<sec>
<title>Objectives</title>
<p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors involved in the success of smoking cessation in heavy smokers enrolled in an intensive care smoking cessation camp program.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Methods</title>
<p>Heavy smokers enrolled in the program were classified into a success (<italic>n</italic> = 69) or failure (<italic>n</italic> = 29) group, according to whether they maintained smoking cessation for 6 months after the end of the program. Demographics, smoking behaviors, and smoking cessation-related characteristics were analyzed.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Results</title>
<p>Statistically significantly more participants in the success group had a spouse (98.6%; <italic>p</italic> = 0.008) compared with participants in the failure group (82.8%). However, multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that having a spouse was not an independent factor in smoking cessation (<italic>p</italic> = 0.349). A significant difference in the frequency of counseling between the success and failure groups was observed (<italic>p</italic> = 0.001), with 72.5% of those who received counseling on 3–5 occasions for 6 months after the end of program successfully quit smoking, indicating that those who received more counseling had a higher likelihood of smoking cessation success. This was confirmed as an independent factor by multivariate logistic regression (<italic>p</italic> < 0.005). Furthermore, a graduate school level of education or higher, indicated a statistically greater success rate compared to those that were less well educated (<italic>p</italic> = 0.043). This was also observed as a significant independent factor using multivariate logistic regression (<italic>p</italic> = 0.046).</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Conclusion</title>
<p>Education level, marital status, and the number of counseling sessions were significant factors contributing to smoking cessation success.</p></sec>
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Values and preferences of patients with severe mental illness regarding smoking cessation interventions: a systematic review with best-fit framework synthesis Kristien Coteur, Laura Tops, Geertruida E Bekkering, Louise de Almeida Ferreira Fonseca, Floor van den Brand, Hanne Cloetens, Linan Zeng, Bert Aertgeerts, Nicolas Delvaux, Arnav Agarwal, Thomas Agoritsas, Mieke Vermandere BMJ Open.2026; 16(6): e109865. CrossRef
Decision-tree analysis of characteristics associated with 6-month smoking abstinence in Taiwan Jia-Ling Wu, Chung-Yi Li, Shang-Chi Lee, Chin-Wei Kuo, Chuan-Yu Chen, Ching-Lan Lin, Ya-Hui Chang, Shu-Ying Lo, Santi Martini, Arief Hargono, Yen-Hsun Chen, Shih-Yu Ko BMJ Open.2026; 16(10): e112023. CrossRef
Behavior Changes for Smokers and Betel Quid Chewers Participating in the Organized Oral Mucosal Screening Between 2010 and 2021 in Taiwan Pattaranan Munpolsri, Chiu-Wen Su, Sam Li-Sheng Chen, Amy Ming-Fang Yen Cancers.2025; 17(3): 397. CrossRef
Changes in risk habits and influencing factors in the Taiwan oral cancer screening program Pattaranan Munpolsri, Chiu-Wen Su, Hsu-Fei Yang, Tsui-Hsia Hsu, Yen-Yu Chou, Li-Ju Lin, Chao-Chun Wu, Sam Li-Sheng Chen, Amy Ming-Fang Yen, Chung-Ta Chang PLOS One.2025; 20(6): e0320461. CrossRef
Comparison of Quit Rates and Predictors in Korean Inpatient and Residential Smoking Cessation Programs: A Secondary Data Analysis of Data from the National Smoking Cessation Services Youngmee Ahn, Soyoung Jung, Hunjae Lee, Jung-Ae Cho, Min Sohn Research in Community and Public Health Nursing.2025; 36: 210. CrossRef
COVID-19 pandemic and motivation to smoking cessation Ferit Kaya, Hülya Doğan Tiryaki, Engin Burak Selçuk, Eda Fulden Tutar Çölgeçen Journal of Medical Topics and Updates.2024; 3(1): 14. CrossRef
Factors associated with quitting smoking among males: Findings from Indonesian national health survey Diyan Ermawan Effendi, Irfan Ardani, Sri Handayani, Rozana Ika Agustiya, Arief Priyo Nugroho, Oktriyanto Oktriyanto, Astridya Paramita, Deasy Febriyanty, Risqa Novita, Aris Yulianto Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health.2024; 28: 101672. CrossRef
Evaluation of Smoking Cessation Intervention Effectiveness in Smoking Cessation Clinics — China, 2019–2021 Li Xie, Yongfu Yan, Yan Yang, Yi Nan, Lin Xiao China CDC Weekly.2023; 5(21): 469. CrossRef
Factors Associated with Smokers Attending More Than One Smoking Cessation Clinic Visit Oh Beom Kwon, Chihoon Jung, Auk Kim, Gihwan Byeon, Seung-Joon Lee, Woo Jin Kim Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(23): 7222. CrossRef
Effects of a supportive workplace environment on the success rate for smoking cessation camp Woojin Kim, A Ram Kim, Minsu Ock, Young-Jee Jeon, Heun Lee, Daehwan Kim, Minjun Kim, Cheolin Yoo Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Sigara bırakma polikliniğine başvuran bireylerde tedavi başarısını etkileyen faktörler Derya Kocakaya, Hatice Şenol, Sezer Aslan, Ahmed Mahmud Çırakoğlu, Merve Nur Çakır Fidan, Hatice Telci, Mehmet Zahid Çetinkaya, Şehnaz Olgun Yıldızeli , Ayşe Nilüfer Özaydın, Berrin Ceyhan Journal of Dependence.2022; 23(1): 69. CrossRef
Smoking cessation rates in elderly and nonelderly smokers after participating in an intensive care smoking cessation camp Jae-Kyeong Lee, Yu-Il Kim, Sun-Seog Kweon, In-Jae Oh, Yong-Soo Kwon, Hong-Joon Shin, Yu-Ri Choe, Ha-Young Park, Young-Ok Na, Hwa-Kyung Park Medicine.2022; 101(30): e29886. CrossRef
Patterns and predictors of smoking relapse among inpatient smoking intervention participants: a 1-year follow-up study in Korea Seung Eun Lee, Chul-Woung Kim, Hyo-Bin Im, Myungwha Jang Epidemiology and Health.2021; 43: e2021043. CrossRef
Factors affecting smoking initiation and cessation among
adult smokers in Fiji: A qualitative study Masoud Mohammadnezhad, Mondha Kengganpanich Tobacco Induced Diseases.2021; 19(December): 1. CrossRef
“STOP the PUFF! Tayo’y mag bagong BAGA, SIGARILYO ay ITIGIL”: A Pilot Community-based Tobacco Intervention Project in an Urban Settlement Irene Salve D Joson-Vergara, Julie T Li-Yu Journal of Medicine, University of Santo Tomas.2021; 5(1): 586. CrossRef
Smoking cessation correlates with a decrease in infection rates following total joint arthroplasty Christina Herrero, Alex Tang, Amy Wasterlain, Scott Sherman, Joseph Bosco, Claudette Lajam, Ran Schwarzkopf, James Slover Journal of Orthopaedics.2020; 21: 390. CrossRef
Objectives
Vitamin D, a key regulator of bone metabolism, has been recently been linked with energy homeostasis and metabolic disorders in western countries. However, few studies have focused on the association of vitamin D with metabolic risk factors among Asian children. We studied the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and the association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] with metabolic risk factors in Korean schoolgirls. Methods
The sample consisted of 320 13-year-old girls recruited from two middle schools in the city of Gwacheon, Korea (latitude 37°N), in July 2011. Anthropometric and blood biochemistry data were obtained for this cross-sectional observational study. We also obtained lifestyle data from questionnaires and dietary data from 3-day food diaries. Results
Vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL] was noted in 63.8% of participants. The mean 25(OH)D level was not significantly lower in the overweight group. Level of physical activity and vitamin D intake did not significantly affect 25(OH)D. However, 25(OH)D levels were positively correlated with milk intake and negatively correlated with soft drink intake. Serum 25(OH)D had a negative relationship with fasting glucose and insulin resistance index (homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance; HOMA-IR) after adjustment for physical activity and body mass index z score (<i>r</i> = −0.144, <i>p</i> = 0.015), and with metabolic risk score similarly (<i>r</i> = −0.141, <i>p</i> = 0.012). Levels of insulin, HOMA-IR, and systolic blood pressure were higher in girls with deficient 25(OH)D levels than in those with sufficient levels. Conclusion
We found that low 25(OH)D levels were associated with higher blood glucose and insulin resistance. Korean girls with low 25(OH)D levels could be at increased risk for metabolic disorders.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Factors affecting biochemical indicators of blood among obese children – an integrative literature review Monika Gesek, Danuta Zarzycka, Agata Miłosz, Justyna Elwira Michalczyk Pielegniarstwo XXI wieku / Nursing in the 21st Cen.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in relation to hypertension in children and adolescents: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies with GRADE assessment Elahe Mokhtari, Zahra Moradmand, Parisa Rouhani, Parvane Saneei Journal of Translational Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Exploring the Interplay Between Vitamin D and Metabolic Parameters in Pediatric Obesity: Toward Early Biomarker Detection Valeria Calcaterra, Lucia Labati, Valentina Fabiano, Carla Colombo, Martina Loiodice, Daniele Ceruti, Gianvincenzo Zuccotti, Eric Gumpricht Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The Relationship Between Vitamin D Serum Levels and Metabolic Syndrome in Patients Referred to Central Laboratory of ACECR in Mashhad, Iran Azam Shafaei, Zahra Saghiri, Mohammad Pahlavan Noghabi, Jalal Ghorbani, Arezoo Oroji, Fatemeh Sadabadi, Ahmad Vahedi, Maryam Shahi, Mahboobeh Talebi Mehrdar, Malihe Moammeri Salahshooh Jentashapir Journal of Cellular and Molecular Biol.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Vitamin D status and blood pressure in children and adolescents: a systematic review of observational studies Myriam Abboud, Fatme Al Anouti, Dimitrios Papandreou, Rana Rizk, Nadine Mahboub, Suzan Haidar Systematic Reviews.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Relationship Between Vitamin D Status and the Relevant Parameters of Glucose in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Thanh Tung Tran Huu, Huu Dang Tran, Thua Nguyen Tran, Bui Bao Hoang Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets .2021; Volume 14: 2489. CrossRef
Different Cabergoline Effect on Metabolic and Anthropometric Parameters in Female Prolactinoma Patients Versus Idiopathic Hyperprolactinemia Patients Mohamed M. Aboelnaga, Eman H. Eladawy, Maha M. Elshafei, Nahed Abdullah, Moustafa El. Shaer Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Tar.2019; 19(4): 511. CrossRef
Seasonality of tuberculosis in the Republic of Korea, 2006-2016 Eun Hee Kim, Jong-Myon Bae Epidemiology and Health.2018; 40: e2018051. CrossRef
Current Evidence on Vitamin D Deficiency and Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Children: What Does the Evidence from Saudi Arabia Tell Us? Asma Alaklabi, Naser Alsharairi Children.2018; 5(1): 11. CrossRef
The association between gender difference with metabolic syndrome, metabolic syndrome score and serum vitamin D levels in Korean adults Hyun Yoon, Dae Keun Jeong, Chang Eun Park, Hye Jong Oh, Sung Gil Kim International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutriti.2017; 68(1): 121. CrossRef
Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D associated with indicators of body fat and insulin resistance in prepubertal chilean children G Cediel, C Corvalán, C Aguirre, D L de Romaña, R Uauy International Journal of Obesity.2016; 40(1): 147. CrossRef
The relationship between metabolic syndrome and increase of metabolic syndrome score and serum vitamin D levels in Korean adults: 2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Hyun Yoon, Gwang Seok Kim, Sung Gil Kim, Ae Eun Moon Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition.2015; 57(1): 82. CrossRef
Vitamin D Deficiency and Cardiometabolic Risks: A Juxtaposition of Arab Adolescents and Adults Nasser M. Al-Daghri, Yousef Al-Saleh, Naji Aljohani, Majed Alokail, Omar Al-Attas, Abdullah M. Alnaami, Shaun Sabico, Maha Alsulaimani, Mohammed Al-Harbi, Hanan Alfawaz, George P. Chrousos, Joseph Devaney PLOS ONE.2015; 10(7): e0131315. CrossRef
Association of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D with Life Style and Dietary Factors in Egyptian Prepubescent Children Mones M. Abu Shady, Mai M. Youssef, Manal A. Shehata, Ebtissam M. Salah El-Din, Heba A. ElMalt Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences.2015; 3(1): 80. CrossRef
The Study of Serum Vitamin D and Insulin Resistance in Chinese Populations with Normal Glucose Tolerance Lin Ding, Congcong Wang, Heliang Ma, Yuling Tian, Yong Lu, Shuguang Pang International Journal of Endocrinology.2014; 2014: 1. CrossRef
Does Sufficient Evidence Exist to Support a Causal Association between Vitamin D Status and Cardiovascular Disease Risk? An Assessment Using Hill’s Criteria for Causality Patricia Weyland, William Grant, Jill Howie-Esquivel Nutrients.2014; 6(9): 3403. CrossRef
Vitamin D insufficiency and insulin resistance in obese adolescents Catherine A. Peterson, Aneesh K. Tosh, Anthony M. Belenchia Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metaboli.2014; 5(6): 166. CrossRef
Vitamin D Status among Thai School Children and the Association with 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D and Parathyroid Hormone Levels Lisa A. Houghton, Andrew R. Gray, Michelle J. Harper, Pattanee Winichagoon, Tippawan Pongcharoen, Sueppong Gowachirapant, Rosalind S. Gibson, Dominique Heymann PLoS ONE.2014; 9(8): e104825. CrossRef
First
Prev
