<sec>
<title>Objectives</title>
<p>The purpose of this study was to determine whether the cranial vertebral angle (CVA) and the range of motion (ROM) was different between participants with a forward head posture (FHP), with or without pain.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Methods</title>
<p>Forty-four participants who had FHP participated in this study. The FHP was assessed digitally by measuring a lateral view the CVA for each subject. A cervical ROM device measured the cervical ROM. The volunteers were allocated to either, with pain (<italic>n</italic> = 22), or without pain (<italic>n</italic> = 22) groups, and pain was evaluated using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Results</title>
<p>The FHP in the pain group showed a significant difference in the CVA, and the cervical ROM in both flexion and extension, compared with those in the FHP without pain group (<italic>p</italic> < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that the occurrence of cervical area pain was higher amongst subjects who had a decreased CVA and flexion motion.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Conclusion</title>
<p>This study suggested that decreased CVA and cervical flexion range, were predictive factors for the occurrence of pain in the cervical region.</p></sec>
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<sec><title>Objectives</title><p>The aim of this study was to determine whether exercises can change the cervical angle and respiratory function in smartphone users.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Thirty healthy volunteers were recruited. The subjects were randomly divided into an exercise group and a control group. All participants used a smartphone for 1 hour while maintaining a sitting posture. Then, each group performed their assigned activity. The exercise group performed two types of exercises and the control group maintained routine activities for 20 minutes. To investigate the changes in cervical angle and respiratory function, we measured the craniovertebral angle by using a spirometer.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Statistically significant differences were noted in the craniovertebral angle, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, peak expiratory flow, maximal inspiratory pressure, and maximal expiratory pressure of the two groups (<italic>p</italic> < 0.05).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Our findings showed that proper exercise could be a good method of improving the cervical angle and respiratory function in smartphone users.</p></sec>
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