Table 1Frequency of metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and dyslipidemia in the studied population with respect to gender.
|
Male (n = 504), n (%) |
Female (n = 196), n (%) |
Difference (95% CI)a
|
Metabolic syndrome
|
Absent |
297 (59) |
82 (41.8) |
|
Present |
207 (41) |
114 (58.2) |
p < 0.05 |
Hypertensionb
|
Absent |
226 (44.8) |
112 (57.1) |
|
Present |
278 (55.2) |
84 (42.9) |
7.8 (3.739, 11.861)** |
Dyslipidemiac
|
Absent |
220 (43.6) |
55 (28) |
|
Present |
284 (56.3) |
141 (72) |
9 (−5.34, 23.34) |
Table 2Clinical data of type 2 diabetic patients in respect to the duration of disease classified by using NCEP-ATPIII criteria.
Males |
N
|
Age (y) |
Fasting (mg/dL) |
BMI (kg/m2) |
SBP (mmHg) |
DBP (mmHg) |
Pulse |
Cholesterol (mg/dL) |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) |
HDL-C (mg/dL) |
Prevalence, % |
All males
|
504 |
55 ± 9.15 |
140 ± 63.27 |
24.7 ± 3.23 |
132.7 ± 19.2 |
76.7 ± 10.3 |
87 ± 10.8 |
155 ± 54 |
137 ± 64.2 |
50 ± 18.6 |
41 |
Duration (0–5 y)
|
339 |
53.5 ± 8.9 |
136.8 ± 54.9 |
24.9 ± 3.8 |
132.4 ± 20 |
77.9 ± 11.7 |
88 ± 11.4 |
155.7 ± 55.3 |
132.3 ± 60.4 |
51.4 ± 23.6 |
37 |
Duration (6–10 y)
|
104 |
56.2 ± 9.7 |
149.2 ± 59.9 |
24.8 ± 4.8 |
130.9 ± 20.8 |
74.9 ± 9.8 |
86.6 ± 11 |
155.9 ± 47.6 |
144.6 ± 90.8 |
48.2 ± 23.1 |
39.4 |
Duration (>10 y)
|
61 |
60.25 ± 9.1 |
139.9 ± 54.8 |
23.5 ± 2.5 |
137.3 ± 22.8 |
72.8 ± 10.4 |
86.6 ± 10.1 |
152 ± 65.9 |
135.2 ± 66.1 |
45.7 ± 19.5 |
39 |
Females
|
All females
|
196 |
53.1 ± 9.6 |
157.8 ± 70 |
25.9 ± 4.3 |
127 ± 16.1 |
74.2 ± 9.6 |
92 ± 12.9 |
169.3 ± 49 |
138.8 ± 67.8 |
49.8 ± 22.9 |
58.20 |
Duration (0–5 y)
|
130 |
51.7 ± 8.84 |
154.4 ± 64.6 |
26.1 ± 4.3 |
126.3 ± 15.9 |
74.6 ± 9.7 |
91.8 ± 10 |
170.8 ± 43.8 |
138.1 ± 64.9 |
49.3 ± 24.5 |
53 |
Duration (6–10 y)
|
50 |
54.62 ± 11.08 |
149.7 ± 52.3 |
26 ± 4.28 |
131 ± 19.7 |
73.8 ± 10.8 |
90.5 ± 10.3 |
166.8 ± 50.1 |
132.9 ± 59.5 |
49.4 ± 19.8 |
56 |
Duration (>10 y)
|
16 |
59.31 ± 10.4 |
210 ± 78.2 |
23.1 ± 3.45 |
123.7 ± 17.8 |
71 ± 9.94 |
98.8 ± 21 |
165.1 ± 54.5 |
163.1 ± 65.9 |
55.2 ± 15 |
68 |
Table 3The association between age group and occurrence of metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetic patients.
Age group (y) |
Coded value in dataseta
|
Metabolic syndrome
|
Odds of syndrome |
Odds ratio compared to baseline group |
Yes |
No |
25–34 |
0 |
2 |
9 |
0.22 |
1 |
35–44 |
1 |
35 |
49 |
0.71 |
3.27 |
45–54 |
2 |
121 |
148 |
0.81 |
3.68 |
55–64 |
3 |
106 |
100 |
1.06 |
4.81 |
>65 |
4 |
57 |
73 |
0.78 |
3.5 |
Table 4Frequency of high waist circumference, high blood pressure, elevated triglyceride, and low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in metabolic syndrome patients diagnosed by National Cholesterol Educational Programme Adult Treatment Panel III criteria.
Characteristics |
|
Males |
Females |
Metabolic syndrome |
321 |
207 |
114 |
High waist circumference |
123 (38) |
45 (22) |
78 (68.4) |
High blood pressure |
248 (77) |
175 (85) |
73(64) |
Elevated triglyceride |
158 (49) |
101 (49) |
57(50) |
Low HDL-C |
98 (62) |
121 (58) |
77 (67.5) |
Table 5Prevalence rates of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) and dyslipidemic parameters by baseline variables.a
Variables |
Numbers |
Metabolic syndrome |
Prevalence (%) |
Crude relative prevalence (95% CI) |
Systolic BP
|
<130 |
359 |
87 |
24.2 |
1 |
130–149 |
221 |
153 |
69 |
2.85 (2.06, 3.95)*** |
150–169 |
82 |
58 |
70.7 |
2.91 (1.89, 4.47)*** |
≥170 |
38 |
23 |
60.5 |
2.49 (1.34, 4.54)** |
Diastolic BP
|
<80 |
459 |
154 |
34 |
1 |
80–90 |
162 |
104 |
64 |
1.91 (1.38, 2.62)*** |
≥90 |
79 |
63 |
80 |
2.37 (1.59, 3.52)*** |
Triglyceride
|
<150 |
473 |
161 |
34 |
1 |
150–299 |
192 |
138 |
72 |
2.10 (1.57, 2.82)*** |
≥300 |
35 |
22 |
63 |
1.84 (0.99, 3.34)* |
HDL-C
|
>40 |
254 |
150 |
59 |
1 |
40–49 |
171 |
60 |
35 |
0.59 (0.40, 0.86)** |
≥50 |
275 |
111 |
40.3 |
0.68 (0.501, 0.931)* |