aDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
bKorea Environment Institute, Seoul, Korea
cDepartment of Pediatrics, Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Center, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
© 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Disaster type (period) | No. of areasa | Duration (d) |
Rainfall (mm)b |
Wind speed (m/s)c |
||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yearly average | Disaster period | Yearly average | Disaster period | |||
Typhoon (12−13 Sep 2003)d | 14 | 2 | 5.27 (12.08) | 56.45 (65.29) | 4.34 (1.12) | 10.67 (3.46) |
Typhoon and heavy rain (9−29 Jul 2006) | 7 | 21 | 5.57 (11.91) | 28.04 (25.38) | 4.31 (1.19) | 3.96 (1.46) |
Typhoon and heavy rain (13−16 Sep 2007) | 1 | 4 | 9.04 (20.25) | 89.08 (95.38) | 5.70 (1.67) | 8.73 (5.75) |
Heavy rain (22−24 Oct 2006) | 1 | 3 | 7.97 (19.10) | 38.93 (47.78) | 4.37 (1.19) | 6.53 (2.99) |
Heavy rain (4−15 Aug 2007) | 2 | 12 | 5.87 (10.25) | 19.40 (18.83) | 4.28 (1.21) | 4.25 (0.96) |
Heavy rain (23−26 Jul 2008) | 1 | 4 | 4.92 (10.67) | 27.51 (38.74) | 4.10 (1.18) | 3.07 (0.38) |
Heavy rain (11−16 Jul 2009) | 13 | 6 | 5.62 (12.08) | 46.55 (25.72) | 4.40 (1.12) | 5.55 (1.72) |
All typhoons | — | — | 6.62 (14.75) | 57.86 (62.02) | 4.78 (1.33) | 7.78 (3.56) |
All heavy rain | — | — | 6.09 (13.03) | 33.10 (32.77) | 4.29 (1.18) | 4.85 (1.51) |
Category | 1970s(1973−1980; a) | 2000s(2001−2008; b) | (b)–(a) |
---|---|---|---|
Average temperature in summer (°C) | 23.4 | 23.6 | 0.2 |
Average temperature in winter (°C) | −0.1 | 1.1 | 1.2 |
Annual relative humidity (%) | 72.3 | 67.0 | −5.3 |
Annual precipitation (mm) | 1255.0 | 1414.1 | 159.1 |
Disaster type (period) | No. of areas | Duration (d) | Rainfall (mm) | Wind speed (m/s) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yearly average | Disaster period | Yearly average | Disaster period | |||
Typhoon (12−13 Sep 2003) | 14 | 2 | 5.27 (12.08) | 56.45 (65.29) | 4.34 (1.12) | 10.67 (3.46) |
Typhoon and heavy rain (9−29 Jul 2006) | 7 | 21 | 5.57 (11.91) | 28.04 (25.38) | 4.31 (1.19) | 3.96 (1.46) |
Typhoon and heavy rain (13−16 Sep 2007) | 1 | 4 | 9.04 (20.25) | 89.08 (95.38) | 5.70 (1.67) | 8.73 (5.75) |
Heavy rain (22−24 Oct 2006) | 1 | 3 | 7.97 (19.10) | 38.93 (47.78) | 4.37 (1.19) | 6.53 (2.99) |
Heavy rain (4−15 Aug 2007) | 2 | 12 | 5.87 (10.25) | 19.40 (18.83) | 4.28 (1.21) | 4.25 (0.96) |
Heavy rain (23−26 Jul 2008) | 1 | 4 | 4.92 (10.67) | 27.51 (38.74) | 4.10 (1.18) | 3.07 (0.38) |
Heavy rain (11−16 Jul 2009) | 13 | 6 | 5.62 (12.08) | 46.55 (25.72) | 4.40 (1.12) | 5.55 (1.72) |
All typhoons | — | — | 6.62 (14.75) | 57.86 (62.02) | 4.78 (1.33) | 7.78 (3.56) |
All heavy rain | — | — | 6.09 (13.03) | 33.10 (32.77) | 4.29 (1.18) | 4.85 (1.51) |
Disaster type (period) | Age (y) | Asthma | Allergic rhinitis | Atopic dermatitis | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lag d | RR (95% CI) | Lag d | RR (95% CI) | Lag d | RR (95% CI) | ||
Typhoon (12−13 Sep 2003) | All | 6 | 13.491 (13.212−13.770) | 6 | 9.989 (9.772−10.206) | 6 | 22.367 (22.490−22.244) |
≤15 | 6.500 (6.149−6.851) | 8.129 (7.756−8.502) | 21.340 (21.194−21.487) | ||||
Typhoon and heavy rain (9−29 Jul 2006) | All | 7 | 0.786 (0.767−0.825) | 7 | 1.010 (0.965−1.054) | 5 | 1.104 (1.092−1.117) |
≤15 | 0.827 (0.761−0.893) | 1.144 (1.070−1.219) | 1.146 (1.131−1.161) | ||||
Typhoon and heavy rain (13−16 Sep 2007) | All | 0 | 1.276 (1.021−1.532) | 7 | 1.103 (0.909−1.296) | 7 | 1.488 (1.393−1.583) |
≤15 | 1.941 (1.356−2.526) | 1.200 (0.715−1.685) | 1.624 (1.503−1.745) | ||||
Heavy rain (22−24 Oct 2006) | All | 6 | 1.310 (0.827−1.794) | 7 | 1.381 (1.120−1.643) | 6 | 1.355 (1.173−1.536) |
≤15 | 1.500 (0.824−2.176) | 1.300 (0.888−1.712) | 1.638 (1.417−1.859) | ||||
Heavy rain (4−15 Aug 2007) | All | 1 | 1.274 (1.031−1.516) | 4 | 1.410 (1.128−1.691) | 7 | 1.060 (0.998−1.123) |
≤15 | 1.182 (0.718−1.645) | 1.353 (0.910−1.796) | 1.066 (0.989−1.143) | ||||
Heavy rain (23−26 Jul 2008) | All | 7 | 1.292 (1.015−1.569) | 6 | 1.247 (0.975−1.520) | 6 | 1.085 (1.000−1.169) |
≤15 | 1.051 (0.914−1.901) | 1.162 (0.723−1.602) | 1.102 (0.992−1.211) | ||||
Heavy rain (11−16 Jul 2009) | All | 5 | 0.961 (0.889−1.032) | 7 | 1.050 (0.990−1.110) | 7 | 1.149 (1.126−1.172) |
≤15 | 1.071 (0.945−1.197) | 1.005 (0.905−1.106) | 1.191 (1.161−1.221) | ||||
All typhoons | All | 6 | 0.900 (0.862−0.937) | 6 | 1.191 (1.150−1.232) | 5 | 1.229 (1.217−1.241) |
≤15 | 0.905 (0.842−0.969) | 1.278 (1.206−1.348) | 1.267 (1.252−1.281) | ||||
All heavy rain | All | 5 | 0.968 (0.902−1.035) | 7 | 1.075 (1.018−1.132) | 7 | 1.134 (1.113−1.155) |
≤15 | 1.085 (0.968−1.202) | 5 | 1.068 (0.971−1.164) | 1.173 (1.147−1.201) |
Note: From Korea Climate Change Valuation Report 2011 by S.J. Lee, 2010, Seoul: Ministry of Environment, p. 33.
Cities defined by the government as disaster area. Mean (standard deviation) of daily average rainfall. Mean (standard deviation) of daily maximum wind speed. Day/month/year.
CI = confidence interval; RR = Rate ratio.