Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Malaysia
© 2021 Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Ethics Approval
Ethical approval was obtained from the Management and Science University Ethics Committee with a reference number of MSU-RMC-02/FR01/02/L2/005. Informed consent was obtained from parents prior to answering this online survey.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Funding
None.
Availability of Data
All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article. For other data, these may be requested through the corresponding author.
Authors’ Contributions
Conceptualization: TST; Data curation: all authors; Formal analysis: all authors; Investigation: all authors; Methodology: all authors; Project administration: all authors; Resources: TST; Visualization: all authors; Writing–original draft: SPJL; Writing–review & editing: all authors.
Characteristic | Value |
---|---|
Gender | |
Boy | 115 (56.4) |
Girl | 89 (43.6) |
Age (y) | 6.52±2.00 |
2–6 (pre-schoolers) | 102 (50.0) |
7–11 (school-aged children) | 102 (50.0) |
Ethnicity | |
Malay | 82 (40.2) |
Chinese | 53 (26.0) |
Indian | 69 (33.8) |
Parental income during the MCO (RM)a) | 9,268.58±6,303.23 |
≤4,850 (B40) | 43 (21.1) |
4,851≥10,959 (M40) | 111 (54.4) |
>10,960 (T20) | 50 (24.5) |
Characteristic | Food approach traits | Food avoidance traits | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FR | EOE | EF | DD | SR | SE | EUE | FF | |
Gender | ||||||||
Boy | 2.62±0.68 | 2.24±0.69 | 3.34±0.78 | 3.05±0.71 | 3.03±0.59 | 2.92±0.76a) | 3.05±0.65 | 3.17±0.73 |
Girl | 2.73±0.72 | 2.37±0.65 | 3.40±0.75 | 3.09±0.81 | 3.09±0.62 | 3.28±0.75b) | 3.18±0.67 | 3.10±0.69 |
Age (y) | ||||||||
2–6 (pre-schoolers) | 2.69±0.66 | 2.25±0.67 | 3.31±0.70 | 3.00±0.71 | 3.12±0.64 | 3.18±0.79 | 3.14±0.66 | 3.16±0.73 |
7–11 (school-aged children) | 2.65±0.74 | 2.34±0.68 | 3.42±0.82 | 3.14±0.78 | 2.99±0.57 | 2.98±0.75 | 3.07±0.66 | 3.12±0.70 |
Ethnicity | ||||||||
Malay | 2.66±0.66 | 2.29±0.56 | 3.38±0.68 | 3.09±0.79 | 3.04±0.53 | 3.10±0.75 | 3.22±0.70 | 3.18±0.68 |
Chinese | 2.91±0.77a) | 2.50±0.73a) | 3.48±0.79 | 3.04±0.78 | 2.95±0.64 | 2.92±0.80 | 3.03±0.59 | 3.16±0.60 |
Indian | 2.50±0.64b) | 2.13±0.72b) | 3.26±0.84 | 3.07±0.69 | 3.15±0.65 | 3.17±0.77 | 3.03±0.65 | 3.08±0.81 |
Parental income during the MCO (RM) | ||||||||
≤4,850 (B40) | 2.80±0.69 | 2.47±0.64 | 3.34±0.70 | 3.25±0.70 | 3.01±0.61 | 3.16±0.78 | 3.19±0.67 | 3.26±0.76 |
4,851≥10,959 (M40) | 2.58±0.61 | 2.21±0.67 | 3.36±0.76 | 2.98±0.74 | 3.07±0.62 | 3.09±0.76 | 3.09±0.70 | 3.08±0.71 |
>10,960 (T20) | 2.74±0.86 | 2.32±0.70 | 3.40±0.84 | 3.12±0.80 | 3.06±0.57 | 2.98±0.79 | 3.06±0.55 | 3.16±0.66 |
Overall | 2.67±0.70 | 2.29±0.67 | 3.36±0.77 | 3.07±0.75 | 3.05±0.60 | 3.08±0.77 | 3.10±0.66 | 3.14±0.71 |
Data are presented as mean±standard deviation.
CEBQ, Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire; FR, food responsiveness; EOE, emotional over-eating; EF, enjoyment of foods; DD, desire to drink; SR, satiety responsiveness; SE, slowness in eating; EUE, emotional under-eating; FF, food fussiness; MCO, Movement Control Order; B40, bottom 40%; M40, middle 40%; T20, top 20%.
a,b)Different alphabetical superscripts indicate statistically significant differences at the level of p<0.05.
Characteristic | Value |
---|---|
Gender | |
Boy | 115 (56.4) |
Girl | 89 (43.6) |
Age (y) | 6.52±2.00 |
2–6 (pre-schoolers) | 102 (50.0) |
7–11 (school-aged children) | 102 (50.0) |
Ethnicity | |
Malay | 82 (40.2) |
Chinese | 53 (26.0) |
Indian | 69 (33.8) |
Parental income during the MCO (RM) |
9,268.58±6,303.23 |
≤4,850 (B40) | 43 (21.1) |
4,851≥10,959 (M40) | 111 (54.4) |
>10,960 (T20) | 50 (24.5) |
Characteristic | Food approach traits | Food avoidance traits | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FR | EOE | EF | DD | SR | SE | EUE | FF | |
Gender | ||||||||
Boy | 2.62±0.68 | 2.24±0.69 | 3.34±0.78 | 3.05±0.71 | 3.03±0.59 | 2.92±0.76 |
3.05±0.65 | 3.17±0.73 |
Girl | 2.73±0.72 | 2.37±0.65 | 3.40±0.75 | 3.09±0.81 | 3.09±0.62 | 3.28±0.75 |
3.18±0.67 | 3.10±0.69 |
Age (y) | ||||||||
2–6 (pre-schoolers) | 2.69±0.66 | 2.25±0.67 | 3.31±0.70 | 3.00±0.71 | 3.12±0.64 | 3.18±0.79 | 3.14±0.66 | 3.16±0.73 |
7–11 (school-aged children) | 2.65±0.74 | 2.34±0.68 | 3.42±0.82 | 3.14±0.78 | 2.99±0.57 | 2.98±0.75 | 3.07±0.66 | 3.12±0.70 |
Ethnicity | ||||||||
Malay | 2.66±0.66 | 2.29±0.56 | 3.38±0.68 | 3.09±0.79 | 3.04±0.53 | 3.10±0.75 | 3.22±0.70 | 3.18±0.68 |
Chinese | 2.91±0.77 |
2.50±0.73 |
3.48±0.79 | 3.04±0.78 | 2.95±0.64 | 2.92±0.80 | 3.03±0.59 | 3.16±0.60 |
Indian | 2.50±0.64 |
2.13±0.72 |
3.26±0.84 | 3.07±0.69 | 3.15±0.65 | 3.17±0.77 | 3.03±0.65 | 3.08±0.81 |
Parental income during the MCO (RM) | ||||||||
≤4,850 (B40) | 2.80±0.69 | 2.47±0.64 | 3.34±0.70 | 3.25±0.70 | 3.01±0.61 | 3.16±0.78 | 3.19±0.67 | 3.26±0.76 |
4,851≥10,959 (M40) | 2.58±0.61 | 2.21±0.67 | 3.36±0.76 | 2.98±0.74 | 3.07±0.62 | 3.09±0.76 | 3.09±0.70 | 3.08±0.71 |
>10,960 (T20) | 2.74±0.86 | 2.32±0.70 | 3.40±0.84 | 3.12±0.80 | 3.06±0.57 | 2.98±0.79 | 3.06±0.55 | 3.16±0.66 |
Overall | 2.67±0.70 | 2.29±0.67 | 3.36±0.77 | 3.07±0.75 | 3.05±0.60 | 3.08±0.77 | 3.10±0.66 | 3.14±0.71 |
Data are presented as MCO, Movement Control Order; B40, bottom 40%; M40, middle 40%; T20, top 20%. 1 USD=RM 4.13 (as of September 2020).
Data are presented as mean±standard deviation. CEBQ, Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire; FR, food responsiveness; EOE, emotional over-eating; EF, enjoyment of foods; DD, desire to drink; SR, satiety responsiveness; SE, slowness in eating; EUE, emotional under-eating; FF, food fussiness; MCO, Movement Control Order; B40, bottom 40%; M40, middle 40%; T20, top 20%. Different alphabetical superscripts indicate statistically significant differences at the level of