Figure 1Phylogenetic tree based on hexon gene sequence. All 10 randomly selected HAdV isolates were perfectly matched and displayed 99% sequence identity with HAdV Type 7d isolates from Korea and Japan, HAdV Type 7d2 isolates from Israel and Japan, and HAdV Type 7l isolate from Korea (GQ265844–GQ265846 isolated during the 2005 outbreak and GQ265847–GQ265853 isolated during the 2006 outbreak). HAdV = human adenovirus.
Figure 2Phylogenetic tree based on fiber gene. Randomly selected 10 isolates could be divided into two clusters based on fiber gene sequence, and clusters were divided in accordance with geographical difference. The sequences were most similar to HAdV Type 7l. (GQ265864–GQ265866 isolated during the 2005 outbreak and GQ265867–GQ265873 isolated during the 2006 outbreak) rather than HAdV Type 7d2 (AY921619). HAdV = human adenovirus.
Figure 3Phylogenetic tree based on E4 ORF 6/7 34.7 kDa protein gene. The 10 randomly selected viral isolates grouped into two clusters. Sequences of underlined Episode 1 isolates (GQ265854–GQ265856) were closely related to HAdV Type 7l. Whereas, GQ265857–GQ2658631 sequences representing isolates from Episode 2 were closely related to HAdV Types 7d and 7d2 (GQ265854–GQ265856 isolated during the 2005 outbreak and GQ265857–GQ2658631 isolated during the 2006 outbreak). HAdV = human adenovirus.
Figure 4RFLP patterns of randomly selected 10 isolates digested with BamHI, SmaI, and BstEII. RFLP patterns obtained with BstEII were identical with the selected viral isolates and HAdV Type 7a as a reference strain. The SmaI digestion patterns of the 10 randomly selected isolates were identical but differed from the pattern displayed by the reference virus (HAdV Type 7a). BamHI RFLP of three isolates from Episode 1 was identical but distinct pattern compared with Episode 2 isolates and even reference virus. RFLP = restriction fragment length polymorphism; HAdV = human adenovirus.
Table 1Primer list for amplification and sequencing of hexon, fiber, and E4 ORF 6/7 34.7-kDa protein genes
Primer |
Sequence |
Position |
AV3R |
5′-ATGTGGAAICAGGCIGTIGACAG-3′ |
19779–19801 |
AV3L |
5′-CTGTCIACIGCCTGITTCCACAT-3′ |
19779–19801 |
AVUP |
5′-AACAGCATIGTGGGTITGGGIGTG-3′ |
18500–18523 |
AV5L |
5′-CGGTGGTGITTIAAIGGITTIACITTGTCCAT-3′ |
20196–20227 |
AV-Fiber-F |
5′-GGATCCATGRCCAAGMGAGYYCGGCT-3′ |
31512–31537 |
AV-Fiber-R |
5′-CTCGAGTCAGTCRTCTTCTCTAATRTA-3′ |
32486–32507 |
AV-E4-F |
5′-AGGTTTCATGCCCAGCACAAC-3′ |
32227–32247 |
AV-E4-R |
5′-GGCCGCGTTTTGCTATACAAAATACG-3′ |
33692–33717 |
Table 2Basic information of isolated human adenoviruses
Virus ID |
Year |
Location (Korea) |
AF 1∗
|
2005 |
Jinju (Episode 1) |
AF 2 |
|
|
AF 3 |
|
|
DA 4†
|
2006 |
Daejeon (Episode 2) |
DA 5 |
|
|
DA 6 |
|
|
DA 7 |
|
|
DA 8 |
|
|
DA 9 |
|
|
DA 10 |
|
|