Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives

Brief Reports

Emergence of Norovirus GII.17-associated Outbreak and Sporadic Cases in Korea from 2014 to 2015: Sunyoung Jung, Bo-Mi Hwang, HyunJu Jung, GyungTae Chung, Cheon-Kwon Yoo, Deog-Yong Lee; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2017;8(1):86-90. Published online February 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.1.12

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Human norovirus are major causative agent of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis. In general, genogroup (G) II.4 is the most prominent major genotype that circulate in human population and the environment. However, a shift in genotypic trends was observed in Korea in December 2014. In this study, we investigated the trend of norovirus genotype in detail using the database of Acute Diarrhea Laboratory Surveillance (K-EnterNet) in Korea. GII.17 has since become a major contributor to outbreaks of norovirus-related infections and sporadic cases in Korea, although the reason for this shift remain unknown.

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Monitoring of foodborne viruses in pre- and post-washed root vegetables in the Republic of Korea
Sunho Park, Md Iqbal Hossain, Soontag Jung, Zhaoqi Wang, Daseul Yeo, Seoyoung Woo, Yeeun Seo, Myeong-In Jeong, Changsun Choi
Food Control.2023; 154: 109982. CrossRef
Epidemiology of Norovirus Outbreaks Reported to the Public Health Emergency Event Surveillance System, China, 2014–2017
Yiyao Lian, Shuyu Wu, Li Luo, Bin Lv, Qiaohong Liao, Zhongjie Li, Jeanette J. Rainey, Aron J. Hall, Lu Ran
Viruses.2019; 11(4): 342. CrossRef
Nearly Complete Genome Sequence of a Human Norovirus GII.P17-GII.17 Strain Isolated from Brazil in 2015
Cristina Santiso-Bellón, Azahara Fuentes-Trillo, Juliana da Silva Ribeiro de Andrade, Carolina Monzó, Susana Vila-Vicent, Roberto Gozalbo Rovira, Javier Buesa, Felipe J. Chaves, Marize Pereira Miagostovich, Jesús Rodríguez-Díaz, Jelle Matthijnssens
Microbiology Resource Announcements.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Development of SNP Markers for Norovirus Related FUT2 Gene in Oyster
守泉闫
Hans Journal of Biomedicine.2019; 09(03): 135. CrossRef
Research on the contamination levels of norovirus in food facilities using groundwater in South Korea, 2015–2016
Jeong Su Lee, In Sun Joo, Si Yeon Ju, Min Hee Jeong, Yun-Hee Song, Hyo Sun Kwak
International Journal of Food Microbiology.2018; 280: 35. CrossRef
Norovirus GII.17 Associated with a Foodborne Acute Gastroenteritis Outbreak in Brazil, 2016
Juliana da Silva Ribeiro de Andrade, Tulio Machado Fumian, José Paulo Gagliardi Leite, Matheus Ribeiro de Assis, Alexandre Madi Fialho, Sergio Mouta, Cristiane Mendes Pereira Santiago, Marize Pereira Miagostovich
Food and Environmental Virology.2018; 10(2): 212. CrossRef
Phylogenetic characterization of norovirus strains detected from sporadic gastroenteritis in Seoul during 2014–2016
Young Eun Kim, Miok Song, Jaein Lee, Hyun Jung Seung, Eun-Young Kwon, Jinkyung Yu, Youngok Hwang, Taeho Yoon, Tae Jun Park, In Kyoung Lim
Gut Pathogens.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
The prevalence of non-GII.4 norovirus genotypes in acute gastroenteritis outbreaks in Jinan, China
Lanzheng Liu, Hengyun Guan, Ying Zhang, Chunrong Wang, Guoliang Yang, Shiman Ruan, Huailong Zhao, Xiuyun Han, Adriana Calderaro
PLOS ONE.2018; 13(12): e0209245. CrossRef

Occurrence of Norovirus GII.4 Sydney Variant-related Outbreaks in Korea: Sunyoung Jung, Bo-Mi Hwang, Hyun Ju Jeong, Gyung Tae Chung, Cheon-Kwon Yoo, Yeon-Ho Kang, Deog-Yong Lee; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2015;6(5):322-326. Published online October 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2015.10.004

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Abstract PDF

Human noroviruses are major causative agents of food and waterborne outbreaks of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis. In this study, we report the epidemiological features of three outbreak cases of norovirus in Korea, and we describe the clinical symptoms and distribution of the causative genotypes. The incidence rates of the three outbreaks were 16.24% (326/2,007), 4.1% (27/656), and 16.8% (36/214), respectively. The patients in these three outbreaks were affected by acute gastroenteritis. These schools were provided unheated food from the same manufacturing company. Two genotypes (GII.3 and GII.4) of the norovirus were detected in these cases. Among them, major causative strains of GII.4 (Hu-jeju-47-2007KR-like) were identified in patients, food handlers, and groundwater from the manufacturing company of the unheated food. In the GII.4 (Hu-jeju-47-2007KR-like) strain of the norovirus, the nucleotide sequences were identical and identified as the GII.4 Sydney variant. Our data suggests that the combined epidemiological and laboratory results were closely related, and the causative pathogen was the GII.4 Sydney variant strain from contaminated groundwater.

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A systematic review and meta-analysis indicates a substantial burden of human noroviruses in shellfish worldwide, with GII.4 and GII.2 being the predominant genotypes
Yijing Li, Liang Xue, Junshan Gao, Weicheng Cai, Zilei Zhang, Luobing Meng, Shuidi Miao, Xiaojing Hong, Mingfang Xu, Qingping Wu, Jumei Zhang
Food Microbiology.2023; 109: 104140. CrossRef
Molecular epidemiology of norovirus infections in children with acute gastroenteritis in 2017–2019 in Tianjin, China
Yulian Fang, Yanzhi Zhang, Hong Wang, Ouyan Shi, Wei Wang, Mengzhu Hou, Lu Wang, Jinying Wu, Yu Zhao
Journal of Medical Virology.2022; 94(2): 616. CrossRef
Assessment of potential infectivity of human norovirus in the traditional Korean salted clam product “Jogaejeotgal” by floating electrode-dielectric barrier discharge plasma
Eun Bi Jeon, Man-Seok Choi, Ji Yoon Kim, Eun Ha Choi, Jun Sup Lim, Jinsung Choi, Kwang Soo Ha, Ji Young Kwon, Sang Hyeon Jeong, Shin Young Park
Food Research International.2021; 141: 110107. CrossRef
Characterizing the effects of thermal treatment on human norovirus GII.4 viability using propidium monoazide combined with RT-qPCR and quality assessments in mussels
Eun Bi Jeon, Man-Seok Choi, Ji Yoon Kim, Kwang Soo Ha, Ji Young Kwon, Sung Hyeon Jeong, Hee Jung Lee, Yeoun Joong Jung, Ji-Hyoung Ha, Shin Young Park
Food Control.2020; 109: 106954. CrossRef
Molecular epidemiology of genogroup II norovirus infections in acute gastroenteritis patients during 2014–2016 in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
Caoyi Xue, Lifeng Pan, Weiping Zhu, Yuanping Wang, Huiqin Fu, Chang Cui, Lan Lu, Sun Qiao, Biao Xu
Gut Pathogens.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Review: Epidemiological evidence of groundwater contribution to global enteric disease, 1948–2015
Heather M. Murphy, Morgan D. Prioleau, Mark A. Borchardt, Paul D. Hynds
Hydrogeology Journal.2017; 25(4): 981. CrossRef
Change in Concentrations of Human Norovirus and Male-Specific Coliphage under Various Temperatures, Salinities, and pH Levels in Seawater
Poong Ho Kim, Yong Soo Park, Kunbawui Park, Ji Young Kwon, Hong Sik Yu, Hee Jung Lee, Ji Hoe Kim, Tae Seek Lee
Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences.2016; 49(4): 454. CrossRef
Norovirus outbreaks occurred in different settings in the Republic of Korea
Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2015; 6(5): 281. CrossRef

Epidemics of Norovirus GII.4 Variant in Outbreak Cases in Korea, 2004–2012: Sunyoung Jung, Hyun Ju Jeong, Bo-Mi Hwang, Cheon-Kwon Yoo, Gyung Tae Chung, Hyesook Jeong, Yeon-Ho Kang, Deog-Yong Lee; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2015;6(5):318-321. Published online October 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2015.10.002

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Abstract PDF

Norovirus GII.4 is recognized as a worldwide cause of nonbacterial outbreaks. In particular, the GII.4 variant occurs every 2–3 years according to antigenic variation. The aim of our study was to identify GII.4 variants in outbreaks in Korea during 2004–2012. Partial VP1 sequence of norovirus GII.4-related outbreaks during 2004–2012 was analyzed. The partial VP1 sequence was detected with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, seminested polymerase chain reaction, and nucleotide sequence of 312-314 base pairs for phylogenetic comparison. Nine variants emerged in outbreaks, with the Sydney variant showing predominance recently. This predominance may persist for at least 3 years, although new variants may appear in Korea.

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Trends for Syndromic Surveillance of Norovirus in Emergency Department Data Based on Chief Complaints
Soyeoun Kim, Sohee Kim, Bo Youl Choi, Boyoung Park
The Journal of Infectious Diseases.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Genotypic and Epidemiological Trends of Acute Gastroenteritis Associated with Noroviruses in China from 2006 to 2016
Shu-Wen Qin, Ta-Chien Chan, Jian Cai, Na Zhao, Zi-Ping Miao, Yi-Juan Chen, She-Lan Liu
International Journal of Environmental Research an.2017; 14(11): 1341. CrossRef

Original Article

Emerging Pathogens and Vehicles of Food- and Water-borne Disease Outbreaks in Korea, 2007–2012: Shinje Moon, Il-Woong Sohn, Yeongseon Hong, Hyungmin Lee, Ji-Hyuk Park, Geun-Yong Kwon, Sangwon Lee, Seung-Ki Youn; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2014;5(1):34-39. Published online February 28, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2013.12.004

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Food- and water-borne disease outbreaks (FBDOs) are an important public health problem worldwide. This study investigated the trends in FBDOs in Korea and established emerging causal pathogens and causal vehicles.
Methods
We analyzed FBDOs in Korea by year, location, causal pathogens, and causal vehicles from 2007 to 2012. Information was collected from the FBDOs database in the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Results
During 2007–2012, a total of 1794 FBDOs and 48,897 patients were reported. After 2007, FBDOs and patient numbers steadily decreased over the next 2 years and then plateaued until 2011. However, in 2012, FBDOs increased slightly accompanied by a large increase in the number of affected patients. Our results highlight the emergence of norovirus and pathogenic Escherichia coli other than enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) in schools in 2012. We found that pickled vegetables is an emerging causal vehicle responsible for this problem.
Conclusion
On the basis of this study we recommend intensified inspections of pickled vegetable manufacturers and the strengthening of laboratory surveillance of relevant pathogens.

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Jung Hyen Lee, Minjin Oh, Byoung Sik Kim
Food Control.2023; 144: 109334. CrossRef
Vibrio-infecting bacteriophages and their potential to control biofilm
Ana Cevallos-Urena, Jeong Yeon Kim, Byoung Sik Kim
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Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Bacteria Isolated from Hotspot Environments in Bahir Dar City, Northwestern Ethiopia
Kindu Geta, Mulugeta Kibret
Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare.2022; Volume 15: 1403. CrossRef
Inhibitory Effects of Crude Fucoidan Extract from Hizikia fusiformis against Norovirus Causing Foodborne Disease
Hyojin Kim, Mi Sook Chung
Korean Journal of Food and Cookery Science.2018; 34(5): 519. CrossRef
High level of drug resistance by gram-negative bacteria from selected sewage polluted urban rivers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Teshome Belachew, Amete Mihret, Tesfaye Legesse, Yihenew Million, Kassu Desta
BMC Research Notes.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Inhibitory Effects of Allium chinense and Its Dimethyl Disulfide against Murine Norovirus as a Surrogate for Foodborne Virus
Mi Sook Chung
Korean Journal of Food and Cookery Science.2018; 34(2): 222. CrossRef
Inactivation of norovirus surrogates by kimchi fermentation in the presence of black raspberry
Garam Bae, Jeongwon Kim, Hyojin Kim, Jong Hyeon Seok, Dan Bi Lee, Kyung Hyun Kim, Mi Sook Chung
Food Control.2018; 91: 390. CrossRef
Metagenomic Sequencing for Surveillance of Food- and Waterborne Viral Diseases
David F. Nieuwenhuijse, Marion P. G. Koopmans
Frontiers in Microbiology.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis profiles of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolated from different retail foods
Lili Wang, Hiromi Nakamura, Eriko Kage-Nakadai, Yukiko Hara-Kudo, Yoshikazu Nishikawa
International Journal of Food Microbiology.2017; 249: 44. CrossRef
Complete genome sequence ofVibrio parahaemolyticusFORC_023 isolated from raw fish storage water
Han Young Chung, Eun Jung Na, Kyu-Ho Lee, Sangryeol Ryu, Hyunjin Yoon, Ju-Hoon Lee, Hyeun Bum Kim, Heebal Kim, Sang Ho Choi, Bong-Soo Kim, David Rasko
Pathogens and Disease.2016; 74(4): ftw032. CrossRef
An outbreak of norovirus infection associated with fermented oyster consumption in South Korea, 2013
H. G. CHO, S. G. LEE, M. Y. LEE, E. S. HUR, J. S. LEE, P. H. PARK, Y. B. PARK, M. H. YOON, S. Y. PAIK
Epidemiology and Infection.2016; 144(13): 2759. CrossRef
Molecular epidemiology of norovirus in South Korea
Sung-Geun Lee, Han-Gil Cho, Soon-Young Paik
BMB Reports .2015; 48(2): 61. CrossRef
Three Gastroenteritis Outbreaks in South Korea Caused by the Consumption of Kimchi Tainted by Norovirus GI.4
Ji-Hyuk Park, Sunyoung Jung, Jaeseung Shin, Jeong Su Lee, In Sun Joo, Deog-Yong Lee
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Environmental monitoring of bacterial contamination and antibiotic resistance patterns of the fecal coliforms isolated from Cauvery River, a major drinking water source in Karnataka, India
Sinosh Skariyachan, Arpitha Badarinath Mahajanakatti, Nisha Jayaprakash Grandhi, Akshatha Prasanna, Ballari Sen, Narasimha Sharma, Kiran S Vasist, Rajeswari Narayanappa
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Emergence of Norovirus GII.4 variants in acute gastroenteritis outbreaks in South Korea between 2006 and 2013
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Journal of Clinical Virology.2015; 72: 11. CrossRef

Brief Report

Trends in Water- and Foodborne Disease Outbreaks in Korea, 2007–2009: Jin Gwack, Kyoung-Chan Lee, Hyo Jin Lee, Wooseok Kwak, Dong Woo Lee, Yeon Hwa Choi, Jin Seok Kim, Young Ah Kang; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2010;1(1):50-54. Published online December 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2010.12.011

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
In Korea, every outbreak of acute gastroenteritis in two or more patients who are epidemiologically related is investigated by local public health centres to determine causative agents and control the outbreak with the support of the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The findings and conclusions of each outbreak investigation have been summarized annually since 2007 to make reports and statistics of water- and foodborne disease outbreaks.
Methods
All outbreaks reported to Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 2007 to 2009 were included in the study. We analysed the trends and epidemiologic aspects of outbreaks by month, year, and location.
Results
The total number of outbreaks decreased steadily each year for the period the study covered, whereas the number of patients per outbreak continued to increase resulting from a dramatic increase in the number of patients per outbreak in food service establishments. The outbreaks occurred in the period of June to September, when temperature and humidity are relatively high, which accounted for 44.3% of total outbreaks. The monthly number of outbreaks decreased steadily until November after peaking in May 2009. The most common causative agent was norovirus (16.5%) followed by pathogenic Escherichia coli. The rate of causative agent identification was 60.1%, with higher identification rates in larger outbreaks.
Conclusions
Although a decreasing trend of outbreaks by year was observed in the study, the food services in schools and companies require more attention to hygiene and sanitation to prevent large outbreaks. The ability to establish the cause of an outbreak should be further improved.

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