| Monali P. Mishra | 1 Article |
Objectives
To screen methanolic leaf extracts of 21 timber-yielding plants for antibacterial activity against nine species of uropathogenic bacteria isolated from clinical samples of a hospital (<i>Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Acinetobacter baumannii, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis,</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>). Methods Bacterial strains were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity tests by the Kirby–Bauer's disc diffusion method. The antibacterial potentiality of leaf extracts was monitored by the agar-well diffusion method with multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of nine uropathogens. Results Two Gram-positive isolates, <i>E. faecalis</i> and <i>S. aureus</i>, were resistant to 14 of the 18 antibiotics used. Gram-negative isolates <i>A. baumannii</i>, <i>C. freundii</i>, <i>E. aerogenes</i>, <i>E. coli</i>, <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, <i>P. mirabilis</i>, and <i>P. aeruginosa</i> were resistant to 10, 12, 9, 11, 11, 10, and 11 antibiotics, respectively, of the 14 antibiotics used. Methanolic leaf extracts of <i>Anogeissus acuminata</i> had the maximum zone of inhibition size—29 mm against <i>S. aureus</i> and 28 mm against <i>E. faecalis</i> and <i>P. aeruginosa. Cassia tora</i> had 29 mm as the zone of inhibition size for <i>E. faecalis, E. aerogenes</i>, and <i>P. aeruginosa</i>. Based on the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values, the most effective 10 plants against uropathogens could be arranged in decreasing order as follows: <i>C. tora</i> > <i>A. acuminata</i> > <i>Schleichera oleosa</i> > <i>Pterocarpus santalinus</i> > <i>Eugenia jambolana</i> > <i>Bridelia retusa</i> > <i>Mimusops elengi</i> > <i>Stereospermum kunthianum</i> > <i>Tectona grandis</i> > <i>Anthocephalus cadamba.</i> The following eight plants had moderate control capacity: <i>Artocarpus heterophyllus</i>, <i>Azadirachta indica</i>, <i>Dalbergia latifolia</i>, <i>Eucalyptus citriodora</i>, <i>Gmelina arborea</i>, <i>Pongamia pinnata</i>, <i>Pterocarpus marsupium</i>, and <i>Shorea robusta</i>. <i>E. coli</i>, followed by <i>A. baumannii</i>, <i>C. freundii</i>, <i>E. aerogenes</i>, <i>P. mirabilis</i>, and <i>P. aeruginosa</i> were controlled by higher amounts/levels of leaf extracts. Phytochemicals of all plants were qualitatively estimated. Conclusions A majority of timber-yielding plants studied had <i>in vitro</i> control capacity against MDR uropathogenic bacteria. Citations
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