Table 1The general characteristics of the subjects.
|
Experimental group (n = 9) |
Control group (n = 9) |
p
|
Age, y (SD) |
70.81 (8.75) |
63.36 (11.67) |
0.507 |
|
Gender |
Male |
5 (55.6) |
5 (55.6) |
1.000 |
Female |
4 (44.4) |
4 (44.4) |
|
Side of lesion |
Right side |
3 (33.3) |
7 (77.8) |
0.058 |
Left side |
6 (66.7) |
2 (22.2) |
|
Dominant hand |
Right side |
9 (100) |
9 (100) |
1.000 |
|
Lesion location |
Supratentorial |
8 (88.9) |
7 (77.8) |
0.539 |
Infratentorial |
1 (11.1) |
2 (22.2) |
|
Level of education |
Elementary school |
3 (33.3) |
2 (22.2) |
1.000 |
Middle school |
2 (22.2) |
3 (33.3) |
High school |
2 (22.2) |
3 (33.3) |
University |
2 (22.2) |
1 (11.1) |
|
Time from onset to initial assessment (days) |
18.00 (4.71) |
20.66 (5.22) |
0.215 |
|
MMSE (SD) |
26.55 (2.24) |
25.33 (1.93) |
0.185 |
|
Years of clinical experience of occupational therapists (SD) |
3.67 (1.5) |
3.89 (1.76) |
0.810 |
|
Number of OT Sessions |
22.56±0.88 |
22.67±1.00 |
0.816 |
Table 2Comparison of upper extremity functions (FMA, MAL) for two groups.
|
Experimental group (n = 9) |
Control group (n = 9) |
Experimental vs control change score |
p
|
|
Pre |
Post |
Pre |
Post |
Experimental change score |
Control change score |
p1 |
p2 |
p3 |
p4 |
FMA Total |
28.44±8.99 |
49.78±4.02 |
24.89±9.12 |
44.11±16.25 |
21.33±8.54 |
19.22±9.90 |
0.479 |
0.008‡
|
0.008‡
|
0.691 |
|
FMA subtest |
Shoulder/Elbow/Forearm |
15.89±6.49 |
26.11±2.15 |
14.89±5.84 |
22.89±3.95 |
10.22±6.91 |
8.00±5.87 |
0.929 |
0.011†
|
0.008‡
|
0.595 |
Wrist |
4.67±0.71 |
7.78±1.39 |
3.67±2.18 |
7.33±1.58 |
3.11±1.36 |
3.67±1.58 |
0.305 |
0.010†
|
0.007‡
|
0.818 |
Hand |
5.00±2.78 |
9.78±1.20 |
3.78±2.22 |
8.22±0.67 |
4.78±2.44 |
4.44±1.94 |
0.306 |
0.008‡
|
0.008‡
|
0.721 |
Coordination & speed |
1.89±0.93 |
4.33±1.12 |
1.56±.73 |
4.33±1.00 |
2.44±1.24 |
2.78±0.83 |
0.313 |
0.007‡
|
0.006‡
|
0.295 |
|
MAL(AOU) |
0.78±0.40 |
2.91±0.57 |
0.80±0.35 |
2.44±0.41 |
2.13±0.54 |
1.63±0.52 |
1.000 |
0.008‡
|
0.008‡
|
0.047†
|
|
MAL(QOM) |
0.96±0.38 |
2.80±0.47 |
0.93±0.41 |
2.40±0.42 |
1.84±0.58 |
1.47±0.61 |
0.930 |
0.008‡
|
0.008‡
|
0.402 |
Table 3Comparison of stroke impact scale for two groups.
|
Experimental group (n =9) |
Control group (n =9) |
Experimental vs control change score |
p
|
|
Pre |
Post |
Pre |
Post |
Experimental |
Control |
p1 |
p2 |
p3 |
p4 |
SIS subtest |
SIS Total |
18.67±3.08 |
33.56±3.81 |
16.78±2.91 |
30.56±2.96 |
14.89±3.82 |
14.00±3.12 |
0.422 |
0.008‡
|
0.008‡
|
0.657 |
Strength |
Arm strength of affected side |
1.78±0.44 |
3.11±0.33 |
2.11±0.33 |
2.78±0.44 |
1.33±0.50 |
0.67±0.50 |
0.089 |
0.006‡
|
0.014†
|
0.017†
|
Hand grip of affected side |
1.44±0.53 |
3.11±0.33 |
1.78±0.44 |
2.67±0.50 |
1.67±0.50 |
0.89±0.33 |
0.159 |
0.006‡
|
0.005‡
|
0.003‡
|
|
ADL |
Using a spoon & chopsticks |
4.11±1.27 |
4.33±0.87 |
2.00±1.22 |
3.11±0.78 |
0.22±0.44 |
1.11±0.60 |
0.007‡
|
0.157 |
0.008‡
|
0.005‡
|
Dress up Top |
2.11±0.60 |
3.67±0.71 |
2.22±0.44 |
3.33±0.50 |
1.56±0.73 |
1.11±0.60 |
0.693 |
0.006‡
|
0.008‡
|
0.203 |
Washing |
2.00±0.71 |
3.11±0.60 |
1.89±0.60 |
3.22±0.44 |
1.11±0.60 |
1.33±0.50 |
0.723 |
0.008‡
|
0.006‡
|
0.423 |
Toenail clip |
1.33±0.50 |
3.00±0.71 |
1.44±0.73 |
3.22±0.67 |
1.67±0.71 |
1.78±0.97 |
0.873 |
0.007‡
|
0.011†
|
0.671 |
|
Hand Function |
Doorknob turn |
2.00±0.71 |
3.89±0.78 |
1.56±0.73 |
3.11±0.33 |
1.89±0.93 |
1.56±0.88 |
0.180 |
0.007‡
|
0.010†
|
0.514 |
Can or jar open |
1.67±0.71 |
3.44±0.73 |
1.33±0.50 |
3.11±0.33 |
1.78±0.83 |
1.78±0.67 |
0.291 |
0.007‡
|
0.006‡
|
0.924 |
Shoe lace |
1.11±0.33 |
2.78±0.44 |
1.22±0.44 |
2.44±0.53 |
1.67±0.50 |
1.22±0.83 |
0.539 |
0.006‡
|
0.015†
|
0.234 |
Coin grip |
1.33±0.50 |
3.11±0.78 |
1.22±0.44 |
2.56±0.53 |
1.78±0.83 |
1.33±0.50 |
0.609 |
0.007‡
|
0.006‡
|
0.234 |
Recovery |
16.67±5.00 |
65.56±8.82 |
16.67±7.07 |
57.78±6.67 |
48.89±10.54 |
41.11±7.82 |
0.880 |
0.007‡
|
0.007‡
|
0.097 |