aCenter for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
bEpidemiology and Biostatistics Department, School of Public Health, Tbriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
cEpidemiology and Biostatistics Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
dComputer Engineering and Information Technology Department, University of Shahrood, Shahrood, Iran
Copyright © 2016 Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Published by Elsevier Korea LLC.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Self-esteem | Smoking stages in first phase | Smoking stages 1 y later (%) | Total (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Never smoker | Experimenter | Regular smoker | |||
Stronger (n = 2,129) | Never smoker | 1,650 (92.9) | 101 (5.7) | 26 (1.4) | 1,777 (100.0) |
Experimenter | — | 245 (84.8) | 44 (15.2) | 289 (100.0) | |
Regular smoker | — | — | 63 (100.0) | 63 (100.0) | |
Weaker (n = 1,833) | Never smoker | 1,260 (91.0) | 108 (7.8) | 17 (1.2) | 1,385 (100.0) |
Experimenter | — | 298 (83.9) | 57 (16.1) | 355 (100.0) | |
Regular smoker | — | — | 93 (100.0) | 93 (100.0) |
Treatment factor | Cigarette smoking stages | ||
---|---|---|---|
Self-esteem | Never smoker | Experimenter | Regular smoker |
Stronger | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Weaker | 1 | 2.2 (1.9–2.6) | 2.0 (1.5–2.6) |