<sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Few long-term studies have been conducted on the serotype and antibiotic resistance patterns of <italic>Salmonella</italic> speices (spp.) The aim of this study was to determine the serotypes and antibiotic resistance patterns of <italic>Salmonella</italic> spp. isolated at Jeollanam-do in Korea from 2004 to 2014.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>A total of 276 <italic>Salmonella</italic> samples were evaluated. Serotyping was carried out according to the Kauffmann–White scheme. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined using the Vitek II system with an AST-N169 card.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>A total of 22 different serotypes were identified, and the major serotypes were <italic>Salmonella</italic> Enteritidis (116 strains, 42.0%) and <italic>Salmonella</italic> Typhimurium (60 strains, 21.7%). The highest resistance was observed in response to nalidixic acid (43.4%), followed by ampicillin (40.5%) and tetracycline (31.6%). Resistance to nalidixic acid was detected in 81.0% of <italic>S</italic>. Enteritidis. Multidrug resistance was detected in 43.3% of <italic>Salmonella</italic> spp. <italic>S</italic>. Enteritidis and <italic>S</italic>. Typhimurium presented the highest resistance (98.3%) and multidrug resistance rate (73.3%), respectively. The most highly observed antibiotic resistance pattern among <italic>Salmonella</italic> spp. in this study was ampicillin-chloramphenicol (14 strains, 5.7%),</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Overall, <italic>S</italic>. Enteritidis and <italic>S</italic>. Typhimurium showed higher antibiotic resistance than the other <italic>Salmonella</italic> serotypes tested in this study. Our study will provide useful information for investigating the sources of <italic>Salmonella</italic> infections, as well as selecting effective antibiotics for treatment.</p></sec>
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Objectives
Our previous longitudinal multicenter-based carriage study showed that the average carriage rate of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> was 16.8% in 582 healthy children attending kindergarten or elementary school in Seoul, Korea. We assessed serotype-specific prevalence and antimicrobial resistance among colonizing pneumococcal isolates from young children in the era of low use of the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7). Methods
Serotypes were determined by an agglutination test with specific antisera or by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. An antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed with broth microdilution in Korean 96-well panels from Dade-MicroScan (Sacramento, CA, USA). Results
Pneumococcal colonization patterns were dynamic and longterm persistent carriage was rare, which indicated a sequential turnover of pneumococcal strains. Of the 369 pneumococci (except for 23 killed isolates), 129 (34.9%) isolates were PCV7 vaccine serotypes (VTs); 213 (57.8%) isolates were nonvaccine serotypes (NVTs); and the remaining 27 (7.2%) isolates were nontypable (NT). The highest rates of multidrug resistance (MDR) were observed in VTs (86.0%; 111/129 isolates) and NVTs (70.0%; 149/213 isolates). Conclusion
This study overall showed the frequent carriage of VTs and NVTs with MDR in healthy children attending kindergarten or elementary school. Efforts should be directed toward reducing the extensive prescription of antibiotics and using new broader vaccines to reduce the expansion of MDR strains of NVTs in our community.
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Objectives
To characterise the genetic and serological diversity of pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>, we tested 111 <i>E coli</i> strains isolated from diarrhoeal patients in Korea between 2003 and 2006. Methods
The isolates were tested through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and slide agglutination method for the detection of virulence genes and serotypes, respectively. To compare the expression of Shiga toxin (<i>stx</i>)-1 and <i>stx2</i> genes, real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR and rapid exprssion assay, reversed-passive latex agglutination, were performed. Results
Forty-nine Shiga toxin-producing <i>E coli</i> (STEC) strains and 62 non-STEC strains, including 20 enteropathogenic <i>E coli</i>, 20 enterotoxigenic <i>E coli</i>, 20 enteroaggregative <i>E coli</i>, and 2 enteroinvasive <i>E coli</i> were randomly chosen from the strains isolated from diarrhoeal patients in Korea between 2003 and 2006. PCR analysis indicated that locus of enterocyte effacement pathogenicity island, that is, <i>eae</i>A, <i>esp</i>ADB, and <i>tir</i> genes were present in STEC, enteropathogenic <i>E coli</i>, and enteroinvasive <i>E coli</i>. Quorum sensing-related gene <i>lux</i>S was detected in most of pathogenic <i>E coli</i> strains. Major serotypes of the STEC strains were O157 (26%) and O26 (20%), whereas the non-STEC strains possessed various serotypes. Especially, all the strains with serotype O157 carried <i>stx</i>2 and the tested virulence factors. Of the STEC strains, the data of real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR and reversed-passive latex agglutination tests showed that messenger RNA- and protein expression of <i>stx</i>2 gene were higher than those of <i>stx</i>1 gene. Conclusion
Our results provide the epidemiological information regarding the trend of STEC and non-STEC infections in the general population and show the fundamental data in association of serotypes with virulence genes in diarrhoeagenic <i>E coli</i> strains from Korea.
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