aDepartment of Nursing, Kyung-In Women’s University, Incheon, Korea
bCollege of Nursing, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
Copyright ©2017, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
Characteristic | Adolescents with | Total (n = 65,426) | χ2 or t (p) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Foreign mothera (n = 698) | Korean mother (n = 64,728) | ||||
Age (y) | 14.84 ± 0.80 | 15.08 ± 1.74 | 15.08 ± 0.02 | 2.913 (0.004) | |
Sex | Male | 355 (52.2) | 33,296 (51.8) | 33,651 (51.8) | 0.041 (0.847) |
Female | 343 (47.8) | 31,432 (48.2) | 31,775 (48.2) | ||
Type of school | Middle school | 406 (53.3) | 32,644 (47.1) | 33,050 (50.8) | 28.641 (< 0.001) |
General high school | 213 (33.7) | 26,028 (43.9) | 26,241 (43.8) | ||
Technical high school | 77 (12.9) | 5,676 (8.9) | 5,753 (8.9) | ||
Father’s education | ≤ Middle school | 134 (21.6) | 1,472 (2.2) | 1,606 (2.4) | 992.194 (< 0.001) |
High school | 219 (33.0) | 18,256 (28.4) | 18,475 (28.5) | ||
≥ College | 132 (20.6) | 32,047 (53.1) | 32,179 (52.8) | ||
Unknown | 175 (24.8) | 10,941 (16.3) | 11,116 (16.4) | ||
Mother’s education | ≤ Middle school | 63 (10.5) | 1,411 (2.1) | 1,474 (2.2) | 276.728 (< 0.001) |
High school | 191 (27.4) | 23,770 (36.6) | 23,961 (36.5) | ||
≥ College | 240 (33.7) | 28,544 (45.4) | 28,784 (45.3) | ||
Unknown | 204 (28.4) | 11,003 (15.9) | 11,207 (16.0) | ||
Socio-economic status | Low | 57 (9.3) | 1,847 (2.8) | 1,904 (2.9) | 136.179 (< 0.001) |
Middle low | 147 (19.7) | 8,533 (13.2) | 8,680 (13.3) | ||
Middle | 344 (48.1) | 30,595 (47.1) | 30,939 (47.1) | ||
Middle high | 109 (16.1) | 17,852 (27.8) | 17,961 (27.7) | ||
High | 41 (6.8) | 5,901 (9.1) | 5,942 (9.1) | ||
Academic achievement | Low | 110 (17.3) | 6,735 (10.4) | 6,845 (10.5) | 33.728 (< 0.001) |
Middle low | 185 (25.0) | 15,058 (23.4) | 15,243 (23.4) | ||
Middle | 176 (25.0) | 18,225 (28.2) | 18,401 (28.2) | ||
Middle high | 157 (22.3) | 16,476 (25.4) | 16,633 (25.4) | ||
High | 70 (10.4) | 8,234 (12.6) | 8,304 (12.6) |
Characteristic | Adolescents with | Total (n = 65,426) | χ2 or t (p) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Foreign mothera (n = 698) | Korean mother (n = 64,728) | |||
Current smoking | ||||
No | 634 (88.6) | 60,121 (92.7) | 60,755 (92.7) | 14.493 (< 0.001) |
Yes | 64 (11.4) | 4,607 (7.3) | 4,671 (7.3) | |
Current drinking | ||||
No | 599 (84.9) | 54,465 (83.7) | 55,064 (83.7) | 0.682 (0.387) |
Yes | 99 (15.1) | 10,263 (16.3) | 10,362 (16.3) | |
Sexual experience | ||||
No | 630 (89.4) | 61,902 (95.6) | 62,532 (95.6) | 53.085 (< 0.001) |
Yes | 66 (10.6) | 2,753 (4.4) | 2,819 (4.4) | |
Depression | ||||
No | 522 (74.6) | 49,806 (76.8) | 50,328 (76.7) | 1.442 (0.208) |
Yes | 176 (25.4) | 14,922 (23.2) | 15,098 (23.3) | |
Suicidal ideation | ||||
No | 605 (86.2) | 57,417 (88.6) | 58,022 (88.6) | 3.275 (0.076) |
Yes | 93 (13.8) | 7,311 (11.4) | 7,404 (11.4) | |
Sedentary life (h/day) | ||||
< 2 | 508 (76.4) | 50,850 (81.2) | 51,358 (81.1) | 8.112 (0.003) |
≥ 2 | 158 (23.6) | 11,767 (18.8) | 11,925 (18.9) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 20.70 ± 0.14 | 20.88 ± 0.02 | 20.88 ± 0.02 | 1.266 (0.206) |
Physical activity (0–7) | 1.98 ± 0.08 | 1.94 ± 0.02 | 1.94 ± 0.02 | −0.508 (0.611) |
Breakfast in last 7 days (0–7) | 4.32 ± 0.11 | 4.51 ± 0.02 | 4.51 ± 0.02 | 1.830 (0.068) |
Teeth brushing in a day (0–9) | 2.62 ± 0.06 | 2.68 ± 0.01 | 2.68 ± 0.01 | 0.899 (0.369) |
Hand washing (0–15) | 10.14 ± 0.15 | 10.64 ± 0.02 | 10.64 ± 0.02 | 3.406 (0.001) |
Wearing seatbelt (0–9) | 4.54 ± 0.12 | 4.95 ± 0.02 | 4.94 ± 0.02 | 3.364 (0.001) |
Subjective health (1–5) | 3.83 ± 0.03 | 3.93 ± 0.01 | 3.93 ± 0.01 | 3.009 (0.003) |
Subjective happiness (1–5) | 3.73 ± 0.04 | 3.83 ± 0.01 | 3.83 ± 0.00 | 2.642 (0.008) |
Perceived stress level (1–5) | 3.30 ± 0.04 | 3.20 ± 0.01 | 3.20 ± 0.01 | −2.683 (0.007) |