La Grandee International College, Pokhara University, Pokhara, Nepal
Copyright © 2015 Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Published by Elsevier Korea LLC.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Characteristics | N (%) |
---|---|
Age (y) | |
Mean = 23.69 | |
Range = 15–43 | |
Religion | |
Hindu | 315 (82) |
Buddhist | 69 (18) |
Educational status of mothers (n = 384) | |
Literate | 313 (81.5) |
Illiterate | 71 (18.5) |
Educational status of husband (n = 297) | |
Literate | 275 (92.6) |
Illiterate | 22 (7.4) |
Educational status of head of household (n = 87) | |
Literate | 55 (63.2) |
Illiterate | 32 (36.8) |
Occupation of mothers (n = 378) | |
Unemployment | 301 (79.6) |
Employment | 77 (20.4) |
Occupation of husband (n = 295) | |
Unemployment | 49 (16.6) |
Employment | 246 (83.4) |
Occupation of head of household (n = 88) | |
Unemployment | 30 (34.1) |
Employment | 58 (65.9) |
Monthly family income | |
≤25,000 NRs (245.1 US$)∗ | 287 (74.7) |
>25,000 NRs (245.1 US$)∗ | 97 (25.3) |
Distance between hospital and respondent house | |
≤15 km | 197 (51.3) |
>15 km | 187 (48.7) |
Time needed to reach hospital from respondent house | |
≤240 min | 358 (93.2) |
>240 min | 26 (6.8) |
No. of pregnancy | |
1st Time | 258 (67.2) |
2nd Time | 122 (31.8) |
3rd Time | 4 (1) |
Modes of delivery | |
Normal vaginal delivery | 265 (69) |
C-section | 119 (31) |
Length of stay | |
≤5 d | 201 (52.3) |
>5 d | 183 (47.7) |
Normal vaginal delivery without complication |
Cesarean section |
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---|---|---|---|---|
Components of care | Mean in NRs∗ | Min–Max cost in NRs∗ | Mean in NRs∗ | Min–Max cost in NRs∗ |
A. Visible cost | ||||
Registration cost | 79.15 | 75–500 | 114.45 | 75–3,200 |
Cost of medicine | 1,705.62 | 500–15,500 | 1,870.47 | 488–13,000 |
Cost of medical supplies | 361.97 | 0–3,000 | 497.49 | 0–5,500 |
Cost of laboratory test | 919.20 | 0–8476 | 1,129.61 | 50–12,000 |
Cost of video X-ray | 531.32 | 12,200 | 597.73 | 0–3,000 |
Cost of birth certificate | 100 | 0–100 | 100 | 0–100 |
Total visible cost: | ||||
NRs | 3,697.3 | 1,175–17,837 | 4309.7 | 1,263–18,778 |
US$ | 36.3 | 42.3 | ||
Mean total visible cost was 3,887.07 NRs (38.1 US$). | ||||
Median total visible cost was 2,425 NRs (23.7 US$). | ||||
Ranges from 1,175 NRs to 18,775 NRs (11.5 US$ to 184.1 US$). | ||||
B. Hidden costs | ||||
Transport expenses | 2,192.42 | 300–10,000 | 2,488.95 | 200–21,200 |
Food and drinking expenses | 14,840.86 | 1,489–35,000 | 20,340.38 | 5,000–34,000 |
Communication expenses | 241.70 | 50–800 | 305.04 | 100–1,000 |
Cost for laundry | 138.75 | 0–400 | 138.66 | 0–350 |
Cost for fuel | 359.02 | 0–12,300 | 609.07 | 0–4,000 |
Cost for child Care | 1,933.58 | 500–3,500 | 2,447.34 | 800–1,000 |
Cost for clothes | 2,739.71 | 350–8,000 | 3,781.47 | 1,100–13,000 |
Accessories expenses † | 2,371.07 | 150–18,000 | 2,681.31 | 200–5,000 |
Total hidden cost: | ||||
NRs | 24,817.1 | 9,300–52,500 | 32,792.2 | 13,000–52,500 |
US$ | 243.4 US$ | 321.6 US$ | ||
Mean total hidden cost was 27,288.5 NRs (267.6 US$). | ||||
Median total hidden cost was 26,500 NRs (259.9 US$). | ||||
Ranges from 9300 NRs to 52,500 NRs (91.2 US$ to 514.9 US$). | ||||
Total maternity care expenditures | ||||
NRs | 28,514.4 | 11,575-65,390 | 37,101.9 | 15,315-65,390 |
US$ | 279.7 | 363.8 | ||
Mean total maternity care expenditures was 31,175.6 NRs (305.76 US$). | ||||
Median total maternity care expenditures was 28,670 NRs (281.2 US$). | ||||
Ranges from 11,575 NRs to 65,390 NRs (113.5 US$ to 641.3 US$). |