Objectives This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of medication adherence and its determinants among Moroccan patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional survey was conducted from February to June 2024, involving 584 patients from the Casablanca-Settat and Rabat-Sale-Kenitra regions of Morocco. Medication adherence was assessed using the general medication adherence scale. Associations between independent variables and adherence were analyzed using chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Medication adherence was observed in 96.2% of participants. Multivariate analysis revealed significantly lower medication adherence among patients using 2 or more oral antidiabetic drugs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.026; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.001–0.642; p=0.026) and those with a diabetes duration of 11 to 15 years (aOR, 0.037; 95% CI, 0.001–0.956; p=0.047). Conclusion: Despite a high overall adherence rate, patients on dual or polytherapy and those with longer disease duration exhibited lower adherence in multivariate analysis. Targeted interventions are needed to improve adherence in these high-risk groups.
Objectives This study aimed to identify factors associated with the onset time of diabetic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and determine the best-fitted survival model. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among T2DM patients enrolled from October 1, 2016 to July 15, 2020 at the National Health Security Office (NHSO). In total, 388 T2DM patients were included. Cox proportional-hazard and parametric models were used to identify factors related to the onset time of diabetic complications. The Akaike information criterion, Bayesian information criterion, and Cox-Snell residual were compared to determine the best-fitted survival model. Results: Thirty diabetic complication events were detected among the 388 patients (7.7%). A 90% survival rate for the onset time of diabetic complications was found at 33 months after the first T2DM diagnosis. According to multivariate analysis, a duration of T2DM ≥42 months (time ratio [TR], 0.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.33–0.96; p=0.034), comorbid hypertension (TR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.15–0.60; p=0.001), mildly to moderately reduced levels of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (TR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.24–0.75; p=0.003) and an eGFR that was severely reduced or indicative of kidney failure (TR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.16–0.88; p=0.025) were significantly associated with the onset time of diabetic complications (p<0.05). Conclusion: Patients with T2DM durations of more than 42 months, comorbid hypertension, and decreased eGFR were at risk of developing diabetic complications. The NHSO should be aware of these factors to establish a policy to prevent diabetic complications after the diagnosis of T2DM.
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<sec>
<title>Objectives</title>
<p>This study aimed to identify the educational needs of people with type 2 diabetes according to risk perceptions and the level of severity of complications.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Methods</title>
<p>There were 177 study participants who were outpatients of the internal medicine department at a university hospital located in the Republic of Korea, who consented to participate in the survey from December 10, 2016 to February 10, 2017. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, ANOVA with post-hoc comparison, and multiple regression analysis. Type 2 diabetes complications were classified into 3 groups: no complications, common complications, and severe complications.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Results</title>
<p>There were statistically significant positive correlations between educational needs and comparative risk perceptions, and the level of complication and comparative risk perception. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the factor predicting educational needs of type 2 diabetes people was their comparative risk perceptions, rather than the severity of diabetes complications or sociodemographic variables.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Conclusion</title>
<p>Since risk perception is the factor that indicates the educational needs of people with type 2 diabetes, there is a need to explore factors which increase risk perception, in order to meet educational needs. The findings suggest that a more specific and individualized educational program, which focuses on each person's risk perceptions, should be developed.</p></sec>
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Fear of Complications Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Latent Profile Analysis Yuqing Liang, Ya’ning Yang, Xingruo Zhang, Lili Chen, Dan Su Patient Preference and Adherence.2026; Volume 20: 1. CrossRef
Added value of an online education intervention among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Acapulco, Mexico: a non-randomised parallel group comparison Guadalupe Aguilar-Hernández, Sergio Paredes-Juárez, Baltazar Joanico-Morales, Janet Saldaña-Almazán, Claudia Erika Rios-Rivera, Miguel Flores-Moreno, Sergio Paredes-Solís, Neil Andersson IJQHC Communications.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Assessment tools for disease risk perception in chronic patients: theoretical frameworks, psychometric properties, and clinical applications Fei Yang, Jiaojian Lv, Qiaoling Ye, Lihong Jin, Yuanliang Gu, Jinxiang Wu Frontiers in Public Health.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Associations between Diabetes Self-Management and Microvascular Complications among Patients Living in Rural Areas, in Kenya Rachael Ireri, Gideon Kikuvi, Susan Mambo, Betsy C. Rono Cheriro Open Journal of Epidemiology.2025; 15(01): 88. CrossRef
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<sec>
<title>Objectives</title>
<p>This study was performed to test the association between lung function and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Korean patients.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Methods</title>
<p>Data from the 6<sup>th</sup> Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013 to 2015) was used in this study. There were 3,466 individuals aged between 40 and 80 years, with T2DM, who had a smoking and alcohol status listed, and blood analysis (including blood pressure), were included in this study. Lung function, measured by spirometer ventilatory dysfunction was categorized into 3 patterns: normal, restrictive ventilatory dysfunction, and obstructive ventilatory dysfunction (OVD).</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Results</title>
<p>Based on multivariate logistic regression analysis, individuals with restrictive ventilatory dysfunction had an increased odds ratio (OR 1.615, 95% CI 1.137–2.294) for T2DM compared with individuals with normal ventilatory function, whereas OVD had no increase in the odds ratio (OR 1.169, 95 % CI 0.857–1.594). Model 1, which adjusted for age and gender, showed that the probability of having restrictive disorder was 1.559 times (95% CI 1.617–2.082) higher for prediabetes patients, and 2.320 times (95% CI 1.611–3.343) higher for T2DM patients, compared to normal individuals. For Model 4, which was fully adjusted for variables, the probability of having a restrictive disorder was 1.837 times higher for T2DM patients (95% CI 1.260–2.679).</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Conclusion</title>
<p>Restrictive ventilatory dysfunction, but not OVD, was associated independently with T2DM.</p></sec>
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<sec>
<title>Objectives</title>
<p>To describe the distribution of social factors, lifestyle habits and anthropometric measurements according to hypertension and Type-2 diabetes.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Methods</title>
<p>A cross-sectional study was conducted in Gaza City, Palestine that included 379 patients (20–60 years) who had hypertension and/or diabetes. Three groups of patients were involved; 106 hypertensive (HT), 109 diabetic (T2DM) and 164 hypertensive diabetics (HT + T2DM).</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Results</title>
<p>The HT + T2DM group were older and had a higher body mass index compared to HT and T2DM groups. There were 62.3% patients who were female, 49.2% were highly educated HT patients, and 49.3% patients had a low level of education and were HT + T2DM. There were 55.8% patients who lived in large families. Patients who were passive smokers or never smoked before were mostly HT + T2DM, while active smokers and past smokers had T2DM. There were 48.2% patients who were highly physically active who had HT, 40.9% whom were moderately active had T2DM, and 53.8% of patients who had a low level of activity were HT + T2DM. Multivariate linear regression showed that having a diseased mother, living in a large family, being a past or passive smoker, or never having smoked, having a low or moderate level of activity, and having HT or HT + T2DM, were significantly associated with an increased body mass index.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Conclusion</title>
<p>Parental health/disease conditions and environmental factors (social network and lifestyle habits) played the greatest role in the development of obesity and disease.</p></sec>
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<sec>
<title>Objectives</title>
<p>A questionnaire was designed to determine public understanding of early and late complications of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Methods</title>
<p>A cross-sectional study was performed in participants who were selected using a multi-stage sampling method and a standard questionnaire of 67 questions was proposed. An expert panel selected 53 closed-ended questions for content validity to be included in the questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was tested using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient giving a score of 0.84.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Results</title>
<p>Of the 825 participants, 443 (57.6%) were male, and 322 (41.87%) were 40 years or more. The proportion of low-, moderate- and high- awareness about T2DM and its complications was 29.26%, 62.68%, and 8.06%, respectively. Friends (56.31%) and internet and social networks (20.55%) were the 2 major sources of awareness, respectively. The medical staff (e.g., physicians) had the lowest share in the level of public awareness (3.64%) compared to other sources.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Conclusion</title>
<p>These results present data that shows the general population awareness of T2DM is low. Healthcare policymakers need to be effective at raising awarenes of diabetes and it should be through improved education.</p></sec>
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Objectives
There are an increasing number of studies being carried out on depression in patients with diabetes. Individuals with diabetes have been reported as having a higher prevalence of depression compared to those without diabetes. However, only a few studies involving Korean patients have been conducted. The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence of depression and to find various risk factors according to the degree of depression among Korean patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods
An Ansan-community-based epidemiological study was conducted from 2005 to 2012. The total number of participants in this study was 3,540, from which patients with diabetes (<i>n</i> = 753) have been selected. The presence of depression was evaluated using the Beck Depression Inventory total score. Results
The prevalence of depression was 28.8%. The mean age of participants was 55.5 ± 8.2 years. We divided the participants into three groups (without-depression, moderate-depression, and severe-depression groups) to examine the depression prevalence among Korean T2DM patients. The unemployed participants had 2.40 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21–4.76], the low-income participants had 2.57 (95% CI 1.52–4.35), the participants using an oral diabetes medicine or insulin had 2.03 (95% CI 1.25–3.32), the participants who are currently smoking had 2.03 (95% CI 1.10–3.73), and those without regular exercise had 1.91 (95% CI 1.17–3.14) times higher odds of depression in the severe-depression group, compared with the without-depression group. Conclusion
There was a significant association between depression prevalence and diabetes, and we found various risk factors according to the degree of depression in Korean patients with T2DM.
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Objectives
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays roles in the development of obesity, insulin resistance, and possibility of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The objective of the current study was to evaluate the association of TNF-α promoter−308 G/A polymorphism with T2DM. Methods
In all, 1038 patients with T2DM and 1023 normoglycemic controls were included in this study. All participants were genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Genotypic and allelic frequencies were then analyzed in each group. Serum lipids, fasting glucose, fasting serum insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and hemoglogin A1c levels were determined by conventional methods. Results
The allelic frequency of the A allele was significantly different between case and control participants (<i>p</i> = 0.006). Genotypes GA and AA were found to be significantly associated with 2.24- and 3.18-fold increased risk for T2DM, respectively. Similarly, the dominant model of -308 G/A polymorphism was found to have a higher risk for T2DM (odds ratio = 2.34, <i>p</i> = 0.001). Individuals with T2DM carrying the GA + AA genotypes of -308 G/A variation had significantly lower fasting plasma insulin than those carrying GG genotype. Conclusion
Our findings revealed that there is an association between the TNF-α promoter -308 G/A polymorphism and T2DM in this population.
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Objectives
Recent genetic association studies have provided convincing evidence that several novel loci and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aims of this study were: 1) to develop a predictive model of T2DM using genetic and clinical data; and 2) to compare misclassification rates of different models. Methods
We selected 212 individuals with newly diagnosed T2DM and 472 controls aged in their 60s from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. A total of 499 known SNPs from 87 T2DM-related genes were genotyped using germline DNA. SNPs were analyzed for significant association with T2DM using various classification algorithms including Quest (Quick, Unbiased, Efficient, Statistical tree), Support Vector Machine, C4.5, logistic regression, and K-nearest neighbor. Results
We tested these models using the complete Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study cohort (<i>n</i> = 10,038) and computed the T2DM misclassification rates for each model. Average misclassification rates ranged at 28.2–52.7%. The misclassification rates for the logistic and machine-learning algorithms were lower than the statistical tree algorithms. Using 1-to-1 matched data, the misclassification rate of the statistical tree QUEST algorithm using body mass index and SNP variables was the lowest, but overall the logistic regression performed best. Conclusions
The K-nearest neighbor method exhibited more robust results than other algorithms. For clinical and genetic data, our “multistage adjustment” model outperformed other models in yielding lower rates of misclassification. To improve the performance of these models, further studies using warranted, strategies to estimate better classifiers for the quantification of SNPs need to be developed.
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