1. Cirillo M, Laurenzi M, Mancini M, et al. Low glomerular filtration in the population: prevalence, associated disorders, and awareness. Kidney Int 2006;70(4):800-6.
3. Chin HJ, Oh KH, Oh YK, et al. The prevalence and the associated disorders of chronic kidney disease in subjects with health check-up. Korean J Nephrol 2007;26(2):195-203. [in Korean].
4. Barnett K, Mercer SW, Norbury M, et al. Epidemiology of multimorbidity and implications for health care, research, and medical education: A cross-sectional study. Lancet 2012;380(9836):37-43.
5. Kim SW, Kim KI. Management of multimorbidity in the elderly. J Korean Med Assoc 2014;57(9):743-8. [in Korean].
6. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development [Internet]. Health Reform: Meeting the challenge of ageing and multiple morbidities. OECD Publishing; 2011 [cited 2020 Jan 20]. Available from:
https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264122314-1-en.
7. Beddhu S, Bruns FJ, Saul M, et al. A simple comorbidity scale predicts clinical outcomes and costs in dialysis patients. Am J Med 2000;108(8):609-13.
8. Miskulin DC, Athienites NV, Yan G, et al. Comorbidity assessment using the index of coexistent diseases in a multicenter clinical trial. Kidney Int 2001;60(4):1498-510.
9. Kim CH, Hwang I, Yoo WS. The common patterns of multimorbidity and its impact on healthcare cost in Korea. Health Policy Manag 2014;24(3):219-27. [in Korean].
10. Van den Akker M, Buntinx F, Knottnerus JA. Comorbidity or multimorbidity: What’s in a name? A review of literature. Eur J Gen Pract 1996;2(2):65-70.
11. Ware JE Jr, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36): I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care 1992;473-83.
12. Ware JE Jr, Kosinski M, Keller SD. A 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey: Construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Med Care 1996;34(3):220-33.
13. Manns B, Johnson J, Taub K, et al. Quality of life in patients treated with hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis: What are the important determinants? Clin Nephrol 2003;60(5):341-51.
14. Park JT, Oh HJ, Kang SW. Cardiovascular disease in end-stage renal disease. J Korean Med Assoc 2013;56(7):576-82. [in Korean].
16. Cha J. [Dissertation]. Structural equation modeling of quality of life focused on the self-management process in patients with hemodialysis Seoul (Korea): Seoul National University; 2014. pp 1-98. [in Korean].
17. Shim O. The study on the elderly hemodialysis patients’ transition of health condition and health-related quality of life. Hanguk Nonyonhak 2010;30(1):179-94. [in Korean].
18. Schiffrin EL, Lipman ML, Mann JF. Chronic kidney disease: Effects on the cardiovascular system. Circulation 2007;116(1):85-97.
20. Kim EY, Kim JS. Predictors of quality of life among hemodialysis patients. J Korean Acad Adult Nurs 2004;16(4):597-607. [in Korean].
23. Störk S, Feelders RA, Van den Beld AW, et al. Prediction of mortality risk in the elderly. Am J Med 2006;119(6):519-25.
24. Kim DJ, Kim J, Kim H, et al. Current status of diabetic end-stage renal disease using Korean health insurance database. J Korean Diabetes 2006;30(5):355-62. [in Korean].
25. Lim KB, Lee R, Ko KN, et al. Self-care for diabetic patients in primary care. Korean J Fam Med 2007;28(2):106-13. [in Korean].
26. Lee JS, Oh SY, Han HS, et al. The coping experience in hypertensive clients. J Korean Acad Nurs 2001;31(5):759-69. [in Korean].
27. Park IS, Song R, Ahn S, et al. Factors explaining quality of life in individuals with coronary artery disease. J Korean Acad Nurs 2008;38(6):866-73. [in Korean].
28. Yi MS, Kim K, Cha J. Phenomenological study on illness experience of men with myocardial infarction in Korea. J Korean Clin Nurs Res 2015;21(3):389-400. [in Korean].
29. Thomas-Hawkins C, Zazworsky D. Self-Management of chronic kidney disease: Patients shoulder the responsibility for day-to-day management of chronic illness. How can nurses support their autonomy? Am J Nurs 2005;105(10):40-8.
30. Hemmelgarn BR, Manns BJ, Quan H, et al. Adapting the Charlson comorbidity index for use in patients with ESRD. Am J Kidney Dis 2003;42(1):125-32.
31. Imamura K, McKinnon M, Middleton R, et al. Reliability of a comorbidity measure: The index of co-existent disease (ICED). J Clin Epidemiol 1997;50(9):1011-6.