Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives

Original Articles

Sex differences in factors associated with prediabetes in Korean adults: Jin Suk Ra; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2022;13(2):142-152. Published online April 22, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0053

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Objectives
Identifying the factors associated with prediabetes is necessary for the early detection and management of high-risk individuals with prediabetes. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors associated with prediabetes according to sex in Korean adults. Methods: Using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2015 to 2019, a total of 13,595 adults (5,565 males and 8,030 females) aged ≥20 years were included in the data analysis. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with prediabetes according to sex in Korean adults. Results: In both males and females, age and a family history of type 2 diabetes were associated with prediabetes. In males, current and past smoking habits were associated with increased prediabetes. In addition, low-intensity physical activity and prolonged sedentary behavior were associated with a higher prevalence of prediabetes. Females with a lower education level (less than middle school graduation) showed a higher risk of prediabetes. Conclusion: Sex-specific prevention strategies for prediabetes should be developed. In addition, older individuals and those with a family history of type 2 diabetes should be screened for prediabetes.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The effects of interaction between smoking and abdominal obesity on pre-diabetes mellitus
Huali Xiong, Peng Zhao, Fengxun Ma, Dayi Tang, Daiqiang Liu
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Associations between leisure-time physical activity and the prevalence and incidence of osteoporosis disease: Cross-sectional and prospective findings from the UK biobank
Yuanyuan Cao, Yulian Hu, Fang Lei, Xingyuan Zhang, Weifang Liu, Xuewei Huang, Tao Sun, Lijin Lin, Maolin Yi, Yuping Li, Jinpeng Zhang, Yaping Li, Guoping Wang, Zhonghua Cheng
Bone.2024; 187: 117208. CrossRef
Current evidence on gender-related risk factors for type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and prediabetes: a reappraisal of the Italian study group on gender difference in endocrine diseases
Giovanna Muscogiuri, Mariangela Caporusso, Paola Caruso, Chiara Delli Poggi, Martina Vitale, Annalisa Zurru, Annamaria Colao
Journal of Endocrinological Investigation.2024; 48(3): 573. CrossRef
Prevalence of Impaired Fasting Glucose and Diabetes in Adults Aged 20-59 Years: Based on the 2012 and 2022 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys
Suhee Kim, Ju-Yeon Uhm
Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2024; 38(3): 344. CrossRef
The effect of a nutrition program based on the Health Behavior Interaction Model on primary school students’ nutritional attitudes and behaviors
Ayşe Burcu Başçı, Oya Nuran Emiroğlu, Bilge Kalanlar
Journal of Public Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Factors associated with the combination of general and abdominal obesity in middle-aged and older Korean women: a cross-sectional study
Jin Suk Ra
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2023; 14(5): 379. CrossRef

Laboratory investigations of herpes simplex virus-1 and -2 clinical samples in Korea: Eun Ju Oh, Young Sam Yuk, Jae Kyung Kim; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2021;12(6):385-389. Published online December 1, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0146

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections have been reported in 60% to 95% of the adult population worldwide, making them one of the most common infectious conditions globally. HSV-1 and HSV-2 cause severe disease in immunocompromised patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide information that could be used to reduce the incidence of genital herpes caused by HSV-1 and HSV-2.
Methods
From September 2018 to December 2020, 59,381 specimens were collected from outpatients across primary and secondary hospitals in Korea who requested U2Bio (Seoul, Korea) to conduct molecular biological testing of their samples for sexually transmitted infections. In this study, the positivity rates of HSV-1 and HSV-2 were analyzed according to age, sex, and specimen type.
Results
In the age-specific analysis of HSV-1, the highest positivity rate (0.58%) was observed in patients under 19 years of age, whereas the lowest positivity rate (0.08%) was observed in patients aged over 70 years. In the age-specific analysis of HSV-2, the highest positivity rate (2.53%) was likewise observed in patients under 19 years of age.
Conclusion
Our study identified differences in the infection rates of HSV-1 and HSV-2 depending on patients’ sex and age. These differences will be useful for improving disease prevention and control measures for HSV-1 and HSV-2.

Citations

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Rapid diagnosis of herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 bloodstream infections utilizing a sample-to-answer platform
Wei Zhen, Farah Sheikh, Dwayne A. Breining, Gregory J. Berry, Melissa B. Miller
Journal of Clinical Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Analysis of HSV1/2 Infection Reveals an Association between HSV-2 Reactivation and Pregnancy
Sara Dovrat, Adar Shabat, Anat Yahav-Dovrat, Zvia Soufiev, Ella Mendelson, Ela Kashi-Zagdoun, Galia Rahav
Viruses.2024; 16(9): 1370. CrossRef

The current status of sexually transmitted infections in South Korean children in the last 10 years: Yumi Jang, Eunjung Oh; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2021;12(4):230-235. Published online August 4, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0046

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Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF: Objectives
This study aimed to determine the status of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in children in South Korea between 2010 and 2019), as well as to establish preventive maintenance guidelines to reduce the incidence of STIs in children.
Methods
Data reports from 590 STI surveillance systems in community clinics, hospital-level medical institutions with urology or obstetrics/gynecology departments and public hospitals between 2010 and 2019 in the integrative disease management system of the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency as of December 2020 were analyzed.
Results
A total of 172,645 cases of STIs were reported over the 10-year period (2010–2019), of which 2,179 cases (1.26%) represented STIs in children below the age of 18 years. A higher incidence of infections was observed in girls (1,499 cases, 68.79%) than in boys (680 cases, 31.21%). The STIs that had the highest incidence were, in descending order, chlamydia (997 cases, 45.75%), gonorrhea (592 cases, 27.17%), genital warts (338 cases, 15.51%), genital herpes (250 cases, 11.47%), and chancroid (2 cases, 0.09%). In adolescents aged 14 to 17 years, chlamydia, genital herpes, and gonorrhea were most frequently reported. Genital warts, in particular, have been consistently reported in children below the age of 14 years.
Conclusion
Children must be protected legally and institutionally from sexual abuse. Specific management protocols for STIs in children must be established by local governments and associated organizations. National human papillomavirus vaccination programs should be expanded to include boys, and anti-STI educational efforts using modern media should be implemented.

Sex differences in the relationship between depression and cardiovascular disease risk: a nationwide study in Korea: Seol-bin Kim, Ihn Sook Jeong; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2021;12(2):105-114. Published online April 29, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.12.2.08

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
This study aimed to identify sex differences in the association between depression and the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Methods
A secondary analysis was conducted of data from the fifth to seventh waves (2010−2018) of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The participants were adults aged 30−74 years who had no diagnosis of CVD. The CVD risk was calculated using the Framingham Risk Score algorithm. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify the association between depression and CVD risk using a complex sample design.
Results
The mean CVD risk was higher in males and females with current depression (14.72% vs. 6.35%, respectively) than in males without current depression (11.67% and 4.42%, respectively). Current depression showed a significant association with CVD risk after controlling for only health-related characteristics, but the significance disappeared in both males and females when demographic characteristics were additionally controlled.
Conclusion
The presence of depression was not associated with CVD risk regardless of sex after controlling for confounding factors. Further studies are recommended to investigate the relationship between depression and CVD risk in a larger sample of both males and females with depression.

Citations

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Sex-specific risks for cardiovascular disease across the specific depressive symptoms spectrum: A national prospective cohort study
Yu-Hua Liu, Lu Zhai, Rong-Rui Huo, Cui Ma
General Hospital Psychiatry.2025; 94: 37. CrossRef
Sex Differences in the Association Between Depression and Incident Cardiovascular Disease
Keitaro Senoo, Hidehiro Kaneko, Kensuke Ueno, Yuta Suzuki, Akira Okada, Katsuhito Fujiu, Taisuke Jo, Norifumi Takeda, Hiroyuki Morita, Kentaro Kamiya, Junya Ako, Koichi Node, Hideo Yasunaga, Issei Komuro
JACC: Asia.2024; 4(4): 279. CrossRef
Sex Differences in the Association of Depression Symptoms and Cardiovascular Disease in Adults in the United States
Bhaskar Thakur, Chance Strenth, Elizabeth Mayfield Arnold, Frank David Schneider
American Journal of Health Promotion.2024; 38(8): 1199. CrossRef

Sex differences in weight perception and weight gain among Black college students in the USA: Jounghee Lee, Jaesin Sa, Jean-Philippe Chaput, James Heimdal, Beatrice Nelson, Beom-Young Cho, Elizabeth Kwon; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2021;12(2):96-104. Published online April 29, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.12.2.07

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence of overweight/obesity and to explore sex differences in body weight perceptions and correlates of weight gain among Black students at 2 historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) in the USA.
Methods
Participants completed a paper-based survey, and their height and weight were measured (67% completion rate).
Results
The overweight and obesity rates were 33.8% and 26.9%, respectively. More females than males accurately assessed their weight (p<0.05). Body weight underestimation was associated with male sex, excellent/very good perceived overall health, and not being informed by a doctor of having overweight or obesity (p<0.01). Higher odds of ≥5% weight gain were related to female sex, living on campus, and not being informed by a doctor of having overweight or obesity (p<0.05).
Conclusion
Given the high overweight and obesity rates among Black students, HBCUs in the USA should develop intervention strategies for the prevention and management of overweight and obesity. College health educators at HBCUs need to provide regular check-ups or health screenings that help male students perceive their weight accurately and prevent weight underestimation. It is important for HBCUs to monitor and address weight gain among Black students as early as possible.

Citations

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Sociodemographic factors associated with weight perception of adolescents: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Kaihan Yang, Anqi Zhao, Yujie Xie, Zhanyi Xu, Yubinxin Peng, Haiyang Tang
Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursin.2023; 36(2): 95. CrossRef

Interaction Between Smoking Cigarettes and Alcohol Consumption on Sexual Experience in High School Students: Soo Jeong Kim, Kyoung Won Cho; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2019;10(5):274-280. Published online October 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.5.03

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Abstract PDF

Objectives

This study aimed to analyze nationwide representative data from the 11^th Korean Youth Health Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey to determine whether factors including socio-demographics, smoking and alcohol consumption, were factors related to high school students that had experienced sexual intercourse.

Methods

A total of 33,744 students (17,346 boys and 16,398 girls) in 1^st, 2^nd, and 3^rd grade at high school were analyzed. SPSS complex samples methods were used for analyses. Socio-demographic and health risk behaviors (type of region of residence, family structure, and economic status, student academic achievement, gender, high school grade, pocket money, student smoking, alcohol consumption, and having engaged in sexual intercourse) were considered as independent variables.

Results

There were 3.6% of girls and 9.9% of boys in high school that were sexually active. This behavior and the average number of cigarettes smoked daily, and alcohol consumed weekly, represented a dose-response relationship, after considering confounding factors. Compared with students that did not smoke or consume alcohol, smoking 1–9 cigarettes per day and consuming 1–6 cups of alcohol and group “smoking more than 10 cigarettes per day and consuming more than 7 cups of alcohol, had a 5.94 and 22.25 higher risk of having had sexual intercourse, respectively.

Conclusion

Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption were associated with an increased likelihood of high school students engaging in sexual intercourse.

Citations

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The relationship between risky sexual behaviors and sexual health literacy and self-esteem in young women
Sevil Cicek Ozdemir, Esra Cevik
Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Factors associated with adolescents’ sexual experience based on the biopsychosocial model: a cross-sectional study using the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS)
Ka Young Kim, Hye Young Shin
BMJ Open.2022; 12(11): e066307. CrossRef
DETERMINANTS OF PREMARITAL SEXUAL BEHAVIOR AMONGST ADOLESCENTS IN INDONESIA
Nadhirul Mundhiro, Ridhwan Fauzi, Mohammad Ainul Maruf, Nurfadhilah Nurfadhilah
Jurnal Biometrika dan Kependudukan.2021; 10(1): 86. CrossRef

Sex-based Association between Depression and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Middle-aged and Older Adults: Jin Suk Ra, Hye Sun Kim; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2017;8(2):130-137. Published online April 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.2.05

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Abstract PDF

Objectives

This study aimed to identify the sex-based association between depression and the development of metabolic syndrome (Mets) among middle-aged and older Korean adults.

Methods

A cross-sectional design was used for the secondary analysis of the 2010–2014 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Data from 1,938 men and 2,404 women were analyzed. Mets was defined in accordance with the criteria used for clinical diagnosis. Depression was assessed with a question about having clinical depression. The association between depression and the development of Mets with or without adjustment for covariates was identified by conducting logistic regression analysis on weighted data using a complex sample procedure.

Results

More women than men had depression. Before covariate adjustment, depression was significantly associated with the development of Mets among women (odds ratio [OR], 1.586; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.152–2.183) and with a higher triglyceride level among men (OR, 1.679; 95% CI, 1.001–2.818). After covariate adjustment; depression was significantly associated with higher waist circumference among women (adjusted OR [AOR], 1.532; 95% CI, 1.046–2.245) and higher triglyceride level (AOR, 1.511; 95% CI, 1.029–2.219) than was Mets. Conversely, depression did not have significant effects on the development of Mets among men.

Conclusion

Depression was associated with the development of Mets among middle-aged and older Korean women. Healthcare providers in communities should assess women with depression for the presence of Mets components. Interventions for relieving depressive symptoms should also be provided to women at risk for Mets.

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Association between the dietary inflammatory index and depressive symptoms in adults with metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study from the NHANES database
Jinshun You, Shujie Xia
Frontiers in Nutrition.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Mitra Abbasifard, Gholamreza Bazmandegan, Hamid Ostadebrahimi, Fatemeh Foroutanian, Zahra Kamiab
Journal of Affective Disorders.2024; 361: 139. CrossRef
The relationship between lifestyle risk factors and depression in Korean older adults: a moderating effect of gender
Shinuk Kim
BMC Geriatrics.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Sul Hee Yoo, Ji Hye Kim, Jun Yim
Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2022; 39(5): 15. CrossRef
Calorie restriction in combination with prebiotic supplementation in obese women with depression: effects on metabolic and clinical response
Elnaz Vaghef-Mehrabany, Fatemeh Ranjbar, Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi, Sonia Hosseinpour-Arjmand, Mehrangiz Ebrahimi-Mameghani
Nutritional Neuroscience.2021; 24(5): 339. CrossRef
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Yousef Moradi, Ahmed N Albatineh, Hassan Mahmoodi, Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh
Clinical Diabetes and Endocrinology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Relationship between Vitamin Intake and Health-Related Quality of Life in a Japanese Population: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Shika Study
Nobuhiko Narukawa, Hiromasa Tsujiguchi, Akinori Hara, Sakae Miyagi, Takayuki Kannon, Keita Suzuki, Yukari Shimizu, Thao Thi Thu Nguyen, Kim Oanh Pham, Fumihiko Suzuki, Atsushi Asai, Takashi Amatsu, Tomoko Kasahara, Masateru Miyagi, Masaharu Nakamura, Yohe
Nutrients.2021; 13(3): 1023. CrossRef
The Contribution of Material, Behavioral, Psychological, and Social-Relational Factors to Income-Related Disparities in Cardiovascular Risk Among Older Adults
Chiyoung Lee, Qing Yang, Eun-Ok Im, Eleanor Schildwachter McConnell, Sin-Ho Jung, Hyeoneui Kim
Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing.2021; 36(4): E38. CrossRef
Depressive symptoms and 5-year incident metabolic syndrome among older adults
Qian Wu, Yi-Ying Hua, Qing-Hua Ma, Yong Xu, Xing Chen, Chen-Wei Pan
Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
The Effect of Depression on Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components among Korean Adults
Mee Young Im
Korean Journal of Stress Research.2021; 29(4): 235. CrossRef
Relationship between Vitamin Intake and Depressive Symptoms in Elderly Japanese Individuals: Differences with Gender and Body Mass Index
Thao Nguyen, Hiromasa Tsujiguchi, Yasuhiro Kambayashi, Akinori Hara, Sakae Miyagi, Yohei Yamada, Haruki Nakamura, Yukari Shimizu, Daisuke Hori, Fumihiko Suzuki, Koichiro Hayashi, Hiroyuki Nakamura
Nutrients.2017; 9(12): 1319. CrossRef
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Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2017; 8(2): 105. CrossRef

How do Sexual Identity, and Coming Out Affect Stress, Depression, and Suicidal Ideation and Attempts Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in South Korea?: Byonghee Cho, Aeree Sohn; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2016;7(5):281-288. Published online October 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2016.09.001

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
This study investigated the status of sexual identity, perceived stigma, stress, depression, and suicidal ideation and attempts. It also examined how sexual identity and “coming out” affect stress, depression, and suicidal ideation and attempts.
Methods
Suicidal ideation, psychological health status, and health-related behaviors were assessed using the Internet to maximize the confidentiality of the participants, men who have sex with men (MSM). The data were collected from a total of 873 MSM aged between 19 years and 59 years in 2014.
Results
Only 20.9% of the MSM had come out (18.0% voluntarily and 2.9% by others). The prevalences of perceived stress and depression among MSM were 46.7% and 42.7%, respectively, compared with 20.1% and 7.4% among general men. Approximately 32% of the MSM reported any suicidal ideation, and 3.3% had attempted suicide in the past year. The likelihood of suicidal ideation was significantly associated with being age 30–39 years [odds ratio (OR) = 1.8], high school or less (OR = 1.6), having been outed (OR = 5.2), feeling stressed (OR = 1.8), and feeling depressed (OR = 12.4) after sociodemographic factors and other perceptions were controlled for.
Conclusion
The present study provides evidence that MSM are at an elevated risk for suicidal ideation and attempts with high stress and depression. Some risk factors were specific to being gay or bisexual in a hostile environment.

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Article

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Sexual Behaviors in HIV/AIDS and Predictors Affecting Condom Use among Men Who Have Sex with Men in South Korea: Aeree Sohn, Byonghee Cho; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2012;3(3):156-164. Published online June 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2012.07.001

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
In South Korea, men who have sex with men (MSM) are rather understudied, but are known to be at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This study was to access HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes, and risk behaviors, and to identify the factors of condom use in HIV prevention.
Methods
We recruited 1070 MSM in Korea, using the Internet to maximize the confidentiality of the MSM.
Results
The prevalence of self-reported and sexually transmitted infections and HIV in the total sample was 10.7% and 2.7%, respectively. Factual knowledge and phobias regarding HIV/AIDS and self-efficacy were relatively high among the MSM. After controlling for age, education, marital status, and sexual identity, predictors of condom use at most recent anal sex included knowledge (OR = 1.25; p < 0.0001); self-efficacy (OR = 1.33; p = 0.02), additionally, having HIV testing (OR = 1.45; p = 0.02); and having a regular partner (OR = 0.53; p < 0.0001) were also positively associated with condom use.
Conclusion
The intervention programs for MSM in Korea may need to take the idiosyncratic societal and cultural pressures of the region into consideration in order to reduce infection risk.

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