Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives

Chun Kang

7 Articles

Trends and Characteristics of HIV Infection among Suspected Tuberculosis Cases in Public Health Centers in Korea: 2001–2013: Meekyung Kee, Kyoung-Ho Lee, Sae-Young Lee, Chun Kang, Chaeshin Chu; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2014;5(Suppl):S37-S42. Published online December 31, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.11.002

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Objectives
The Republic of Korea reports approximately 35,000 new tuberculosis (TB) patients each year, and the number of HIV-infected individuals is steadily increasing. Public health centers (PHCs) conduct TB diagnosis and treatment for risk groups in communities. This study aimed to identify possible trends and characteristics of HIV infection among suspected TB cases in PHCs.
Methods
Study subjects were suspected TB cases in PHCs who agreed to be tested for HIV from 2001 to 2013. Trends in HIV seroprevalence were assessed through a series of annual cross-sectional analyses. We analyzed suspected TB cases, and HIV-infected individuals among suspected TB cases, by gender, age, nationality, and region.
Results
The number of suspected tuberculosis cases who took an HIV test in PHCs was approximately 6,000 each year from 2001 to 2013. Among the suspected TB cases who took an HIV test, the number of those aged 20–39 is gradually decreasing, while the number of those aged 50–69 is increasing. During this period, 32 HIV-infected individuals were identified; the majority were men (94%), aged 30–49 (68%), Korean (94%), and residents in a metropolitan area (53%). HIV seroprevalence decreased from 8.2 per 10,000 persons in 2001 to 1.9 per 10,000 persons in 2013.
Conclusion
This study has identified trends and characteristics of HIV infection among suspected tuberculosis cases in PHCs. This national data provides a basis for public health policy for HIV and tuberculosis infections.

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Is Tuberculosis Still the Number One Infectious Disease in Korea?
Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2014; 5: S1. CrossRef

Generation and Characterization of Recombinant Influenza A(H1N1) Viruses Resistant to Neuraminidase Inhibitors: WooYoung Choi, Jin-Young Shin, Hwan-Eui Jeong, Mi-Jin Jeong, Su-Jin Kim, Joo-Yeon Lee, Chun Kang; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2013;4(6):323-328. Published online December 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2013.10.005

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
To examine the effect of neuraminidase (NA) mutations on the NA inhibitor (NAI) resistance phenotype, the recombinant influenza A/Chungbuk/4448/2008(H1N1) virus isolated in South Korea during the 2008–2009 season was generated by reverse genetics.
Methods
Site-directed mutagenesis was introduced on the NA gene of A/Chungbuk/4448/2008(H1N1) virus, and a total of 23 single, double, and triple mutants were generated. Resistance phenotype of these recombinant viruses was determined by NA-inhibition (NAI) assays based on a fluorometric method using two NAIs (oseltamivir and zanamivir).
Results
NA-inhibition assays showed that all the single and double mutants containing the Y275 except the single Y275-E119V mutant conferred important levels of resistance to oseltamivir, whereas all the single, double, and triple mutants containing the E119V mutation were associated with the resistance to zanamivir.
Conclusion
Considering the effect of mutations in NA gene on the resistance to NAIs, it is important to monitor the possible emergence and dissemination of multidrug-resistant variants in the human population due to amino acid changes at NA gene as well as to develop novel NAIs.

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Phylogenetic analysis and docking study of neuraminidase gene of influenza A/H1N1 viruses circulating in Iran from 2010 to 2019
Sina Moeini, Atefeh Mohebbi, Behrokh Farahmand, Parvaneh Mehrbod, Fatemeh Fotouhi
Virus Research.2023; 334: 199182. CrossRef
SEQUENCE‐FREE PHYLOGENETICS WITH MASS SPECTROMETRY
Kevin M. Downard
Mass Spectrometry Reviews.2022; 41(1): 3. CrossRef
Next-Generation Sequencing: An Eye-Opener for the Surveillance of Antiviral Resistance in Influenza
Laura A.E. Van Poelvoorde, Xavier Saelens, Isabelle Thomas, Nancy H. Roosens
Trends in Biotechnology.2020; 38(4): 360. CrossRef
Mutation-induced spatial differences in neuraminidase structure and sensitivity to neuraminidase inhibitors
Zhi-wei Yang, Dong-xiao Hao, Yi-zhuo Che, Jia-hui Yang, Lei Zhang, Sheng-li Zhang
Chinese Physics B.2018; 27(1): 018704. CrossRef
Authorised medicinal product Aspecton® Oral Drops containing thyme extract KMTv24497 shows antiviral activity against viruses which cause respiratory infections
Eva Lenz, Christin Müller, Ahmed Mostafa, Julia Dzieciolowski, Pumaree Kanrai, Sharmistha Dam, Ute Cwientzek, Lars-Norbert Prenner, Stephan Pleschka
Journal of Herbal Medicine.2018; 13: 26. CrossRef
Ultrasensitive Fluorogenic Reagents for Neuraminidase Titration
Zhizeng Gao, Masahiro Niikura, Stephen G. Withers
Angewandte Chemie International Edition.2017; 56(22): 6112. CrossRef
Ultrasensitive Fluorogenic Reagents for Neuraminidase Titration
Zhizeng Gao, Masahiro Niikura, Stephen G. Withers
Angewandte Chemie.2017; 129(22): 6208. CrossRef

Development of a Specific and Rapid Diagnostic Method for Detecting Influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 Virus Infection Using Immunochromatographic Assay: Mi Jung Ji, Byung Ki Cho, Young Shik Cho, Young Jin Choi, Donghyok Kwon, Kyeongcheol Shin, Joo-Yeon Lee, Chun Kang, Byoung Su Yoon; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2013;4(6):342-346. Published online December 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2013.10.006

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
The aim of this study was to develop an immunochromatographic assay (ICA) for the detection of influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus infection. Materials and methods Several monoclonal antibodies against influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus were generated and an ICA (pdm09-ICA) was developed for the rapid and specific detection of influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus infection. The specificity and sensitivity of the developed assay were compared with that of hemagglutination assay and real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR).
Results
The detection limit was estimated to be 1/2 (8) hemagglutinating unit; the sensitivity and specificity rates of pdm09-ICA were 75.86% (110/145) and 100% (43/43), respectively, compared with rRT-PCR. The cross-reactivity for 20 influenza viruses, including seasonal H1N1 viruses, was found to be negative except for the H1N1 virus (A/Swine/Korea/GC0503/2005).
Conclusion
These results indicate that the proposed method can be easily used for rapid and specific detection of the pdm09 infection. The assay developed in this study would be a useful tool for distinguishing the pdm09 infection from seasonal influenza A and B infections.

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Sensitive detection of influenza a virus based on a CdSe/CdS/ZnS quantum dot-linked rapid fluorescent immunochromatographic test
Anh Viet Thi Nguyen, Tung Duy Dao, Tien Thi Thuy Trinh, Du-Young Choi, Seung-Taek Yu, Hyun Park, Seon-Ju Yeo
Biosensors and Bioelectronics.2020; 155: 112090. CrossRef
Detecting Influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 Virus Infection Using Immunochromatographic Assay
Viroj Wiwanitkit
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2014; 5(2): 115. CrossRef

Perspective of Influenza Research in Korea NIH: Chun Kang; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2011;2(Suppl 1):S6-S6. Published online December 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2011.11.025

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The Emergence of Oseltamivir-Resistant Seasonal Influenza A (H1N1) Virus in Korea During the 2008-2009 Season: Woo-Young Choi, Inseok Yang, Sujin Kim, Namjoo Lee, Meehwa Kwon, Joo-Yeon Lee, Chun Kang; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2011;2(3):178-185. Published online December 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2011.11.042

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
To monitor antiviral drug resistance among seasonal influenza viruses isolated in Korea during the 2008-2009 influenza season, we examined influenza isolates collected through Korea Influenza Surveillance Scheme for antiviral drug susceptibility.
Methods
For genetic analysis of antiviral drug resistance, the matrix (M2) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of each isolate were amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and followed by nucleotide sequencing. For phylogenetic analyses, the sequences of hemagglutinin (HA) and NA genes of each isolate were aligned using multiple alignment program. For phenotypic analysis of antiviral drug resistance, drug susceptibilities against M2 inhibitor (amantadine) and NA inhibitors (oseltavimir and zanamivir) were determined by virus yield reduction assay and fluorometric NA inhibition assay, respectively.
Results
In Korea, the resistant influenza viruses against oseltamivir were first detected in sealsonal influenza A(H1N1) viruses on Week 48 of 2008. Since then, the number of oseltamivir-resistant A(H1N1) viruses was continuously increased and had reached the highest peak on Week 52 of 2008. 533 (99.8%) of 534 A(H1N1) viruses were resistant to oseltamivir and all of them harbored the H275Y mutation in the NA gene during the 2008-2009 season. The oseltamivir resistance identified by sequencing was confirmed by NA inhibition assay. Genetic analysis based on HA gene of the resistant A(H1N1) viruses revealed that the viruses were identified as A/Brisbane/10/2007-like strain which was vaccine strain for the 2008-2009 season.
Conclusions
The oseltamivir-resistant A(H1N1) viruses were first emerged in Europe in November 2007 and then circulated globally. One year later, the oseltamivir-resistant A(H1N1) viruses were first detected in Korea in November 2008 and continued circulating until the Week 7 of 2009 during the 2008-2009 season. Considering the pandemic preparedness, it should be continued to monitor the emergence and the characterization of antiviral drug resistant influenza viruses.

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Pharmacokinetics and safety of a novel influenza treatment (baloxavir marboxil) in Korean subjects compared with Japanese subjects
Yun Kim, Sangwon Lee, Yohan Kim, In‐Jin Jang, SeungHwan Lee
Clinical and Translational Science.2022; 15(2): 422. CrossRef
2018–2019 antiviral drug sensitivity of the influenza virus strains isolated from various regions of Kazakhstan
T. I. Glebova, N. G. Klivleyeva, G. V. Lukmanova, N. T. Saktaganov, A. M. Baimukhametova
Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity.2021; 11(6): 1159. CrossRef
Assessment of Intensive Vaccination and Antiviral Treatment in 2009 Influenza Pandemic in Korea
Chaeshin Chu, Sunmi Lee
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2015; 6(1): 47. CrossRef
Doing Mathematics with Aftermath of Pandemic Influenza 2009
Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2015; 6(1): 1. CrossRef
Antiviral treatment of influenza in South Korea
Young June Choe, Hyunju Lee, Hoan Jong Lee, Eun Hwa Choi
Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy.2015; 13(6): 741. CrossRef
Synthesis and anti-influenza virus activity of 4-oxo- or thioxo-4,5-dihydrofuro[3,4-c]pyridin-3(1H)-ones
Ye Jin Jang, Raghavendra Achary, Hye Won Lee, Hyo Jin Lee, Chong-Kyo Lee, Soo Bong Han, Young-Sik Jung, Nam Sook Kang, Pilho Kim, Meehyein Kim
Antiviral Research.2014; 107: 66. CrossRef
Was the Mass Vaccination Effective During the Influenza Pandemic 2009–2010 in Korea?
Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2013; 4(4): 177. CrossRef
How to Manage a Public Health Crisis and Bioterrorism in Korea
Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2013; 4(5): 223. CrossRef
Generation and Characterization of Recombinant Influenza A(H1N1) Viruses Resistant to Neuraminidase Inhibitors
WooYoung Choi, Jin-Young Shin, Hwan-Eui Jeong, Mi-Jin Jeong, Su-Jin Kim, Joo-Yeon Lee, Chun Kang
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2013; 4(6): 323. CrossRef
Occurrence and characterization of oseltamivir-resistant influenza virus in children between 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 seasons
Seoung Geun Kim, Yoon Ha Hwang, Yung Hae Shin, Sung Won Kim, Woo Sik Jung, Sung Mi Kim, Jae Min Oh, Na Young Lee, Mun Ju Kim, Kyung Soon Cho, Yeon Gyeong Park, Sang Kee Min, Chang Kyu Lee, Jun Sub Kim, Chun Kang, Joo Yeon Lee, Man Kyu Huh, Chang Hoon Kim
Korean Journal of Pediatrics.2013; 56(4): 165. CrossRef

Pathogenesis and Chronologic Localization of the Human Influenza A (H1N1) Virus in Cotton Rats: Donghyok Kwon, Kyeongcheol Shin, Jin-Young Shin, Joo-Yeon Lee, Yooncheol Ha, Nam-Joo Lee, Hee-Bok Oh, Chanhee Chae, Chun Kang; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2011;2(1):15-22. Published online June 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2011.04.005

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
We aimed to evaluate the pathogenesis and chronologic localization of human influenza A (H1N1) virus in experimentally infected cotton rats.
Methods
The animals were intranasally inoculated with 10⁷ plaque-forming units of A/Solomon Islands/3/2006 (H1N1) influenza virus and evaluated for pathogenicity for a period of 28 days. Virus replication kinetics and pathological properties were assessed chronologically. Acute antiviral responses were evaluated by mean of real-time polymerase chain reaction.
Results
Cotton rats infected with A/Solomon Islands/3/2006 virus lost weight until 6 days post-inoculation (DPI) and showed decreased activity until 3 DPI. At necropsy, focal areas of redness and consolidation of lungs were evident at 1, 2, and 3 DPI. Lung histopathology showed moderate to severe interstitial pneumonia, alveolitis and bronchiolitis. Influenza A specific viral protein was detected in bronchiolar epithelial cells, alveolar septa and pneumocytes. Influenza viruses were recovered from the lungs during the early period of infection and the titer peaked at 1 DPI. Viral proteins were detected from 4 hours to 6 hours DPI. These trends correlate with the up-regulation of mRNA expression of the IFN-α, Mx1, and Mx2 genes that play critical roles in the anti-influenza response at the early stage of infection.
Conclusion
Our results provide evidence that supports the use of cotton rats for the study of influenza virus pathogenesis and the immune response.

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Characterization of humoral immune responses and degree of protection induced by influenza vaccine in cotton rats: Effects of low vaccine dose and single vs booster vaccination
Yoshita Bhide, Wei Dong, Tjarko Meijerhof, Jacqueline de Vries‐Idema, Hubert G. Niesters, Anke Huckriede
Immunity, Inflammation and Disease.2020; 8(3): 279. CrossRef
Doing Mathematics with Aftermath of Pandemic Influenza 2009
Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2015; 6(1): 1. CrossRef
Assessment of Intensive Vaccination and Antiviral Treatment in 2009 Influenza Pandemic in Korea
Chaeshin Chu, Sunmi Lee
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2015; 6(1): 47. CrossRef
Mammalian pathogenesis of oseltamivir-resistant pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus isolated in South Korea
Donghyok Kwon, Kyeongcheol Shin, Su-Jin Kim, Joo-Yeon Lee, Chun Kang
Virus Research.2014; 185: 41. CrossRef
Was the Mass Vaccination Effective During the Influenza Pandemic 2009–2010 in Korea?
Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2013; 4(4): 177. CrossRef
How to Manage a Public Health Crisis and Bioterrorism in Korea
Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2013; 4(5): 223. CrossRef
The Road Less Traveled
Chaeshin Chu
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2011; 2(1): 1. CrossRef

Molecular Classification of Human Adenovirus Type 7 Isolated From Acute Respiratory Disease Outbreak (ARD) in Korea, 2005–2006: Wan Ji Lee, Chun Kang, Yoon Seok Chung, Kisoon Kim; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2010;1(1):10-16. Published online December 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2010.12.005

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
To assess the genomic characteristics of human adenoviruses (HAdVs) that caused small-scale epidemics in Korea and compare sequence analysis and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).
Methods
Two hundred sixty-two throat swabs were collected from geographically distinct two cohabitation facilities during outbreaks in August 2005 and February–May 2006. 148 isolates were obtained using the adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549 cells) from 262 specimens. The sequences of 448 bp partial hexon gene of isolates were analized and compared with serotype results using neutralizing test. The hexon (1.2 kb), fiber, and E4 ORF 6/7 34.7 kDa protein (2.1 kb) genes were further analysed in 10 randomly selected specimens. RFLP of the genomic DNA for genotyping was also performed and compared with sequence information.
Results
All the isolates were localized into the same cluster when phylogenetic tree was generated based on hexon gene using Clustal W. While fiber and E4 ORF 6/7 34.7 kDa protein genes were analysed, the tree was divided into two clusters. Interestingly, isolates with same genetic characteristics of hexon gene did not show identical RFLP patterns in accordance with their origin of episode, rather phylogenetic analysis of fiber and E4 ORF 6/7 34.7 kDa protein genes were correlated with RFLP patterns.
Conclusion
These results indicate that serotype classification based on hexon gene might not be enough to discriminate HAdV serotype, and additional genetic characteristics including fiber and/or E4 ORF 6/7 should be recruited to dispose subgroup of HAdV serotype.

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Arpaporn Yodmeeklin, Kattareeya Kumthip, Nuthapong Ukarapol, Hiroshi Ushijima, Niwat Maneekarn, Pattara Khamrin, Day-Yu Chao
Microbiology Spectrum.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular epidemiology of a post-influenza pandemic outbreak of acute respiratory infections in Korea caused by human adenovirus type 3
Wan-Ji Lee, Hee-Dong Jung, Hyang-Min Cheong, Kisoon Kim
Journal of Medical Virology.2015; 87(1): 10. CrossRef
Antigenic variability among two subtypes of human adenovirus serotype 7
Xingui Tian, Xiaobo Su, Chunyan Xue, Xiao Li, Zhichao Zhou, Rong Zhou
Virus Genes.2014; 49(1): 22. CrossRef

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