Table 1Demographic characteristics and comparison of mean scores of sleep quality, internet addiction and depressive symptoms.
Characteristics |
n (%) |
PSQI score |
YIAT score |
Anxiety score |
DASS-21 stress score |
Depression score |
|
|
|
|
|
Mean (± SD) |
p *
|
Mean (± SD) |
p *
|
Mean (± SD) |
p *
|
Mean (± SD) |
p *
|
Mean (± SD) |
p *
|
Age (y) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
17–20 |
127 (57.5) |
5.87 (2.52) |
0.900 |
43.96 (16.06) |
0.961 |
5.81 (4.60) |
0.057 |
7.03 (4.66) |
0.002 |
6.44 (5.50) |
0.395 |
21–24 |
94 (42.5) |
5.91 (3.27) |
44.06 (14.40) |
4.61 (4.62) |
|
5.08 (4.48) |
|
5.75 (6.56) |
|
|
Gender |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Male |
51 (23.1) |
5.76 (2.64) |
0.728 |
42.86 (13.27) |
0.546 |
5.96 (4.84) |
0.253 |
5.67 (3.97) |
0.351 |
6.63 (6.63) |
0.520 |
Female |
170 (76.9) |
5.92 (2.92) |
44.35 (15.94) |
5.11 (4.56) |
6.36 (4.87) |
6.01 (5.77) |
|
Place of residency |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Family home |
180 (81.4) |
6.04 (2.88) |
0.058 |
42.66 (15.07) |
0.006 |
5.49 (4.62) |
0.255 |
6.45 (4.73) |
0.101 |
6.26 (5.74) |
0.557 |
Hostel |
41 (18.6) |
5.08 (2.52) |
49.90 (15.31) |
4.51 (4.69) |
5.12 (4.33) |
5.65 (6.95) |
|
Table 2Prevalence of internet addiction, poor sleep quality and depressive symptoms among medical students.
Psychological disorder |
n (%) |
Depression |
Normal |
177 (80.1) |
Mild |
16 (7.2) |
Moderate |
20 (9.0) |
Severe |
8 (3.6) |
|
Anxiety |
Normal |
164 (74.2) |
Mild |
24 (10.9) |
Moderate |
17 (7.7) |
Severe |
16 (7.3) |
|
Stress |
Normal |
207 (93.7) |
Mild |
10 (4.5) |
Moderate |
4 (1.4) |
|
Internet Addiction |
20–39 |
149 (67.4) |
40–69 |
59 (26.7) |
70–100 |
13 (5.9) |
|
PSQI |
≤ 5 |
146 (66.1) |
> 5 |
75 (33.9) |
Table 3Correlation matrix of sleep quality index and internet addiction with stress, depression, and anxiety.
|
PSQI score r1 (p) |
YIAT score r1 (p) |
DAS-21 stress score r1 (p) |
DAS-21 depression score r1 (p) |
DAS-21 anxiety score r1 (p) |
PSQI |
1 |
0.036 (0.598) |
0.458* (< 0.001) |
0.428* (< 0.001) |
0.395* (< 0.001) |
YIAT |
0.036 (0.598) |
1 |
0.068 (0.313) |
0.009 (0.899) |
0.051 (0.453) |
Table 4Results of multiple linear regression on factors associated with sleep quality.
Characteristics |
Unadjusted model |
Adjusted model |
|
|
Coefficient (95% CI) |
Standard error |
t
|
p
|
Coefficient (95% CI) |
Standard error |
t
|
p
|
Age (y) |
0.181 (−0.069–0.430) |
0.127 |
1.424 |
0.156 |
0.210 (−0.014–0.434) |
0.114 |
1.844 |
0.067 |
YIAT |
0.007 (−0.018–0.031) |
0.013 |
0.529 |
0.598 |
0.003 (−0.019–0.025) |
0.011 |
0.284 |
0.777 |
Stress |
0.279 (0.207–0.352) |
0.037 |
7.619 |
< 0.001 |
0.188 (0.065–0.310) |
0.062 |
3.014 |
0.003 |
Depression |
0.243 (0.168–0.318) |
0.038 |
6.362 |
< 0.001 |
0.084 (0.002–0.166) |
0.042 |
2.012 |
0.046 |
Anxiety |
0.205 (−0.147–0.262) |
0.029 |
7.012 |
< 0.001 |
0.029 (−0.087–0.145) |
0.059 |
0.498 |
0.619 |