aDepartment of Nursing Science, Youngdong University, Youngdong, Korea
bDepartment of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Daejeon, Korea
cDepartment of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
Copyright © 2016 Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Published by Elsevier Korea LLC.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Variable∗ | n | % | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Nurse level | Sex | Female | 1,808 | 99.6 |
Male | 8 | 0.4 | ||
Age (y) | < 25 | 444 | 24.4 | |
25–29 | 757 | 41.7 | ||
30–39 | 527 | 29.0 | ||
≥ 40 | 71 | 3.9 | ||
Clinical experience (y) | < 3 | 456 | 25.1 | |
3–6 | 575 | 31.7 | ||
7–9 | 249 | 13.7 | ||
≥ 10 | 363 | 20.0 | ||
Education | College | 922 | 50.8 | |
University | 783 | 43.1 | ||
Graduate | 95 | 5.2 | ||
Position | Staff nurse | 1,684 | 92.7 | |
Charge nurse | 132 | 7.3 | ||
Total | 1,816 | 100.0 | ||
Hospital level | Ownership | Private | 19 | 82.6 |
Public | 4 | 17.4 | ||
Bed to nurse ratio | < 2.5 | 7 | 30.4 | |
2.5–2.9 | 11 | 47.8 | ||
3.0–3.4 | 5 | 21.7 | ||
Total | 23 | 100.0 |
Variables | n | % | |
---|---|---|---|
Patient adverse events∗ | Medication error | 671 | 36.9 |
Patients fall | 1,037 | 57.1 | |
Nosocomial infection | 952 | 52.4 | |
Pressure sore | 820 | 45.2 | |
Non-nursing tasks† | Delivering and retrieving food trays | 1,415 | 77.9 |
Housekeeping duties | 1,246 | 68.6 | |
Transporting patients | 1,663 | 91.6 |
Fixed effect |
Medication error |
Patients fall |
Nosocomial infection |
Pressure sore |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | CI | OR | CI | OR | CI | OR | CI | ||||||
Hospital-level | |||||||||||||
Ownership (ref. Private) | 0.42† | 0.30 | 0.60 | 0.49† | 0.33 | 0.72 | 1.24 | 0.79 | 1.95 | 0.93 | 0.63 | 1.37 | |
Bed to nurse ratio | 0.96 | 0.67 | 1.37 | 1.07 | 0.81 | 1.42 | 0.94 | 0.67 | 1.32 | 1.35∗ | 1.01 | 1.80 | |
Nurse staffing_hospital‡ | 0.28∗ | 0.10 | 0.77 | 0.35 | 0.12 | 1.03 | 0.47 | 0.19 | 1.13 | 0.88 | 0.47 | 1.67 | |
Nurse-level | |||||||||||||
Sex (ref. Female) | 0.20 | 0.02 | 1.75 | 0.07† | 0.01 | 0.53 | 0.12∗ | 0.02 | 0.84 | 1.61 | 0.51 | 5.12 | |
Clinical experience | 1.01 | 0.98 | 1.04 | 1.04∗ | 1.01 | 1.07 | 1.07† | 1.04 | 1.09 | 1.01 | 0.98 | 1.04 | |
Education | 1.05 | 0.90 | 1.23 | 0.94 | 0.79 | 1.13 | 0.93 | 0.76 | 1.15 | 0.93 | 0.77 | 1.13 | |
Position | 0.82 | 0.53 | 1.27 | 1.57 | 0.94 | 2.61 | 0.81 | 0.57 | 1.16 | 0.96 | 0.52 | 1.77 | |
Work department (ref. Medicine) | |||||||||||||
Pediatrics | 1.01 | 0.56 | 1.83 | 0.95 | 0.55 | 1.64 | 0.75 | 0.48 | 1.19 | 0.17∗ | 0.08 | 0.38 | |
Surgery | 0.91 | 0.69 | 1.19 | 0.60† | 0.46 | 0.78 | 1.18 | 0.96 | 1.46 | 0.98 | 0.76 | 1.27 | |
Obstetrics and gynecology | 0.98 | 0.42 | 2.29 | 0.30† | 0.19 | 0.50 | 0.35† | 0.16 | 0.76 | 0.20† | 0.07 | 0.64 | |
Non-nursing tasks | 1.23† | 1.06 | 1.42 | 1.31† | 1.13 | 1.52 | 1.23† | 1.11 | 1.35 | 1.16∗ | 1.02 | 1.32 | |
Nurse staffing_nurse§ | 0.91 | 0.76 | 1.10 | 0.98 | 0.74 | 1.31 | 0.93 | 0.76 | 1.14 | 0.78† | 0.65 | 0.95 | |
Random Effect | τ00 = Var(r0) intercept variance | 0.14† | 0.18† | 0.19† | 0.09† |