancer detection: a systematic review highlighting age as a key confounder
    Pankaj Chejara, Anders Eriksson
    Frontiers in Oncology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The gut microbiome organ
    Yang Bi, Weibin Song, Maria Glymenaki, Jie Hu, Xiru Li, Heng Huang, Yousong Peng, Shuaishuai Ni, Ornuma Haonon, Zhu Liu, Krai Daowtak, Xiaotao Shen, Huadong Peng, Jutarop Phetcharaburanin, Huiru Tang, Yulan Wang, Jia V. Li, Mizu Jiang, Nick Powell, Victor
    iMeta.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Forensic Microbiomics and Trace Microbial Evidence: Molecular Innovations for Linking Suspects, Objects, and Environments
    Badal Mavry, Sneha Lohar, Garima Awasthi, Kumud Kant Awasthi, Mahipal Singh Sankhla, Anuj Sharma, Rajeev Kumar, Yogesh Kumar, Ruchi Pathania, Theodoros Varzakas
    Microorganisms.2026; 14(8): 1858.     CrossRef
  • Microbiome-based therapeutics for Clostridioides difficile infection: additive, subtractive, and modulatory strategies in modern clinical practice
    Roxana-Elena Cristian, Corneliu Ovidiu Vrancianu, Marian Constantin, Mihaela Paun, Eduard C. Milea, Dragos Malaescu, Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
    Gut Microbes.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Gut–Skin Axis in Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis: Nutritional Modulation, Microbiome Interactions, and Emerging Precision Approaches
    Raluca-Gabriela Miulescu, Mihnea Costescu, Ruxandra-Cristina Marin, Alina Mușetescu, Călin Muntean, Ioana Roşca, Iris-Iuliana Adam, Alina Ilici, Oana Andreia Coman
    Nutrients.2026; 18(19): 3138.     CrossRef
  • The emerging role of microbiota in neuro-oncology
    Golnaz Morad, Rebecca A. Soto, Nadim J. Ajami, Sherise D. Ferguson, Jennifer A. Wargo
    Nature Reviews Neurology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Associating the oral microbiome across the head and neck cancer continuum: a scoping review
    Nicholas G. Beacher, Marcello Riggio, Adil Khan, Mark C. Butcher, Chris Delaney, David I. Conway
    Critical Reviews in Microbiology.2026; : 1.     CrossRef
  • 4,517 View
  • 96 Download
  • 12 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Review Articles

The prevalence of tobacco, alcohol, stimulant, khat, and cannabis use among school-going students in African and Arab countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Chaimaa El Moubchiri, Mohamed Chahboune, Morad Guennouni, Abderraouf Hilali
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(1):28-41.
Published online December 13, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0204
The prevalence of tobacco, alcohol, stimulant, khat, and cannabis use among school-going students in African and Arab countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Objectives
The objectives of this review and meta-analysis were twofold: first, to determine the prevalence of substance use among school-going children in Arab and African countries; and second, to highlight the considerable influence of variables such as the nation’s region and the timeframe of the study on the prevalence of substance use.
Methods
Research was sourced from Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed. Thirty-seven articles were incorporated in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. This review included studies published from 2013 to 2023. The statistical meta-analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis ver. 3 software. Across 37 studies, the total number of study participants was 73,508.
Results
The meta-analysis revealed that tobacco was the most commonly used substance, with a prevalence of 16% (95% confidence interval [CI], 12.7%–20.02%). This was closely followed by alcohol, which had a prevalence of 15% (95% CI, 10.5%–22.8%), stimulants at 11.4% (95% CI, 7.4%–17%), khat at 10% (95% CI, 5.7%–15%), and cannabis at 8% (95% CI, 3.3%–18.4%). Notably, alcohol was the only substance that showed an increasing trend in prevalence from before to after 2019, rising from 13.3% (95% CI, 6.2%–26.1%) to 17% (95% CI, 10.2%–27%) (p<0.001). Additionally, the prevalence of substance use varied significantly between Arab and African countries (p<0.001).
Conclusion
Although the prevalence of substance use among school-going populations has significantly decreased over time, with the exception of alcohol, it is imperative that both African and Arab countries implement comprehensive measures and stringent laws to address the production and marketing of substances.

Citations

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  • Association of Substance Use Pattern and Family Factors With Use-Related Problems According to Arabic Drug Abuse Screening Test-10: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Hussam Aly Sayed Murad, Marwan Bakarman
    Substance Use: Research and Treatment.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 12,413 View
  • 234 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Climate change and older adults: mapping health impacts and intervention strategies: a scoping review
Ponnarasu Ponnu, Manish Taywade, Sandeep Das
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(3):196-205.
Published online April 13, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0324
Climate change and older adults: mapping health impacts and intervention strategies: a scoping review
Objectives
This scoping review aimed to examine the impact of climate change on the health of older adults and to evaluate existing interventions targeting this population. Methods: The review followed Arksey and O’Malley’s framework and the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science. Eligible studies included those focusing on adults aged 60 years and older that examined the physical and mental health impacts of climate change across any geographic setting or level of care. Descriptive and thematic analyses were performed to identify key findings and knowledge gaps. Results: Climate change adversely affects the physical and mental health of older adults through increased exposure to infectious diseases, extreme temperatures, and poor air and water quality. Older adults are particularly vulnerable to heat-related illnesses, cardiovascular events, and respiratory conditions, with women and individuals with comorbidities at higher risk. Climate change is also associated with increased anxiety, insomnia, and other mental health concerns in this population. Social support and targeted interventions—such as community awareness programs and subsidized cooling costs—are associated with reduced risk. Community-based initiatives have demonstrated potential in reducing mortality and enhancing resilience among older adults during extreme weather events. Conclusion: Healthcare professionals should be educated about climate-related health outcomes affecting older adults. Protecting this vulnerable population requires urgent, inclusive, and targeted strategies, including education, improved healthcare access, and tailored interventions.
  • 2,685 View
  • 127 Download

Commentary

Early circulation of influenza A(H3N2) subclade K: antigenic drift and vaccine effectiveness
Mehreen Naz, Shah Fahad Khan Jogezai, Garzeen Ghaffar
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(4):371-372.
Published online May 14, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0594
  • 1,785 View
  • 42 Download

Perspective

Dengue vaccine: a hidden risk to Aedes aegypti control in Brazil
Halison Correia Golias
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(4):322-325.
Published online June 23, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0544
  • 1,431 View
  • 41 Download

Original Articles

Reciprocal associations between smartphone overdependence and anxiety in adolescents: evidence from a nationally representative survey in the Republic of Korea
Objectives
Smartphone overdependence (SOD) and anxiety are major concerns in adolescent mental health; however, few studies have examined their bidirectional relationship. This study aimed to examine reciprocal associations between SOD and anxiety among adolescents. Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted with data from 50,975 adolescents in the 19th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey. SOD was measured using the SOD scale, and anxiety was assessed using the generalized anxiety disorder 7-item scale. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine reciprocal associations, adjusting for sociodemographic factors, perceived stress, loneliness, and depressive symptoms. Results: Moderate to severe anxiety was found in 12.6% of participants, and 3.3% were classified as being at high risk for SOD. In adjusted models, the model with anxiety as the outcome demonstrated higher predictive performance (concordance rate, 86.5%) than the model with SOD as the outcome (77.3%). Adolescents at high risk for SOD had higher odds of reporting anxiety, and those with severe anxiety had higher odds of being classified as at high risk for SOD. Stress, loneliness, and smartphone use time were also identified as significant predictors. Conclusion: SOD and anxiety were strongly associated with each other among adolescents. Integrated approaches addressing both digital behavior and mental health may help inform strategies to reduce psychological distress. Public health strategies may benefit from considering both aspects when screening for problematic smartphone use and anxiety.
  • 2,261 View
  • 88 Download
AI-powered COVID-19 forecasting: a comprehensive comparison of advanced deep learning methods
Muhammad Usman Tariq, Shuhaida Binti Ismail
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(2):115-136.
Published online March 28, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0287
AI-powered COVID-19 forecasting: a comprehensive comparison of advanced deep learning methods
Objectives
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to pose significant challenges to the public health sector, including that of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The objective of this study was to assess the efficiency and accuracy of various deep-learning models in forecasting COVID-19 cases within the UAE, thereby aiding the nation’s public health authorities in informed decision-making. Methods: This study utilized a comprehensive dataset encompassing confirmed COVID-19 cases, demographic statistics, and socioeconomic indicators. Several advanced deep learning models, including long short-term memory (LSTM), bidirectional LSTM, convolutional neural network (CNN), CNN-LSTM, multilayer perceptron, and recurrent neural network (RNN) models, were trained and evaluated. Bayesian optimization was also implemented to fine-tune these models. Results: The evaluation framework revealed that each model exhibited different levels of predictive accuracy and precision. Specifically, the RNN model outperformed the other architectures even without optimization. Comprehensive predictive and perspective analytics were conducted to scrutinize the COVID-19 dataset. Conclusion: This study transcends academic boundaries by offering critical insights that enable public health authorities in the UAE to deploy targeted data-driven interventions. The RNN model, which was identified as the most reliable and accurate for this specific context, can significantly influence public health decisions. Moreover, the broader implications of this research validate the capability of deep learning techniques in handling complex datasets, thus offering the transformative potential for predictive accuracy in the public health and healthcare sectors.

Citations

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  • Opportunities and challenges of artificial intelligence in public health: a systematic review on technological efficacy, ethical dilemmas, and governance pathways
    Qin Gao, Lin Chen, Zhenyu Huang
    Frontiers in Public Health.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Enhancing Influenza-Like Illness forecasting: An ensemble approach combining mathematical and deep learning models amidst the COVID-19 pandemic
    Ganghyun Yoon, Amanda Bleichrodt, Gerardo Chowell, Sunmi Lee
    Epidemics.2026; 54: 100901.     CrossRef
  • Artificial Intelligence during a Public Health Crisis: A Trend Analysis of COVID-19 Research
    Sunghye Choi, Chang Kil Lee, Dohyeong Kim
    Journal of Environmental Health Sciences.2025; 51(3): 109.     CrossRef
  • Detecting outbreaks using a spatial latent field
    Cosmin Safta, Jaideep Ray, Wyatt Bridgman, Yoo Min Park
    PLOS One.2025; 20(7): e0328770.     CrossRef
  • Wastewater as an early indicator for short-term forecasting COVID-19 hospitalization in Germany
    Jonas Radermacher, Steffen Thiel, Aimo Kannt, Holger Fröhlich
    BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Potential impacts of socio-economic changes on urban acoustic environment: evidence from 20 cities in Southern China
    Ping Lu, Kai Yuan Zhan, Wei Zhen Xu, Wei Ren, Jiang Liu, Xin-Chen Hong
    Environment, Development and Sustainability.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Bridging statistics and deep learning: a causal data-fusion framework for epidemic prediction
    Vasileios E. Papageorgiou, Georgios Petmezas, Aristeidis Georgakis, Nicos Maglaveras, George Tsaklidis
    Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Comp.2025; : 1.     CrossRef
  • 11,148 View
  • 181 Download
  • 7 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Living arrangements and metabolic syndrome: a national cross-sectional study in the Republic of Korea
Junghyun Kim, Aeree Sohn
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(1):77-82.
Published online September 20, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0036
Living arrangements and metabolic syndrome: a national cross-sectional study in the Republic of Korea
Objectives
This study investigated the relationship between living arrangements and metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk in the adult population in the Republic of Korea. Methods: The samples were derived from the data collected during the second year of the seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The study targeted a total of 6,265 adults who were aged 20 years and above, and multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted. Living arrangements were classified into 4 categories: single-person households, 1-generation households, 2-generation households, and other family types. MetS was identified by the presence of at least 3 out of the 5 National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Results: For men, the odds ratio (ORs) for MetS in 1- and 2-generation households, compared to single-person households, were 0.92 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55–1.54) and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.58–1.62), respectively. The OR for other types of households was 0.96 (95% CI, 0.79–1.17). For women, the OR for MetS in 1- and 2-generation households, compared to single-person households, were 1.52 (95% CI, 1.15–2.01) and 1.29 (95% CI, 1.01–1.67), respectively. Conclusion: Our study suggests that a national strategy involving tailored interventions for women living in high-risk conditions is necessary to reduce the risk of MetS in Korean women.
  • 4,695 View
  • 113 Download
The impact of digital literacy on older adults’ self-rated health, depression, and life satisfaction: a cross-sectional study using 2023 National Survey of Older Koreans
Objectives
This study examined the associations between digital literacy and self-rated health (SRH), depression, and life satisfaction among older adults in the Republic of Korea.
Methods
Data were obtained from the 2023 National Survey of Older Koreans (n=9,951). Digital literacy was evaluated based on participants’ ability to use 8 smartphone functions and their perceived difficulty adapting to a digital society. Dependent variables included SRH, depression (measured using the short form of Geriatric Depression Scale), and life satisfaction (assessed through a composite score across 7 domains). Multiple logistic regression was applied for SRH and depression, while linear regression was conducted for life satisfaction, adjusting for sociodemographic and health-related covariates.
Results
Higher digital literacy was significantly associated with better SRH and greater life satisfaction. Compared to participants with no digital skills, those with moderate or high digital literacy had higher odds of reporting good SRH and significantly higher life satisfaction scores. Older adults who reported difficulty adapting to a digital society demonstrated significantly lower SRH and life satisfaction. However, after adjusting for covariates, the association between digital literacy and depression was not statistically significant.
Conclusion
Higher digital literacy is linked to better SRH and greater life satisfaction. Moreover, digital literacy reduced the explanatory power of socioeconomic variables, suggesting that it serves as an important behavioral determinant. These findings underscore the importance of promoting digital literacy as a means of improving health equity and well-being in aging populations.

Citations

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  • The Effect of Digital Literacy on Depression Among Older Adults With Chronic Diseases: The Moderating Role of Self-Rated Health
    Hyein Seo, Subin Yu
    The International Journal of Aging and Human Devel.2026; 103(4): 480.     CrossRef
  • Digital device use and disparities in health literacy among older adults
    Heeran Chun, Cheong-Seok Kim, Il-Ho Kim
    Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2026; 43(2): 87.     CrossRef
  • Impact of an Interaction-Oriented, Information and Communication Technology-Based Community Care Service on Nutritional Status and Dietary Behavior of Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Quasi-Experimental Study
    Seojin Yun, Seulgi Lee, Eun Young Lee, Kirang Kim
    Preventive Nutrition and Food Science.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Predicting longitudinal depressive symptom trajectories among older Chinese adults with chronic health conditions: An interpretable machine learning study
    Zhan Yu, Anao Zhang, Kaipeng Wang, Qiuling An, Meiyan Chen, Yuting Wang, Zeqiang Wang
    International Psychogeriatrics.2026; : 100270.     CrossRef
  • Sustaining Social Connection in a Super-Aged Society: Changes in the Association Between Social Ties and Life Satisfaction Among Korean Older Adults, 2011–2023
    Seonmi Choi, Junghyun Kim
    Sustainability.2026; 18(18): 9449.     CrossRef
  • Digital Ageism and Ageism Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults and the Mediating Role of Expectations Regarding Aging: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Gahye Kim, Aeri Jung
    Research in Community and Public Health Nursing.2026; 37: 403.     CrossRef
  • Disaggregating Digital Competence: Social Activity Participation and Depressive Symptoms Among Korean Older Adults
    Young-Mi Jung, NakHyeok Choi
    Behavioral Sciences.2026; 16(10): 1742.     CrossRef
  • The impact of digitalisation on the development of physical activity of older people (through the example of European Union countries)
    Zhaxat Kenzhin, Tursynzada Kuangaliyeva, Assem Aitkaliyeva, Yerbol Myrzabossynov, Aigerim Zhunussova, Odiljon Dadabayev
    Frontiers in Public Health.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 3,977 View
  • 172 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Editorial

Resilient public health in a changing world: as threats expand and prevention retreats
Jong-Koo Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(4):287-289.
Published online August 25, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2026.0615
  • 1,009 View
  • 27 Download

Review Article

Predictors of outcomes 3 to 12 months after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Younes Iderdar, Maryem Arraji, Nadia Al Wachami, Morad Guennouni, Karima Boumendil, Yassmine Mourajid, Noureddine Elkhoudri, Elmadani Saad, Mohamed Chahboune
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(1):3-17.
Published online February 5, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0288
Predictors of outcomes 3 to 12 months after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis
The exact factors predicting outcomes following traumatic brain injury (TBI) remain elusive. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we examined factors influencing outcomes in adult patients with TBI, from 3 months to 1 year after injury. A search of four electronic databases—PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect—yielded 29 studies for review and 16 for meta-analysis, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. In patients with TBI of any severity, mean differences were observed in age (8.72 years; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.77–12.66 years), lymphocyte count (−0.15 109/L; 95% CI, −0.18 to −0.11), glucose levels (1.20 mmol/L; 95% CI, 0.73–1.68), and haemoglobin levels (−0.91 g/dL; 95% CI, −1.49 to −0.33) between those with favourable and unfavourable outcomes. The prevalence rates of unfavourable outcomes were as follows: abnormal cisterns, 65.7%; intracranial pressure above 20 mmHg, 52.9%; midline shift of 5 mm or more, 63%; hypotension, 71%; hypoxia, 86.8%; blood transfusion, 70.3%; and mechanical ventilation, 90%. Several predictors were strongly associated with outcome. Specifically, age, lymphocyte count, glucose level, haemoglobin level, severity of TBI, pupillary reaction, and type of injury were identified as potential predictors of long-term outcomes.

Citations

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  • Premorbid physical activity and recovery following an isolated acute traumatic brain injury: an exploratory study
    Naomie Maltais, Elaine de Guise, Maude Laguë-Beauvais, Laurence Trépanier, Jehane H. Dagher
    Global Neurological Insights.2026; 1(1): 100003.     CrossRef
  • Association Between Sex and Mortality After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Elise Beijer, Floor J. Mansvelder, Romein W. G. Dujardin, Nicole P. Juffermans, Linda J. Schoonmade, Leo M. G. Geeraedts, Frank W. Bloemers, Charissa E. van den Brom, Patrick Schober
    Neurocritical Care.2026; 45(1): 395.     CrossRef
  • The severity of traumatic brain injury impacts the response to non-pharmacological treatment for post-traumatic amnesia: A retrospective observational study
    Èlia Vilageliu-Jordà, Antonia Enseñat-Cantallops, Alberto García-Molina
    Applied Neuropsychology: Adult.2026; : 1.     CrossRef
  • Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality in Traumatic Acute Subdural Hematoma: The Role of Admission International Normalized Ratio, Imaging Parameters and Neurological Severity
    Serban Iancu Papacocea, Miruna Ioana Lazăr, Romica Cergan, Ioana Anca Badarau, Toma Marius Papacocea
    Biomedicines.2026; 14(6): 1388.     CrossRef
  • A Systematic Review of Clinical Outcome Trajectories from 3 to 12 Months Following Mild or Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury
    Carl Marincowitz, Fiona Lecky, Abdullah Pandor, Ruth Wong, Thomas Shanahan, Michael Tonkins, Rajiv Singh, James Piercy, Andrew Maas, Lindsay Wilson
    Journal of Neurotrauma.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Distinct Five-Year Latent Class Trajectories and Predictors of Functional Cognitive Independence Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A TBI Model Systems Study
    Evan D. Feigel, Charlotte B. Luster, Chris W. Lewis, Brenna Finegan, Michael J. Mastrodicasa, Maëlle-Marie Troadec, David Guo, Ben Olsen, Ignacio Fuentes, Joseph T. Giacino, Regina Barzilay, Daniel H. Daneshvar
    Neurotrauma Reports.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Traumatic Brain Injury and Artificial Intelligence: Shaping the Future of Neurorehabilitation—A Review
    Seun Orenuga, Philip Jordache, Daniel Mirzai, Tyler Monteros, Ernesto Gonzalez, Ahmed Madkoor, Rahim Hirani, Raj K. Tiwari, Mill Etienne
    Life.2025; 15(3): 424.     CrossRef
  • 10,574 View
  • 294 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Original Articles

The association between living arrangements and health-related quality of life in Korean older people: a nationwide repeated cross-sectional study
Eunok Park, Philip Larkin, Zee-A Han
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(3):221-228.
Published online May 23, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0273
The association between living arrangements and health-related quality of life in Korean older people: a nationwide repeated cross-sectional study
Objectives
This study investigated the association between living arrangements and healthrelated quality of life (HRQoL) in older people. Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted of 6,153 participants (aged ≥60 years) from the seventh Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016 to 2018). HRQoL was measured using the 3-level version of the EuroQol 5-dimensional questionnaire. The chi-square test, t-test, and multiple regression were used, applying sampling weights for the analysis. Results: The proportion of respondents living alone was 18.0%, with a higher prevalence among women and older age groups (p<0.001). The overall HRQoL was lower in groups living alone than in groups living with others (p<0.001). Older people living alone showed higher impairments in all dimensions of the 3-level version of the European Quality of Life 5-Dimensional Questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L) than those living with others, including mobility (p<0.001), self-care (p<0.001), usual activities (p<0.001), pain/discomfort (p<0.001), and depression/anxiety (p<0.001). Problems with mobility were most prevalent (42.8%), followed by pain/ discomfort (41.9%) in respondents living alone. Living alone was significantly associated with a lower HRQoL index score (b=–0.048, p<0.001) after adjusting for age, gender, education, exercise, perceived stress, and perceived health status. Conclusion: Living alone was negatively associated with HRQoL. Based on this study, future care planning for older people should consider their living arrangements. The need to strengthen and expand care programs targeting those living alone should also be addressed.

Citations

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  • Quality of life in later years: A comprehensive review of elderly well-being in India
    Sandhya Bharathi Shanmugasundaram, Pitchaimani Govindharaj, Srihari Ramamoorthy, Vijayalakshmi Purusothaman
    International Journal of Noncommunicable Diseases.2026; 11(2): 82.     CrossRef
  • Factors Related to Quality of Life Among Older Adults with Family Care Vulnerability in Semi-Urban Areas of Thailand
    Arun Boonsang, Laksanee Boonkhao, Nittaya Chakhamrun, Aree Butsorn, Sanga Tubtimhin, Pongsak Rattanachaikunsopon, Sanguansin Ratanalert
    Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare.2026; Volume 19: 1.     CrossRef
  • Occupational Balance, Quality of Life, and Recovery Among Older Mental Health Service Users—A Cross-Sectional Study
    Carina Tordai, Steven M. Schmidt, Elisabeth Argentzell, Mona Eklund
    Occupational Therapy In Health Care.2026; : 1.     CrossRef
  • Association between health-related quality of life and noncommunicable diseases in South Korea
    Seungjae Byun, Kyeongeun Kim, Min Seong Kim, Guillaume Fond, Laurent Boyer, Guillermo F. López Sánchez, Jiseung Kang, Dong Keon Yon
    Medicine.2026; 105(37): e50564.     CrossRef
  • Preventing depression in older adults with chronic illnesses through the SMART Elderly Program: a quasi-experimental study in Central Thailand
    Phongsakorn Toopboochakorn, Nanthawan Nilpayak, Phornphimon Hotarat, Wanida Jaroensuk, Phannathat Tanthanapanyakorn
    Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2026; 47(5): 405.     CrossRef
  • Convergent validity, reliability and responsiveness of the AP-7D and EQ-5D-5L based on the survey for the general people in five countries: a new cultural-specific preference-based measure developed in east and southeast asia
    Yuta Suzuki, Takeru Shiroiwa, Tatsunori Murata, Emi Kamono, Yasuhiro Morii, Takashi Fukuda
    Health and Quality of Life Outcomes.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 5,107 View
  • 115 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Immunoinformatics approach for design novel multi-epitope prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine based on capsid proteins L1 and L2 and oncoproteins E6 and E7 of human papillomavirus 16 and human papillomavirus 18 against cervical cancer
Nicholas Ryan, Sari Eka Pratiwi, Mardhia Mardhia, Ysrafil Ysrafil, Delima Fajar Liana, Mahyarudin Mahyarudin
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(4):307-328.
Published online July 23, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0013
Immunoinformatics approach for design novel multi-epitope prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine based on capsid proteins L1 and L2 and oncoproteins E6 and E7 of human papillomavirus 16 and human papillomavirus 18 against cervical cancer
Objectives
This study aimed to identify the optimal protein construction for designing a multi-epitope vaccine with both prophylactic and therapeutic effects against cervical cancer, utilizing an immunoinformatics approach. The construction process involved using capsid epitopes L1 and L2, as well as oncoproteins E5, E6, and E7 from human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18.
Methods
An experimental in silico analysis with an immunoinformatics approach was used to develop 2 multi-epitope vaccine constructs (A and B). Further analysis was then conducted to compare the constructs and select the one with the highest potential against cervical cancer.
Results
This study produced 2 antigenic, non-allergenic, and nontoxic multi-epitope vaccine constructs (A and B), which exhibited the ideal physicochemical properties for a vaccine. Further analysis revealed that construct B effectively induced both cellular and humoral immune responses.
Conclusion
The multi-epitope vaccine construct B for HPV 16 and 18, designed for both prophylactic and therapeutic purposes, met the development criteria for a cervical cancer vaccine. However, these findings need to be validated through in vitro and in vivo experiments.

Citations

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  • In-silico design and evaluation of a novel mRNA vaccine against human bocavirus 1: A neglected viral pathogen
    Aleeza Rubab, Asifa Sarfraz, Muhammad Umer Khan, Khaled Fahmi Fawy, Mohibullah Shah
    Computers in Biology and Medicine.2026; 200: 111344.     CrossRef
  • Design of a Multi‐Epitope Vaccine Targeting α‐Synuclein for Parkinson's Disease Using Immunoinformatics Tools
    Tatiane Batista dos Santos, Helena de Almeida Cerqueira Kodel, Geniana da Silva Gomes, Tatiane de Oliveira Xavier Machado, Dalton Ferreira Matos, Rafael Junqueira Borges, Daniela Droppa‐Almeida, Margarete Zanardo Gomes
    Peptide Science.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • In-silico design of a multi-epitope vaccine candidate against Strongyloides stercoralis
    Yanick Aqua Stong Tangan, G. Takop Nchanji, Eric Ndumu, Abey Blessings Ayuk, Kongnyu Brandon Ngala, Melvis Berinyuy Dulandzev, Ntang Emmaculate Yaah, Lahngong Methodius Shinyuy, Cabirou Mounchili Shintouo, Bernis Neneyoh Yengo, Andreen Egbe Enowkpen, Mary
    BMC Infectious Diseases.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The current landscape of therapeutic vaccination approaches for treatment of HPV-dependent malignancies
    Johanne Audouze-Chaud, Ann-Katrin Schlosser, Angelika B. Riemer
    npj Vaccines.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Design of Multi‐Epitope DIVA‐Compatible Vaccine Candidate Against Canine Parvovirus 2
    Shubham Sharma, Pratishtha Sharma, Ravindra Pal Mandar, Ram Kumar, Ashok Gaur, Mamta Gurjar, Rajesh Singathia, Braj Nandan Shringi, Sunita Choudhary, Amit Kumar Pandey
    Journal of Molecular Recognition.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A bioinformatics pipeline for the design of a SART3-targeted cancer vaccine with enhanced immunogenicity
    Zeynab Bayat, Faezeh Mahdian-Khoo, Lida Samie, Amir Taherkhani
    Genomics & Informatics.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Computational design of a novel chimeric multi-epitope vaccine against chlamydia trachomatis serovar a to prevent trachoma
    Muhammad Irsyad Amien, Bimanda Rizki Nurhidayat, Siti Ulfatur Rizqa, Siti Zahra Arfiani, Latiefah Noer Widiastuti, Galuh Prasasti Isbach
    Brazilian Journal of Microbiology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Computationally guided multi-epitope vaccine design targeting oncoprotein BZLF1, EBNA1, LMP1, and LMP2 for of EBV associated gastric cancer
    Elvin Delonio, Ysrafil Ysrafil, Herlina Eka Shinta, Sari Eka Pratiwi
    Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Immunoinformatics Approach to Develop a Novel Chimeric L1/L2 Messenger RNA-based Vaccine Targeting a Broad Spectrum of Human Papillomavirus Species
    Nshimiyimana Sylvere, James Kimotho, Caroline Wangari Ngugi
    World's Veterinary Journal.2025; 15(2): 341.     CrossRef
  • Multi-epitope vaccine construct against Staphylococcus aureus : insights from immunoinformatics and molecular dynamics simulations
    K. Nachammai, P. Sangavi, K. Abishek, K. Langeswaran
    SAR and QSAR in Environmental Research.2025; 36(9): 795.     CrossRef
  • Designing a Multi-Epitope Vaccine Against HPV 16, 18, 33, and 45 Targeting L1 and E7 Proteins: An Immunoinformatics Approach for Cervical Cancer Prevention and Therapy
    Md. Touki Tahamid Tusar, Niamul Haq, Hafizur Rahman Gazi, Raduyan Farazi, Mamun Bhuya, Md. Enamul Haque, Md. Golzar Hossain, Abdullah-Al-Jubayer
    Bioinformatics and Biology Insights.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Modulation of epithelial homeostasis by HPV using Notch and Wnt
    June See Chong, John Doorbar
    Tumour Virus Research.2024; 18: 200297.     CrossRef
  • 8,051 View
  • 202 Download
  • 9 Web of Science
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Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission during a movie theater outbreak in Incheon in the Republic of Korea, November 2021: a retrospective study
Hye Young Lee, Young-Joon Park, Sang-Eun Lee, Han-Na Yoo, Il-Hwan Kim, Jin Sun No, Eun-Jin Kim, Jungyeon Yu, Sanghwan Bae, Mi Yu
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(1):45-55.
Published online January 31, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0269
Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission during a movie theater outbreak in Incheon in the Republic of Korea, November 2021: a retrospective study
Objectives
We examined factors contributing to the transmission of an acute respiratory virus within multi-use facilities, focusing on an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a movie theater in the Republic of Korea. Methods: This retrospective cohort study involved a descriptive analysis of 48 confirmed cases. Logistic regression was applied to a cohort of 80 theater attendees to identify risk factors for infection. The infection source and transmission route were determined through gene sequencing data analysis. Results: Of the 48 confirmed cases, 35 were theater attendees (72.9%), 10 were family members of attendees (20.8%), 2 were friends (4.2%), and 1 was an employee (2.1%). Among the 80 individuals who attended the 3rd to 5th screenings of the day, 35 became infected, representing a 43.8% attack rate. Specifically, 28 of the 33 third-screening attendees developed confirmed SARSCoV-2, constituting an 84.8% attack rate. Furthermore, 11 of the 12 cases epidemiologically linked to the theater outbreak were clustered monophyletically within the AY.69 lineage. At the time of the screening, 35 individuals (72.9%) had received 2 vaccine doses. However, vaccination status did not significantly influence infection risk. Multivariate analysis revealed that close contacts had a 15.9-fold higher risk of infection (95% confidence interval, 4.37–78.39) than casual contacts. Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 transmission occurred within the theater, and extended into the community, via a moviegoer who attended the 3rd screening during the viral incubation period after contracting the virus from a family member. This study emphasizes the importance of adequate ventilation in theaters.

Citations

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  • Indoor air quality (IAQ) and ventilation efficiency in after-school educational centers in Athens during the post-COVID-19 era
    Constantinos Karamalis, Georgia Maria Markopoulou, Marianna Foteini Dafni, Georgia Kyriakopoulou, Theodora Skreka, Sofia Giannakopoulou, Constantinos Delezos
    Journal of Public Health.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 18,599 View
  • 418 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities as predictors of severe dengue in Vietnamese adults: a retrospective study, 2022–2024
Thang Nhu Doan, Duc Minh Cap
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(2):136-144.
Published online March 19, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0316
Metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities as predictors of severe dengue in Vietnamese adults: a retrospective study, 2022–2024
Objectives
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of severe dengue and examine the associations between pre-existing comorbidities and disease severity.
Methods
This retrospective study examined patients with dengue fever who received inpatient treatment at a hospital in northern Vietnam between January 1, 2022, and December 30, 2024. Patients were categorized into 2 groups—severe dengue and non-severe dengue—based on the 2009 World Health Organization criteria. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess factors associated with severe dengue.
Results
Among 3,692 patients, the prevalence of severe dengue was 1.5%. Patients with any pre-existing comorbidity had higher odds of severe dengue compared to those without comorbidities (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20–3.53). Having 2 or more comorbidities was also associated with higher odds of severe dengue (aOR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.18–4.33). Among individual conditions, hyperlipidemia was associated with severe dengue (aOR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.17–4.81). Certain combinations of comorbidities, including hypertension with hyperlipidemia (aOR, 2.88; 95% CI, 1.39–5.97), hypertension with cardiac disease (aOR, 4.39; 95% CI, 1.30–14.79), and hyperlipidemia with cardiac disease (aOR, 4.02; 95% CI, 1.19–13.53), were also associated with higher odds of severe dengue.
Conclusion
Pre-existing comorbidities, particularly cardiometabolic conditions, were associated with higher odds of severe dengue. Considering comorbidity profiles at hospital admission may help identify patients who require closer clinical monitoring.
  • 2,639 View
  • 96 Download

Review Article

Effect of cognitive behavior therapy on abstinence among healthy smokers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Rajesh Kumar, Priyanka Malhotra, Vishwas AS, Kalpana Beniwal, Gopal Singh Charan
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(3):223-235.
Published online June 9, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0019
Effect of cognitive behavior therapy on abstinence among healthy smokers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Objectives
The objectives of this review and meta-analysis were twofold: first, to critically evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based interventions relative to standard care or control conditions in promoting smoking abstinence at the end of treatment, and second, to determine abstinence rates at 3 and 6 months of follow-up.
Methods
A comprehensive search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov, was conducted for randomized controlled trials published from 2001 to September 2024. Studies evaluating the effect of CBT on abstinence rates among healthy smokers (aged ≥12 years) were included and analyzed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.
Results
Out of 1,514 study records screened, 7 studies (comprising 17 arms and 1,438 participants) met eligibility criteria for inclusion in the final analysis. The pooled analysis revealed that CBT significantly improved smoking abstinence rates, demonstrating a fourfold increase in effectiveness compared to controls (odds ratio [OR], 4.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.73–5.99; I2=19%; p<0.00001). Additionally, CBT significantly impacted smoking cessation at 3-month follow-up (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.11–2.38; I2=0%; p=0.01) and 6-month follow-up (OR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.59–3.00; I2=0%; p<0.00001).
Conclusion
CBT has demonstrated efficacy in facilitating smoking abstinence, particularly immediately after treatment, with sustained but diminished effects over time. However, robust conclusions on the efficacy of CBT require further studies involving larger sample sizes, diverse geographical regions, and longer follow-up periods.

Citations

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  • The Development and Implementation of a Multimodal Preoperative-specific Smoking Cessation Project
    Mary Ann Z. de Vera, Rashmi J. Patel, Andrea H. Kline-Simon, Felicia W. Chi, Kelly C. Young-Wolff
    Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing.2026; 41(3): 564.     CrossRef
  • Effectiveness of Workplace-Based Tobacco Awareness Interventions on Quit Readiness Among Bus Drivers: A Randomized Comparative Pilot Trial
    Gagan Raj, Ankita Jain
    Cureus.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Protocol for a randomized controlled trial of a cognitive-behavioral therapy–based smoking cessation intervention in incarcerated individuals: The PRISANTABAC Study
    Mélanie Rome, Xavier Laqueille, Carine Meslot, Katia Illel, Delphine Bourdeau, Lucia Romo
    Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications.2026; 51: 101643.     CrossRef
  • 7,223 View
  • 191 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Original Article

Novel prophylactic and therapeutic multi-epitope vaccine based on Ag85A, Ag85B, ESAT-6, and CFP-10 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using an immunoinformatics approach
Muhammad Fikri Nugraha, Daniel Alexander Changestu, Rizky Ramadhan, Tasya Salsabila, Arsila Nurizati, Sari Eka Pratiwi, Ysrafil Ysrafil
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(4):286-306.
Published online July 26, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0026
Novel prophylactic and therapeutic multi-epitope vaccine based on Ag85A, Ag85B, ESAT-6, and CFP-10 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using an immunoinformatics approach
Objectives
Current tuberculosis (TB) control strategies face limitations, such as low antibiotic treatment compliance and a rise in multidrug resistance. Furthermore, the lack of a safe and effective vaccine compounds these challenges. The limited efficacy of existing vaccines against TB underscores the urgency for innovative strategies, such as immunoinformatics. Consequently, this study aimed to design a targeted multi-epitope vaccine against TB infection utilizing an immunoinformatics approach.
Methods
The multi-epitope vaccine targeted Ag85A, Ag85B, ESAT-6, and CFP-10 proteins. The design adopted various immunoinformatics tools for cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), helper T lymphocyte (HTL), and linear B lymphocyte (LBL) epitope prediction, the assessment of vaccine characteristics, structure modeling, population coverage analysis, disulfide engineering, solubility prediction, molecular docking/dynamics with toll-like receptors (TLRs), codon optimization/cloning, and immune simulation.
Results
The multi-epitope vaccine, which was assembled using 12 CTL, 25 HTL, and 21 LBL epitopes associated with CpG adjuvants, showed promising characteristics. The immunoinformatics analysis confirmed the antigenicity, immunogenicity, and lack of allergenicity. Physicochemical evaluations indicated that the proteins were stable, thermostable, hydrophilic, and highly soluble. Docking simulations suggested high-affinity binding to TLRs, including TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9. In silico immune simulation predicted strong T cell (cytokine release) and B cell (immunoglobulin release) responses.
Conclusion
This immunoinformatics-designed multi-epitope vaccine targeting Ag85A, Ag85B, ESAT-6, and CFP-10 proteins showed promising characteristics in terms of stability, immunogenicity, antigenicity, solubility, and predicted induction of humoral and adaptive immune responses. This suggests its potential as a prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine against TB.

Citations

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  • Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a comprehensive review of pathogenesis, drug resistance, current treatment and future prospects
    Shweta Tiwari, Ankit Kumar Singh, Aarshu Acharya, Joyabroto Ghosh, Rashmi Prabha Singh
    Archives of Microbiology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Genome-Guided Mining and Integrated in Silico Approach Uncover Potential of Streptomyces Secondary Metabolites as Multi-Target Agents Against Candida albicans Biofilm Formation
    Ismail Ismail, Sylvia Utami Tunjung Pratiwi, Ema Damayanti, Jaka Widada, Ysrafil Ysrafil, Syamsu Nur, Abdul Halim Umar, Ira Handayani, Shanti Ratnakomala
    Network Modeling Analysis in Health Informatics an.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Domain arrangement–driven immunogenicity of a computationally designed mRNA vaccine targeting PPE68, IrtA, and PE9 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
    Theerawat Dobutr, Elena Stylianou, Helen McShane, Nawamin Pinpathomrat
    Scientific Reports.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • In silico framework for designing and validating a multi-stage subunit vaccine against Tuberculosis using reverse vaccinology approach
    Ayesha Liaqat, Kubra Dastgir, Muhammad Sajjad, Hafiz Muzzammel Rehman, Muhammad Waheed Akhtar, Masoud Foroutan
    PLOS One.2026; 21(8): e0356788.     CrossRef
  • Computationally guided multi-epitope vaccine design targeting oncoprotein BZLF1, EBNA1, LMP1, and LMP2 for of EBV associated gastric cancer
    Elvin Delonio, Ysrafil Ysrafil, Herlina Eka Shinta, Sari Eka Pratiwi
    Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Antigen 85B of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: From Immunodominant Antigen to Vaccine Candidate
    Vivek Chauhan, Gaytri Mahajan, Rakesh Kumar, Shrikanth S. Gadad, Subhash C. Chauhan, Chinnaswamy Jagannath, Subramanian Dhandayuthapani
    Vaccines.2026; 14(9): 811.     CrossRef
  • Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant BCG expressing a multi-epitope vaccine against mycobacterium tuberculosis
    Xuan-ji Zhang, Jia-rui Luo, Ting-ting Tian, Juan Shi, Zheng-long Chai, Chuang Li, Si-yu Zhang, Tao Qu, Feng-bo Zhang, Yue-jie Zhu
    Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Computational systems immunology and multi-scale modeling for the design of a Multi-Epitope Vaccine (MEV) against emerging multidrug-resistant Klebsiella michiganensis
    Rasha Assad Assiri, Fayez M. Saleh, Sher Muhammad, Emmanuel O. Fenibo, Tonderayi Matambo
    International Microbiology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • In Silico Targeting and Immunological Profiling of PpiA in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Computational Approach
    Mohammad J. Nasiri, Lily Rogowski, Vishwanath Venketaraman
    Pathogens.2025; 14(4): 370.     CrossRef
  • New Advances in the Development and Design of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Vaccines: Construction and Validation of Multi-Epitope Vaccines for Tuberculosis Prevention
    Osnat Barazani, Thomas Erdos, Raafi Chowdhury, Gursimratpreet Kaur, Vishwanath Venketaraman
    Biology.2025; 14(4): 417.     CrossRef
  • In-silico epitope-based vaccines design: progress, challenges and the road ahead
    Federica Cernuto, Avisa Maleki, Giulia Russo, Valentina Di Salvatore, Francesco Pappalardo
    Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery.2025; 20(12): 1701.     CrossRef
  • Design of multi-epitope-based therapeutic vaccine candidates from HBc and HBx proteins of hepatitis B virus using reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics approaches
    Patricia Gita Naully, Marselina Irasonia Tan, Husna Nugrahapraja, Aluicia Anita Artarini, Reza Aditama, Ernawati Arifin Giri-Rachman, Sheikh Arslan Sehgal
    PLOS ONE.2024; 19(12): e0313269.     CrossRef
  • 8,020 View
  • 194 Download
  • 12 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Review Article

Evidence for a perinatal origin of childhood obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of risk and protective factors
Andi Rispah Sulistianingsih, Nurjazuli Nurjazuli, Martha Irene Kartasurya, Syamsulhuda Budi Musthofa, Jauhari Oka Reuwpassa
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(2):114-135.
Published online March 27, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0351
Evidence for a perinatal origin of childhood obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of risk and protective factors
Objectives
This systematic review aimed to identify perinatal risk factors associated with obesity in children aged ≤5 years.
Methods
This studyfollowed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Medline (via PubMed), Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched from inception, without language or date restrictions. In addition, gray literature sources, including LILACS and CNKI, were screened for comprehensive evidence synthesis. Meta-analyses were conducted to estimate pooled risk ratios. Study quality was independently assessed by 2 reviewers using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool.
Results
A total of 24,643 articles were screened, and 39 cohort studies were included in the final analysis. Sample sizes ranged from 169 to 333,353 participants. Meta-analysis results indicated that high gestational weight gain (adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17–1.82), history of cesarean section (aRR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.17–1.33), macrosomia (aRR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.55–2.27), antibiotic use (aRR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.14–1.51), pre-pregnancy obesity (aRR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.21–2.73), and female sex (aRR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.32–1.61) were associated with an increased risk of obesity in children aged ≤5 years. Exclusive breastfeeding (aRR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.64–0.85) was identified as a protective factor..
Conclusion
Perinatal factors and pre-pregnancy obesity played important roles in increasing the risk of obesity in children aged ≤5 years. Breastfeeding was associated with a protective effect against childhood obesity. Therefore, obesity prevention efforts should begin during pregnancy, and maintaining appropriate maternal weight before conception is equally essential.

Citations

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  • Multi-class urinary antibiotic exposure, dietary sources, and childhood overweight and obesity risk through lipid metabolic disruption: evidence from multicenter cohorts in China
    Xinli Song, Jieyu Liu, Li Chen, Yi Zhang, Ruolin Wang, Jianuo Jiang, Lan Zhang, Yanle Xiong, Jingyang Su, Ziqi Dong, Yang Qin, Dengcheng Zhang, Zhenting Lu, Zhiying Song, Jinghong Liang, Jun Ma, Yanhui Dong
    Environmental Pollution.2026; 408: 128907.     CrossRef
  • 2,706 View
  • 104 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Original Article

Drug use intentions among young adults in the Republic of Korea: a cross-sectional study applying the extended theory of planned behavior with emphasis on impulsive behavior and sensation seeking
Objectives
The increasing prevalence of drug use in the Republic of Korea has emerged as a significant social concern. This study applied the extended theory of planned behavior to investigate the factors influencing intentions to use drugs among young adults (aged 20–30 years) in the Republic of Korea. The study integrated personal traits—specifically, impulsivity, sensation seeking, and self-efficacy—into 2 core theory of planned behavior constructs: attitudes and subjective norms. The principal aim was to improve the prediction of drug use intentions by incorporating these variables. Methods: Data were obtained from the 2023 National Survey of Drug Harm Perception, which sampled 1,500 individuals aged 19 to 39 years. Hierarchical regression analysis was employed to assess the influence of psychological and social factors on intentions to use drugs. Results: In the primary model, age emerged as a significant predictor of drug use intentions (R2 =0.01). The secondary model showed that positive attitudes toward drugs, subjective norms, and lower self-efficacy significantly increased drug use intentions (R2 =0.23). In the final tertiary model, the addition of sensation seeking and impulsivity further amplified these intentions (R2 =0.25). Conclusion: The findings underscore the pivotal roles of attitudes, subjective norms, and selfefficacy in shaping intentions to use drugs. Sensation seeking and impulsivity were found to further elevate vulnerability. Effective prevention efforts must address both psychological traits and social influences. Future research should examine the long-term behavioral outcomes associated with these factors.

Citations

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  • Beliefs and attitudes toward substance use and associated factors among University students in Eastern Turkey
    Pınar Eryılmaz, Gulpınar Aslan, Irfan Kaplan
    Journal of Substance Use.2026; : 1.     CrossRef
  • Associations of Health Belief Model Constructs and Self-Control with Drug Avoidance Intention Among University Students in the Republic of Korea: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Jungmin Lee, Su Jung Lee
    Behavioral Sciences.2026; 16(9): 1653.     CrossRef
  • Artificial intelligence and biohealth: the Republic of Korea’s emerging priorities in health care R&D
    Jong-Koo Lee
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2025; 16(4): 309.     CrossRef
  • 3,730 View
  • 70 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Review Article

Effectiveness of non-pharmacological school-based therapies for cigarette smoking cessation among adolescents in South and Southeast Asian countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Fahad Ali Mangrio, Penpaktr Uthis, Suwimon Rojnawee, Alicia K Matthews
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(3):195-210.
Published online April 30, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0320
Effectiveness of non-pharmacological school-based therapies for cigarette smoking cessation among adolescents in South and Southeast Asian countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Objectives
This review and meta-analysis examined the effectiveness of non-pharmacological therapies delivered through school-based interventions for smoking cessation among adolescents in South and Southeast Asian countries.
Methods
A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, BioMed Central, the Cochrane Library, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global from inception to October 2024. Eligible studies comprised randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies that compared non-pharmacological smoking cessation interventions delivered in schools or other educational institutions. Data on smoking abstinence outcomes were extracted from published studies, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using a random-effects model via the Mantel-Haenszel estimator.
Results
Seven studies involving 1,260 participants were included. The meta-analysis demonstrated that non-pharmacological school-based therapies significantly increased smoking abstinence compared to controls (OR, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.83–4.40; p<0.001. Subgroup analyzes revealed benefits across both randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies with varying abstinence rates. Studies utilizing biochemical verification showed significant positive effects despite substantial heterogeneity, and short-term (<3 months) abstinence was significantly higher in intervention groups compared to controls. Overall, no differences were found between subgroups regarding intervention effectiveness.
Conclusion
This meta-analysis indicates that non-pharmacological school-based interventions positively impact smoking abstinence rates, although effectiveness may vary based on study design, follow-up duration, and use of biochemical verification. The findings underscore the need for further research with larger sample sizes, extended follow-up periods, and improved methodological rigor in these regions.

Citations

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  • Global disease burden of laryngeal cancer attributable to smoking from 1990 to 2021
    Xiao Han, Shanchun Gong, Chao Wang, Yulin Zhang, Yufei Pan, Jing Li, Kai Liu, Zhenkun Yu
    European Journal of Cancer Prevention.2026; 35(4): 291.     CrossRef
  • Adapting and Implementing a School-Based “Implementation Intentions” Program Within FRESHAIR4Life to Prevent Smoking Initiation Among Adolescents in Greece: A Study Protocol
    Izolde Bouloukaki, Antonios Christodoulakis, Sevasti Peraki, Floor A. Van Den Brand, Faraz Siddiqui, Theodoros Krasanakis, Antonia Aravantinou-Karlatou, Purva Abhyankar, Siân Williams, Julia van Koeveringe, Rianne MJJ van der Kleij, Ioanna Tsiligianni
    Healthcare.2026; 14(7): 938.     CrossRef
  • 8,622 View
  • 214 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Original Articles

A multi-city outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis infections linked to bakery products, Republic of Korea
Da Seul Kim, Soon-Young Seo, Dong Hwi Kim, Yeon Hee Woo, Deborah Lee, Se Jeong Yang, Junyoung Kim, Eunkyung Shin, Byungsun Jung, Eunmi Lee, Min Jung Lee, Young-Joon Park
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(1):61-71.
Published online February 10, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0467
A multi-city outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis infections linked to bakery products, Republic of Korea
Objectives
In May 2025, clusters of salmonellosis were identified in 7 cities in the Republic of Korea, all associated with consumption of identical bakery products. This investigation aimed to characterize the outbreak, identify potential contributing factors, and inform strategies for preventing similar multi-facility foodborne outbreaks. Methods: A case series study was conducted among individuals who consumed Manufacturer H’s Product I and Product II on May 15–16, 2025 at 7 facilities (n= 1,235). Clinical specimens from symptomatic individuals, retained food samples, and environmental samples were collected and tested. Food-exposure histories were assessed, and active case finding was implemented across all supplied facilities. Traceback investigations were conducted at the manufacturer, distributor, and egg farms. Human and food isolates underwent pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Results: A total of 323 cases met the outbreak case definition (attack rate, 26.2%), of which 48 were laboratory-confirmed. Salmonella Enteritidis was isolated from both clinical specimens and retained bakery products. PFGE patterns were indistinguishable between human and food isolates, and WGS demonstrated high genetic relatedness. These findings confirmed a common-source outbreak linked to the implicated bakery products. Conclusion: This outbreak underscores the value of integrating epidemiological investigation, active case finding, and molecular typing to identify common food vehicles in outbreaks involving widely distributed manufactured foods. Coordinated collaboration between public health and food safety authorities is essential for the effective detection, response, and prevention of multi-facility foodborne outbreaks.

Citations

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  • Salmonella Enteritidis Outbreak at a Remote Mining Camp, Omnogovi Province, Mongolia, March 2025
    Ariungerel Dashtseren, Seonghui Cho, Chiara Achangwa, Yeongseon Ko, Bryan Inho Kim, Sukhyun Ryu, Joon Sup Yeom
    Journal of Food Protection.2026; 89(11): 100923.     CrossRef
  • 2,932 View
  • 126 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • Crossref
The clonality and dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia: a retrospective analysis from 2022 to 2023
Ummu Afeera Zainulabid, Hui-min Neoh, Xiong Khee Cheong, Najma Kori, Chee Lan Lau, Sunita Sulaiman, Siti Rokiah Yusof, Nur Ayuni Ahamad Faudzi, Maliha Farah Nurhazirah Yahya, Han Ming Gan, Sharifah Azura Salleh, Petrick Periyasamy
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(3):262-271.
Published online May 7, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0493
The clonality and dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia: a retrospective analysis from 2022 to 2023
Objectives
Cases of nosocomial carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) have been increasing steadily since the 1990s. In this study, we sought to assess CRKP clonal diversity and patterns of dissemination at Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz (HCTM), a tertiary university hospital located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Methods: From January 2022 to December 2023, all CRKP isolates from HCTM were included in the investigation. Associated patient demographic data and clinical histories were retrieved from hospital records. Antibiotic susceptibility data for the collected isolates were obtained from the HCTM diagnostic laboratory. Molecular typing was performed using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) to identify genetic clusters. Based on ERIC-PCR clustering results and epidemiological investigations, selected CRKP isolates were subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to validate clonal relatedness, identify antimicrobial resistance genes, and establish phylogenomic relationships. Results: During the study period, a total of 147 CRKP isolates were recovered from various wards across HCTM. All isolates exhibited resistance to imipenem, meropenem, or ertapenem, with 124 isolates confirmed as carbapenemase producers. ERIC-PCR identified 24 genetic clusters disseminated across 23 wards within HCTM. Twelve CRKP isolates were selected for WGS based on integrated epidemiological investigation and ERIC-PCR genotyping; sequence typing revealed ST17 as the dominant circulating CRKP lineage in the intensive care unit, ward 6E, and possibly across the hospital. The carbapenemase gene bla_NDM was detected in all WGS-analyzed CRKP isolates. Conclusion: Integrating epidemiological investigation, phenotypic testing, molecular typing, and WGS is essential to understand resistance dynamics, map transmission, and guide hospital infection prevention strategies.
  • 1,680 View
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Excess mortality in older adults and cumulative excess mortality across all ages during the COVID-19 pandemic in the 20 countries with the highest mortality rates worldwide
Chiranjib Chakraborty, Manojit Bhattacharya, Sang-Soo Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(1):42-58.
Published online February 13, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0186
Excess mortality in older adults and cumulative excess mortality across all ages during the COVID-19 pandemic in the 20 countries with the highest mortality rates worldwide
Objectives
Mortality statistics during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are crucial for the allocation of medical care resources and public health decision-making. This study was initiated to investigate the excess mortality among older adults during the pandemic. Our research focuses on 2 primary areas. First, we analyzed the cumulative excess mortality across all age groups to assess the global impact and specifically examined the top 20 countries with the highest mortality rates during the pandemic. Second, we explored excess deaths among older adults by categorizing data from the years 2020 and 2021 into age groups: 65–74, 75–84, and above 85.
Methods
We analyzed data from the top 20 countries with the highest mortality rates globally, focusing on 3 components: all-cause mortality means, expected deaths mean, and excess deaths mean for both older men and women.
Results
Although excess mortality is higher among older men and women across all 3 age groups (65–74, 75–84, and >85), the highest mean excess mortality was observed in women over the age of 85.
Conclusion
The results indicate that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus had a disproportionately intense impact on older women. We developed 2 types of statistical models using the data: a binomial distribution model and a correlation coefficient model, both considering the mean excess deaths in older men and women across these 3 age groups. Estimating the excess mortality among older adults will aid in the formulation of healthcare policies for this demographic.

Citations

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  • Immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and safety to assess booster vaccinations with BNT162b2 or double-dose mRNA-1273 in adults ≥75 years (EU-COVAT-1-AGED)–final report
    Jannik Stemler, Lusine Yeghiazaryan, Christoph Stephan, Kristin Greve-Isdahl Mohn, Rebecca Jane Cox, Antonio Javier Carcas-Sansuan, Esperanza Romero Rodriguez, José Moltó, Itziar Vergara Mitxeltorena, Isabelle Pink, Tobias Welte, Birutė Zablockienė, Murat
    International Journal of Infectious Diseases.2026; 165: 108466.     CrossRef
  • Dynamics of changes in the quality of life and long-term care systems for older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic
    Vitalii Horovenko, Lenka Lachytová
    Health Problems of Civilization.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Reconstructing severe acute respiratory infection dynamics from ICD-10 hospital discharge data: a 10-year analysis of 11.2 million discharges in Ecuador, 2014–2023
    Jaime Angamarca-Iguago, Jaen Cagua-Ordónez, Juan Marcos Parise-Vasco, Natasha Bella Fuentes-Tumbaco, Mónica Escobar-Naranjo, Claudia Reytor-González, Daniel Simancas-Racines
    Frontiers in Public Health.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 9,051 View
  • 130 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Short Communication

First report of human Mycobacterium bovis infection in a veterinary laboratory worker in the Republic of Korea
Ji-Yeon Lee, Seong Wook Pyo, Jieun Kim, Young-Joon Park
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(3):292-299.
Published online April 16, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0343
First report of human Mycobacterium bovis infection in a veterinary laboratory worker in the Republic of Korea
Objectives
In the Republic of Korea, the previous surveillance system for zoonotic tuberculosis (TB) involved the X-ray testing of humans in contact with Mycobacterium bovis-infected livestock. In contrast, the updated surveillance system incorporates the genotyping of cultured Mycobacterium isolates for high-risk occupational groups. This study aimed to systematically document the detection, diagnosis, assessment, and response in the epidemic investigation of zoonotic TB in a laboratory worker in the Republic of Korea.
Methods
M. bovis was confirmed using spoligotyping and whole genome sequencing. Clinical characteristics were reviewed through epidemiological investigation and interviews with the affected individual. Transmission routes and secondary spread were assessed via field epidemiological investigations and contact evaluations using chest X-ray and interferon gamma release assay for latent TB infection.
Results
A 56-year-old laboratory worker presented with chest X-ray findings compatible with TB and subsequently tested positive for M. bovis. She had no clinical or family history of TB and remained asymptomatic. She completed a 6 month treatment regimen of isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide without hospitalization. Although no direct transmission pathways for zoonotic TB were identified, her work in a laboratory, processing specimens for zoonotic TB, indicated potential laboratory related exposure.
Conclusion
This case underscores the importance of stringent use of personal protective equipment among high-risk occupational groups and the implementation of an enhanced surveillance system to report zoonotic TB. These findings highlight the need for a One Health approach and proactive surveillance, emphasizing the necessity of refining and strengthening surveillance systems for precise monitoring and an effective response.

Citations

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  • Recombinant proteins expressed in Mycolicibacterium smegmatis enhance antibody-based detection of bovine tuberculosis
    Eomseob Jang, Kilhan Kwak, Norikazu Isoda, Kazuhiro Matsuo, Jeewan Thapa, Chie Nakajima, Yasuhiko Suzuki
    Veterinary Research.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 4,974 View
  • 199 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Review Article

The role of artificial intelligence in managing COVID-19 and long COVID: a narrative review
Bikash Kanti Sarkar, Ambuj Kumar
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(1):17-31.
Published online February 4, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0347
The role of artificial intelligence in managing COVID-19 and long COVID: a narrative review
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had an unprecedented global impact, resulting in both positive and negative consequences. The virus not only affected millions of lives worldwide but also caused long-term harm to multiple organ systems in many survivors, thereby substantially impairing quality of life. This persistent condition is now referred to as long COVID (LC). The aim of this study is to raise awareness of LC-related organ system impacts and to highlight the key role of artificial intelligence (AI) in mitigating these effects. The present research conducts a narrative review focusing on LC-related impacts. In this context, unstructured searches were conducted to identify a total of 69 relevant studies indexed in Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, or Scopus, each of which was reviewed by at least 2 experts with sufficient domain knowledge in health sciences. Based on the authors’ perspectives and insights, the review narratively examines damage to human organ systems attributable to LC and explores the role of AI in addressing LC-related challenges. Significant ethical, practical, and societal concerns arising from the extensive use of AI, particularly major issues such as data privacy and algorithmic bias, are also discussed. LC has caused lasting impacts on human organ systems, while AI is offering substantial potential for LC-related care.
  • 2,949 View
  • 98 Download

Original Articles

Design and evaluation of a multi-epitope subunit vaccine against human norovirus using an immunoinformatics approach
Zxcy L. Nonog, Edward C. Banico, Ma. Easter V. Sajo, Pablo V. Serrano, Fredmoore L. Orosco
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(3):236-251.
Published online April 25, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0349
Design and evaluation of a multi-epitope subunit vaccine against human norovirus using an immunoinformatics approach
Objectives
This study aimed to identify safe, conserved, and highly immunogenic epitopes from all proteins of human-infecting norovirus (NoV) and to design a multi-epitope subunit vaccine construct from these epitopes using an immunoinformatics approach. Additionally, the vaccine construct was evaluated using both sequence- and structure-based assessments.
Methods
Conserved fragments were identified from all proteins of human-infecting NoV, and B and T lymphocyte epitopes were subsequently predicted using multiple epitope prediction tools. The selected epitopes were linked to form a multi-epitope construct, incorporating various adjuvants in the design. Vaccine constructs with different adjuvants were analyzed for their physicochemical properties and immune simulation profiles, and the optimal combination was selected as the final vaccine candidate for further study. Finally, molecular docking and dynamics simulations were performed to visualize the interaction between the construct and a host immune receptor.
Results
Twenty-two safe, conserved, and highly immunogenic epitopes were identified from all human-infecting NoV proteins. The construct adjuvanted with 50S ribosomal protein L7/L12 (50SrpL7/L12) was chosen as the final vaccine candidate due to its optimal physicochemical properties and favorable immune simulation profile. Furthermore, the construct exhibited high binding affinity and a stable interaction with toll-like receptor 4).
Conclusion
The multi-epitope subunit vaccine designed in this study shows promise as a potential NoV vaccine candidate for human immunization. Further in vitro and in vivo experiments are warranted to validate these findings.

Citations

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  • A multi-epitope pan-betacoronavirus vaccine construct predicted to induce broad-spectrum and durable immune responses: an immunoinformatics approach
    Anabella Margareth Arapa, Trina Ekawati Tallei, Rinaldi Idroes, Fatimawali, Elly Juliana Suoth, Maghfirah Savitri, Ahmad Akroman Adam, Beivy Jonathan Kolondam, Chika Yamada, Rosy Iara Maciel de Azambuja Ribeiro, Amama Rani, Moon Nyeo Park, Youdiil Ophinn
    Frontiers in Bioinformatics.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Multi-Domain Approach for Designing of Novel Epitopes-Based Vaccine Against Chandipura Virus
    Alhanouf I. Al-Harbi, Raed Amer Ali Alsahoo, Asad Ullah, Sajjad Ahmad
    Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Immunoinformatics-based design of artificial chimeric proteins as universal vaccine candidates against foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes A, O, and SAT2
    Alyaa Elrashedy, Mohamed Nayel, Akram Salama, Ahmed Zaghawa, Mohamed E. Hasan
    Scientific Reports.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Immunoinformatics-guided design of a multi-epitope mRNA vaccine candidate against Western Equine Encephalitis virus
    Elijah Kolawole Oladipo, Boluwatife Ayobami Irewolede, Stephen Toluwanimi Gbadero, Favour Adebimpe Adebisi, Noor-Al-Hudah Nurudeen, Emmanuel Ololade Oyediran, Rukayat Romoke Tajudeen, Taiwo Dorcas Akinpelu, Christiana Iyanuoluwa Kolapo, Balqis Ajoke Adeji
    The Veterinary Journal: Pharmacology & Toxicology.2026; 1(4): 100019.     CrossRef
  • 6,108 View
  • 143 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • Crossref
The level of household food insecurity is associated with the risk of infectious diseases among toddlers in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study
Siti Masitoh, Tri Wurisastuti, Woro Riyadina, Sudarto Ronoatmodjo
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(3):261-269.
Published online June 4, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0009
The level of household food insecurity is associated with the risk of infectious diseases among toddlers in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study
Objectives
This study investigated the correlation between food insecurity and infectious diseases among toddlers in Indonesia.
Methods
This research employed a cross-sectional study design using data from the 2021 Indonesian Nutrition Status Survey, which included a sample of 84,115 toddlers. Food insecurity levels were assessed using the food insecurity experience scale, developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization. The dependent variable, infectious disease, was defined as a toddler experiencing 1 or more of the following conditions: acute respiratory infections, diarrhea, pneumonia, measles, or worms. Multivariate analysis was conducted using multiple logistic regression to determine adjusted odds ratios (ORs).
Results
The findings indicate that 23.78% of toddlers experienced at least 1 infectious disease. While more than half of the respondents were food secure, 26.5% faced mild food insecurity, 13.6% moderate food insecurity, and 6.5% severe food insecurity. Toddlers from households experiencing mild, moderate, and severe food insecurity had higher risks of infectious diseases compared to those from food-secure households, with adjusted ORs of 1.367 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.308–1.428), 1.490 (95% CI, 1.399–1.588), and 1.500 (95% CI, 1.374–1.638), respectively.
Conclusion
In conclusion, more severe food insecurity is correlated with an increased risk of toddlers suffering infectious diseases.

Citations

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  • From pantry to physiology: A narrative review linking food insecurity to biological dysfunction
    Liahm Blank, Joshua Khorsandi, Nicole Kang, Kaloyan Momchilov, Itai Blank, Kavita Batra
    Dialogues in Health.2026; 8: 100308.     CrossRef
  • Structural Equation Modelling of Socioeconomic Status on Malnutrition Among Urban Preschoolers: Multi-Group Analysis of Hungary and Indonesia
    Arie Dwi Alristina, Éva Kovács, Diyah Arini, Helga Judit Feith
    International Journal of Environmental Research an.2026; 23(7): 858.     CrossRef
  • Implementasi Gerakan Kebun Gizi Keluarga (GK2) Sebagai Upaya Ketahanan Pangan dan Gizi Keluarga di Desa Gading Watu, Kabupaten Gresik
    Noveansyah Maskur Nurgah, Dhuha Nuri Samsiyah, Shafa Dwi Candra Syahputra, Aisyah Rahmah Maulidiyah , Rambu Breathy Salwasty Ananda Tamu Rambu, Intan Adinda Putri, Nabil Habib Abdillah, Devita Astrid Renata, Nurul I.A. Cahyo Wibowo, Muchammad Bachrul Ulu
    Journal of Community Development.2026; 7(2): 1.     CrossRef
  • Prematurity and Low Birth Weight Among Food-Secure and Food-Insecure Households: A Comparative Study in Surabaya, Indonesia
    Arie Alristina, Nour Mahrouseh, Anggi Irawan, Rizky Laili, Alexandra Zimonyi-Bakó, Helga Feith
    Nutrients.2025; 17(15): 2479.     CrossRef
  • 6,919 View
  • 143 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Trends and risk factors for physical and psychological sequelae of induced abortion: a cross-sectional study of contemporary women in the Republic of Korea
Seung-Ah Choe, Juhyun Park, Eunsol Song, Eunja Park
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(6):552-559.
Published online December 9, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0266
Trends and risk factors for physical and psychological sequelae of induced abortion: a cross-sectional study of contemporary women in the Republic of Korea
Objectives
This study aimed to examine trends and factors associated with severe physical and psychological consequences following induced abortion among women in the Republic of Korea.
Methods
An online survey was conducted of adolescent and adult Korean women aged 13 to 64 years, termed the 2022 Sex and Reproductive Health Survey. Respondents who reported a history of induced abortion were analyzed. Logistic regression models that accounted for individual risk factors were fitted to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aOR).
Results
The prevalence of induced abortion was 20.1% (914 of 4,552 respondents). The most frequent indications for abortion were social reasons, and across all periods, approximately half of the women or more reported non-medical challenges at the time of their most recent abortion. Severe physical and psychological sequelae after abortion increased 5-fold from 1980–1992 to 2013–2022. Among those whose most recent abortion occurred in 2003 or later, the risk of severe psychological sequelae was higher in 2013–2022, after the Korean Constitutional Court upheld the existing criminal codes, than in 2003–2012 (aOR, 2.31; 95% confidence interval, 1.09–4.91).
Conclusion
In the absence of institutionalized safe and respectful abortion services, severe physical and psychological sequelae among women who underwent induced abortion were more likely to occur. These findings highlight the importance of safe, affordable, nondiscriminatory, and respectful abortion care.
  • 3,574 View
  • 154 Download
Review Articles
Effectiveness of virtual reality-supported exercise therapy in improving upper extremity function and activities of daily living among patients after stroke: a systematic review of randomized control trials
Objectives
This systematic review describes the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR)-supported exercise therapy on upper limb motor function and activities of daily living after stroke. Methods: Studies published through January 24, 2022, were identified using CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, and Web of Science. Randomized control trials comparing VR treatment with conventional therapy (CT) for upper extremity rehabilitation after stroke were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Results: Of 9 included studies, 5 concluded that the VR group outperformed control participants, 1 indicated the superiority of VR-supported exercises alone over CT, and 3 found VR comparable to CT in promoting upper limb motor function. Five studies analyzed independence in daily living, with 4 reporting no significant difference between VR and CT groups. No strong evidence indicated long-term benefits of VR-assisted exercise. All included studies demonstrated low risk of bias concerning random sequence generation, allocation concealment, outcome assessment blinding, incomplete outcome data, and selective reporting bias. However, a high risk of bias was observed regarding participant blinding due to the nature of the intervention. Conclusion: Most studies suggested that VR, used alongside CT, can improve motor function following stroke. However, the evidence was insufficient to conclude that VR outperforms conventional approaches.

Citations

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  • Challenges and Benefits of Virtual Reality in Home-Based Poststroke Rehabilitation: Co-Design Qualitative Study
    Trust Saidi, Ann Marie Hestetun-Mandrup, Nenad Pavel, Ingvild Kristina Hurum Rosseland, Kathinka Granum Selmer-Olsen, Nora Synnøve Mørk, Åse Bergheim, Minna Annika Pikkarainen
    JMIR Human Factors.2026; 13: e78798.     CrossRef
  • Neural correlates of virtual hand movements using ecologically valid tasks
    Silvia Erika Kober, Lisa Maria Berger, Daniela Kern, Guilherme Wood, Petra Schwingenschuh
    Frontiers in Virtual Reality.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Artificial Intelligence in Stroke Rehabilitation: A 20‐Year Bibliometric Analysis of Digital Health Trends and Technologies
    Yuhua Li, Weixi Liu, Xiaomei Yuan
    Brain and Behavior.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Promoting adapted physical activity through immersive virtual reality: a feasibility study in community organizations
    Aurélien Ramos, Sarah-Maude Ruest, Roxanne Périnet-Lacroix, Julien Marceaux, Keith Beaudoin, Danielle Levac, Martin Lemay, Marika Demers, Hubert D. Gascon, Martine Bordeleau, Krista L. Best, Maxime T. Robert
    Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Kinesiotherapy in medical rehabilitation and prevention of non-communicable diseases: the role of biofeedback, neuroplasticity, virtual reality and exoskeletons
    K. Korbel, A. Chalupka-Borowska, B. Depczyńska, A. Madziewicz, A. Bilska, A. Bartkowiak-Graczyk
    Fizjoterapia Polska.2026; 26(2/2026): 59.     CrossRef
  • Advances in hemiplegia rehabilitation: modern therapeutic interventions to enhance activities of daily living
    Jing Xiong, Jin-Tian Wang, Shu Lin, Bao-Yuan Xie
    Frontiers in Neurology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effect of virtual reality-based upper limb training on activity of daily living and quality of life among stroke survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Diriba Dereje Olana, Teklu Gemechu Abessa, Dheeraj Lamba, Lisa Tedesco Triccas, Bruno Bonnechere
    Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Research on upper limb motor function evaluation and rehabilitation training system of stroke patients based on artificial intelligence: A usability and feasibility study from therapist and patient perspectives
    Qiurong Xie, Qi Zhang, Yanxin Zhang, Bo Sheng, Xiaoling Wang, Jia Luo, Jia Huang
    DIGITAL HEALTH.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Efficacy of a Virtual Reality Rehabilitation Protocol Based on Art Therapy in Patients with Stroke: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
    Gaetano Tieri, Marco Iosa, Antonio Fortini, Federica Aghilarre, Federico Gentili, Cristiano Rubeca, Tommaso Mastropietro, Gabriella Antonucci, Roberto De Giorgi
    Brain Sciences.2024; 14(9): 863.     CrossRef
  • Elevating patient experience: Transformative strategies in hand therapy
    Jean Paul Brutus, Bianieff Tchiloemba, Anna Galstyan, Tom Lattré, Aviva Wolff, Alison Taylor
    Hand Surgery and Rehabilitation.2024; 43(5): 101764.     CrossRef
  • 9,675 View
  • 276 Download
  • 11 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Applying biotechnology to overcome cancer drug resistance and improve public health outcomes
Franklin Akwasi Adjei, Bernard Kwame Frempong, Augustine Afriyie
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(1):4-16.
Published online February 4, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0336
Applying biotechnology to overcome cancer drug resistance and improve public health outcomes
This review examines how biotechnology advances (CRISPR/Cas9, next-generation targeted therapies, nanotechnology-based drug delivery, and immunotherapies) can be applied to address cancer drug resistance worldwide. It also considers the economic burden of resistance, inequities in access to biotechnology solutions, and ethical concerns surrounding rapid innovation, particularly in low-resource settings. A narrative review synthesized evidence from basic science studies, clinical trials, translational research, and policy analyses. Evidence was prioritized for 2015–2025 publications. The synthesis highlights resistance biology and evaluates how precision medicine, biomarker-guided treatment, and high-throughput drug screening can inform individualized regimens and rational combinations. Breakthroughs in gene editing, targeted inhibitors, nanocarriers, and immune engineering can counter key resistance mechanisms, including resistance-conferring mutations, altered drug transport, immune evasion, and tumor microenvironment–mediated protection. Despite progress, implementation barriers remain substantial: high drug and development costs, limited molecular diagnostics and manufacturing capacity, and regulatory and governance challenges that can delay adoption and widen disparities, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Integrating biotechnology innovations within precision medicine frameworks may improve treatment selection and patient outcomes. Maximizing public health impact requires affordability and financing strategies, robust ethical oversight, timely regulatory pathways, and coordinated global collaboration to ensure access to effective therapies across health systems worldwide.
  • 3,316 View
  • 108 Download
Bridging innovation and policy: comparative pathways of national vaccine development in low- and middle-income countries
Vahid Marandi
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(5):425-436.
Published online September 17, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0208
Bridging innovation and policy: comparative pathways of national vaccine development in low- and middle-income countries
Objectives
To examine how national innovation and policy configurations enabled vaccine development in Brazil, Cuba, India, and Iran, and to distil lessons for low- and middle-income country (LMIC) vaccine sovereignty.
Methods
Narrative review of peer-reviewed and grey literature (2020–2023), guided by a structured search and screening approach; synthesis mapped to national and sectoral innovation system perspectives and technology readiness levels.
Results
Cuba and Iran leveraged mission-oriented public research and development (R&D) and domestic platforms; India combined indigenous R&D with large-scale licensed manufacturing; Brazil’s scientific capacity was constrained by fragmented governance and supply-chain dependence. Adaptive regulation (e.g., emergency use authorization/conditional approvals), targeted technology transfer, and South–South partnerships accelerated progress but raised longer-term questions about intellectual property (IP) control and economic sustainability.
Conclusion
Institutional coherence, strategic IP management, and regional manufacturing alliances are as critical as scientific capacity for LMIC vaccine self-reliance. Policy priorities include pre-negotiated tech-transfer frameworks, regulatory preparedness, and investment in public R&D linked to distributed manufacturing.

Citations

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  • Next-Generation Vaccines Leveraging T Cell-Centric Design, Mucosal Immunity, and Trained Innate Immunity for Respiratory and Enteric Pathogens
    Md. Abdus Salam, Md. Yusuf Al-Amin, Kasireddy Sudarshan, Aidan Lynch, Victor Reyes, Madeline Stevenson
    Vaccines.2026; 14(5): 462.     CrossRef
  • From Global Insights to Local Action: Bridging Vaccine Design and Manufacturing Gaps in H5N1 Pandemic Readiness
    María Alicia Delfino, Jimena Borgo, Luciano Chaneton, Natacha Cerny, Augusto Ernesto Bivona, Pierre Gsell, Fernando Lobos, Ike James, Martin Friede, German Sánchez Alberti, Andrés Sánchez Alberti
    Vaccines.2026; 14(6): 519.     CrossRef
  • Harnessing trained immunity for next-generation vaccines: from rational adjuvant design to self-adjuvanting antigens
    Jing Wang, Xiao-Yong Fan, Zhidong Hu
    Expert Review of Vaccines.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Vigilancia tecnológica de vacunas contra arbovirus en Latinoamérica
    Diana Priscila Estrella-Santiago, Rubén Oliver Espinoza
    Entreciencias diálogos en la Sociedad del Conocimi.2026; 14(28): 1.     CrossRef
  • Role of Academia and Research Institutions in Advancing Indigenous Vaccine Development
    Saira Afzal, Muhammad Maaz Arif
    Pakistan BioMedical Journal.2026; : 01.     CrossRef
  • 5,023 View
  • 202 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • Crossref
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