| Somayeh Handali | 2 Articles |
Objectives
The aim of this study was to design and evaluate a chitosan-based film that has properties required for successful wound dressing, and can control drug penetration and maintenance time in the location. Methods Several formulations of a film containing chitosan (3%) and different concentrations of Eudragit RL (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) were prepared using the casting/solvent evaporating technique. Mechanical properties, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), oxygen permeability, water uptake, and nitrofurazone permeability through the films were investigated. Results The study results showed that by increasing the Eudragit RL content of composite films, their thickness and tensile strength were enhanced, while their elongation was decreased. No significant difference was observed between the oxygen permeability, WVTR, and water uptake results of pure chitosan films and different composite films containing Eudragit RL. Nitrofurazone permeability of chitosan films was increased by the inclusion of Eudragit RL in composite films, while by increasing the concentration of Eudragit RL, the permeation rate of drug was decreased. Conclusion In conclusion, addition of Eudragit RL can improve mechanical properties of chitosan films without any undesirable effect on their water uptake, oxygen permeability, and WVTR qualities. The permeation rate of drugs through the composite films can be modified by changing Eudragit RL/chitosan ratio. Citations
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Objectives
The resistance of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> to the recently available antibiotic treatment has been a growing problem. The aim of the study was to determine the quinolone-resistant strains and detect the presence of mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of the <i>gyrA</i>, <i>parE</i>, and <i>parC</i> genes. Methods In this study, for the first time in Iran, the polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used to investigate the presence of mutations at quinolone resistance-determining regions of topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase on 82 <i>S. pneumoniae</i> strains, among them 45 clinical samples were from patients and 37 from healthy carriers (control group). Results In clinical samples, 34 (75.56%) strains contained mutations in the <i>parC</i> gene, 31 (68.89%) carried mutations in the <i>gyrA</i> gene, and 14 (31.11%) had <i>parE</i> gene mutations. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using the CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute) criteria on three different generations of quinolone family, with nalidixic acid (82.22%) showing the highest resistance and levofloxacin (42.22%) the least resistance. Conclusion Results indicated that there is a significant correlation between quinolone resistance development and mutations in the <i>parE</i> gene as well as in the <i>parC</i> and <i>gyrA</i> genes. Citations
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