aCollege of Nursing, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
bRed Cross College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
cCollege of Nursing, Eulji University, Daejeon, Korea
Copyright ©2018, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Characteristics | Unadjusted | Adjusted† |
---|---|---|
|
||
OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
Gender | ||
Men | 4.40 (4.21–4.59)* | 5.26 (4.98–5.57)* |
Women | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
|
||
Age (y) | ||
19–29 | 0.62 (0.60–0.65)* | 0.74 (0.70–0.78)* |
30–39 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
|
||
Education level | ||
≤ High school | 1.21 (1.15–1.26)* | 1.21 (1.15–1.28)* |
≥ College | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
|
||
Marital status | ||
Married | 1.41 (1.36–1.46)* | 1.59 (1.50–1.68)* |
Single | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
|
||
Employment status | ||
Employed | 1.66 (1.59–1.73)* | 1.00 (0.95–1.06) |
Unemployed | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
|
||
Smoking status | ||
Currently smoking | 2.62 (2.50–2.74)* | 1.13 (1.07–1.20)* |
Ex-smoker | 2.73 (2.55–2.92)* | 1.15 (1.06–1.24)* |
Non-smoker | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
|
||
Alcohol consumption | ||
Currently drinking | 1.36 (1.24–1.48)* | 0.97 (0.88–1.08) |
Ex-drinker | 1.12 (1.00–1.25) | 1.25 (1.10–1.42)* |
Non-drinker | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
|
||
Breakfast consumption (d/w) | ||
≤ 4 | 1.00 (1.00–1.04) | 0.96 (0.92–1.01) |
≥ 5 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
|
||
Sleep duration (h/d) | ||
≤ 5 | 1.71 (1.53–1.90)* | 1.15 (1.01–1.30)* |
6–8 | 1.54 (1.40–1.70)* | 1.13 (1.01–1.26)* |
≥ 9 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
|
||
Perception of stress | ||
Yes | 1.04 (1.00–1.09) | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) |
No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
|
||
Perception of depression | ||
Yes | 0.80 (0.73–0.87)* | 0.94 (0.85–1.03) |
No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
|
||
Perceived health status | ||
Good | 1.24 (1.13–1.35)* | 1.25 (1.12–1.38)* |
Average | 1.26 (1.15–1.38)* | 1.32 (1.18–1.46)* |
Poor | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
|
||
Physical activity | ||
Yes | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) | 0.96 (0.92–0.99)* |
No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
|
||
Weight control behavior | ||
Yes | 1.45 (1.39–1.52)* | 2.05 (1.95–2.16)* |
No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Characteristics | Unadjusted | Adjusted† |
---|---|---|
|
||
OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
Gender | ||
Men | 0.12 (0.10–0.13)* | 0.09 (0.07–0.10)* |
Women | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
|
||
Age (y) | ||
19–29 | 1.53 (1.42–1.65)* | 1.48 (1.33–1.63)* |
30–39 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
|
||
Education level | ||
≤ High school | 0.91 (0.83–0.99)* | 1.00 (0.91–1.11) |
≥ College | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
|
||
Marital status | ||
Married | 0.77 (0.71–0.83)* | 0.67 (0.60–0.74)* |
Single | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
|
||
Employment status | ||
Employed | 0.84 (0.78–0.91)* | 1.03 (0.96–1.12) |
Unemployed | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
|
||
Smoking status | ||
Currently smoking | 0.29 (0.26–0.33)* | 1.15 (0.97–1.36) |
Ex-smoker | 0.32 (0.26–0.41)* | 0.83 (0.66–1.05) |
Non-smoker | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
|
||
Alcohol consumption | ||
Currently drinking | 0.70 (0.61–0.81)* | 0.88 (0.75–1.02) |
Ex-drinker | 1.04 (0.87–1.24) | 1.04 (0.86–1.25) |
Non-drinker | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
|
||
Breakfast consumption (d/wk) | ||
≤ 4 | 1.02 (0.95–1.10) | 1.03 (0.96–1.11) |
≥ 5 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
|
||
Sleep duration (h/d) | ||
≤ 5 | 0.78 (0.65–0.93)* | 0.97 (0.80–1.17) |
6–8 | 0.86 (0.74–0.99)* | 1.02 (0.87–1.21) |
≥ 9 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
|
||
Perception of stress | ||
Yes | 0.99 (0.92–1.07) | 0.93 (0.84–1.01) |
No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
|
||
Perception of depression | ||
Yes | 1.32 (1.16–1.51)* | 1.21 (1.05–1.39)* |
No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
|
||
Perceived health status | ||
Good | 0.87 (0.74–1.01) | 0.91 (0.77–1.07) |
Average | 1.01 (0.87–1.18) | 0.99 (0.84–1.17) |
Poor | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
|
||
Physical activity | ||
Yes | 0.96 (0.89–1.03) | 1.02 (0.95–1.10) |
No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
|
||
Weight control behavior | ||
Yes | 0.58 (0.54–0.63)* | 0.41 (0.38–0.44)* |
No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Characteristics | Total | Discordance between body mass index and body image | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||
Concordance | Discordance | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Under-estimation | Over-estimation | ||||||||
| |||||||||
N | % (SE) | n | % (SE) | n | % (SE) | n | % (SE) | ||
| |||||||||
59,361 | - | 33,864 | 56.9 (0.2) | 21,262 | 36.0 (0.2) | 4,235 | 7.1 (0.1) | ||
Gender | Men | 28,100 | 52.1 (0.2) | 12,559 | 46.2 (0.3) | 15,243 | 52.7 (0.3) | 298 | 1.1 (0.1) |
Women | 31,261 | 47.9 (0.2) | 21,305 | 68.4 (0.3) | 6,019 | 17.8 (0.2) | 3,937 | 13.8 (0.2) | |
| |||||||||
Age (y) | 19–29 | 25,313 | 48.0 (0.2) | 15,554 | 61.0 (0.3) | 7,317 | 29.8 (0.3) | 2,442 | 9.2 (0.2) |
30–39 | 34,048 | 52.0 (0.2) | 18,310 | 53.0 (0.3) | 13,945 | 41.7 (0.3) | 1,793 | 5.2 (0.1) | |
| |||||||||
Education level | ≤ High school | 14,696 | 21.6 (0.2) | 8,012 | 54.1 (0.5) | 5,789 | 39.6 (0.5) | 895 | 6.3 (0.2) |
≥ College | 44,665 | 78.4 (0.2) | 25,852 | 57.6 (0.3) | 15,473 | 35.0 (0.3) | 3,340 | 7.4 (0.1) | |
| |||||||||
Marital status | Married | 29,401 | 44.4 (0.2) | 16,002 | 53.5 (0.3) | 11,727 | 40.7 (0.3) | 1,672 | 5.7 (0.2) |
Single | 29,960 | 55.6 (0.2) | 17,862 | 59.5 (0.3) | 9,535 | 32.2 (0.3) | 2,563 | 8.3 (0.2) | |
| |||||||||
Employment status | Employed | 38,760 | 64.6 (0.2) | 20,793 | 53.6 (0.3) | 15,541 | 40.1 (0.3) | 2,426 | 6.3 (0.1) |
Unemployed | 20,601 | 35.4 (0.2) | 13,071 | 62.8 (0.4) | 5,721 | 28.4 (0.4) | 1,809 | 8.8 (0.2) | |
| |||||||||
Smoking status | Currently smoking | 14,380 | 25.3 (0.2) | 6,469 | 45.8 (0.5) | 7,616 | 52.1 (0.5) | 295 | 2.1 (0.1) |
Ex-smoker | 5,091 | 9.2 (0.2) | 2,237 | 44.7 (0.8) | 2,740 | 53.0 (0.8) | 114 | 2.3 (0.2) | |
Non-smoker | 39,890 | 65.5 (0.2) | 25,158 | 62.8 (0.3) | 10,906 | 27.3 (0.3) | 3,826 | 9.8 (0.2) | |
| |||||||||
Alcohol consumption | Currently drinking | 50,818 | 87.3 (0.2) | 28,747 | 56.5 (0.2) | 18,683 | 36.8 (0.2) | 3,388 | 6.7 (0.1) |
Ex-drinker | 4,824 | 7.5 (0.2) | 2,872 | 58.4 (0.8) | 1,484 | 31.3 (0.8) | 468 | 10.3 (0.5) | |
Non-drinker | 3,719 | 5.2 (0.2) | 2,245 | 60.6 (1.0) | 1,095 | 29.1 (0.9) | 379 | 10.3 (0.6) | |
| |||||||||
Breakfast consumption (d/wk) | ≤ 4 | 29,789 | 52.1 (0.2) | 17,010 | 56.8 (0.3) | 10,605 | 36.0 (0.3) | 2,174 | 7.2 (0.2) |
≥ 5 | 29,572 | 47.9 (0.2) | 16,854 | 56.9 (0.3) | 10,657 | 36.0 (0.3) | 2,061 | 7.1 (0.2) | |
| |||||||||
Sleep duration (h/d) | ≤ 5 | 6,719 | 12.2 (0.2) | 3,701 | 55.0 (0.7) | 2,586 | 38.7 (0.7) | 432 | 6.3 (0.3) |
6–8 | 49,721 | 83.2 (0.2) | 28,311 | 56.7 (0.2) | 17,880 | 36.1 (0.2) | 3,530 | 7.2 (0.1) | |
≥ 9 | 2,921 | 4.6 (0.2) | 1,852 | 64.1 (1.0) | 796 | 26.5 (0.9) | 273 | 9.4 (0.6) | |
| |||||||||
Perception of stress | Yes | 18,783 | 32.4 (0.2) | 10,628 | 56.3 (0.4) | 6,820 | 36.6 (0.4) | 1,335 | 7.1 (0.2) |
No | 40,578 | 67.6 (0.2) | 23,236 | 57.1 (0.3) | 14,442 | 35.7 (0.3) | 2,900 | 7.2 (0.1) | |
| |||||||||
Perception of depression | Yes | 3,540 | 6.1 (0.2) | 2,164 | 59.7 (0.9) | 1,054 | 30.5 (0.9) | 322 | 9.7 (0.6) |
No | 55,821 | 93.9 (0.2) | 31,700 | 56.7 (0.2) | 20,208 | 36.3 (0.2) | 3,913 | 7.0 (0.1) | |
| |||||||||
Perceived health status | Good | 32,060 | 54.4 (0.2) | 18,317 | 57.1 (0.3) | 11,584 | 36.2 (0.3) | 2,159 | 6.7 (0.2) |
Average | 24,233 | 40.6 (0.2) | 13,723 | 56.1 (0.4) | 8,683 | 36.2 (0.3) | 1,827 | 7.7 (0.2) | |
Poor | 3,068 | 5.0 (0.2) | 1,824 | 60.6 (1.0) | 995 | 31.2 (0.9) | 249 | 8.2 (0.6) | |
| |||||||||
Physical activity | Yes | 23,803 | 43.8 (0.2) | 13,576 | 56.9 (0.4) | 8,544 | 36.1 (0.4) | 1,683 | 7.0 (0.2) |
No | 35,558 | 56.2 (0.2) | 20,288 | 56.8 (0.3) | 12,718 | 35.9 (0.3) | 2,552 | 7.3 (0.2) | |
| |||||||||
Weight control behavior | Yes | 42,077 | 72.0 (0.2) | 23,553 | 55.5 (0.3) | 16,140 | 38.7 (0.3) | 2,384 | 5.8 (0.1) |
No | 17,284 | 28.0 (0.2) | 10,311 | 60.3 (0.4) | 5,122 | 29.0 (0.4) | 1,851 | 10.7 (0.3) | |
| |||||||||
Body mass index (kg/m2) | Underweight | 5,046 | 8.6 (0.1) | 937 | 18.9 (0.6) | 0 | 0 | 4,109 | 81.1 (0.6) |
Normal weight | 30,031 | 50.7 (0.2) | 29,175 | 96.9 (0.1) | 730 | 2.7 (0.1) | 126 | 0.4 (0.0) | |
Obese | 24,284 | 40.7 (0.2) | 3,752 | 15.0 (0.3) | 20,532 | 85.0 (0.3) | 0 | 0 | |
| |||||||||
Body image | Slender | 1,680 | 3.0 (0.1) | 937 | 54.2 (1.4) | 743 | 45.8 (1.4) | 0 | 0 |
Average | 53,798 | 90.7 (0.1) | 29,175 | 54.2 (0.2) | 20,519 | 38.2 (0.2) | 4,104 | 7.7 (0.1) | |
Obese | 3,883 | 6.3 (0.1) | 3,752 | 96.8 (0.3) | 0 | 0 | 131 | 3.2 (0.3) |
Characteristics | Concordance (n = 33,864) | Under-estimation (n = 21,262) | χ2 | p | Concordance (n = 33,864) | Over-estimation (n = 4,235) | χ2 | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||
%(SE) | %(SE) | %(SE) | %(SE) | |||||
Gender | ||||||||
Men | 45.2(0.3) | 54.8(0.3) | 6,133.89 | < 0.001 | 97.7(0.1) | 2.3(0.1) | 1,898.81 | < 0.001 |
Women | 78.0(0.3) | 22.0(0.3) | 83.2(0.3) | 16.8(0.3) | ||||
| ||||||||
Age (y) | ||||||||
19–29 | 67.2(0.3) | 32.8(0.3) | 725.52 | < 0.001 | 86.8(0.3) | 13.2(0.3) | 164.87 | < 0.001 |
30–39 | 56.0(0.3) | 44.0(0.3) | 91.0(0.2) | 9.0(0.2) | ||||
| ||||||||
Educational level | ||||||||
≤ High school | 57.7(0.5) | 42.3(0.5) | 80.45 | < 0.001 | 89.5(0.4) | 10.5(0.4) | 5.04 | 0.040 |
≥ College | 62.2(0.3) | 37.8(0.3) | 88.6(0.2) | 11.4(0.2) | ||||
| ||||||||
Marital status | ||||||||
Married | 56.8(0.3) | 43.2(0.3) | 381.21 | < 0.001 | 90.3(0.3) | 9.7(0.3) | 61.21 | < 0.001 |
Single | 64.9(0.3) | 35.1(0.3) | 87.8(0.3) | 12.2(0.3) | ||||
| ||||||||
Employment status | ||||||||
Employed | 57.2(0.3) | 42.8(0.3) | 720.40 | < 0.001 | 89.5(0.2) | 10.5(0.2) | 27.31 | < 0.001 |
Unemployed | 68.9(0.4) | 31.1(0.4) | 87.8(0.3) | 12.2(0.3) | ||||
| ||||||||
Smoking status | ||||||||
Currently smoking | 46.7(0.5) | 53.3(0.5) | 2,894.53 | < 0.001 | 95.6(0.3) | 4.4(0.3) | 596.29 | < 0.001 |
Ex-smoker | 45.7(0.8) | 54.3(0.8) | 95.2(0.5) | 4.8(0.5) | ||||
Non-smoker | 69.7(0.3) | 30.3(0.3) | 86.5(0.2) | 13.5(0.2) | ||||
| ||||||||
Alcohol consumption | ||||||||
Currently drinking | 60.6(0.3) | 39.4(0.3) | 80.81 | < 0.001 | 89.4(0.2) | 10.6(0.2) | 78.09 | < 0.001 |
Ex-drinker | 65.1(0.8) | 34.9(0.8) | 85.0(0.7) | 15.0(0.7) | ||||
Non-drinker | 67.5(1.0) | 32.5(1.0) | 85.5(0.9) | 14.5(0.9) | ||||
| ||||||||
Breakfast consumption (d/wk) | ||||||||
≤4 | 61.2(0.3) | 38.8(0.3) | 0.06 | 0.825 | 88.7(0.3) | 11.3(0.3) | 0.39 | 0.581 |
≥5 | 61.3(0.3) | 38.7(0.3) | 88.9(0.3) | 11.1(0.3) | ||||
| ||||||||
Sleep duration (h/d) | ||||||||
≤5 | 58.7(0.7) | 41.3(0.7) | 113.91 | < 0.001 | 89.8(0.5) | 10.2(0.5) | 9.30 | 0.025 |
6–8 | 61.1(0.3) | 38.9(0.3) | 88.8(0.2) | 11.2(0.2) | ||||
≥9 | 70.8(1.0) | 29.2(1.0) | 87.2(0.8) | 12.8(0.8) | ||||
| ||||||||
Perception of stress | ||||||||
Yes | 60.6(0.4) | 39.4(0.4) | 4.63 | 0.061 | 88.9(0.3) | 11.1(0.3) | 0.05 | 0.845 |
No | 61.6(0.3) | 38.4(0.3) | 88.8(0.2) | 11.2(0.2) | ||||
| ||||||||
Perception of depression | ||||||||
Yes | 66.2(0.9) | 33.8(0.9) | 35.82 | < 0.001 | 86.0(0.8) | 14.0(0.8) | 21.71 | < 0.001 |
No | 60.9(0.2) | 39.1(0.2) | 89.0(0.2) | 11.0(0.2) | ||||
| ||||||||
Perceived health status | ||||||||
Good | 61.2(0.3) | 38.8(0.3) | 29.05 | < 0.001 | 89.5(0.2) | 10.5(0.2) | 22.29 | < 0.001 |
Average | 60.8(0.4) | 39.2(0.4) | 88.0(0.3) | 12.0(0.3) | ||||
Poor | 66.1(1.0) | 33.9(1.0) | 88.1(0.8) | 11.9(0.8) | ||||
| ||||||||
Physical activity | ||||||||
Yes | 61.2(0.4) | 38.8(0.4) | 0.03 | 0.878 | 89.1(0.3) | 10.9(0.3) | 1.98 | 0.207 |
No | 61.3(0.3) | 38.7(0.3) | 88.6(0.2) | 11.4(0.2) | ||||
| ||||||||
Weight control behavior | ||||||||
Yes | 58.9(0.3) | 41.1(0.3) | 339.03 | < 0.001 | 90.6(0.2) | 9.4(0.2) | 267.66 | < 0.001 |
No | 67.5(0.4) | 32.5(0.4) | 84.9(0.4) | 15.1(0.4) |
Characteristics | Unadjusted | Adjusted |
---|---|---|
| ||
OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
Gender | ||
Men | 4.40 (4.21–4.59) |
5.26 (4.98–5.57) |
Women | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| ||
Age (y) | ||
19–29 | 0.62 (0.60–0.65) |
0.74 (0.70–0.78) |
30–39 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| ||
Education level | ||
≤ High school | 1.21 (1.15–1.26) |
1.21 (1.15–1.28) |
≥ College | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| ||
Marital status | ||
Married | 1.41 (1.36–1.46) |
1.59 (1.50–1.68) |
Single | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| ||
Employment status | ||
Employed | 1.66 (1.59–1.73) |
1.00 (0.95–1.06) |
Unemployed | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| ||
Smoking status | ||
Currently smoking | 2.62 (2.50–2.74) |
1.13 (1.07–1.20) |
Ex-smoker | 2.73 (2.55–2.92) |
1.15 (1.06–1.24) |
Non-smoker | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| ||
Alcohol consumption | ||
Currently drinking | 1.36 (1.24–1.48) |
0.97 (0.88–1.08) |
Ex-drinker | 1.12 (1.00–1.25) | 1.25 (1.10–1.42) |
Non-drinker | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| ||
Breakfast consumption (d/w) | ||
≤ 4 | 1.00 (1.00–1.04) | 0.96 (0.92–1.01) |
≥ 5 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| ||
Sleep duration (h/d) | ||
≤ 5 | 1.71 (1.53–1.90) |
1.15 (1.01–1.30) |
6–8 | 1.54 (1.40–1.70) |
1.13 (1.01–1.26) |
≥ 9 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| ||
Perception of stress | ||
Yes | 1.04 (1.00–1.09) | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) |
No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| ||
Perception of depression | ||
Yes | 0.80 (0.73–0.87) |
0.94 (0.85–1.03) |
No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| ||
Perceived health status | ||
Good | 1.24 (1.13–1.35) |
1.25 (1.12–1.38) |
Average | 1.26 (1.15–1.38) |
1.32 (1.18–1.46) |
Poor | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| ||
Physical activity | ||
Yes | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) | 0.96 (0.92–0.99) |
No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| ||
Weight control behavior | ||
Yes | 1.45 (1.39–1.52) |
2.05 (1.95–2.16) |
No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Characteristics | Unadjusted | Adjusted |
---|---|---|
| ||
OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
Gender | ||
Men | 0.12 (0.10–0.13) |
0.09 (0.07–0.10) |
Women | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| ||
Age (y) | ||
19–29 | 1.53 (1.42–1.65) |
1.48 (1.33–1.63) |
30–39 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| ||
Education level | ||
≤ High school | 0.91 (0.83–0.99) |
1.00 (0.91–1.11) |
≥ College | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| ||
Marital status | ||
Married | 0.77 (0.71–0.83) |
0.67 (0.60–0.74) |
Single | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| ||
Employment status | ||
Employed | 0.84 (0.78–0.91) |
1.03 (0.96–1.12) |
Unemployed | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| ||
Smoking status | ||
Currently smoking | 0.29 (0.26–0.33) |
1.15 (0.97–1.36) |
Ex-smoker | 0.32 (0.26–0.41) |
0.83 (0.66–1.05) |
Non-smoker | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| ||
Alcohol consumption | ||
Currently drinking | 0.70 (0.61–0.81) |
0.88 (0.75–1.02) |
Ex-drinker | 1.04 (0.87–1.24) | 1.04 (0.86–1.25) |
Non-drinker | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| ||
Breakfast consumption (d/wk) | ||
≤ 4 | 1.02 (0.95–1.10) | 1.03 (0.96–1.11) |
≥ 5 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| ||
Sleep duration (h/d) | ||
≤ 5 | 0.78 (0.65–0.93) |
0.97 (0.80–1.17) |
6–8 | 0.86 (0.74–0.99) |
1.02 (0.87–1.21) |
≥ 9 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| ||
Perception of stress | ||
Yes | 0.99 (0.92–1.07) | 0.93 (0.84–1.01) |
No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| ||
Perception of depression | ||
Yes | 1.32 (1.16–1.51) |
1.21 (1.05–1.39) |
No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| ||
Perceived health status | ||
Good | 0.87 (0.74–1.01) | 0.91 (0.77–1.07) |
Average | 1.01 (0.87–1.18) | 0.99 (0.84–1.17) |
Poor | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| ||
Physical activity | ||
Yes | 0.96 (0.89–1.03) | 1.02 (0.95–1.10) |
No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| ||
Weight control behavior | ||
Yes | 0.58 (0.54–0.63) |
0.41 (0.38–0.44) |
No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
All percentages were weighted to represent the total population of the 2014 Community Health Survey. SE = standard error.
SE =standard error.
Adjusted for gender, age, education level, marital status, employment status, smoking status, alcohol consumption, sleep duration, depression, perceived health status, and weight control behavior. CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio.
Adjusted for gender, age, education level, marital status, employment status, smoking status, alcohol consumption, sleep duration, depression, and weight control behavior. CI =confidence interval; OR =odds ratio.