Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives

Volume 10(4); August 2019

Editorial

Enemy at the Gate: Hae-Wol Cho; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2019;10(4):203-204. Published online August 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.4.01

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Original Articles

Gender Differences in Harmful Use of Alcohol Among Korean Adults: Eunok Park, Yeon Sook Kim; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2019;10(4):205-214. Published online August 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.4.02

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3 Citations

Abstract PDF

Objectives

Harmful alcohol consumption is associated with considerable social and economic damage to individuals and society. Because gender and ethnic background influence alcohol intake differently, examining gender specific factors influencing harmful drinking is necessary. This study investigated gender differences in alcohol consumption, harmful drinking, and the associated factors among Korean adults.

Methods

We analyzed the data from the 2012–2015 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Data from survey participants aged 20–64 years (N = 18,581) were included. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test was used for alcohol dependence, and pooled weights were used. Chi-squared tests and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted.

Results

The prevalence of harmful alcohol use (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test score ≥ 16) was 10.7% in the total sample; 18.4% in men and 3.4% in women, which constituted a significant difference. Education, marital status, smoking, perceived stress, and depressive feeling were associated with harmful drinking in both genders. However, household income, occupation, and perceived health status were associated with harmful drinking only in men.

Conclusion

Since there are gender differences in harmful drinking and alcohol dependence, gender tailored prevention and intervention strategies for alcohol dependence are necessary including consideration of smoking, stress, and depressive feeling.

Citations

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Characteristics and Clinical Course of Diabetes of the Exocrine Pancreas: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Nami Lee, So Jeong Park, Dongwoo Kang, Ja Young Jeon, Hae Jin Kim, Dae Jung Kim, Kwan-Woo Lee, Edward J. Boyko, Seung Jin Han
Diabetes Care.2022; 45(5): 1141. CrossRef
Harmful alcohol use among mothers of under-five child: findings from the Panel Study on Korean Children
Seulgi Kim, Seung-Ah Choe, Sung-Il Cho
BMC Women's Health.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Associations between Harmful Experiences from Alcohol Use of Others and Mental Health in Korean Adolescents
Mi Ah Han
International Journal of Environmental Research an.2019; 16(21): 4240. CrossRef

Risk of Water and Food-Borne Communicable Diseases in Travelers Entering Korea: Kyung Sook Jung, Yu Mi Jang, Ji Hye Hwang, Gi Jun Park, Tae Jong Son; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2019;10(4):215-220. Published online August 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.4.03

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Abstract PDF: Objectives
It was supposed to analyze status and affecting factors in water and food-borne communicable disease by screening entrants with diarrhea symptom at the point of entry in Korea
Methods
Symptomatic travelers with water and food-borne communicable diseases who entered Korea were diagnosed by a health declaration and detection of causative agents in water and food using laboratory tests. Among those entered in 2017, the affecting factors in the incidence of communicable diseases among those who had diarrhea at the entry into Korea, were analyzed, with frequency and chi-square test.
Results
The number of travel entrants with gastrointestinal communicable diseases increased by 40.19% from 2013 to 2017. The percentage of causative agents of water and food-borne communicable diseases was the highest at 69.2% from July to September. The rate of detection of causative agents of communicable disease pathogens in travelers from Southeast Asia entering Korea was 70.2%, which was higher than people arriving from East Asia and Central Asia (57.5%; p < 0.001).
Conclusion
The positive ratio of causative agents of water and food-borne communicable diseases was high among travelers that had entered Korea from July to September, with a high number among entrants from Southeast Asia. Based on the positive detection of causative agents, the entry period and countries visited were statistically significant affecting factors (p < 0.001).

The Relationship Between Health-Promoting Lifestyle and Its Related Factors with Self-Efficacy and Well-Being of Students: Mohammad Amiri, Reza Chaman, Ahmad Khosravi; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2019;10(4):221-227. Published online August 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.4.04

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6 Citations

Abstract PDF

Objectives

Unhealthy lifestyles among young people are seriously related to incapacity and health problems in adulthood. The aim of this study was to determine the importance of a health-promoting lifestyle and its association with self-efficacy and well-being.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, a sample of 500 students from Shahroud University of Medical Sciences (Shahroud, Iran) were randomly selected in 2017. The Persian versions of Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile, Self-Efficacy Scale, and WHO-5 Well-Being Index were used.

Results

Among the participants, 34% of students had an abnormal imaginable well-being, and 68% of students had high self-efficacy. The mean score of a health-promoting lifestyle was 127.47 ± 19.78, which is interpreted as moderate, and the mean score of physical activity was 14.10 ± 4.95, which is poor. There was a significant relationship between well-being, and self-efficacy with health-promoting lifestyle. Age, gender, educational level, place of residence, student employment, self-efficacy, and well-being were associated with students’ lifestyles.

Conclusion

A health-promoting lifestyle of students in this study was moderate and they did not have an acceptable level of physical activity. The direct effect of well-being, and self-efficacy on lifestyle, revising students’ curriculums to improve their health behaviors, and general health indicators, can all lead to the enhancement of health-promoting lifestyles.

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Olivia A. Merritt, Karen Rowa, Christine L. Purdon
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Rita Doumit, Maha Habre, Rebecca Cattan, Joelle Abi Kharma, Beena Davis
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Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışları ve Sağlık Okuryazarlık Düzeyleri
Şenay AKGÜN, Hümeyra HANÇER TOK, Duygu OZTAŞ
Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Lifestyle in Female Teachers: Educational Intervention Based on Self-Efficacy Theory in the South of Fars Province, Iran
Fariba Abbasi, Leila Ghahremani, Mahin Nazari, Mohammad Fararouei, Zakieh Khoramaki, Matteo Curcuruto
BioMed Research International.2021; 2021: 1. CrossRef
Investigation of Health-Promoting Lifestyle and its Determinants Among Students of Medical Sciences in Iran
Mohammad Amiri, Ahmad Khosravi, Niloofar Aboozarzadeh, Leila Khojasteh, Zakieh Sadeghi, Mehdi Raei
The Open Public Health Journal.2020; 13(1): 627. CrossRef
Study of the Relationship Between Self-Efficacy, General Health and Burnout Among Iranian Health Workers
Mohammad Amiri, Hassan Vahedi, Seyed Reza Mirhoseini, Ahmad Reza Eghtesadi, Ahmad Khosravi
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2019; 10(6): 359. CrossRef

The Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Exposure to Aflatoxin M₁ in Ultra-High Temperature and Pasteurized Milk in Hamadan Province of Iran: Amir Sasan Mozaffari Nejad, Ali Heshmati, Tayebe Ghiasvand; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2019;10(4):228-233. Published online August 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.4.05

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17 Citations

Abstract PDF

Objectives

Aflatoxins are a category of poisonous compounds found in most plants, milk and dairy products. The present research was carried out to detect the presence of aflatoxin M₁ (AFM₁) in samples of milk collected from Hamadan province, Iran.

Methods

Twenty five samples of ultra-high temperature (UHT) and 63 samples of pasteurized milk were collected and the amount of AFM₁ was measured by an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay method. In addition, the estimated daily intake (EDI) and hazard index (HI) of AFM₁ was determined by the following equations:(EDI= mean concentration of AFM₁ × daily consumption of milk/body weight; HI= EDI/Tolerance Daily Intake).

Results

AFM₁ was detected in 21 (84%) UHT milk samples and in 55 (87.30%) pasteurized milk samples. Seven (28%) samples of UHT and 21 (33.33%) pasteurized milk samples had higher AFM₁ content than the limit allowed in the European Union and Iranian National Standard Limits (0.05 μg/kg). None of the samples exceeded the US Food and Drug Administration limit (0.5 μg/kg) for AFM₁. EDI and HI for AM₁ through milk were 0.107 ng/kg body weight/day, and 0.535, respectively.

Conclusion

A significant percentage of milk produced by different factories in Iran (84% of UHT and 87.3% of pasteurized milk) was contaminated with AFM₁. Therefore, more control and monitoring of livestock feeding in dairy companies may help reduce milk contamination with AFM₁. As the HI value was lower than 1, it can be assumed that there was no risk of developing liver cancer due to milk consumption.

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Fatma Ali Alsalabi, Zahoor Ul Hassan, Roda F. Al-Thani, Samir Jaoua
Heliyon.2023; 9(1): e12835. CrossRef
Aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy products: global occurrence and potential decontamination strategies
Khurram Muaz, Muhammad Riaz, Carlos Augusto Fernandes de Oliveira, Saeed Akhtar, Shinawar Waseem Ali, Habibullah Nadeem, Sungkwon Park, Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian
Toxin Reviews.2022; 41(2): 588. CrossRef
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Rhea Sanjiv Chhaya, John O'Brien, Enda Cummins
Trends in Food Science & Technology.2022; 126: 126. CrossRef
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Mahtab Einolghozati, Ali Heshmati, Freshteh Mehri
Toxin Reviews.2022; 41(4): 1163. CrossRef
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Eleni Malissiova, Georgia Soultani, Konstantina Tsokana, Mary Alexandraki, Athanasios Manouras
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Aflatoxin M1 in distributed milks in northwestern Iran: occurrence, seasonal variation, and risk assessment
Seyyed Ahmad Mokhtari, Ali Nemati, Mehdi Fazlzadeh, Eslam Moradi-Asl, Vahid Taefi Ardabili, Anoshirvan Seddigh
Environmental Science and Pollution Research.2022; 29(27): 41429. CrossRef
Brucellosis in Humans with the Approach of Brucella Species Contamination in Unpasteurized Milk and Dairy Products from Hamadan, Iran
Mohammad Mahdi Majzobi, Pejman Karami, Amir Khodavirdipour, Mohammad Yousef Alikhani
Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology.2022; 16(4): 282. CrossRef
Review, meta-analysis and carcinogenic risk assessment of aflatoxin M1 in different types of milks in Iran
Fatemeh Mortezazadeh, Fathollah Gholami-Borujeni
Reviews on Environmental Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Probabilistic modeling and risk characterization of the chronic aflatoxin M1 exposure of Hungarian consumers
Zsuzsa Farkas, Kata Kerekes, Árpád Ambrus, Miklós Süth, Ferenc Peles, Tünde Pusztahelyi, István Pócsi, Attila Nagy, Péter Sipos, Gabriella Miklós, Anna Lőrincz, Szilveszter Csorba, Ákos Bernard Jóźwiak
Frontiers in Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in doogh, kefir, and kashk in Hamadan, Iran
Mina KHORSHIDI, Ali HESHMATI, Zahra HADIAN, Slim SMAOUI, Amin MOUSAVI KHANEGHAH
Food Science and Technology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Xiaofeng Yue, Xianfeng Ren, Jiayun Fu, Na Wei, Claudio Altomare, Miriam Haidukowski, Antonio F. Logrieco, Qi Zhang, Peiwu Li
Frontiers in Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Chong Cai, Qi Zhang, Seyni Nidiaye, Honglin Yan, Wen Zhang, Xiaoqian Tang, Peiwu Li
Microchemical Journal.2021; 167: 106326. CrossRef
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F. Mwakosya Hilda, K. Mugula Jovin
African Journal of Microbiology Research.2021; 15(9): 461. CrossRef
Multi-mycotoxin occurrence in feed, metabolism and carry-over to animal-derived food products: A review
J. Tolosa, Y. Rodríguez-Carrasco, M.J. Ruiz, P. Vila-Donat
Food and Chemical Toxicology.2021; 158: 112661. CrossRef
Presence of Aflatoxin M1 in Commercial Milk in Paraguay
Andrea Alejandra Arrúa, Pablo David Arrúa, Juliana Moura-Mendes, Cinthia Cazal, Francisco Paulo Ferreira, Cristhian Javier Grabowski, Horacio Daniel Lopez-Nicora, Danilo Fernández Rios
Journal of Food Protection.2021; 84(12): 2128. CrossRef
The Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Aflatoxin M1 in Yoghurt Samples from Hamadan, Iran
Ali Heshmati, Amir Sasan Mozaffari Mozaffari Nejad, Tayebeh Ghyasvand
The Open Public Health Journal.2020; 13(1): 512. CrossRef

Prenatal Secondhand Smoke Exposure: Correlation Between Nicotine in Umbilical Cord Blood and Neonatal Anthropometry: Mery Ramadani, Budi Utomo, Endang L Achadi, Hartono Gunardi; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2019;10(4):234-239. Published online August 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.4.06

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4 Citations

Abstract PDF

Objectives

Nicotine narrows uterine blood vessels reducing the flow of oxygen and nutrients to the developing fetus. This study examined the effects of fetal exposure to secondhand smoke on neonatal anthropometry.

Methods

This cross sectional study recruited 128 pregnant women in the third trimester of single pregnancies who had no chronic illness, were not active or ex-smokers, and who were willing to participate in the study. Pregnant women who were exposed to secondhand smoke had umbilical cord blood nicotine concentrations of ≥ 1 ng/mL. Neonatal anthropometry was assessed according to the newborn birth weight and length. The independent t-test was used to determine the neonatal difference in mean birth weight and length between the women who were exposed to secondhand smoke, and those who were not exposed. A multiple linear regression analysis was employed to assess the effect of secondhand smoke exposure on birth weight and birth length, controlling for potential confounding variables (weight gain during pregnancy, body mass index, parity, maternal age, and maternal hemoglobin).

Results

There were 35 women exposed to secondhand smoke (nicotine ≥ 1 ng/mL). Neonate birth weight and birth length were lower among mothers who were exposed to secondhand smoke. However, only neonate birth weight was significantly reduced by exposure to secondhand smoke (p = 0.005). The mean birth weight of these neonates was 2,916.5 g ± 327.3 g which was 205.6 g less than in unexposed fetuses.

Conclusion

Exposure of mothers to secondhand smoke during pregnancy reduces fetal development and neonatal weight.

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Sex differences and heritability of adrenal steroidogenesis in offspring rats induced by prenatal nicotine exposure
Yawen Chen, Fangfang Duan, Lian Liu, Guanghui Chen, Zheng He, Hegui Huang, Hui Wang
The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular .2022; 221: 106102. CrossRef
Improving the Healthy Family Index to Prevent Stunting among Children aged 0–59 Months in Indonesia
Kadar Ramadhan, Nurfatimah Nurfatimah, Fahmi Hafid, Rudy Hartono, Zakaria Zakaria, Bohari Bohari
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences.2022; 10(E): 752. CrossRef
Cigarette smoke exposure and increased risks of stunting among under-five children
Dyah Dwi Astuti, Tri Widyastuti Handayani, Duwi Pudji Astuti
Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health.2020; 8(3): 943. CrossRef
Nicotine and Its Downstream Metabolites in Maternal and Cord Sera: Biomarkers of Prenatal Smoking Exposure Associated with Offspring DNA Methylation
Parnian Kheirkhah Rahimabad, Thilani M. Anthony, A. Daniel Jones, Shakiba Eslamimehr, Nandini Mukherjee, Susan Ewart, John W. Holloway, Hasan Arshad, Sarah Commodore, Wilfried Karmaus
International Journal of Environmental Research an.2020; 17(24): 9552. CrossRef

Waist Circumference and Spirometric Measurements in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Ali Alavi Foumani, Mohammad Masoud Neyaragh, Zahra Abbasi Ranjbar, Ehsan Kazemnezhad Leyli, Shima Ildari, Alireza Jafari; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2019;10(4):240-245. Published online August 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.4.07

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33 Download
4 Citations

Abstract PDF

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the waist circumference of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), had an impact on lung function.

Methods

There were 180 patients with COPD recruited into this prospective cross-sectional study. The age, weight, body mass index and waist circumference (WC) were measured. Spirometry parameters including forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), were measured and FEV1/FVC calculated.

Results

The mean FEV1/FVC in both normal weight and overweight patients, did not statistically significantly correlate with WC. The COPD assessment test, positively correlated with WC ( p = 0.031). A positive correlation with body mass index ( p < 0.001), smoking ( p = 0.027), and global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease score ( p = 0.009), were observed to positively associate with WC. WC, age, C-reactive protein, duration of disease, and gender (male), were observed to be statistically significant risk factors for the severity of COPD.

Conclusion

WC was not observed to impact upon lung function in this study but it was a predictive factor for COPD severity in patients.

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Blood Levels of Indicators of Lower Respiratory Tract Damage in Chronic Bronchitis in Patients with Abdominal Obesity
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DSuresh Kumar, Richard Samuel, ViolaSavy DSouza, MadhuKeshava Bangera
Indian Journal of Respiratory Care.2022; 11(4): 314. CrossRef
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Yu. I. Ragino, E. A. Kurtukov, D. V. Denisova, Ya. V. Polonskaya, L. V. Shcherbakova
Bulletin of Siberian Medicine.2021; 20(1): 105. CrossRef
Abdominal obesity and the level of markers of lower respiratory tract damage in patients with chronic bronchitis
E.V. Kashtanova, Ya.V. Polonskaya, L.V. Scherbakova, I.I. Logvinenko, E.F. Kurtukov, D.V. Denisova, Yu.I. Ragino
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Cell Death Mechanisms in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Induced by Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Matrix Protein: Yousef Douzandegan, Alireza Tahamtan, Zahra Gray, Hadi Razavi Nikoo, Alijan Tabarraei, Abdolvahab Moradi; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2019;10(4):246-252. Published online August 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.4.08

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9 Citations

Abstract PDF

Objectives

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is under development as an oncolytic virus due to its preferential replication in cancer cells and oncolytic activity, however the viral components responsible have not yet been determined. In this study the effects of VSV wild-type (wt) and M51R-mutant matrix proteins (M51R-mMP) on apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, and autophagy pathways, in an esophagus cancer cell line (KYSE-30) were investigated.

Methods

The KYSE-30 cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1 plasmids encoding wt or M51R-mMP, and apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, and autophagy were evaluated 48 and 72 hours after transfection.

Results

KYSE-30 cells transfected with VSV wt and M51R-mMPs significantly reduced cell viability to < 50% at 72 hours post-transfection. M51R-MP significantly increased the concentration of caspase-8 and caspase-9 at 48 and 72 hours post-transfection, respectively ( p < 0.05). In contrast, no significant changes were detected following transfection with the VSV wt plasmid. Moreover, VSV wt and M51R-mMP transfected cells did not change the expression of caspase-3. VSV wt and M51R-mMPs did not mMP change caspase-1 expression (a marker of pyroptosis) at 48 and 72 hours post-transfection. However, M51R-mMP and VSV wt transfected cells significantly increased RIP-1 (a marker of necroptosis) expression at 72 hours post-infection ( p < 0.05). Beclin-1, a biomarker of autophagy, was also induced by transfection with VSV wt or M51R-mMPs at 48 hours post-transfection.

Conclusion

The results in this study indicated that VSV exerts oncolytic activity in KYSE-30 tumor cells through different cell death pathways, suggesting that M51R-mMP may potentially be used to enhance oncolysis.

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Nano TransMed.2022; 1(1): 9130001. CrossRef
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Isshu Kojima, Fumiki Izumi, Makoto Ozawa, Yoshikazu Fujimoto, Misuzu Okajima, Naoto Ito, Makoto Sugiyama, Tatsunori Masatani
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Yang Yang, LiangLiang Bai, Weiting Liao, Mingyang Feng, Mengxi Zhang, Qiuji Wu, Kexun Zhou, Feng Wen, Wanting Lei, Nan Zhang, Jiaxing Huang, Qiu Li
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Designing and Evaluating Educational Intervention to Improve Preventive Behavior Against Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Endemic Areas in Iran: Musalreza Ghodsi, Mina Maheri, Hamid Joveini, Mohammad Hassan Rakhshani, Ali Mehri; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2019;10(4):253-262. Published online August 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.4.09

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11 Citations

Abstract PDF

Objectives

Health education programs are one of the most important strategies for controlling cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in endemic areas such as Neshabur city. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a comprehensive health education program to improve preventive behaviors for CL.

Methods

This was an interventional study conducted on 136 high school students in Neishabur city. Data collection instruments included a demographic questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire based on the “Health Belief Model” and “Beliefs, Attitudes, Subjective Norms and Enabling Factors Model” constructs. The control and intervention groups completed the questionnaires before and 2 months after the intervention. The intervention was conducted in 6, 1-hour educational sessions for the intervention group students and 2, 1-hour sessions for school administrators, teachers, and students’ parents.

Results

There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the pre-intervention phase. However, in the post-intervention phase, there were significant differences between the 2 groups for mean scores of knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, cues to action, self-efficacy, attitude, subjective norms, behavioral intention, enabling factors, and behavior associated with CL.

Conclusion

Health education program based on the “Health Belief Model” and the “Beliefs, Attitudes, Subjective Norms and Enabling Factors Model” model constructs may be a comprehensive and effective educational program to improve preventive behaviors against CL in students.

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Hamid Joveini, Zahra Zare, Masoumeh Hashemian, Ali Mehri, Reza Shahrabadi, Neda Mahdavifar, Hamideh Ebrahimi Aval
The Open Public Health Journal.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Burcu BEYAZGÜL, İbrahim KORUK, Rüstem KUZAN, Şule ALLAHVERDİ
Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi.2022; : 188. CrossRef
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Mochamad Iqbal Nurmansyah, Sarah Handayani, Deni Wahyudi Kurniawan, Emma Rachmawati, Hidayati, Ahmad Muttaqin Alim
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Masoumeh Alidosti, Hossein Shahnazi, Zahra Heidari, Fereshteh Zamani-Alavijeh, Mona Dür
PLOS ONE.2022; 17(8): e0273400. CrossRef
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Kay Polidano, Brianne Wenning, Alejandra Ruiz-Cadavid, Baheya Dawaishan, Jay Panchal, Sonali Gunasekara, Haftom Abebe, Marciglei Morais, Helen Price, Lisa Dikomitis
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Design and evaluation of two educational media in the form of animation and games to promote the cutaneous leishmaniasis prevention behaviors in adolescent female
Masoumeh Alidosti, Hossein Shahnazi, Zahra Heidari, Fereshteh Zamani-Alavijeh
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Hamidreza Farrokh‐Eslamlou, Mina Maheri
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Behaviors and Perceptions Related to Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Endemic Areas of the World: A Review
Masoumeh Alidosti, Zahra Heidari, Hossein Shahnazi, Fereshteh Zamani-Alavijeh
Acta Tropica.2021; 223: 106090. CrossRef
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Gholamreza Alizadeh, Hossein Shahnazi, Akbar Hassanzadeh
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