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<title>Objectives</title>
<p>Menopause is a well-known risk factor for accelerating cognitive aging in women. This study aimed to assess differences in cognitive function and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) according to menopausal status to determine whether the menopause significantly affects the relationship between cognitive function and HRQOL.</p></sec>
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<title>Methods</title>
<p>This was a cross-sectional comparative study with a convenience sample of 178 Korean women including 89 naturally menopausal women (65 ± 10 years) and 89 non-menopausal women (45 ± 8 years) who met the eligibility criteria and completed neuropsychological tests and self-report questionnaires about their HRQOL, cognitive function, depression, and sleep quality. Multiple regression analyses were performed within and between groups according to menopausal status.</p></sec>
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<title>Results</title>
<p>Menopausal women had significantly worse scores on neuropsychological performance and HRQOL than non-menopausal women. A better neuropsychological performance (β = 0.34) was solely associated with a better HRQOL in menopausal women, whilst socioeconomic variables were associated with HRQOL in non-menopausal women.</p></sec>
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<title>Conclusion</title>
<p>Menopause is an important risk factor for HRQOL, and the association between cognition and HRQOL may differ according to menopausal status. When developing programs for target groups to improve daily functioning and HRQOL, healthcare professionals need to pay more attention to this relationship.</p></sec>
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Impact of sleep disturbances on health-related quality of life in postmenopausal women: a systematic review Claudio N. Soares, Malek Bajbouj, Nils Schoof, Amit Kishore, Cecilia Caetano Menopause.2026; 33(1): 118. CrossRef
Assessing the Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Menopausal Quality of Life Among Academic Women in Saudi Arabia Sally Mohammed Farghaly Abdelaliem, Noha Mohamed Mahmoud Hassan, Aljory Alqahtani, Lama Alamer, Noura Alhomaid, Hessa Alsubaie, Rania Alsaeed, Dalal Al-Qahtani, Mudhawi Alenazi Healthcare.2025; 13(13): 1557. CrossRef
Brain volumetric changes in menopausal women and its association with cognitive function: a structured review Nur Zuliani Ramli, Mohamad Fairuz Yahaya, Nur Azlina Mohd Fahami, Hanani Abdul Manan, Meharvan Singh, Hanafi Ahmad Damanhuri Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
<sec>
<title>Objectives</title>
<p>This study identifies associated factors of ischemic heart disease (IHD) among post-menopausal Korean women at the biomedical (age, family history of hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, or cerebro-cardiovascular disease, body mass index, and metabolic syndrome), biosocial (socioeconomic status and educational level), and psychosocial levels (stress, depression, smoking, binge alcohol consumption, and physical activity).</p></sec>
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<title>Methods</title>
<p>This study used a cross-sectional design with secondary data analysis of the 2013–2016 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Data from 3,636 women were analyzed by logistic regression analysis using a complex sample procedure.</p></sec>
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<title>Results</title>
<p>Of the biomedical factors, older age [odds ratio (OR): 2.99, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.87–4.80, <italic>p</italic> < 0.001], family history (OR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.44–3.65, <italic>p</italic> = 0.001), and metabolic syndrome (OR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.27–2.95, <italic>p</italic> = 0.002) were associated with IHD in post-menopausal women. Of the psychosocial factors, depression (OR: 2.56, 95% CI: 1.66–3.96, <italic>p</italic> < 0.001) and smoking (OR: 1.92, CI: 1.04–3.55, <italic>p</italic> = 0.038) were associated with IHD in post-menopausal women.</p></sec>
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<title>Conclusion</title>
<p>These findings suggest that healthcare providers need to consider the contributing adverse effects of older age, family history, metabolic syndrome, depression and smoking when evaluating risk factors for IHD in post-menopausal women.</p></sec>
Citations
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Vasomotor symptoms, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease risk among Chinese postmenopausal women in Hong Kong Sek Ying Chair, Sally Wai Sze Lo, Ho Yu Cheung, Janet Wing Hung Sit, Qun Wang, Huijing Zou Women & Health.2022; 62(7): 621. CrossRef
Association of rheumatoid arthritis and high sodium intake with major adverse cardiovascular events: a cross-sectional study from the seventh Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Jeong-Hyeon Bae, Min-Young Shin, Eun Ha Kang, Yun Jong Lee, You-Jung Ha BMJ Open.2021; 11(12): e056255. CrossRef
Comparison of early cardiovascular risk among Brazilian and African university students Ederson Laurindo Holanda de Sousa, Jânio Emanuel Andrade Cavalcante, Daniel Freire de Sousa, Jamile Magalhães Ferreira, Richard Rarison Cavalcante Meneses, Duaran Lopes Sousa, Allyson Jordan Xavier da Silva, Raimundo Rigoberto Barbosa Xavier Filho, Elias Clinical Biochemistry.2020; 75: 7. CrossRef
Beneficial Effects of Breastfeeding on the Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome Among Postmenopausal Women Jin Suk Ra, Soon Ok Kim Asian Nursing Research.2020; 14(3): 173. CrossRef
Objectives
The purpose of this study is to search the inner world of postmenopausal women in late-middle age who are facing senescence and live in small and medium-sized cities. Methods
The methods of the study were the investigation and classification of answers to questions according to a declarative ethnography analysis. The questions asked to late–middle-aged women living in small and medium-sized cities were “How do you interpret and recognize the changes in the body after menopause?” and “Which methods do you choose and practice to maintain your health in relation to aging during middle age?”. Results
Four positive topics and two negative topics were drawn from the study. The four positive themes were: ambition; completion of a great mission; life with a sense of affection; and gratitude for maintaining health. The negative themes were: undulating emotion; and filling the emptiness. Conclusion
The recognition of changes in the body after menopause in late–middle-aged women in small and medium-sized cities can affect their preparation processes towards senescence. It is critical to find the means to manage emergency health cases from early adulthood to middle age, based on the outcomes of the study. The study also emphasizes the importance of the woman's family's alternative strategies and supportive systems, which can fit into the cultural context of the community.
Citations
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Trend of Women’s Health Research in Korea, 2012–2020: Topic and Text Network Analysis Ji Eun Park, Saerom Kim, Myoung-Hee Kim, Taemi Kim, Seung-Ah Choe, Hye Sook Min Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The experiences and needs of Asian women experiencing menopausal symptoms: a meta-synthesis Shefaly Shorey, Esperanza D. Ng Menopause.2019; 26(5): 557. CrossRef
Effects of Aromatherapy on Menopausal Symptoms, Perceived Stress and Depression in Middle-aged Women: A Systematic Review Shinmi Kim, Ji-Ah Song, Mi-Eun Kim, Myung-Haeng Hur Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2016; 46(5): 619. CrossRef
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