Figure 1Standard screw-cap tubes (16 mm × 125 mm) used for cell culture.
Figure 2Cell and virus culture.(A) Untreated A549 cells, (B) HSV2 inoculated with A549, (C) adenovirus inoculated with A549, (D) untreated MRC-5 fibroblasts, (E) cytomegalovirus-inoculated MRC-5 fibroblasts, (F) rhinovirus inoculated with MRC-5 fibroblasts, (G) untreated RhMK, (H) enterovirus inoculated with RhMk, (I) influenza A inoculated with RhMk, (J) untreated HEp-2, (K) respiratory syncytial virus inoculated with HEp-2, and (L) monkey virus inoculated with RhMk. HSV = herpes simplex virus; RhMK = rhesus monkey kidney cells.
Figure 3Shell vial that can be directly centrifuged.
Figure 4Immunofluorescence diagnosis of viral respiratory pathogens inoculated with R-Mix cells. (A) Untreated R-Mix, (B) adenovirus, (C) influenza type A, (D) influenza type B, (E) parainfluenza virus type 1, (F) parainfluenza virus 2, (G) parainfluenza virus 3, and (H) respiratory syncytial virus.
Table 1CPE formation and confirmation test in different viruses.
Viruses |
CPE in
|
Final identification of isolates |
Fibroblasts |
A549 cells |
RhMK cells |
Adenovirus |
Some produce clusters |
Grape-like clusters or “lacy” pattern; 5–8 d |
Some produce clusters |
IF for group and neutralization for type |
Cytomegalovirus |
Foci of contiguous rounded cells; 10–30 d |
— |
— |
CPE |
Herpes simplex virus |
Rounded large cells; 2–6 d |
Rounded large cells; 1–4 d |
Some produce CPE |
IF for group and neutralization for type |
Influenza virus |
— |
— |
Undifferentiated CPE, cellular granulation; 4–8 d |
IF for group and neutralization for type |
Rhinovirus |
Degeneration, rounding; 7–10 d |
— |
— |
CPE |