Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives

Volume 5(3); June 2014

Editorial

A Period of Storm and Stress: Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2014;5(3):117-118. Published online June 30, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.05.001

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Original Articles

Molecular Typing of Mycobacterium intracellulare Using Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis, Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis, Mycobacteria Interspersed Repetitive-Unit-Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Typing, and Multilocus Sequence Typing: Molecular Characterization and Comparison of Each Typing Methods: Semi Jeon, Nara Lim, Seungjik Kwon, Taesun Shim, Misun Park, Bum-Joon Kim, Seonghan Kim; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2014;5(3):119-130. Published online June 30, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.04.003

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Mycobacterium intracellulare is the major causative agent of nontuberculous mycobacteria-related pulmonary infections. The strain typing of M. intracellulare is important for the treatment and control of its infections. We compared the discrimination capacity and effective value of four different molecular typing methods.
Methods
Antibiotic susceptibility testing, hsp65 and rpoB sequencing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), mycobacteria interspersed repetitive-unit-variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MIRU-VNTR), and VNTR assay targeting 44 M. intracellulare isolates obtained from patients with pulmonary infections were performed.
Results
All the antibiotic susceptibility patterns had no association with the molecular and sequence types tested in this study; however, the molecular and sequence types were related with each other. PFGE gave best results for discriminatory capacity, followed by VNTR, MLST, and MIRU-VNTR.
Conclusion
The high discriminatory power of PFGE, VNTR, and MLST is enough for differentiating between reinfection and relapse, as well as for other molecular epidemiological usages. The MLST could be regarded as a representative classification method, because it showed the clearest relation with the sequence types.

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Applications and advances in molecular diagnostics: revolutionizing non-tuberculous mycobacteria species and subspecies identification
Haiyang Zhang, Maoting Tang, Deyuan Li, Min Xu, Yusen Ao, Liangkang Lin
Frontiers in Public Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Differential Genotyping of Mycobacterium avium Complex and Its Implications in Clinical and Environmental Epidemiology
Jeong-Ih Shin, Sung Jae Shin, Min-Kyoung Shin
Microorganisms.2020; 8(1): 98. CrossRef
A strategy based on Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) for routine genotyping of nontuberculous mycobacteria at the clinical laboratory
Sara Blanco-Conde, Carolina González-Cortés, Ramiro López-Medrano, Juan José Palacios-Gutiérrez, Cristina Diez-Tascón, Teresa Nebreda-Mayoral, María Josefa Sierra-García, Octavio Miguel Rivero-Lezcano
Molecular Biology Reports.2020; 47(5): 3397. CrossRef
Comparative Evaluation of Band-Based Genotyping Methods for Mycobacterium intracellulare and Its Application for Epidemiological Analysis
Jeong-Ih Shin, Jong-Hun Ha, Dong-Hae Lee, Jeong-Gyu Choi, Kyu-Min Kim, Seung Jun Lee, Yi Yeong Jeong, Jong Deog Lee, Myunghwan Jung, Seung-Chul Baik, Woo Kon Lee, Hyung-Lyun Kang, Min-Kyoung Shin, Jung-Wan Yoo
Microorganisms.2020; 8(9): 1315. CrossRef
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis: Past, present, and future
Lilia Lopez-Canovas, Maximo B. Martinez Benitez, Jose A. Herrera Isidron, Eduardo Flores Soto
Analytical Biochemistry.2019; 573: 17. CrossRef
Molecular typing of Mycobacterium kansasii using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and a newly designed variable-number tandem repeat analysis
Zofia Bakuła, Anna Brzostek, Paulina Borówka, Anna Żaczek, Izabela Szulc-Kiełbik, Agata Podpora, Paweł Parniewski, Dominik Strapagiel, Jarosław Dziadek, Małgorzata Proboszcz, Jacek Bielecki, Jakko van Ingen, Tomasz Jagielski
Scientific Reports.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Mycobacterium paraintracellulare sp. nov., for the genotype INT-1 of Mycobacterium intracellulare
So-Young Lee, Byoung-Jun Kim, Hong Kim, Yu-Seop Won, Che Ok Jeon, Joseph Jeong, Seon Ho Lee, Ji-Hun Lim, Seung-Heon Lee, Chang Ki Kim, Yoon-Hoh Kook, Bum-Joon Kim
International Journal of Systematic and Evolution.2016; 66(8): 3132. CrossRef
Methodological and Clinical Aspects of the Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Other Mycobacteria
Tomasz Jagielski, Alina Minias, Jakko van Ingen, Nalin Rastogi, Anna Brzostek, Anna Żaczek, Jarosław Dziadek
Clinical Microbiology Reviews.2016; 29(2): 239. CrossRef
Genetic diversity of clinical Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis and Mycobacterium intracellulare isolates causing pulmonary diseases recovered from different geographical regions
Kazuya Ichikawa, Jakko van Ingen, Won-Jung Koh, Dirk Wagner, Max Salfinger, Takayuki Inagaki, Kei-ichi Uchiya, Taku Nakagawa, Kenji Ogawa, Kiyofumi Yamada, Tetsuya Yagi
Infection, Genetics and Evolution.2015; 36: 250. CrossRef

Prediction Forecast for Culex tritaeniorhynchus Populations in Korea: Nam-Hyun Kim, Wook-Gyo Lee, E-Hyun Shin, Jong Yul Roh, Hae-Chun Rhee, Mi Yeoun Park; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2014;5(3):131-137. Published online June 30, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.04.004

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Japanese encephalitis is considered as a secondary legal infectious disease in Korea and is transmitted by mosquitoes in the summer season. The purpose of this study was to predict the ratio of Culex tritaeniorhynchus to all the species of mosquitoes present in the study regions.
Methods
From 1999 to 2012, black light traps were installed in 10 regions in Korea (Busan, Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Chungbuk, Chungnam, Jeonbuk, Jeonnam, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongnam, and Jeju) to capture mosquitoes for identification and classification under a dissecting microscope. The number of mosquitoes captured/week was used to calculate its daily occurrence (mosquitoes/trap/night). To predict the characteristics of the mosquito population, an autoregressive model of order p (AR(p)) was used to execute the out-of-sample prediction and the in-sample estimation after presumption.
Results
Compared with the out-of-sample method, the sample-weighted regression method's case was relatively superior for prediction, and this method predicted a decrease in the frequency of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus for 2013. However, the actual frequency of this species showed an increase in frequency. By contrast, the frequency rate of all the mosquitoes including Cx. tritaeniorhynchus gradually decreased.
Conclusion
The number of patients with Japanese encephalitis has been strongly associated with the occurrence and density of vector mosquitoes, and the importance of this infectious disease has been highlighted since 2010. The 2013 prediction indicated an increase after an initial decrease, although the ratio of the two mosquito species decreased. The increase in vector density may be due to changes in temperature and the environment. Thus, continuous prevalence prediction is warranted.

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Lydia H. V. Franklinos, David W. Redding, Tim C. D. Lucas, Rory Gibb, Ibrahim Abubakar, Kate E. Jones, Andrew S. Azman
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Alioune Gaye, Moussa Moïse Diagne, El Hadji Ndiaye, Marie Henriette Dior Ndione, Martin Faye, Cheikh Talla, Gamou Fall, Yamar Ba, Diawo Diallo, Ibrahima Dia, Pascal Handschumacher, Ousmane Faye, Amadou Alpha Sall, Mawlouth Diallo
Emerging Microbes & Infections.2020; 9(1): 496. CrossRef
The mitochondrial genomes of Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Culex pipiens pallens (Diptera: Culicidae) and comparison analysis with two other Culex species
Qian-Chun Luo, You-Jin Hao, Fengxia Meng, Ting-Jing Li, Yi-Ran Ding, Ya-Qiong Hua, Bin Chen
Parasites & Vectors.2016;[Epub] CrossRef

Smoking and Alcohol Drinking Related to Experience of Harmful Shops among Korean Adolescents: Jinyoung Kim, Aeree Sohn; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2014;5(3):138-147. Published online June 30, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.04.005

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
This study was conducted in order to determine any correlation between experience of harmful shops and adolescent smoking and alcohol drinking in middle and high school students.
Methods
The survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire online via the homepage of the Ministry of Education student Health Information Center; 1888 and 1563 questionnaires were used for middle and high school students, respectively, for a total of 3451 questionnaires in the final analysis. The collected data were processed using SPSS version 21.0 and examined using frequency analysis and hierarchical linear regression.
Results
In this research, 8.3% of all participants were found to have experienced smoking and 17.0% alcohol drinking. Regarding the types of harmful shops, 81.8% said they had been to a gaming place; 21.2% to a lodging place; 16.0% to a sex and entertainment place; and 6.8% to a harmful sex industry location. Sociodemographic variables had a significant effect on adolescent smoking and alcohol drinking. Regarding environmental variables, a significant difference was observed for living with parents and school location. Among adolescent experience of harmful shops, both smoking and alcohol drinking showed a significant association with harmful sex industry locations.
Conclusion
National government-level management and supervision on this issue will be necessary to prevent adolescent access to harmful shops, along with more studies exploring methods for implementation of policies with more systematic control of harmful shops.

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Bohye Lee, Myungsuk Choi, Mankyu Choi
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Prevalence and Extrinsic Risk Factors for Dental Erosion in Adolescents
Ana C Mafla, Ximena A Cerón-Bastidas, Maria E Munoz-Ceballos, Diana C Vallejo-Bravo, Maria C Fajardo-Santacruz
Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry.2017; 41(2): 102. CrossRef
Trend of Suicide Rates According to Urbanity among Adolescents by Gender and Suicide Method in Korea, 1997–2012
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The awareness of "School Environmental Sanitation and Cleanup Zone System" and harmful perception by shops among students, teachers and parents in Korea
Aeree Sohn
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Sun-Hee Joung, YeogSeon Hong, AeRee Sohn
Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2015; 32(3): 33. CrossRef
A Period of Storm and Stress
Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2014; 5(3): 117. CrossRef
Characterizing Patterns of Experience of Harmful Shops among Adolescents Using Decision Tree Models
Aeree Sohn
Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2014; 31(3): 15. CrossRef

Factors Affecting Hospital Employees' Knowledge Sharing Intention and Behavior, and Innovation Behavior: Hyun Sook Lee, Seong Ae Hong; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2014;5(3):148-155. Published online June 30, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.04.006

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
To investigate the factors affecting employees' knowledge sharing intention, knowledge sharing behavior, and innovation behavior of the four top-ranked university hospitals in South Korea.
Methods
Data were collected from employees at three university hospitals in Seoul, Korea and one university hospital in Gyeonggi-Do, Korea through self-administered questionnaires. The survey was conducted from May 29, 2013 to July 17, 2013. A total of 779 questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS version 18.0 and AMOS version 18.0.
Results
Factors affecting hospital employees' knowledge sharing intention, knowledge sharing behavior, and innovation behavior are reciprocity, behavioral control, and trust.
Conclusion
It is important to select employees who have a propensity for innovation and continuously educate them about knowledge management based on trust.

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Possibility of CTX-M-14 Gene Transfer from Shigella sonnei to a Commensal Escherichia coli Strain of the Gastroenteritis Microbiome: Seung-Hak Cho, Soon Young Han, Yeon-Ho Kang; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2014;5(3):156-160. Published online June 30, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.04.007

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
To investigated whether the CTX-M-14 gene could be transferred from a clinical Shigella sonnei strain to commensal Escherichia coli strain in the gastroenteritis microbiome.
Methods
E. coli strains were isolated from 30 stool samples of S. sonnei infected students in a gastroenteritis outbreak in 2004 and were characterized by antibiotic resistance analysis, in vitro conjugation and in vivo transfer of CTX-M-14 gene and molecular assays.
Results
One strain of Escherichia coli that had high levels of resistance to cefotaxime was isolated from a patient infected with S. sonnei. Isoelectric focusing showed that the E. coli and S. sonnei strains produced a β-lactamase with an isoelectric point of 8.1. Moreover, polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that both strains possessed the same DNA sequences for CTX-M-14. The results of in vitro and in vivo conjugation showed that the efficiency of CTX-M-14 transfer from S. sonnei to E. coli was similar to CTX-M-14 transfer between E. coli strains.
Conclusion
The data suggest that the acquisition of the extended-spectrum β-lactamases gene by pathogenic bacteria in the human intestinal tract to commensal microbiome bacteria can cause serious infectious diseases.

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Frequencies of CD4+ T Regulatory Cells and their CD25^high and FoxP3^high Subsets Augment in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Acute and Chronic Brucellosis: Abbas Bahador, Jamshid Hadjati, Niloofar Hassannejad, Hadi Ghazanfari, Mohammadreza Maracy, Sirous Jafari, Maryam Nourizadeh, Amirhooshang Nejadeh; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2014;5(3):161-168. Published online June 30, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.04.008

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Brucellosis remains one of the most common zoonotic diseases worldwide. In humans, brucellosis can be a serious, debilitating, and sometimes chronic disease. Different mechanisms can be postulated as to the basis for the induction of the chronic status of infectious diseases that T regulatory cells are one of the most important related mechanisms. The current study was designed to determine whether percentage of CD4+Treg cells and their CD25^high and FoxP3^high subpopulations in peripheral blood are changed in human brucellosis samples in comparison to a control group.
Methods
In total, 68 brucellosis patients (acute form: n = 43, chronic form: n = 25) and 36 healthy volunteers entered our study. After isolating of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, heparinized venous blood samples were obtained from both patients and healthy donors, CD4, CD25, and FoxP3 molecules were evaluated by two- and three-color flow cytometric methods.
Results
The results revealed a new finding in relation to Treg cells and human brucellosis. The numbers of CD4⁺Treg cells and their CD25^high and FoxP3^high subsets increase significantly in the peripheral blood of acute and chronic forms of brucellosis samples compared with healthy groups, with this increase being greater in the chronic group.
Conclusion
There seems to be a correlation between increase of CD4+Treg cells and their subsets and the disease progress from healthy state to acute and chronic brucellosis.

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Prevalence of Dyslipidemia and Hypertension in Indian Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and its Clinical Significance: Dhananjay Yadav, Meerambika Mishra, Arvind Tiwari, Prakash Singh Bisen, Hari Mohan Goswamy, G.B.K.S. Prasad; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2014;5(3):169-175. Published online June 30, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.04.009

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Objectives
The present study was designed to estimate the prevalence of dyslipidemia and hypertension based on the National Cholesterol Educational Programme Adult Treatment Panel III definition of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The study also focuses on prevalence for MetS with respect to the duration of disease in Gwalior–Chambal region of Madhya Pradesh, India.
Methods
Type 2 diabetic patients (n = 700) were selected from a cross-sectional study that is regularly being conducted in the School of Studies in Biochemistry, Jiwaji University Gwalior, India. The period of our study was from January 2007 to October 2009. Dyslipidemia and hypertension were determined in type 2 diabetic patients with MetS as per National Cholesterol Educational Programme Adult Treatment Panel III criteria.
Results
The mean age of the study population was 54 ± 9.3 years with 504 (72%) males and 196 (28%) females. The prevalence of MetS increased with increased duration of diabetes in females; however, almost constant prevalence was seen in the males. Notable increase in the dyslipidemia (64.1%) and hypertension (49%) in type 2 diabetic patients were seen. The steep increase in dyslipidemia and hypertension could be the reason for the growing prevalence of diabetes worldwide. The study also noted a close association between age and occurrence of MetS.
Conclusion
Individual variable of MetS appears to be highly rampant in diabetic population. Despite treatment, almost half of patients still met the criteria for MetS. Effective treatment of MetS components is required to reduce cardiovascular risk in diabetes mellitus hence accurate and early diagnosis to induce effective treatment of MetS in Indian population will be pivotal in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.

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