Objectives Climate variability, particularly ambient air temperature, is an emerging environmental determinant of blood pressure (BP); however, evidence from tropical low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remains limited. We examined associations between monthly average ambient temperature with systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) among adults in Bogor City, Indonesia.
Methods This longitudinal cohort analysis used secondary data collected between 2011 and 2018 from 1,648 participants with repeated BP measurements (19 assessments over 6 years). Average ambient temperature data were matched to the month of BP measurement. Generalized estimating equations models were used to assess the association between temperature and BP after adjustment for age, sex, education, and socioeconomic status.
Results Mean ambient temperature ranged from 24.6 °C to 28.9 °C. SBP varied more than DBP and tended to increase as ambient temperature decreased. The overall main effect of temperature on BP was not statistically significant. However, several visit-specific temperature–time interactions were negative and significant, suggesting inverse patterns between lower temperatures and higher SBP or DBP. Marginal effects plots demonstrated time-varying associations, with predicted SBP and DBP differences of approximately −4 to +3 mmHg across follow-up visits at representative temperatures. Socioeconomic status and education were associated with SBP, whereas age and female sex were associated with DBP.
Conclusion Temperature variations were associated with time-varying BP changes among adults with hypertension in Bogor City during 2011–2018. Although the main temperature effect was non-significant, temperature–time interactions suggested modest inverse patterns within clinically plausible ranges. These findings support the need for updated, multi-site studies in tropical LMIC settings.
Objectives
To investigate the possible link between <i>Vibrio vulnificus</i> population size in seawater and water temperature. Methods
We collected incidence and water temperature data in coastal regions of Korea and constructed a mathematical model that consisted of three classes; susceptible fish, infected fish available to humans, and infected humans. Results
We developed a mathematical model to connect <i>V. vulnificus</i> incidence with water temperature using estimated bacterial population sizes and actual coastal water temperatures. Conclusion
Increased <i>V. vulnificus</i> population sizes in marine environments may increase the risk of infection in people who eat at coastal restaurants in Korea. Furthermore, we estimated the near-future number of infected patients using our model, which will help to establish a public-health policy to reduce the disease burden.
Citations
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