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Original Articles

Economic effectiveness of training personnel for infectious disease response and improving information systems in Republic of Korea: a cost-benefit analysis
Sunung Moon, Sangwon Lee, Yunhyung Kwon, Chaeeun Lee, Nahyun Kwon
Received January 27, 2026  Accepted June 18, 2026  Published online August 14, 2026  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2026.0019    [Epub ahead of print]
Objectives
This study assessed the economic value of 2 major initiatives within the national infectious disease response system of the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA): the Training Programs for Public Health Workforce (TPPHW) and the Infectious Disease Information System (IDIS). Methods: We developed a structured estimation model to quantify the economic benefits of pandemic preparedness investments and applied it to the KDCA’s TPPHW and IDIS. The model incorporated parameters elicited from 29 senior officials into a cost-benefit analysis (CBA) framework, from which we calculated the net present value (NPV) and benefit-cost ratio (BCR) over a 10-year period, with sensitivity analyses. Results: Both initiatives yielded positive net benefits under baseline assumptions, although the margin was substantially greater for workforce training than for the information system. At the assumed discount rate of 4.5%, the CBA yielded a BCR of 2.120 and an NPV of 27.2 billion Korean won (KRW) for TPPHW. For IDIS, the corresponding values were a BCR of 1.071 and an NPV of 2.7 billion KRW. Sensitivity analysis showed that workforce training remained economically justified across all scenarios, whereas the information system remained viable only under more favorable assumptions. Conclusion: This study contributes to the literature by systematically applying CBA to infectious disease preparedness in the Republic of Korea. The findings support continued investment in skilled workforce training and integrated information infrastructure for future pandemic preparedness. The study is limited by its reliance on expert-elicited parameters and its focus on monetary benefits, excluding health outcomes such as disability-adjusted life years and quality-of-life improvements.
  • 467 View
  • 11 Download
Environmental emergence and dissemination of clinically relevant multidrug-resistant bacteria and resistance genes in sewage and aquatic ecosystems
Smita Atara, Komal Antaliya, Nilam Vaghamshi, Ashaka Vansia, Anjana Ghelani, Rajesh Patel, Pravin Dudhagara
Received February 19, 2026  Accepted May 28, 2026  Published online July 23, 2026  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2026.0186    [Epub ahead of print]
Objectives
This study characterized multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in sewage, river, and marine ecosystems in South Gujarat, India.
Methods
Water samples were collected from 25 hospital drainage, sewage treatment/pumping, Tapi River, and coastal marine sites at multiple time points. From 270 screened colonies, 166 morphologically and biochemically distinct nonduplicate isolates were retained. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed, and isolates were classified as MDR, extensively drug-resistant (XDR), or pan-drug-resistant (PDR). Biofilm formation, metabolic activity, extracellular polymeric substance protein, heavy metal tolerance, extended-spectrum β-lactamase production, carbapenemase production, and metallo-β-lactamase activity were assessed phenotypically. Tapi River estuary water was used for taxonomic profiling and antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) detection.
Results
The 166 isolates comprised 45 bacterial species, with clinically significant Gram-negative pathogens predominating, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=24, 14.5%), Ochrobactrum intermedium (n=16, 9.6%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (n=15, 9.0%), and Escherichia coli (n=12, 7.2%). MDR phenotypes were detected in 80.1% of isolates; 18.1% were XDR, and 1.8% were PDR, with PDR isolates confined to river water samples. Biofilm formation was observed in 86.1% (n=143) of isolates, including 28.3% (n=47) strong, 24.7% (n=41) moderate, and 32.5% (n=54) weak producers. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase production was confirmed in 13.4% of Gram-negative isolates, and carbapenemase activity was detected in 11 isolates. Zinc and copper tolerance were significantly higher in XDR than in MDR isolates (p<0.05). Metagenomics identified efflux pumps as the dominant ARG class (36.2%), followed by target-site mutations (21.3%) and β-lactamases (14.9%), and detected blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-207, gyrA, and parC.
Conclusion
These interconnected aquatic systems represent important reservoirs for community-level antimicrobial resistance transmission.
  • 1,030 View
  • 53 Download
Association between ambient temperature and blood pressure in hypertensive adults in Bogor City, Indonesia: a 6-year longitudinal cohort study
Puti Sari Hidayangsih, Woro Riyadina, Ika Dharmayanti, Pandji Wibawa Dhewantara, Ning Sulistiyowati, Noor Edi Widya Sukoco, Yuda Turana
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(4):326-336.
Published online May 14, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0226
Association between ambient temperature and blood pressure in hypertensive adults in Bogor City, Indonesia: a 6-year longitudinal cohort study
Objectives
Climate variability, particularly ambient air temperature, is an emerging environmental determinant of blood pressure (BP); however, evidence from tropical lowand middle-income countries (LMICs) remains limited. We examined associations between monthly average ambient temperature with systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) among adults in Bogor City, Indonesia. Methods: This longitudinal cohort analysis used secondary data collected between 2011 and 2018 from 1,648 participants with repeated BP measurements (19 assessments over 6 years). Average ambient temperature data were matched to the month of BP measurement. Generalized estimating equations models were used to assess the association between temperature and BP after adjustment for age, sex, education, and socioeconomic status. Results: Mean ambient temperature ranged from 24.6 °C to 28.9 °C. SBP varied more than DBP and tended to increase as ambient temperature decreased. The overall main effect of temperature on BP was not statistically significant. However, several visit-specific temperature–time interactions were negative and significant, suggesting inverse patterns between lower temperatures and higher SBP or DBP. Marginal effects plots demonstrated time-varying associations, with predicted SBP and DBP differences of approximately −4 to + 3 mmHg across follow-up visits at representative temperatures. Socioeconomic status and education were associated with SBP, whereas age and female sex were associated with DBP. Conclusion: Temperature variations were associated with time-varying BP changes among adults with hypertension in Bogor City during 2011–2018. Although the main temperature effect was non-significant, temperature–time interactions suggested modest inverse patterns within clinically plausible ranges. These findings support the need for updated, multi-site studies in tropical LMIC settings.
  • 2,246 View
  • 69 Download

Review Article

The role of artificial intelligence in managing COVID-19 and long COVID: a narrative review
Bikash Kanti Sarkar, Ambuj Kumar
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(1):17-31.
Published online February 4, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0347
The role of artificial intelligence in managing COVID-19 and long COVID: a narrative review
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had an unprecedented global impact, resulting in both positive and negative consequences. The virus not only affected millions of lives worldwide but also caused long-term harm to multiple organ systems in many survivors, thereby substantially impairing quality of life. This persistent condition is now referred to as long COVID (LC). The aim of this study is to raise awareness of LC-related organ system impacts and to highlight the key role of artificial intelligence (AI) in mitigating these effects. The present research conducts a narrative review focusing on LC-related impacts. In this context, unstructured searches were conducted to identify a total of 69 relevant studies indexed in Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, or Scopus, each of which was reviewed by at least 2 experts with sufficient domain knowledge in health sciences. Based on the authors’ perspectives and insights, the review narratively examines damage to human organ systems attributable to LC and explores the role of AI in addressing LC-related challenges. Significant ethical, practical, and societal concerns arising from the extensive use of AI, particularly major issues such as data privacy and algorithmic bias, are also discussed. LC has caused lasting impacts on human organ systems, while AI is offering substantial potential for LC-related care.
  • 2,949 View
  • 98 Download

Original Article

Crisis-driven innovation in the Republic of Korea's in vitro diagnostics industry: a pandemic case study
Minjoon Kim, Harry Jeong, Kwangsoo Shin
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(1):33-49.
Published online January 28, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0313
Crisis-driven innovation in the Republic of Korea's in vitro diagnostics industry: a pandemic case study
Objectives
This study evaluated the effectiveness of government epidemic control policies centered on diagnostic testing and examined their impact on the in vitro diagnostics (IVD) industry. It also analyzed the complex interplay among policy interventions, epidemic dynamics, and the IVD industry’s value chain to identify key leverage points for managing future public health crises. Methods: A system dynamics (SD) model calibrated using national data from the Republic of Korea simulated the interactions between epidemic progression and the IVD value chain. We conducted a scenario analysis encompassing 6 policy interventions: research and development (R&D) investment, public–private collaboration, regulatory easing, diagnostic test performance, testing intensity, and social distancing. Results: Policies promoting investment, public–private collaboration, and regulatory easing accelerated the market entry of diagnostics, thereby reducing infections and deaths. However, these interventions were associated with lower overall industry revenue, attributable to increased market competition and a reduced patient population. A critical trade-off was noted: although regulatory speed is advantageous, using low-sensitivity diagnostics substantially worsened public health outcomes. Aggressive testing strategies and stringent social distancing were also confirmed to be effective in reducing both infections and mortality. Conclusion: This study provides a strategic framework for understanding interactions between pandemic control policies and the IVD industry. Sustained pre-crisis investment in R&D, public–private networks, and public health infrastructure is essential for effective pandemic preparedness. During a crisis, policymakers must carefully manage the critical trade-off between regulatory speed and diagnostic quality to ensure that rapid responses do not compromise public health outcomes.
  • 4,949 View
  • 70 Download

Review Article

Effectiveness of non-pharmacological school-based therapies for cigarette smoking cessation among adolescents in South and Southeast Asian countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Fahad Ali Mangrio, Penpaktr Uthis, Suwimon Rojnawee, Alicia K Matthews
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(3):195-210.
Published online April 30, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0320
Effectiveness of non-pharmacological school-based therapies for cigarette smoking cessation among adolescents in South and Southeast Asian countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Objectives
This review and meta-analysis examined the effectiveness of non-pharmacological therapies delivered through school-based interventions for smoking cessation among adolescents in South and Southeast Asian countries.
Methods
A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, BioMed Central, the Cochrane Library, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global from inception to October 2024. Eligible studies comprised randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies that compared non-pharmacological smoking cessation interventions delivered in schools or other educational institutions. Data on smoking abstinence outcomes were extracted from published studies, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using a random-effects model via the Mantel-Haenszel estimator.
Results
Seven studies involving 1,260 participants were included. The meta-analysis demonstrated that non-pharmacological school-based therapies significantly increased smoking abstinence compared to controls (OR, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.83–4.40; p<0.001. Subgroup analyzes revealed benefits across both randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies with varying abstinence rates. Studies utilizing biochemical verification showed significant positive effects despite substantial heterogeneity, and short-term (<3 months) abstinence was significantly higher in intervention groups compared to controls. Overall, no differences were found between subgroups regarding intervention effectiveness.
Conclusion
This meta-analysis indicates that non-pharmacological school-based interventions positively impact smoking abstinence rates, although effectiveness may vary based on study design, follow-up duration, and use of biochemical verification. The findings underscore the need for further research with larger sample sizes, extended follow-up periods, and improved methodological rigor in these regions.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Global disease burden of laryngeal cancer attributable to smoking from 1990 to 2021
    Xiao Han, Shanchun Gong, Chao Wang, Yulin Zhang, Yufei Pan, Jing Li, Kai Liu, Zhenkun Yu
    European Journal of Cancer Prevention.2026; 35(4): 291.     CrossRef
  • Adapting and Implementing a School-Based “Implementation Intentions” Program Within FRESHAIR4Life to Prevent Smoking Initiation Among Adolescents in Greece: A Study Protocol
    Izolde Bouloukaki, Antonios Christodoulakis, Sevasti Peraki, Floor A. Van Den Brand, Faraz Siddiqui, Theodoros Krasanakis, Antonia Aravantinou-Karlatou, Purva Abhyankar, Siân Williams, Julia van Koeveringe, Rianne MJJ van der Kleij, Ioanna Tsiligianni
    Healthcare.2026; 14(7): 938.     CrossRef
  • 8,622 View
  • 214 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Original Article

Methodology of comparative studies on the relative effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines: a systematic review
Erdenetuya Bolormaa, Jiae Shim, Young-Sook Choi, Donghyok Kwon, Young June Choe, Seung-Ah Choe
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(5):395-408.
Published online October 15, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0063
Methodology of comparative studies on the relative effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines: a systematic review
Objectives
This study aimed to comprehensively outline the methodological approaches used in published research comparing the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines.
Methods
A systematic search was conducted on June 13, 2024, to identify comparative studies evaluating the effectiveness of mRNA versus non-mRNA and monovalent versus bivalent COVID-19 vaccines. We screened titles, abstracts, and full texts, collecting data on publication year, country, sample size, study population composition, study design, VE estimates, outcomes, and covariates. Studies that reported relative VE (rVE) were analyzed separately from those that did not.
Results
We identified 25 articles comparing rVE between mRNA and non-mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, as well as between monovalent and bivalent formulations. Among the studies assessing VE by vaccine type, 126 did not provide rVE estimates. Comparative VE studies frequently employed retrospective cohort designs. Among the definitions of rVE used, the most common were hazard ratio and absolute VE, calculated as (1−odds ratio)×100. Studies were most frequently conducted in the United Kingdom and the United States, and the most common outcome was infection. Most targeted the general population and assessed the VE of mRNA vaccines using the AstraZeneca vaccine as a reference. A small proportion, 7.3% (n=11), did not adjust for any variables. Only 3 studies (2.0%) adjusted for all core confounding variables recommended by the World Health Organization.
Conclusion
Few comparative studies of COVID-19 vaccines have incorporated rVE methodologies. Reporting rVE and employing a consistent set of covariates can broaden our understanding of COVID-19 vaccines.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Protection from second booster vaccines and natural immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infections, 2022–2023
    Dritan Bejko, Anne Vergison, Saverio Stranges, Joël Mossong, Maurice Zeegers
    Epidemiology and Infection.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 8,871 View
  • 92 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Data Profile

Establishment of a registry of clinical data and bioresources for rare nervous system diseases
Dayoung Kim, Sooyoung Kim, Jin Myoung Seok, Kyong Jin Shin, Eungseok Oh, Mi Young Jeon, Joungkyu Park, Hee Jin Chang, Jinyoung Youn, Jeeyoung Oh, Eunhee Sohn, Jinse Park, Jin Whan Cho, Byoung Joon Kim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(2):174-181.
Published online April 30, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0353
Establishment of a registry of clinical data and bioresources for rare nervous system diseases
Rare diseases are predominantly genetic or inherited, and patients with these conditions frequently exhibit neurological symptoms. Diagnosing and treating many rare diseases is a complex challenge, and their low prevalence complicates the performance of research, which in turn hinders the advancement of therapeutic options. One strategy to address this issue is the creation of national or international registries for rare diseases, which can help researchers monitor and investigate their natural progression. In the Republic of Korea, we established a registry across 5 centers that focuses on 3 rare diseases, all of which are characterized by gait disturbances resulting from motor system dysfunction. The registry will collect clinical information and human bioresources from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinocerebellar ataxia, and hereditary spastic paraplegia. These resources will be stored at ICreaT and the National Biobank of Korea. Once the registry is complete, the data will be made publicly available for further research. Through this registry, our research team is dedicated to identifying genetic variants that are specific to Korean patients, uncovering biomarkers that show a strong correlation with clinical symptoms, and leveraging this information for early diagnosis and the development of treatments.
  • 6,630 View
  • 114 Download

Review Articles

Psychiatric adverse events associated with the COVID-19 vaccines approved in the Republic of Korea: a systematic review
Seungeun Ryoo, Miyoung Choi, Nam-Kyong Choi, Hyoung-Shik Shin, Jun Hee Woo, Byung-Joo Park, Sanghoon Oh
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(2):107-114.
Published online March 28, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0325
Psychiatric adverse events associated with the COVID-19 vaccines approved in the Republic of Korea:  a systematic review
This systematic review evaluated psychiatric adverse events (AEs) following vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We included studies that reported or investigated psychiatric AEs in individuals who had received an approved COVID-19 vaccine in the Republic of Korea. Systematic electronic searches of Ovid-Medline, Embase, CENTRAL, and KoreaMed databases were conducted on March 22, 2023. Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Non-randomized Studies 2.0. The study protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42023449422). Of the 301 articles initially selected, 7 were included in the final analysis. All studies reported on sleep disturbances, and 2 highlighted anxiety-related AEs. Sleep disorders like insomnia and narcolepsy were the most prevalent AEs, while depression was not reported. Our review suggests that these AEs may have been influenced by biological mechanisms as well as the broader psychosocial context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although this study had limitations, such as a primary focus on the BNT162b2 vaccine and an observational study design, it offered a systematic, multi-vaccine analysis that fills a critical gap in the existing literature. This review underscores the need for continued surveillance of psychiatric AEs and guides future research to investigate underlying mechanisms, identify risk factors, and inform clinical management.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Risk of anxiety disorders and insomnia following COVID-19 vaccination
    Haerin Cho, Joon Hyung Jung, Hwoyeon Seo, Won Chul Shin, Jung-Ick Byun, Suvin Park, Na-Young Jeong, Sanghoon Oh, Nam-Kyong Choi
    Journal of Psychiatric Research.2026; 192: 109.     CrossRef
  • A review of the scientific literature on experimental toxicity studies of COVID-19 vaccines, with special attention to publications in toxicology journals
    Jose L. Domingo
    Archives of Toxicology.2024; 98(11): 3603.     CrossRef
  • 25,973 View
  • 209 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Predictors of outcomes 3 to 12 months after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Younes Iderdar, Maryem Arraji, Nadia Al Wachami, Morad Guennouni, Karima Boumendil, Yassmine Mourajid, Noureddine Elkhoudri, Elmadani Saad, Mohamed Chahboune
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(1):3-17.
Published online February 5, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0288
Predictors of outcomes 3 to 12 months after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis
The exact factors predicting outcomes following traumatic brain injury (TBI) remain elusive. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we examined factors influencing outcomes in adult patients with TBI, from 3 months to 1 year after injury. A search of four electronic databases—PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect—yielded 29 studies for review and 16 for meta-analysis, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. In patients with TBI of any severity, mean differences were observed in age (8.72 years; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.77–12.66 years), lymphocyte count (−0.15 109/L; 95% CI, −0.18 to −0.11), glucose levels (1.20 mmol/L; 95% CI, 0.73–1.68), and haemoglobin levels (−0.91 g/dL; 95% CI, −1.49 to −0.33) between those with favourable and unfavourable outcomes. The prevalence rates of unfavourable outcomes were as follows: abnormal cisterns, 65.7%; intracranial pressure above 20 mmHg, 52.9%; midline shift of 5 mm or more, 63%; hypotension, 71%; hypoxia, 86.8%; blood transfusion, 70.3%; and mechanical ventilation, 90%. Several predictors were strongly associated with outcome. Specifically, age, lymphocyte count, glucose level, haemoglobin level, severity of TBI, pupillary reaction, and type of injury were identified as potential predictors of long-term outcomes.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Premorbid physical activity and recovery following an isolated acute traumatic brain injury: an exploratory study
    Naomie Maltais, Elaine de Guise, Maude Laguë-Beauvais, Laurence Trépanier, Jehane H. Dagher
    Global Neurological Insights.2026; 1(1): 100003.     CrossRef
  • Association Between Sex and Mortality After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Elise Beijer, Floor J. Mansvelder, Romein W. G. Dujardin, Nicole P. Juffermans, Linda J. Schoonmade, Leo M. G. Geeraedts, Frank W. Bloemers, Charissa E. van den Brom, Patrick Schober
    Neurocritical Care.2026; 45(1): 395.     CrossRef
  • The severity of traumatic brain injury impacts the response to non-pharmacological treatment for post-traumatic amnesia: A retrospective observational study
    Èlia Vilageliu-Jordà, Antonia Enseñat-Cantallops, Alberto García-Molina
    Applied Neuropsychology: Adult.2026; : 1.     CrossRef
  • Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality in Traumatic Acute Subdural Hematoma: The Role of Admission International Normalized Ratio, Imaging Parameters and Neurological Severity
    Serban Iancu Papacocea, Miruna Ioana Lazăr, Romica Cergan, Ioana Anca Badarau, Toma Marius Papacocea
    Biomedicines.2026; 14(6): 1388.     CrossRef
  • A Systematic Review of Clinical Outcome Trajectories from 3 to 12 Months Following Mild or Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury
    Carl Marincowitz, Fiona Lecky, Abdullah Pandor, Ruth Wong, Thomas Shanahan, Michael Tonkins, Rajiv Singh, James Piercy, Andrew Maas, Lindsay Wilson
    Journal of Neurotrauma.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Distinct Five-Year Latent Class Trajectories and Predictors of Functional Cognitive Independence Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A TBI Model Systems Study
    Evan D. Feigel, Charlotte B. Luster, Chris W. Lewis, Brenna Finegan, Michael J. Mastrodicasa, Maëlle-Marie Troadec, David Guo, Ben Olsen, Ignacio Fuentes, Joseph T. Giacino, Regina Barzilay, Daniel H. Daneshvar
    Neurotrauma Reports.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Traumatic Brain Injury and Artificial Intelligence: Shaping the Future of Neurorehabilitation—A Review
    Seun Orenuga, Philip Jordache, Daniel Mirzai, Tyler Monteros, Ernesto Gonzalez, Ahmed Madkoor, Rahim Hirani, Raj K. Tiwari, Mill Etienne
    Life.2025; 15(3): 424.     CrossRef
  • 10,574 View
  • 295 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Original Articles

Spatiotemporal analysis of environmental and physiographic factors related to malaria in Bareilly district, India
Shikhar Chaudhary, Biju Soman
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2022;13(2):123-132.
Published online March 31, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0304
Spatiotemporal analysis of environmental and physiographic factors related to malaria in Bareilly district, India
Objectives
The aim of this study was to explore the spatiotemporal clustering of reported malaria cases and to study the effects of various environmental and physiographic factors on malaria incidence in Bareilly district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Methods: Malaria surveillance data were collected from the state health department and cleaned into an analyzable format. These data were analyzed along with meteorological, physiographic, and 2019 population data, which were obtained from the Indian Meteorological Department, National Aeronautics and Space Administration web portal, the Bhuvan platform of the Indian Space Research Organization, and the 2011 Census of India. Results: In total, 46,717 malaria cases were reported in Bareilly district in 2019, of which 25.99% were Plasmodium vivax cases and 74.01% were P. falciparum cases. The reported malaria cases in the district showed clustering, with significant spatial autocorrelation (Moran’s I value=0.63), and space-time clustering (p<0.01). A significant positive correlation was found between monthly malaria incidence and the monthly mean temperature (with a lag of 1−2 months) and rainfall (with a lag of 1 month). A significant negative correlation was detected between the elevation of blocks (i.e., intermediate-level administrative districts) and annual malaria reporting. Conclusion: The presence of space-time clustering of malaria cases and its correlation with meteorological and physiographic factors indicate that routine spatial analysis of the surveillance data could help control and manage malaria outbreaks in the district.

Citations

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  • Revisiting the impacts of geographical aspects on public health in the tropical-Asian countries: a review
    Arif Ashari, Muhamad Ervin, Grace Helena Amaranthois Kapisan, Muhammad Asrori Indra Wardoyo, Raisya Arzety Olivia, Bagus Tegar Sakti Prakosa
    Reviews on Environmental Health.2026; 41(2): 307.     CrossRef
  • Spatial Analysis of Malaria in Bangladesh: Insights from Bayesian Disease Mapping Models
    Ummehani Mimi, Md. Rezaul Karim, Sultana Begum, Khadiza Akter Eme, Denekew Bitew Belay
    PLOS One.2026; 21(8): e0353483.     CrossRef
  • Association between temperature and malaria (1959-2019): a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Yogesh Murugan, Vaibhavkumar Shrivastav
    Archives of Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Digital health: trends, opportunities and challenges in medical devices, pharma and bio-technology
    Naresh Kasoju, N. S. Remya, Renjith Sasi, S. Sujesh, Biju Soman, C. Kesavadas, C. V. Muraleedharan, P. R. Harikrishna Varma, Sanjay Behari
    CSI Transactions on ICT.2023; 11(1): 11.     CrossRef
  • 10,769 View
  • 145 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Behavioral interventions for smoking cessation among adolescents: a rapid review and meta-analysis for the Korea Preventive Services Task Force
Younglee Choi, Cheol Min Lee, Belong Cho, Eon Sook Lee, Seung-Won Oh, Naae Lee, Jae Moon Yun
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2021;12(3):177-186.
Published online June 2, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0018
Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of behavioral smoking cessation interventions among adolescents.
Methods
MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Embase, CINAHL, KoreaMed, and KMbase were searched from inception to June 2020. Systematic reviews (SRs) or meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were initially searched to perform a rapid SR. After selecting the final SR, RCTs after the publication year of the selected SR were searched. The primary outcome was smoking status after at least 6 months of follow-up, and the secondary outcome was smoking status at 4 weeks. Two reviewers independently assessed the selected studies’ quality using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The meta-analysis utilized a Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effect model reporting the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The subgroup analysis utilized Cochrane’s Q.
Results
Thirty-two RCTs (11,637 participants) from a single SR were meta-analyzed. After 6 months of follow-up, the intervention group had significantly higher abstinence rates (RR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.20−1.41; I2=26.46%). At 4 weeks of follow-up, the intervention group also had significantly higher abstinence rates (RR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.49–2.47; I2=0.00%). The subgroup analysis indicated a significant difference in the abstinence rate according to the study setting and the period between intervention completion and follow-up.
Conclusion
This review showed that adolescent behavioral smoking cessation intervention programs significantly increased abstinence rates compared to the usual care.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Adapting and Implementing a School-Based “Implementation Intentions” Program Within FRESHAIR4Life to Prevent Smoking Initiation Among Adolescents in Greece: A Study Protocol
    Izolde Bouloukaki, Antonios Christodoulakis, Sevasti Peraki, Floor A. Van Den Brand, Faraz Siddiqui, Theodoros Krasanakis, Antonia Aravantinou-Karlatou, Purva Abhyankar, Siân Williams, Julia van Koeveringe, Rianne MJJ van der Kleij, Ioanna Tsiligianni
    Healthcare.2026; 14(7): 938.     CrossRef
  • Helping teens quit: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of smoking cessation interventions
    Kansak Boonpattharatthiti, Kanchana Mueangfa, Natchaya Aiumtanaporn, Chanchanok Koomsri, Junpen Chantara, Teerapon Dhippayom
    Public Health in Practice.2026; 11: 100789.     CrossRef
  • The transtheoretical model and smoking cessation: findings from a youth-friendly clinic
    Alkim Oden Akman, Furkan Kalayci, Serap Karakus, Eda Özaydın, Demet Tas
    BMC Public Health.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effectiveness of non-pharmacological school-based therapies for cigarette smoking cessation among adolescents in South and Southeast Asian countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Fahad Ali Mangrio, Penpaktr Uthis, Suwimon Rojnawee, Alicia K Matthews
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2025; 16(3): 195.     CrossRef
  • Effectiveness of Healthcare Interventions on Smoking Cessation in Adolescents in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Narrative Review
    Janhvi Thakur, Sonali G Choudhari
    Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Non-combustible nicotine product cessation interventions in adolescents and young adults: A systematic review
    Sofie K. Bergman Rasmussen, Charlotta Pisinger
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Review Article

<p>This review compared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) laboratory findings, comorbidities, and clinical outcomes in patients from the general population versus medical staff to aid diagnosis of COVID-19 in a more timely, efficient, and accurate way. Electronic databases were searched up to 23<sup>rd</sup> March, 2020. The initial search yielded 6,527 studies. Following screening, 24 studies were included [18 studies (11,564 cases) of confirmed COVID-19 cases in the general public, and 6 studies (394 cases) in medical staff] in this review. Significant differences were observed in white blood cell counts (<italic>p</italic> < 0.001), lymphocyte counts (<italic>p</italic> < 0.001), platelet counts (<italic>p</italic> = 0.04), procalcitonin levels (<italic>p</italic> < 0.001), lactate dehydrogenase levels (<italic>p</italic> < 0.001), and creatinine levels (<italic>p</italic> = 0.03) when comparing infected medical staff with the general public. The mortality rate was higher in the general population than in medical staff (8% versus 2%). This review showed that during the early stages of COVID-19, laboratory findings alone may not be significant predictors of infection and may just accompany increasing C-reactive protein levels, erythrocyte sedimentation rates, and lactate dehydrogenase levels. In the symptomatic stage, the lymphocyte and platelet counts tended to decrease. Elevated D-dimer fibrin degradation product was associated with poor prognosis.</p>

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Short Communication

Contact Transmission of COVID-19 in South Korea: Novel Investigation Techniques for Tracing Contacts
COVID-19 National Emergency Response Center, Epidemiology & Case Management Team, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2020;11(1):60-63.
Published online February 28, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.1.09
<p>In the epidemiological investigation of an infectious disease, investigating, classifying, tracking, and managing contacts by identifying the patient’s route are important for preventing further transmission of the disease. However, omissions and errors in previous activities can occur when the investigation is performed through only a proxy interview with the patient. To overcome these limitations, methods that can objectively verify the patient’s claims (medical facility records, Global Positioning System, card transactions, and closed-circuit television) were used for the recent ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 contact investigations in South Korea.</p>

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Original Articles

Natural Infection with Rabies Virus: A Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study of Human Brains
Firouzeh Farahtaj, Leila Alizadeh, Alireza Gholami, Alireza Tahamtan, Sadegh Shirian, Maryam Fazeli, Amir Sasan Mozaffari Nejad, Ali Gorji, Hamid Mahmoudzadeh Niknam, Amir Ghaemi
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2019;10(1):6-11.
Published online February 28, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.1.03
<sec> <title>Objectives</title> <p>Despite all the efforts and increased knowledge of rabies, the exact mechanisms of infection and mortality from the rabies virus are not well understood. To understand the mechanisms underlying the pathogenicity of rabies virus infection, it is crucial to study the tissue that the rabies virus naturally infects in humans.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>Cerebellum brain tissue from 9 human post mortem cases from Iran, who had been infected with rabies virus, were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically to evaluate the innate immune responses against the rabies virus.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Results</title> <p>Histopathological examination revealed inflammation of the infected cerebellum and immunohistochemical analyses showed an increased immunoreactivity of heat shock protein 70, interleukin-6, interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, caspase-3, caspase-9, toll-like receptor3 and toll-like receptor4 in the infected brain tissue.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>These results indicated the involvement of innate immunity in rabies infected human brain tissue, which may aggravate the progression of this deadly disease.</p></sec>

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Published online August 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2018.9.4.08
<sec> <title>Objectives</title> <p>The <italic>CYP2B6</italic> is one of the most polymorphic <italic>CYP</italic> genes in humans that has the potential to modify the pharmacological and toxicological responses to clinically important drugs such as antimalarial artemisinin and its derivatives. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of <italic>CYP2B6</italic> polymorphisms in Timor malaria endemic area, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia where Artemisin-based Combination Therapy (ACT) has been used to treat uncomplicated malaria.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>A total of 109 healthy subjects were participated in this study. <italic>CYP2B6*4, *6</italic> and <italic>*9</italic> polymorphisms were analyzed using PCR-RFLP to confirm the SNPs prevalence of 516G>T and 785A>G in exon 4 and 5.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Results</title> <p>There were 96 subjects included in the analysis. In the exon 4 of <italic>CYP2B6</italic> 516G>T, the frequency of the T mutation was 37.5% (39/96), and the wildtype 27.1% (26/96). In the exon 5, <italic>CYP2B6</italic> 785A>G mutant was detected in 29.2% (28/96) of individuals, and the wildtype allele in 35.4% (34/96). The frequency of <italic>CYP2B6*9</italic> (516G>T), <italic>CYP2B6*4</italic> (785A>G) and <italic>CYP2B6*6</italic> (516G>T and 785A>G) were 40.6%, 29.2% and 22.9%, respectively. The prevalence of these <italic>CYP2B6</italic> gene polymorphisms in Timorian ethnic were higher than that in Malay, Han Chinese, Indian, and Egyptian populations.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>The prevalence of these <italic>CYP2B6</italic> 516G>T and 785A>G polymorphisms in Timorian ethnic is higher than that in other populations. These polymorphisms may affect the metabolism of artemisinin and its derivatives.</p></sec>

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Objectives
This study investigated the status of sexual identity, perceived stigma, stress, depression, and suicidal ideation and attempts. It also examined how sexual identity and “coming out” affect stress, depression, and suicidal ideation and attempts.
Methods
Suicidal ideation, psychological health status, and health-related behaviors were assessed using the Internet to maximize the confidentiality of the participants, men who have sex with men (MSM). The data were collected from a total of 873 MSM aged between 19 years and 59 years in 2014.
Results
Only 20.9% of the MSM had come out (18.0% voluntarily and 2.9% by others). The prevalences of perceived stress and depression among MSM were 46.7% and 42.7%, respectively, compared with 20.1% and 7.4% among general men. Approximately 32% of the MSM reported any suicidal ideation, and 3.3% had attempted suicide in the past year. The likelihood of suicidal ideation was significantly associated with being age 30–39 years [odds ratio (OR) = 1.8], high school or less (OR = 1.6), having been outed (OR = 5.2), feeling stressed (OR = 1.8), and feeling depressed (OR = 12.4) after sociodemographic factors and other perceptions were controlled for.
Conclusion
The present study provides evidence that MSM are at an elevated risk for suicidal ideation and attempts with high stress and depression. Some risk factors were specific to being gay or bisexual in a hostile environment.

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Epidemiological and Clinical Features of People with Malta Fever in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Mahmood Moosazadeh, Roja Nikaeen, Ghasem Abedi, Motahareh Kheradmand, Saeid Safiri
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2016;7(3):157-167.
Published online June 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2016.04.009
Objectives
Numerous studies have reported the epidemiological and clinical features of Malta fever incidence in Iran. Review and synthesis of the related literature through meta-analysis can provide an appropriate measurement for aforementioned indices. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the epidemiological and clinical features of people with Malta fever in Iran.
Methods
The required documents were obtained through searching national and international databases. In each study, standard deviation of the indices was calculated using binomial distribution formulas. Finally, the heterogeneity index was determined between studies using Cochran (Q) and <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> tests.
Results
Combining the results of 47 articles in the meta-analysis indicated that 57.6% (55.02–60.1%) and 42.3% (49.8–44.9%) of the patients were male and female, respectively. Most of the patients lived in rural areas; 68.4% (63.6–73.2%) compared to 31.4% (26.7–36.3%). In addition, 20.8% (17.4–24.2%) of the patients were ranchers and farmers, 16.9% (14.5–19.4%) were students, and 31.6% (27–36.2%) were housewives. Of the patients studies, 50.5% (35.6–65.2%) experienced contact with animals and 57.1% (46.4–67.9%) used unpasteurized dairy products. Fever, joint pain, and sweating were detected among 65.7% (53.7–77.8%) and 55.3% (44.4–66.2%), respectively.
Conclusion
The present study revealed that the frequency of male patients with brucellosis was considerably more than that of female patients. The number of patients with Malta fever in rural areas was significantly more than in urban areas. High-risk behavior, unprotected contact with animals, and using unpasteurized dairy products were among the most significant factors affecting Malta fever incidence in Iran. Fever, joint pain, and sweating were detected among most of the patients with Malta fever.

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Comparison of Three Different Methods for Detection of IL28 rs12979860 Polymorphisms as a Predictor of Treatment Outcome in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus
Abolfazl Fateh, Mohammadreza Aghasadeghi, Seyed D. Siadat, Farzam Vaziri, Farzin Sadeghi, Roohollah Fateh, Hossein Keyvani, Alireza H. Tasbiti, Shamsi Yari, Angila Ataei-Pirkooh, Seyed H. Monavari
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2016;7(2):83-89.
Published online April 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2015.11.004
Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate the specificity, sensitivity, cost, and turn-around time of three methods of gene polymorphism analysis and to study the relationship between IL28B rs12979860 and SVR rate to pegIFN-α/RVB therapy among patients with chronic hepatitis C.
Methods
A total of 100 samples from chronic hepatitis C patients were analyzed in parallel using the three methods: direct sequencing, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS)-PCR.
Results
The different profiles for IL28B rs12979860 alleles (CC, CT, and TT) obtained with PCR-RFLP, ARMS-PCR, and direct sequencing were consistent among the three methods. Prevalence of rs12979860 genotypes CC, CT and TT in HCV genotype 1a was 10(19.6%), 35(68.6%), and six (11.8%), respectively, and in HCV genotype 31, it was 13(26.5%), 31(63.3%), and five (10.2%), respectively. No significant difference was seen between rs12979860 genotype and HCV genotype (<i>p</i> = 0.710).
Conclusion
Screening by ARMS – PCR SNOP detection represents the most efficient and reliable method to determine HCV polymorphisms in routine clinical practice.

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    Milad Nafari, Shiva Irani, Farzam Vaziri, Safoora Gharibzadeh, Fatemeh Sakhaee, Mohammad Khazeni, Naser Kalhor, Fatemeh Rahimi Jamnani, Seyed Davar Siadat, Abolfazl Fateh
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  • First detection of human hepegivirus-1 (HHpgV-1) in Iranian patients with hemophilia
    Yazdan Bijvand, Mohammad Reza Aghasadeghi, Fatemeh Sakhaee, Parviz Pakzad, Farzam Vaziri, Alireza Azizi Saraji, Fatemeh Rahimi Jamnani, Seyed Davar Siadat, Abolfazl Fateh
    Scientific Reports.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of TRIM5 and TRIM22 polymorphisms on treatment responses in Iranian patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection
    Setareh Mobasheri, Nazanin Irani, Abbas Akhavan Sepahi, Fatemeh Sakhaee, Fatemeh Rahimi Jamnani, Farzam Vaziri, Seyed Davar Siadat, Abolfazl Fateh
    Gene.2018; 676: 95.     CrossRef
  • Data Mining and Machine Learning Algorithms Using IL28B Genotype and Biochemical Markers Best Predicted Advanced Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Hepatitis C
    Hend Ibrahim Shousha, Abubakr Hussein Awad, Dalia Abdelhamid Omran, Mayada Mohamed Elnegouly, Mahasen Mabrouk
    Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases.2018; 71(1): 51.     CrossRef
  • IL28B rs12980275 and HLA rs4273729 genotypes as a powerful predictor factor for rapid, early, and sustained virologic response in patients with chronic hepatitis C
    Parvaneh Sedighimehr, Shiva Irani, Fatemeh Sakhaee, Farzam Vaziri, Mohammadreza Aghasadeghi, Seyed Mehdi Sadat, Fatemeh Rahimi Jamnani, Abolfazl Fateh, Seyed Davar Siadat
    Archives of Virology.2017; 162(1): 181.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of Direct Sequencing, Real-Time PCR-High Resolution Melt (PCR-HRM) and PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) Analysis for Genotyping of Common Thiopurine Intolerant Variant Alleles NUDT15 c.415C>T and TPMT c.719A>G (TPMT*3C)
    Wai-Ying Fong, Chi-Chun Ho, Wing-Tat Poon
    Diagnostics.2017; 7(2): 27.     CrossRef
  • Effect of IL15 rs10833 and SCARB1 rs10846744 on virologic responses in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin
    Sahar Sadeghi, Mehdi Davari, Esmaeil Asli, Safoora Gharibzadeh, Farzam Vaziri, Fatemeh Rahimi Jamnani, Abolfazl Fateh, Seyed Davar Siadat
    Gene.2017; 630: 28.     CrossRef
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    Reza Shirzad, Zari Tahan-nejad, Javad Mohamadi-asl, Mohammad Seghatoleslami, Ahmad Ahmadzadeh, Amal Saki Malehi, Najmaldin Saki
    Comparative Clinical Pathology.2017; 26(1): 25.     CrossRef
  • A comparative study of various methods for detection ofIL28Brs12979860 in chronic hepatitis C
    Seyed Hamidreza Monavari, Roohollah Fateh, Farzam Vaziri, Fatemeh Rahimi Jamnani, Enayat Anvari, Farzin Sadeghi, Parviz Afrough, Ava Behrouzi, Fatemeh Sakhaee, Sepideh Meidaninikjeh, Hamidreza Mollaie, Alireza Hadizadeh Tasbiti, Shamsi Yari, Maryam Sadegh
    Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory In.2017; 77(4): 247.     CrossRef
  • EGFR rs11506105 and IFNL3 SNPs but not rs8099917 are strongly associated with treatment responses in Iranian patients with chronic hepatitis C
    M Asnavandi, M Zargar, F Vaziri, F R Jamnani, S Gharibzadeh, A Fateh, S D Siadat
    Genes & Immunity.2017; 18(3): 144.     CrossRef
  • Genetic Variation in Interleukin-28B and Response to Peg-IFNα-2a/RBV Combination Therapy in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Infection
    Farah Bokharaei-Salim, Mostafa Salehi-Vaziri, Farzin Sadeghi, Khadijeh Khanaliha, Maryam Esghaei, Seyed Hamidreza Monavari, Seyed Moayed Alavian, Shahin Fakhim, Hossein Keyvani
    Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology.2016;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Modeling Chagas Disease at Population Level to Explain Venezuela's Real Data
Gilberto González-Parra, Benito M. Chen-Charpentier, Moises Bermúdez
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2015;6(5):288-301.
Published online October 31, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2015.09.001
Objectives
In this paper we present an age-structured epidemiological model for Chagas disease. This model includes the interactions between human and vector populations that transmit Chagas disease.
Methods
The human population is divided into age groups since the proportion of infected individuals in this population changes with age as shown by real prevalence data. Moreover, the age-structured model allows more accurate information regarding the prevalence, which can help to design more specific control programs. We apply this proposed model to data from the country of Venezuela for two periods, 1961–1971, and 1961–1991 taking into account real demographic data for these periods.
Results
Numerical computer simulations are presented to show the suitability of the age-structured model to explain the real data regarding prevalence of Chagas disease in each of the age groups. In addition, a numerical simulation varying the death rate of the vector is done to illustrate prevention and control strategies against Chagas disease.
Conclusion
The proposed model can be used to determine the effect of control strategies in different age groups.

Citations

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  • A description of the epidemiological dynamics of Chagas disease via mathematical modeling
    Rafael Lozada-Yavina, Carolina Marchant, Beatriz Cancino-Faure, Erix W. Hernández-Rodríguez, Fernando Córdova-Lepe
    Acta Tropica.2023; 243: 106930.     CrossRef
  • Mathematical modeling and numerical simulations of Zika in Colombia considering mutation
    Diego F. Aranda L., Gilberto González-Parra, Tommaso Benincasa
    Mathematics and Computers in Simulation.2019; 163: 1.     CrossRef
  • Modeling Chagas disease in Chile: From vector to congenital transmission
    Mauricio Canals, Dante Cáceres, Sergio Alvarado, Andrea Canals, Pedro E. Cattan
    Biosystems.2017; 156-157: 63.     CrossRef
  • 6,164 View
  • 26 Download
  • Crossref
TEM and SHV Genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Cockroaches and Their Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern
Abbas Doosti, Mohammad Pourabbas, Asghar Arshi, Mohammad Chehelgerdi, Hamidreza Kabiri
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2015;6(1):3-8.
Published online February 28, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.10.011
Objectives
<i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> is a gram-negative rod bacterium, a known cause of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and is an important hospital-acquired pathogen that causes severe morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to identify the TEM and SHV genes in <i>K. pneumoniae</i> isolated from cockroaches obtained from hospitals.
Methods
In this study, 250 cockroaches were collected from different hospitals in the province of Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari, which is located in southwest Iran. The samples were examined for the presence of <i>K. pneumoniae</i> by plating onto a combination of culture media, and the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolated <i>K. pneumoniae</i> from samples were evaluated using the disk diffusion test. In addition, from the culture, genomic bacterial DNA was extracted, and sequence-specific targets (TEM and SHV genes) were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.
Results
Out of 250 cockroach samples collected from various hospitals, 179 samples (71.60%) were positive for <i>K. pneumoniae</i>. PCR reaction was performed using specific oligonucleotide primers (TEM-F, TEM-R and SHV-F, SHV-R) for the amplification of each gene, and amplified products were visualized on 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. Of all the specimens amplified by PCR in this research, 32 samples (17.87%) were positive for TEM and 15 samples (8.37%) were positive for SHV.
Conclusion
Detection of TEM and SHV genes using molecular methods and their pattern of antimicrobial resistance can provide useful information about the epidemiology of and risk factors associated with <i>K. pneumoniae</i> infection.

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  • Combatting multidrug resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae : mechanisms, global trends, and innovative therapeutic strategies
    Mahavir Joshi, Smile Sharma, Babita Thakur, Sukhminderjit Kaur, Hippolyte Tene Mouafo
    Future Microbiology.2026; 21(3): 329.     CrossRef
  • Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence, and Genomic Characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated From Four Host Sources in Northeast China
    Qiu Xu, Cuilong Fan, Yaowei Liu, Xiaofeng Lu, Wei Song, Susu Du, Yao Zhu, Fang Xie, Wanjiang Zhang, Zhong Peng
    Transboundary and Emerging Diseases.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Microbiological quality assessment of potential pathogenic bacteria and multidrug resistance patterns in commercial electrolyte drinks in Dhaka, Bangladesh
    Sananda Saha, Ayesha Maliha Khan, Fahim Kabir Monjurul Haque, Mengistu Hailemariam Zenebe
    PLOS One.2026; 21(6): e0336888.     CrossRef
  • Whole -genome sequencing and comparative genomics analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from animal source foods
    Mufeeda Beegum, P.T. Waseem Mirsab, Bilal Ahmad Malla, Dharavath Premkumar, Zunjar Baburao Dubal, Obli Rajendran VinodhKumar
    The Microbe.2025; 6: 100274.     CrossRef
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    ASHOK BOORA, SARITA YADAV, SUNITA YADAV, ASHOK BALHARA, SUNESH BALHARA, NISHU DHAKA, NISHA VERMA, ANIL KUMAR, RAJESH KUMAR LOHCHAB
    The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences.2025; 95(6): 497.     CrossRef
  • Review: Antimicrobial resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from poultry, cattle and pigs
    B. Kot, M. Witeska
    animal.2024; 18(11): 101345.     CrossRef
  • Is It Time to Start Worrying? A Comprehensive Report on the Three-Year Prevalence of ESBL-Producing Bacteria and Their Trends in Antibiotic Resistance from the Largest University Hospital in Slovakia
    Yashar Jalali, Andrea Kološová, Adriána Liptáková, Ján Kyselovič, Anna Oleárová, Monika Jalali, Juraj Payer
    Pharmaceuticals.2024; 17(11): 1517.     CrossRef
  • RETRACTED ARTICLE: Novel adjuvant nano-vaccine induced immune response against Acinetobacter baumannii
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    AMB Express.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Virulence factors, antibiotic resistance patterns, and molecular types of clinical isolates of Klebsiella Pneumoniae
    Mitra Ahmadi, Reza Ranjbar, Payam Behzadi, Taher Mohammadian
    Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy.2022; 20(3): 463.     CrossRef
  • Detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae antibiotic-resistant genes: An impending source of multidrug resistance dissemination through raw food
    Kashaf Junaid, Hasan Ejaz, Sonia Younas, Awadh Alanazi, Humaira Yasmeen, Abdul Rehman
    Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences.2022; 29(5): 3347.     CrossRef
  • First Report of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase ( bla CTX-M1 ) and Colistin Resistance Gene mcr-1 in E. coli of Lineage ST648 from Cockroaches in Tunisia
    Sarrah Landolsi, Rachid Selmi, Linda Hadjadj, Asma Ben Haj Yahia, Kaouther Ben Romdhane, Lilia Messadi, Jean Marc Rolain, Courtney J. Robinson
    Microbiology Spectrum.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Phenotypic and genotypic detection of extended spectrum beta lactamase enzyme in Klebsiella pneumoniae
    Aso Bakr Mohammed, Khanda Abdullateef Anwar, Monica Cartelle Gestal
    PLOS ONE.2022; 17(9): e0267221.     CrossRef
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    Mohammad Chehelgerdi, Reza Ranjbar
    3 Biotech.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Sheida Beiranvand, Abbas Doosti, Seyed Abbas Mirzaei
    Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2021; 96: 105138.     CrossRef
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    Bingjie Wang, Fen Pan, Chun Wang, Wantong Zhao, Yan Sun, Tiandong Zhang, Yingying Shi, Hong Zhang
    International Journal of Infectious Diseases.2020; 93: 311.     CrossRef
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    Qi Xu, Fen Pan, Yan Sun, Chun Wang, Yingying Shi, Tiandong Zhang, Fangyuan Yu, Hong Zhang
    Infection and Drug Resistance.2020; Volume 13: 4405.     CrossRef
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    Hassan Nasirian, Michael Rust
    Journal of Medical Entomology.2019; 56(6): 1534.     CrossRef
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    Nourhane Hafza, Caren Challita, Iman Dandachi, Mounir Bousaab, Elias Dahdouh, Ziad Daoud
    Journal of Infection and Public Health.2018; 11(3): 393.     CrossRef
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    Joel M. Gichumbi, Holger B. Friedrich, Bernard Omondi, Kovashnee Naicker, Moganavelli Singh, Hafizah Y. Chenia
    Journal of Coordination Chemistry.2018; 71(2): 342.     CrossRef
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    Jeongjin Kim, Tian Ding, Juhee Ahn
    FEMS Microbiology Letters.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Lotfi Loucif, Djamila Gacemi-Kirane, Zineb Cherak, Naima Chamlal, Nadia Grainat, Jean-Marc Rolain
    Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.2016; 60(10): 6377.     CrossRef
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  • 66 Download
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Exposure to Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and the Risk of Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Jae-Hong Park, Eun Shil Cha, Yousun Ko, Myung-Sil Hwang, Jin-Hwan Hong, Won Jin Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2014;5(2):77-84.
Published online April 30, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.02.001
Objectives
This study extended and updated a meta-analysis of the association between exposure to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and the risk of breast cancer.
Methods
We reviewed the published literature on exposure to DDE and breast cancer risk to update a meta-analysis from 2004. The total of 35 studies included 16 hospital-based case–control studies, 11 population-based case–control studies, and 10 nested case–control studies identified through keyword searches in the PubMed and EMBASE databases.
Results
The summary odds ratio (OR) for the identified studies was 1.03 (95% confidence interval 0.95–1.12) and the overall heterogeneity in the OR was observed (<i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 40.9; <i>p</i> = 0.006). Subgroup meta-analyses indicated no significant association between exposure to DDE and breast cancer risk by the type of design, study years, biological specimen, and geographical region of the study, except from population-based case–control studies with estimated DDE levels in serum published in 1990s.
Conclusion
Existing studies do not support the view that DDE increases the risk of breast cancer in humans. However, further studies incorporating more detailed information on DDT exposure and other potential risk factors for breast cancer are needed.

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    Sarah M. Bernhardt, Carrie D. House
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Obesity and Asian Americans in the United States: Systematic Literature Review
Sanggon Nam
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2013;4(4):187-193.
Published online August 31, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2013.06.001
Objectives
Obesity is one of the most serious health problems in the world today. Asian Americans are usually less overweight and obese than African Americans and Hispanic Americans, but the rate of obesity in Asian Americans is still increasing, especially in younger generations. This research examines Asian American obesity using existing research, as a means of finding the need for greater emphasis on Asian American obesity intervention research.
Methods
In this research literature review, Asian American obesity using existing research as a means of finding the need for greater emphasis on Asian American obesity intervention research is examined. A systematic review is done in order to find Asian American obesity research, due to the minimal amount of existing studies. In total, there were only nine papers which were not duplicates and which still met the criteria for inclusion, from an initial 106 papers.
Results
There is very little research on obesity in Asian Americans. Although the rate of obesity among Asian Americans is increasing, there are few related articles, projects, and surveys, and there is little information. There is a need for more specific and in-depth analysis of Asian American obesity. Asian Americans are associated with a lower waist circumference (WC) and BMI, while Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders are associated with a higher WC and BMI. Typically, Asian Americans who were born in the United States (US) tend to be overweight and more obese than those born in foreign countries.
Conclusion
Based on this literature review, it is concluded that there is a shortage of Asian American obesity research, even though there is an evident need for particular obesity intervention programs that target Asian Americans.

Citations

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  • STRIVE, San Diego! Methodology of a Community-Based Participatory Intervention to Enhance Healthy Dining at Asian and Pacific Islander Restaurants
    Sarah Oropeza, Mary Grace Sadile, Chantine Nguyen Phung, Moana Cabiles, Sandy Spackman, Myleen Abuan, Fe Seligman, Maria Rosario Araneta
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Modeling for Estimating Influenza Patients from ILI Surveillance Data in Korea
Joo-Sun Lee, Sun-Hee Park, Jin-Woong Moon, Jacob Lee, Yong Gyu Park, Yong Kyun Roh
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2011;2(2):89-93.
Published online June 30, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2011.08.001
Objective
Prediction of influenza incidence among outpatients from an influenza surveillance system is important for public influenza strategy.
Methods
We developed two influenza prediction models through influenza surveillance data of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (each year, each province and metropolitan city; total reported patients with influenza-like illness stratified by age) for 6 years from 2005 to 2010 and disease-specific data (influenza code J09-J11, monthly number of influenza patients, total number of outpatients and hospital visits) from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment service.
Results
Incidence of influenza in each area, year, and month was estimated from our prediction models, which were validated by simulation processes. For example, in November 2009, Seoul and Joenbuk, the final number of influenza patients calculated by prediction models A and B underestimated actual reported cases by 64 and 833 patients, respectively, in Seoul and 6 and 9 patients, respectively, in Joenbuk. R-square demonstrated that prediction model A was more suitable than model B for estimating the number of influenza patients.
Conclusion
Our prediction models from the influenza surveillance system could estimate the nationwide incidence of influenza. This prediction will provide important basic data for national quarantine activities and distributing medical resources in future pandemics.

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    Chaeshin Chu, Sunmi Lee
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    Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2015; 6(1): 1.     CrossRef
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    Young June Choe, Hyunju Lee, Hoan Jong Lee, Eun Hwa Choi
    Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy.2015; 13(6): 741.     CrossRef
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    Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2013; 4(3): 125.     CrossRef
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    Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2013; 4(5): 223.     CrossRef
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    Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2013; 4(4): 177.     CrossRef
  • A Tale of Two Fields: Mathematical and Statistical Modeling of Infectious Diseases
    Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2011; 2(2): 73.     CrossRef
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Brief Report

Registration of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Lines: Korea, 2010
Ji-Yoon Lee, Dae-Yeon Lee, Young-Sil Choi, Kyoung-Jae Lee, Yong-Ou Kim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2011;2(2):141-147.
Published online June 30, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2011.07.002
In an effort to increase the credibility of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines established in Korea, obligatory registration was introduced by the Bioethics and Safety Act 2008, effective as of January 1, 2010.The DNA fingerprint, chromosome stability, expression of pluripotency markers, and contamination of mycoplasma of the submitted lines were analyzed by Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC). The characterization data and ethical aspects, such as informed consent for donation of surplus embryos, were reviewed by a 10-member advisory review committee for stem cell registry.A total of 55 domestic hESC lines were submitted for registration in 2010; among them 51 were registered. Among these submitted lines, 26 were additionally characterized by KCDC, while 25 lines previously characterized by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology were not additionally analyzed by KCDC.Registration completed an oversight system for embryo research by registering the products of licensed embryo research projects, making embryo research more transparent in Korea. Information about hESC lines is available at the website of the Korea Stem Cell Registry (kscr.nih.go.kr).

Citations

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  • Guidelines for managing and using the digital phenotypes of pluripotent stem cell lines
    Christine A. Wells, Anke Guhr, Amos Bairoch, Ying Chen, Mengqi Hu, Peter Löser, Tenneille E. Ludwig, Nancy Mah, Sabine C. Mueller, Andrea E.M. Seiler Wulczyn, Stefanie Seltmann, Bella Rossbach, Andreas Kurtz
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  • DUSP6 is a memory retention feedback regulator of ERK signaling for cellular resilience of human pluripotent stem cells in response to dissociation
    Dae Hoon Yoo, Young Sam Im, Ji Young Oh, Dayeon Gil, Yong-Ou Kim
    Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Role of heat shock protein 60 in primed and naïve states of human pluripotent stem cells
    Hong Seo Choi, Hyun Min Lee, Min Kyu Kim, Chun Jeih Ryu, Johnson Rajasingh
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    Mostafa Samak, Rabea Hinkel
    Cells.2019; 8(12): 1530.     CrossRef
  • Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component 1 suppresses the p53 and Wnt/β-catenin pathways to promote human pluripotent stem cell self-renewal
    Ji Yea Kim, So Young Kim, Hong Seo Choi, Min Kyu Kim, Hyun Min Lee, Young-Joo Jang, Chun Jeih Ryu
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  • hPSCreg—the human pluripotent stem cell registry
    Stefanie Seltmann, Fritz Lekschas, Robert Müller, Harald Stachelscheid, Marie-Sophie Bittner, Weiping Zhang, Luam Kidane, Anna Seriola, Anna Veiga, Glyn Stacey, Andreas Kurtz
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Original Article
Mathematical Modeling of Vibrio vulnificus Infection in Korea and the Influence of Global Warming
Chaeshin Chu, Younghae Do, Yongkuk Kim, Yasuhisa Saito, Sun-Dong Lee, Haemo Park, Jong-Koo Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2011;2(1):51-58.
Published online June 30, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2011.05.002
Objectives
To investigate the possible link between <i>Vibrio vulnificus</i> population size in seawater and water temperature.
Methods
We collected incidence and water temperature data in coastal regions of Korea and constructed a mathematical model that consisted of three classes; susceptible fish, infected fish available to humans, and infected humans.
Results
We developed a mathematical model to connect <i>V. vulnificus</i> incidence with water temperature using estimated bacterial population sizes and actual coastal water temperatures.
Conclusion
Increased <i>V. vulnificus</i> population sizes in marine environments may increase the risk of infection in people who eat at coastal restaurants in Korea. Furthermore, we estimated the near-future number of infected patients using our model, which will help to establish a public-health policy to reduce the disease burden.

Citations

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  • Predicting the Global Distribution of Vibrio vulnificus Under Changing Climate Scenarios
    Jan Andrew L. Bautista, Christine R. Hernaez, Jose Carlos L. Nicdao, Jed Miguel P. Santos, Loida M. Recopuerto-Medina, Nikki Heherson A. Dagamac
    EcoHealth.2026; 23(3): 556.     CrossRef
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    Frederic Lamoth, Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis, Anuradha Chowdhary
    mBio.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Simulating Vibrio vulnificus in the Ala Wai Canal using a coupled microbial-hydrodynamic numerical model
    Emma S. Nuss, Brian Powell, Conor Jerolmon, Olivia D. Nigro, Andrian P. Gajigan, Shaun Giancaterino, Grieg F. Steward
    Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science.2025; 313: 109113.     CrossRef
  • Impact of the future coastal water temperature scenarios on the risk of potential growth of pathogenic Vibrio marine bacteria
    Habiba Ferchichi, André St-Hilaire, Taha B.M.J. Ouarda, Benoît Lévesque
    Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science.2021; 250: 107094.     CrossRef
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    Jungsook Kim, Byung Chul Chun
    International Journal of Environmental Research an.2021; 18(9): 4439.     CrossRef
  • Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Vibrio spp. within the Sydney Harbour Estuary
    Nachshon Siboni, Varunan Balaraju, Richard Carney, Maurizio Labbate, Justin R. Seymour
    Frontiers in Microbiology.2016;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Genotypic Diversity and Population Structure of Vibrio vulnificus Strains Isolated in Taiwan and Korea as Determined by Multilocus Sequence Typing
    Hye-Jin Kim, Jae-Chang Cho, Paul J Planet
    PLOS ONE.2015; 10(11): e0142657.     CrossRef
  • From canonical to non-canonical cyclic nucleotides as second messengers: Pharmacological implications
    Roland Seifert, Erich H. Schneider, Heike Bähre
    Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2015; 148: 154.     CrossRef
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    Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
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    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2014; 5(5): 243.     CrossRef
  • Summing Up Again
    Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2014; 5(4): 177.     CrossRef
  • Years of Epidemics (2009–2011): Pandemic Influenza and Foot-and-Mouth Disease Epidemic in Korea
    Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2013; 4(3): 125.     CrossRef
  • The Road Less Traveled
    Chaeshin Chu
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2011; 2(1): 1.     CrossRef
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  • 31 Download
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