Parasitic infections are the most common diseases worldwide, and enterobiasis is a common parasitic infection in children. Various studies have reported on the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis in different regions of the world. However, no study has gathered and analyzed this data systematically. Our systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the overall prevalence of E. vermicularis among children globally. Data were extracted from 4 available databases for studies published from January 2002 to April 2022. The quality of the included studies was scored based on the standard Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology. A random-effect model was chosen to calculate the pooled prevalence and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) according to the degree of heterogeneity in the included studies. Thus, 40 publications (42 data sets) that included 3,279 children with enterobiasis met all criteria and were included in the analysis. The meta-analysis showed that heterogeneity among the included studies was high (Q=4,399.35, I2=99.96%; df=41; p<0.001). The pooled global prevalence of enterobiasis among the studied children was 12.9% (95% CI, 8.2%–17.7%). Our systematic review and meta-analysis estimated that, for the past 20 years, 12.9% of children around the world have been infected with E. vermicularis.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Review Article: The multifaceted role of nematodes in advancing the One Health approach Federica Semprucci, Fehmi Boufahja, Eleonora Grassi, Mohammed Al‐Zharani Annals of Applied Biology.2026; 188(1): 34. CrossRef
"Diagnostic challenges, atypical presentations, and therapeutic implications in ectopic Enterobius vermicularis infections: a global systematic review." Sadaf Roodbarani, Reza Ghasemikhah Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease.2026; 114(2): 117136. CrossRef
A Small‐Scale Survey of Pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis) Among Health Science Students in Lalitpur, Nepal Roshan Babu Adhikari, Diksha Ghimire, Hannah Wesley Advances in Public Health.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
A Retrospective Study of the Use of Biochemical Markers to Predict Enterobius vermicularis Infection in Paediatric Patients at the Time of Appendicectomy Harrison H Gregory, Baillie W Ferris, Michael C Auld Cureus.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Pinworm in the Appendix: An Unusual Cause of Appendiceal Inflammation; A Case Report Mohammad Nabeel Aamir Syed, Muhammad Taha Arshad Sheikh, Fabeha Hilal Makhdoomi SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Enterobius vermicularis in Paediatric Appendicectomy Patients in Far North Queensland, Australia: A Retrospective Study Sophia Chan, Elena Pilat, Juyong Cheong, Christian Beardsley Cureus.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Genotypic Analysis of Enterobius vermicularis (Rhabditida: Oxyuridae, Linnaeus, 1758) Among Infected Individuals in Bulgaria: A First Phylogenetic Study Eleonora Kaneva, Reneta Dimitrova, Nina Tsvetkova, Rumen Harizanov, Desislava Velcheva, Aleksandra Ivanova, Mihaela Videnova, Raina Borisova, Maria Pavlova, Diana Jordanova, Ivailo Alexiev International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2026; 27(4): 2020. CrossRef
The Impact of Antiparasitic Therapy on the Dynamics of Inflammatory Periodontal Diseases in Patients with Chronic Intestinal Parasitoses Djeyna Magomed-Emievna Amirkhodzhieva, Aminat Isaevna Mustaeva, Aminat Abdulgamidovna Aliyeva, Luiza Gasanovna Ramazanova, Anzhela Aubovna Omarova, Zarema Myammaevna Akarazueva, Linda Rashidovna Yusupova, Maryam Ilyasovna Kodzoeva International Journal of Medical Parasitology and .2026; 7(1): 11. CrossRef
Helminths as architects of trained tolerance: implications for human health Quinn Moroz, Jorge Lucas Nascimento Souza, Neima Briggs Clinical & Translational Immunology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Burden and diagnostic capacity of intestinal parasitic infections in Argentina: Analysis of national surveillance and laboratory data Silvana Carnevale, María Fernanda Degese, María Fernanda Martin Aragón, Daniela Elena Guma, Bibiana Alba Ledesma, Carlos Giovacchini Revista Argentina de Microbiología.2026; 58(3): 100718. CrossRef
Enterobius vermicularis as a cause of acute appendicitis: a case report Francesca Carraturo, Roberta Colicchio, Claudia Di Mento, Leonardo Continisio, Annalisa Chiodi, Maria Escolino, Maria D’Armiento, Ciro Esposito, Paola Salvatore, Mariateresa Vitiello Frontiers in Medicine.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis) in children and adults: a practice-oriented narrative review and household–school algorithm Osama Albasheer, Gassem Gohal, Ali Al-Makramani, Mai Mustafa, Amani Abdelmola, Suhaila Ali, Fatma Ayish, Afnan Madkhali, Afaf Hakami, Hatim Alessa, Mohammed Muqri, Tahani Madkhali, Doaa Ayish, Ai Yahya Maashi, Elham Shabanh Frontiers in Public Health.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections Among Students Attending Schools in La'elay Maichew District, Tigray Region, Ethiopia Teklay Abrha Yanshet, Gebremedhin Gebrezgabiher, Melese Birmeka Health Science Reports.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Anthelmintic medication with focus on first-trimester exposure: an evaluation of pregnancy outcomes based on the Embryotox cohort Laura Heineke, Evelin Beck, Reinhold Kreutz, Katarina Dathe Scientific Reports.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Regional genetic diversity and COI haplotype characterization of human-derived Enterobius vermicularis ısolates Hilal Bedir, Nurullah Çiftçi, Murat Öztürk, Ayşegül Önk, Masma Shahbazova, İlkay Bahçeci, Emine Baran Deniz, Neriman Mor, Mehmet Ezer, Uğur Arslan, Salih Maçin, Fatih Şaban Beriş, Muhammet Mustafa Akıner, Hülya Çakmur, Mükremin Özkan Arslan Molecular Biology Reports.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Incidence of Enterobiasis in the Child Population of the Russian Federation in 2010–2024 Aleksandr N. Letyushev, Tatyana F. Stepanova, Anna P. Rebeshchenko, Kseniya B. Stepanova ЗДОРОВЬЕ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ И СРЕДА ОБИТАНИЯ - ЗНиСО / PUBL.2026; : 27. CrossRef
COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PARASITOSES AMONG THE POPULATION OF BULGARIA Zornitsa Traykova, Rumen Harizanov PROBLEMS of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases.2026; 54(2): 38. CrossRef
Hemorragia ileocecal masiva asociada a Enterobius vermicularis con compromiso hemodinámico: reporte de un caso Miguel Soria-Alcívar, María Andrea Betancourt Ruiz, Julio Cevallos Quiroz Gaceta Médica de la Junta de Beneficencia de Guaya.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Modelling international travel as risk of acquiring Dientamoeba fragilis: Comparison to Giardia duodenalis data Jukka-Pekka Pietilä, Tuuve A Häkkinen, Jukka Ollgren, Anu Kantele Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease.2025; 65: 102836. CrossRef
A Case of Appendiceal Pinworms in an Adolescent Patient Zachary S Kauffman, David L Stuart Cureus.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Epidemiological and molecular characterization of Enterobius vermicularis cases in Mersin, Turkey: An analysis based on mitochondrial DNA cox1 gene sequences Harun Gülbudak, Seda Tezcan Ülger, Taylan Bozok, Gönül Aslan One Health.2025; 20: 101079. CrossRef
Enterobius vermicularis: Coming Soon to an Appendix Near You? Adam Heininger, John C Densmore Cureus.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
SURVEILLANCE OF PARASITIC DISEASES IN BULGARIA Rumen Harizanov, Violeta Yakimova, Mihaela Videnova, Ognyan Mikov, Aleksandra Ivanova, Eleonora Kaneva, Raina Borisova, Nina Tsvetkova, Iskra Rainova, Zornitca Traykova PROBLEMS of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases.2025; 52(3): 38. CrossRef
Evaluating the sensitivity and specificity of symptom-based screening for soil-transmitted helminth infections in children in coastal areas of Indonesia Irma Irma, Asnia Zainuddin, Marni Syahrani Ado, Swaidatul Masluhiya AF Healthcare in Low-resource Settings.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence and Epidemiological Patterns of Enterobius vermicularis Infection in Thailand: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Jurairat Jongthawin, Aongart Mahittikorn, Apiporn Thinkhamrop Suwannatrai, Chutima Rattanawan, Kinley Wangdi, Frederick Ramirez Masangkay, Manas Kotepui Medical Sciences.2025; 13(4): 207. CrossRef
Enhanced object detection of Enterobius vermicularis eggs using cumulative transfer learning algorithm Pongphan Pongpanitanont, Naparat Suttidate, Hiroshi Yamasaki, Wanchai Maleewong, Penchom Janwan PeerJ Computer Science.2025; 11: e3213. CrossRef
Improving Adherence to World Health Organization Guidelines for Pinworm Treatment in Two Primary Healthcare Centers in Misan Province: A Clinical Audit Ahmed Al-Dawoodi, Abbas Al-Elayawi, Samah Hameed Cureus.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Unmasking the role of constipation in treatment-refractory enterobiasis in Bangladeshi children Md. Benzamin, Md Ziaur Rahman Chowdhury, Pranto Chakroborty, Akhlaq Ahmed, Md. Moulud Hussen, Rajib Kanti Dey, ASM Bazlul Karim BMC Gastroenterology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Beyond Bacterial Causes: A Case of Recurrent Urinary and Vulvovaginal Symptoms Due to Enterobius vermicularis—Case Report Momin Khan, Safeena Khan, Muhammad Haris Khan, Umar Tariq, Wajeeh Ur Rehman, Dawei Cui Case Reports in Infectious Diseases.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Understanding the trends, clustering, and risk factors of pinworm infection in preschool settings: A repeated cross-sectional multi-center study between 2019 and 2024 Fanzhen Mao, Xuecheng Li, Sheng Ye, Feng Tang, Bixian Ni, Qiang Zhang, Jiayao Zhang, Yaobao Liu, You Li, Jun Cao, María Victoria Periago PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2025; 19(12): e0013800. CrossRef
Development of a Machine Learning Model for the Classification of Enterobius vermicularis Egg Natthanai Chaibutr, Pongphan Pongpanitanont, Sakhone Laymanivong, Tongjit Thanchomnang, Penchom Janwan Journal of Imaging.2024; 10(9): 212. CrossRef
Global burden of soil-transmitted helminth infections, 1990–2021 Jin Chen, Yanfeng Gong, Qin Chen, Shizhu Li, Yibiao Zhou Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Studies on the significance of secretory IgA antibodies in the pathogenesis and clinical course of enterobiasis in infected persons from Bulgaria: preliminary findings E. Kaneva, R. Harizanov, D. Velcheva, N. Tsvetkova, M. Pavlova, I. Alexiev, R. Dimitrova, M. Videnova, R. Borisova, A. Ivanova Helminthologia.2024; 61(4): 277. CrossRef
First
Prev
