Table 1Sample characteristics of men who have sex with men (MSM) respondents and prevalence of suicidality by sociodemographic characteristics (N = 873).*
|
Sample
|
Perceived stress
|
Perceived depression
|
Suicidal ideation
|
Suicidal attempt
|
n
|
% |
% |
% |
% |
% |
Overall percentage |
|
|
|
|
32.3 |
3.3 |
Age (y) |
Mean (SD): 31.6 (9.2) |
|
|
p = 0.04 |
p = 0.01 |
p = 0.01 |
NS |
19–29 |
431 |
49.4 |
44.8 |
41.8 |
29.2 |
3.2 |
30–39 |
261 |
29.9 |
53.6 |
48.7 |
40.6 |
3.4 |
40–49 |
135 |
15.5 |
40.0 |
41.5 |
29.6 |
3.7 |
50–59 |
46 |
5.3 |
43.5 |
21.7 |
21.7 |
2.2 |
Education |
|
|
p = 0.02 |
NS |
p = 0.02 |
p = 0.05 |
High school or less |
263 |
30.1 |
44.9 |
44.1 |
36.9 |
4.6 |
2-y college |
146 |
16.7 |
57.5 |
44.5 |
37.0 |
5.5 |
≥ 4-y college |
464 |
53.2 |
44.2 |
41.4 |
28.2 |
1.9 |
Current marital status |
|
|
NS |
p < 0.001 |
p = 0.04 |
NS |
Never married |
777 |
89.0 |
47.6 |
44.8 |
33.5 |
3.6 |
Married/divorced/separated |
96 |
11.0 |
38.5 |
26.0 |
22.9 |
1.0 |
Sexual identity |
|
|
NS |
p = 0.02 |
p = 0.03 |
NS |
Heterosexual |
13 |
1.5 |
53.8 |
30.8 |
15.4 |
0.0 |
Gay/homosexual |
576 |
66.0 |
46.4 |
45.7 |
34.7 |
3.5 |
Bisexual |
249 |
28.5 |
47.0 |
37.3 |
27.3 |
3.6 |
Transgender |
7 |
0.8 |
42.9 |
57.1 |
42.9 |
0.0 |
Not sure/don't know |
28 |
3.2 |
46.4 |
32.1 |
32.1 |
0.0 |
Status of coming out |
|
|
p = 0.03 |
p < 0.001 |
p < 0.001 |
p < 0.001 |
No, no intention |
561 |
64.3 |
43.1 |
36.5 |
26.6 |
1.2 |
No, but thinking |
130 |
14.9 |
49.2 |
45.4 |
36.9 |
3.8 |
Yes, voluntarily (coming out) |
157 |
18.0 |
54.8 |
59.2 |
43.3 |
8.3 |
Yes, but by others (outing) |
25 |
2.9 |
60.0 |
64.0 |
68.0 |
16.0 |
Table 2Self-perceived stigmas against homosexuals (N = 873).*
I think |
Strongly agree |
Agree |
Neutral |
Disagree |
Strongly disagree |
Homosexuals have been discriminated against in employment |
44.9 |
31.7 |
13.2 |
5.6 |
4.6 |
Homosexuals have been treated with less respect than others |
42.6 |
37.1 |
11.3 |
5.8 |
3.1 |
Homosexuals can be avoided by others |
23.5 |
37.6 |
22.0 |
13.9 |
3.1 |
Homosexuals have encountered embarrassing situations or been exposed to ridicule |
40.5 |
40.9 |
13.5 |
3.8 |
1.3 |
Mean (SD) |
16 (3.1) |
|
|
|
|
Table 3Comparison of perceived stress, perceived depression, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts between men who have sex with men (MSM) and the general male population.
|
2014 MSM survey (N = 873)
|
2013 KNHNES (N = 2,581)
|
n
|
% |
n
|
% |
Perceived stress*** |
407 |
46.7 |
518 |
20.1 |
Perceived depression*** |
373 |
42.7 |
190 |
7.4 |
Suicidal ideation*** |
282 |
32.3 |
100 |
3.9 |
Suicide attempts*** |
29 |
3.3 |
18 |
0.7 |
Table 4Correlates of variables.*
|
Sexual Identity |
Status of coming out |
Perceived stigma |
Stress |
Depression |
Suicidal ideation |
Suicide attempts |
Sexual identity |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Coming out |
0.23** |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
Perceived stigma |
0.03 |
0.11*** |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
Stress |
−0.01 |
0.19*** |
0.16*** |
1.00 |
|
|
|
Depression |
−0.08* |
0.19*** |
0.06 |
0.44*** |
1.00 |
|
|
Suicidal ideation |
−0.07* |
0.19*** |
0.09* |
0.36** |
0.56** |
1.00 |
|
Suicide attempts |
−0.01 |
0.19*** |
−0.03 |
0.11** |
0.18** |
0.25** |
1.00 |
Table 5Multiple logistic regression analyses for mental health outcomes (N = 873).
|
Perceived stress
|
Perceived depression
|
Suicidal ideation
|
OR |
95% CI |
OR |
95% CI |
OR |
95% CI |
Age (y) |
19–29 |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
30–39 |
1.42* |
1.03–1.96 |
1.28 |
0.90–1.84 |
1.79** |
1.18–2.71 |
40–49 |
0.83 |
0.55–1.25 |
1.29 |
0.82–2.03 |
1.28 |
0.76–2.18 |
50–59 |
1.04 |
0.56–1.96 |
0.37 |
0.17–0.83 |
1.40 |
0.57–3.44 |
Education |
≥ 2-y college |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
High school or less |
0.92 |
0.68– 1.25 |
1.17 |
0.83–1.65 |
1.57* |
1.05–2.33 |
Sexual identity |
Bisexual/heterosexual/other |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
Gay |
0.84 |
0.62–1.13 |
1.34 |
0.96–1.87 |
1.09 |
0.73–1.62 |
Status of coming out |
No, no intention |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
No, but thinking |
1.42 |
0.95–2.12 |
1.31 |
0.84–2.05 |
1.46 |
0.87–2.45 |
Yes, voluntarily (coming out) |
1.85** |
1.27–2.71 |
2.31*** |
1.52–3.51 |
1.48 |
0.92–2.37 |
Yes, but by others (outing) |
2.07 |
0.89–4.80 |
2.48* |
0.99–6.19 |
5.17*** |
1.74–15.35 |
Perceived stigma |
1.10** |
1.06–1.16 |
1.01 |
0.96–1.06 |
1.05 |
0.99–1.11 |
Little, none |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Very much, much |
|
|
6.19*** |
4.54–8.44 |
1.78** |
1.22–2.59 |
Perceived depression |
No |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yes |
|
|
|
|
12.39*** |
8.35–18.40 |