Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives

Original Articles

The first reported hepatitis E outbreak in a food manufacturing factory: Korea, 2022: Hansol Yeom, Soonryu Seo, Youngsil Yoon, Jaeeun Lee, Myung-Guk Han, Deog-Yong Lee, Sun-Whan Park, Song A Park, Sook-Hyang Jeong, Jin Gwack; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2023;14(1):15-22. Published online February 22, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0305

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Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF: Objectives
On February 16, 2022, 12 cases of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection were reported in a food manufacturing factory in Korea. The aim of this study was to identify additional cases and to determine the source of this HEV outbreak. Methods: This study was an in-depth investigation of 12 HEV immunoglobulin M (IgM)-positive cases and their demographic, clinical, and epidemiological characteristics. On-site specimens were collected from the environment and from humans, and a follow-up investigation was conducted 2 to 3 months after the outbreak. Results: Among 80 production workers in the factory, 12 (15.0%) had acute HEV infection, all of whom were asymptomatic. The follow-up investigation showed that 3 cases were HEV IgMpositive, while 6 were HEV IgG-positive. HEV genes were not detected in the HEV IgM-positive specimens. HEV genes were not detected in the food products or environmental specimens collected on-site. HEV was presumed to be the causative pathogen. However, it could not be confirmed that the source of infection was common consumption inside the factory. Conclusion: This was the first domestic case of an HEV infection outbreak in a food manufacturing factory in Korea. Our results provide information for the future control of outbreaks and for the preparation of measures to prevent domestic outbreaks of HEV infection.

A case-control study of acute hepatitis A in South Korea, 2019: Jung Hee Hyun, Ju Young Yoon, Sang Hyuk Lee; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2022;13(5):352-359. Published online October 12, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0141

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Objectives
We aimed to reconfirm the source of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection through epidemiological and genotype investigations of individual cases in a 2019 outbreak in South Korea. Methods: We investigated food intake histories, associations with hepatitis A, and genotypes of HAV in 31 patients with hepatitis aged 20 to 49 years registered in the integrated disease and health management system during December 1–7, 2019 (case group) and in 35 sex- and agematched people without a history of HAV vaccination or infection among patients’ families and colleagues (control group). Results: The consumption of salted clams was a significant factor (odds ratio, 4.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.32–14.18) in the risk factor analysis of food intake history. HAV genotypes were analyzed in 24 of 31 patients. Type IA and type IIIA were found in 23 and 1 cases, respectively. Conclusion: Salted clams are considered to have been the source of HAV infection at 49 weeks of the HAV outbreak in 2019; this result was consistent with that of a previous epidemiological investigation conducted by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency in September 2019. Therefore, monitoring of the production and distribution of salted clams needs to be continued.

Citations

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Prevalence of foodborne viruses and influenza A virus from poultry processing plants to retailed chickens
Daseul Yeo, Mengxiao Song, Md. Iqbal Hossain, Soontag Jung, Zhaoqi Wang, Dong Joo Seo, Min Suk Rhee, Changsun Choi
Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Changes in the pattern and disease burden of acute respiratory viral infections before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: Chungmin Park, Donghan Lee, Bryan Inho Kim, Sujin Park, Gyehee Lee, Sangwoo Tak; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2022;13(3):203-211. Published online June 30, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0144

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Abstract PDF: Objectives
We conducted a comparative analysis of the differences in the incidence of 8 acute respiratory viruses and the changes in their patterns before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: Three sentinel surveillance systems of the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency and data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service were analyzed. The average numbers of reported cases and the related hospital admissions and outpatient data were compared between April 2018–2019 and 2020–2021. Changes in the disease burden and medical expenditures between these 2 time periods were evaluated. Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of reported cases of all acute respiratory viral infections, except for human bocavirus, decreased significantly. Data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service also showed decreases in the actual amount of medical service usage and a marked reduction in medical expenditures. Conclusion: Non-pharmacological interventions in response to COVID-19 showed preventive effects on the transmission of other respiratory viruses, as well as COVID-19. Although COVID-19 had a tremendous impact on society as a whole, with high social costs, there were also positive effects, such as a reduction in the incidence of acute respiratory viral infections.

Seroprevalence of immunoglobulin G antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in children and adolescents in Delhi, India, from January to October 2021: a repeated cross-sectional analysis: Pragya Sharma, Saurav Basu, Suruchi Mishra, Mongjam Meghachandra Singh; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2022;13(3):184-190. Published online June 10, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0014

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Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF

Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess changes in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunoglobulin G (IgG) seroprevalence among children and adolescents in Delhi, India from January 2021 to October 2021. Methods: This was a repeated cross-sectional analysis of participants aged 5 to 17 years from 2 SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence surveys conducted in Delhi, India during January 2021 and September to October 2021. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were detected by using the VITROS assay (90% sensitivity, 100% specificity). Results: The seroprevalence among 5- to 17-year-old school-age children and adolescents increased from 52.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 51.3%−54.3%) in January 2021 to 81.8% (95% CI, 80.9%−82.6%) in September to October 2021. The assay-adjusted seroprevalence was 90.8% (95% CI, 89.8%−91.7%). Seropositivity positively correlated with participants’ age (p<0.001), but not sex (p=0.388). A signal to cut-off ratio ≥4.00, correlating with the presence of neutralization antibodies, was observed in 4,814 (57.9%) participants. Conclusion: The high percentage of seroconversion among children and adolescents indicates the presence of natural infection-induced immunity from past exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, the lack of hybrid immunity and the concomitant likelihood of lower levels of neutralization antibodies than in adults due to the absence of vaccination warrants careful monitoring and surveillance of infection risk and disease severity from newer and emergent variants.

Citations

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Severe Acute Hepatitis of unknown etiology presenting as pediatric acute liver failure: Analysis of likely etiology, clinical course and outcome
Bikrant Bihari Lal, Vikrant Sood, Ekta Gupta, Reshu Agarwal, Rajeev Khanna, Seema Alam
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Seroprevalence of SARS CoV-2 among children after the second surge (June 2021) in a rural district of South India: Findings and lessons from a population-based survey
Carolin Elizabeth George, Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Shon Rajukutty, Roshni Florina Joan, Sangeetha Muthuraj, Sindhulina Chandrasingh
Frontiers in Pediatrics.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Review Article

Worldwide prevalence of fungal coinfections among COVID-19 patients: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis: Saber Soltani, Milad Zandi, Samireh Faramarzi, Ramin Shahbahrami, Mohebat Vali, Sara Akhavan Rezayat, Reza Pakzad, Pooneh Malekifar, Iraj Pakzad, Neda Jahandoost, Jalal Moludi; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2022;13(1):15-23. Published online February 8, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0293

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Microbial coinfections can increase the morbidity and mortality rates of viral respiratory diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of fungal coinfections in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, and Embase were searched without language restrictions to identify the related research on COVID-19 patients with fungal coinfections from December 1, 2019, to December 30, 2020. A random-effects model was used for analysis. The sample size included 2,246 patients from 8 studies. The pooled prevalence of fungal coinfections was 12.60%. The frequency of fungal subtype coinfections was 3.71% for Aspergillus, 2.39% for Candida, and 0.39% for other. The World Health Organization’s Regional Office for Europe and Regional Office for Southeast Asia had the highest (23.28%) and lowest (4.53%) estimated prevalence of fungal coinfection, respectively. Our findings showed a high prevalence of fungal coinfections in COVID-19 cases, which is a likely contributor to mortality in COVID-19 patients. Early identification of fungal pathogens in the laboratory for COVID-19 patients can lead to timely treatment and prevention of further damage by this hidden infection.

Original Article

Prevalence of plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases among uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates in southwestern Iran: Nabi Jomehzadeh, Khadijeh Ahmadi, Zahra Rahmani; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2021;12(6):390-395. Published online December 1, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0272

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
This study was undertaken to evaluate AmpC β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli urine isolates and to characterize the frequency of plasmid-mediated AmpC (pAmpC)-encoding genes.
Methods
Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using the disk diffusion technique. AmpC β-lactamase production was assessed with a phenotypic inhibitor-based method. The presence of 6 pAmpC-encoding cluster genes was detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Results
The proportion of antibiotic resistance of E. coli isolates ranged from 7.4% to 90.5%, and more than half (51.6%) of the total isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Among the 95 E. coli isolates, 60 (63.2%) were found to be cefoxitin-resistant, but only 14 (14.7%) isolates were confirmed as AmpC β-lactamase-producers. In the PCR assay, pAmpC-encoding genes were found in 15 (15.8%) isolates, and blaDHA was the most prevalent type. However, blaFOX, blaMOX, and blaACC genes were not detected in the isolates.
Conclusion
Our findings contributed valuable information concerning antibiotic resistance, confirmatory phenotypic testing for AmpC production, and pAmpC β-lactamase gene content in E. coli isolates in southwestern Iran. The level of MDR recorded in AmpC-producing strains of this study was worrying; therefore, implementing strong infection control approaches to reduce the MDR burden is recommended.

Citations

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Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Resistant Genes in Escherichia coli Isolates from Central China during 2016–2019
Zui Wang, Qin Lu, Xiaohui Mao, Li Li, Junfeng Dou, Qigai He, Huabin Shao, Qingping Luo
Animals.2022; 12(22): 3191. CrossRef
Molecular detection and characterization of Shigella spp. harboring extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes in children with diarrhea in northwest Iran
Sahar Sabour, Amir Teimourpour, Jafar Mohammadshahi, Hadi Peeridogaheh, Roghayeh Teimourpour, Taher Azimi, Zahra Hosseinali
Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Plasmid-mediated AmpC β-Lactamase gene analysis in Klebsiella Pneumoniae clinical isolates
Nabi Jomehzadeh, Khadijeh Ahmadi, Hasti Shaabaninejad, Gholamali Eslami
Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal (BBR.2022; 6(4): 582. CrossRef

Brief Report

The laboratory test procedure to confirm rotavirus vaccine infection in severe complex immunodeficiency patients: Su-Jin Chae, Seung-Rye Cho, Wooyoung Choi, Myung-Guk Han, Deog-Yong Lee; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2021;12(4):269-273. Published online August 13, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0079

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Abstract PDF: The rotavirus vaccine is a live vaccine, and there is a possibility of infection by the virus strain used in the vaccine. We investigated the process of determining whether an infection was caused by the vaccine strain in a severe complex immunodeficiency (SCID) patient with rotavirus infection. The patient was vaccinated with RotaTeq prior to being diagnosed with SCID. The testing process was conducted in the following order: confirming rotavirus infection, determining its genotype, and confirming the vaccine strain. Rotavirus infection was confirmed through enzyme immunoassay and VP6 gene detection. G1 and P[8] were identified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction for the genotype, and G3 was further identified using a single primer. By detecting the fingerprint gene (WC3) of RotaTeq, it was confirmed that the detected virus was the vaccine strain. Genotypes G1 and P[8] were identified, and the infection was suspected of having been caused by rotavirus G1P[8]. G1P[8] is the most commonly detected genotype worldwide and is not included in the recombinant strains used in vaccines. Therefore, the infection was confirmed to have been caused by the vaccine strain by analyzing the genetic relationship between VP4 and VP7. Rotavirus infection by the vaccine strain can be identified through genotyping and fingerprint gene detection. However, genetic linkage analysis will also help to identify vaccine strains.

Short Communications

Detection of Novel Coronavirus on the Surface of Environmental Materials Contaminated by COVID-19 Patients in the Republic of Korea: Sang-Eun Lee, Deog-Yong Lee, Wook-Gyo Lee, ByeongHak Kang, Yoon Suk Jang, Boyeong Ryu, SeungJae Lee, Hyunjung Bahk, Eungyu Lee; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2020;11(3):128-132. Published online May 8, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.3.03

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21 Citations

Abstract PDF

This study aimed to determine the presence of SARS-CoV-2 on surfaces frequently touched by COVID-19 patients, and assess the scope of contamination and transmissibility in facilities where the outbreaks occurred. In the course of this epidemiological investigation, a total of 80 environmental specimens were collected from 6 hospitals (68 specimens) and 2 “mass facilities” (6 specimens from a rehabilitation center and 6 specimens from an apartment building complex). Specific reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction targeting of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and envelope genes, were used to identify the presence of this novel coronavirus. The 68 specimens from 6 hospitals (A, B, C, D, E, and G), where prior disinfection/cleaning had been performed before environmental sampling, tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. However, 2 out of 12 specimens (16.7%) from 2 “mass facilities” (F and H), where prior disinfection/cleaning had not taken place, were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA polymerase, and envelope genes. These results suggest that prompt disinfection and cleaning of potentially contaminated surfaces is an effective infection control measure. By inactivating SARS-CoV-2 with disinfection/cleaning the infectivity and transmission of the virus is blocked. This investigation of environmental sampling may help in the understanding of risk assessment of the COVID-19 outbreak in “mass facilities” and provide guidance in using effective disinfectants on contaminated surfaces.

Citations

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Contact Transmission of COVID-19 in South Korea: Novel Investigation Techniques for Tracing Contacts: Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2020;11(1):60-63. Published online February 28, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.1.09

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Abstract PDF

In the epidemiological investigation of an infectious disease, investigating, classifying, tracking, and managing contacts by identifying the patient’s route are important for preventing further transmission of the disease. However, omissions and errors in previous activities can occur when the investigation is performed through only a proxy interview with the patient. To overcome these limitations, methods that can objectively verify the patient’s claims (medical facility records, Global Positioning System, card transactions, and closed-circuit television) were used for the recent ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 contact investigations in South Korea.

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Original Articles

Estimation of the Size of Dengue and Zika Infection Among Korean Travelers to Southeast Asia and Latin America, 2016–2017: Chaeshin Chu, Een Suk Shin; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2019;10(6):394-398. Published online December 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.6.10

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Abstract PDF: Objectives
To estimate the number and risk of imported infections resulting from people visiting Asian and Latin American countries.
Methods
The dataset of visitors to 5 Asian countries with dengue were analyzed for 2016 and 2017, and in the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam, imported cases of zika virus infection were also reported. For zika virus, a single imported case was reported from Brazil in 2016, and 2 imported cases reported from the Maldives in 2017. To understand the transmissibility in 5 Southeast Asian countries, the estimate of the force of infection, i.e., the hazard of infection per year and the average duration of travel has been extracted. Outbound travel numbers were retrieved from the World Tourism Organization, including business travelers.
Results
The incidence of imported dengue in 2016 was estimated at 7.46, 15.00, 2.14, 4.73 and 2.40 per 100,000 travelers visiting Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia and Vietnam, respectively. Similarly, 2.55, 1.65, 1.53, 1.86 and 1.70 per 100,000 travelers in 2017, respectively. It was estimated that there were 60.1 infections (range: from 16.8 to 150.7 infections) with zika virus in Brazil, 2016, and 345.6 infections (range: from 85.4 to 425.5 infections) with zika virus in the Maldives, 2017.
Conclusion
This study emphasizes that dengue and zika virus infections are mild in their nature, and a substantial number of infections may go undetected. An appropriate risk assessment of zika virus infection must use the estimated total size of infections.

Relationships between Virulence Factors and Antimicrobial Resistance among Escherichia coli Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections and Commensal Isolates in Tehran, Iran: Mohammad Reza Asadi Karam, Mehri Habibi, Saeid Bouzari; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2018;9(5):217-224. Published online October 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2018.9.5.02

5,118 View
111 Download
20 Citations

Abstract PDF

Objectives

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are the major cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Here, we determined whether sensitivity to antibiotics was related to the prevalence of iron scavenging genes, or to biofilm and hemolysis formation.

Methods

A total of 110 UPEC and 30 E coli isolates were collected from the urine of UTI patients and feces of healthy individuals without UTI, respectively. The presence of iron receptor genes and phenotypic properties were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction and phenotypic methods, respectively. Susceptibility to routine antibiotics was evaluated using the disc diffusion method.

Results

The prevalence of iron scavenging genes ranged from 21.8% (ireA) to 84.5% (chuA) in the UPEC. Resistance to ceftazidime and cefotaxime was significantly correlated with the presence of fyuA and iutA iron genes. Biofilm production was significantly associated with the prevalence of fyuA and hma iron genes. A higher degree of antibiotic resistance was exhibited by isolates that produced biofilms than by their non-biofilm producing counterparts.

Conclusion

Our study clearly indicates that biofilm production is associated with antibiotic resistance, and that iron receptors and hemolysin production also contribute to reduced antibiotic sensitivity. These results further our understanding of the role that these virulence factors play during UPEC pathogenesis, which in turn may be valuable for the development of novel treatment strategies against UTIs.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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Ramya Kumaran, R.V. Geetha, Sabitha Baby
Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology.2022; 16(2): 867. CrossRef
Characterization of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance pattern of uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains in a tertiary care center
Naveen Kumar M, Sevitha Bhat, Archana Bhat K, Vishwas Saralaya, Shalini Shenoy Mulki
F1000Research.2022; 11: 1163. CrossRef
Antibiotic Resistance, Biofilm Formation and Sub-Inhibitory Hydrogen Peroxide Stimulation in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli
Prabin Dawadi, Santosh Khanal, Tista Prasai Joshi, Sudeep KC, Reshma Tuladhar, Bijaya Laxmi Maharjan, Anjani Darai, Dev Raj Joshi
Microbiology Insights.2022; 15: 117863612211352. CrossRef
Characterization of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance pattern of uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains in a tertiary care center
Naveen Kumar M, Sevitha Bhat, Archana Bhat K, Vishwas Saralaya, Shalini Shenoy Mulki
F1000Research.2022; 11: 1163. CrossRef
Insects, Rodents, and Pets as Reservoirs, Vectors, and Sentinels of Antimicrobial Resistance
Willis Gwenzi, Nhamo Chaukura, Norah Muisa-Zikali, Charles Teta, Tendai Musvuugwa, Piotr Rzymski, Akebe Luther King Abia
Antibiotics.2021; 10(1): 68. CrossRef
Virulence genes and phylogenetic groups of uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates from patients with urinary tract infection and uninfected control subjects: a case-control study
Seyedeh Elham Rezatofighi, Mahsa Mirzarazi, Mansour Salehi
BMC Infectious Diseases.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Virulence characterization and clonal analysis of uropathogenic Escherichia coli metallo-beta-lactamase-producing isolates
Fatemeh Zangane Matin, Seyedeh Elham Rezatofighi, Mohammad Roayaei Ardakani, Mohammad Reza Akhoond, Fahimeh Mahmoodi
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Detection of Virulence-Associated Genes in Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Commercial Broilers
Tímea Kocúreková, Lívia Karahutová, Dobroslava Bujňáková
Antibiotics.2021; 10(11): 1303. CrossRef
Evaluation of Biofilm Formation and Virulence Genes and Association with Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains in Southwestern Iran
Mostafa Boroumand, Asghar Sharifi, Mohammad Amin Ghatei, Mohsen Sadrinasab
Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Differences of virulence factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility according to phylogenetic group in uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from Korean patients
Miri Hyun, Ji Yeon Lee, Hyun ah Kim
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Changes in Bacterial Spectrum and Resistance Patterns Over Time in the Urine of Patients with Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Due to Spinal Cord Injury
Jürgen Pannek, Carmen Kurmann, Jörg Krebs, Valentin Habermacher, Jens Wöllner
Urologia Internationalis.2021; 105(5-6): 483. CrossRef
A systematic review and meta-analysis of antibiotic resistance patterns, and the correlation between biofilm formation with virulence factors in uropathogenic E. coli isolated from urinary tract infections
Fei Zhao, Huanxin Yang, Dezhong Bi, Azad Khaledi, Mingqi Qiao
Microbial Pathogenesis.2020; 144: 104196. CrossRef
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Mansoureh Bakhshi, Hengameh Zandi, Mehdi Fatahi Bafghi, Akram Astani, Vahid Reza Ranjbar, Mahmood Vakili
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Biofilm formation, antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence genes of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from clinical isolates in Uganda
Paul Katongole, Fatuma Nalubega, Najjuka Christine Florence, Benon Asiimwe, Irene Andia
BMC Infectious Diseases.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Relationship between Virulence and Resistance among Gram-Negative Bacteria
Virginio Cepas, Sara M. Soto
Antibiotics.2020; 9(10): 719. CrossRef
Virulence factors of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) and correlation with antimicrobial resistance
Chhaya Shah, Ratna Baral, Bijay Bartaula, Lok Bahadur Shrestha
BMC Microbiology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef

Epidemiological Study on Candida Species in Patients with Cancer in the Intensive Care Unit: Young-ju Choi, Byeongyeo Lee, Sun-A Park; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2017;8(6):384-388. Published online December 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.6.05

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1 Citations

Abstract PDF

Objectives

Although cancer survival rates have increased, serious infection complications can arise in cancer patients. Candida can occur in various tissues and has significant effects on the prognosis of patients with cancer. Thus, we conducted an epidemiological study on Candida infections in patients with cancer admitted to the intensive care unit.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted in adult patients with cancer admitted to the intensive care unit between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2015. Candida infection status and predictive factors for mortality were examined in 634 patients.

Results

The predictive factors for mortality included the use of steroids, use of a central venous catheter or mechanical ventilator, and identification of Candida in the blood. Patients who stayed in the surgical and intensive care unit for more than 7 days had a lower risk of death than that in those with shorter days.

Conclusion

The present study shows that invasive procedures, bloodstream infections, and the use of steroids increase the risk of mortality in Candida-infected patients with cancer. To improve the quality of life and reduce mortality, further studies are needed on the factors affecting the risk of mortality associated with Candida infection.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Ionic Liquids with Anti-Candida and Anticancer Dual Activity as Potential N-Myristoyltransferase Inhibitors
Larysa Metelytsia, Maria Trush, Ivan Semenyuta, Sergiy Rogalsky, Oleksandr Kobzar, Larisa Kalashnikova, Volodymyr Blagodatny, Diana Hodyna
Current Bioactive Compounds.2020; 16(7): 1036. CrossRef

Review Article

Foodborne Infectious Diseases Mediated by Inappropriate Infection Control in Food Service Businesses and Relevant Countermeasures in Korea: Jong Myong Park, Young-Hyun You, Hyun-Min Cho, Ji Won Hong, Sa-Youl Ghim; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2017;8(3):159-168. Published online June 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.3.02

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32 Download
6 Citations

Abstract PDF

Objectives

The objective of this review is to propose an appropriate course of action for improving the guidelines followed by food handlers for control of infection. For this purpose, previous epidemiological reports related to acute gastroenteritis in food service businesses mediated by food handlers were intensively analyzed.

Methods

Relevant studies were identified in international databases. We selected eligible papers reporting foodborne infectious disease outbreaks. Among primary literature collection, the abstract of each article was investigated to find cases that absolutely identified a causative factor to be food handlers’ inappropriate infection control and the taxon of causative microbial agents by epidemiological methodologies. Information about the sites (type of food business) where the outbreaks occurred was investigated.

Results

A wide variety of causative microbial agents has been investigated, using several epidemiological methods. These agents have shown diverse propagation pathways based on their own molecular pathogenesis, physiology, taxonomy, and etiology.

Conclusion

Depending on etiology, transmission, propagation, and microbiological traits, we can predict the transmission characteristics of pathogens in food preparation areas. The infected food workers have a somewhat different ecological place in infection epidemiology as compared to the general population. However, the current Korean Food Safety Act cannot propose detailed guidelines. Therefore, different methodologies have to be made available to prevent further infections.

Citations

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Pilot study for the development of a screening questionnaire to detect sarcopenic obesity
D. J. Bissonnette, B. N. Burk, M. Hadley, P. Knoblich
International Journal of Obesity.2022; 46(7): 1328. CrossRef
Worker Protection Scenarios for General Analytical Testing Facility under Several Infection Propagation Risks: Scoping Review, Epidemiological Model and ISO 31000
Jong-Myong Park, Joong-Hee Cho, Nam-Soo Jun, Ki-In Bang, Ji-Won Hong
International Journal of Environmental Research an.2022; 19(19): 12001. CrossRef
Assessment of potential factors that support the endemicity of cholera in Nigeria from food handlers, health workers and the environment
Olufemi Samuel Amoo, Oluwatoyin Awoderu, Jacob Yisau, David Oladele, Aghata Nkiru David, Toyosi Raheem, Mabel Uwandu, Moses Bamidele , Toun Wuraola Fesobi, Adeshina AbdusSalam, Samuel Nduaga, Chinedum Taahie Oparaugo, Morakinyo Ajayi, Francisc
Microbiologia Medica.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
The Korean food franchise industry: Diverse development and conceptual definitions of a food safety managing body
Jong Myong Park, Jong Mun Kim, Ah Reum Lee, Hyun Min Cho, Ji Won Hong, Sa‐Youl Ghim
Journal of Food Safety.2019; 39(2): e12595. CrossRef
Microbial risks in food franchise: A step forward in establishing ideal cleaning and disinfection practices in SSOPs
Jong Myong Park, Ah Reum Lee, Ji Won Hong, Sa‐Youl Ghim
Journal of Food Safety.2019; 39(2): e12606. CrossRef
New procedures for food handlers under infectious gastrointestinal disease: To control emerging microbial problems
Jong Myong Park, Hyun Min Cho, Jong Mun Kim, Sa-Youl Ghim
Journal of Food Safety.2018; 38(5): e12481. CrossRef

Original Articles

Estimating Tuberculin Skin Test Reactions among Children and Teenagers Who Received the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Vaccination at Birth: A Meta-analysis: Mohammad Sadegh Rezai, Siavosh Abedi, Mahdi Afshari, Mahmood Moosazadeh; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2017;8(1):3-10. Published online February 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.1.02

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2 Citations

Abstract PDF

Objectives

Tuberculin skin reaction size is one indicator of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine efficacy and a way to diagnose latent infection. Several primary studies have examined this issue. Combining the results of these studies using a meta-analysis will provide reliable evidence regarding this indicator for policymakers. This study aimed to estimate the total frequency of different tuberculin skin test reactions among Iranian children and teenagers who received the BCG vaccination at birth.

Methods

National and international databanks were searched using relevant keywords. After the search strategy was restricted and duplicates were excluded, the titles and abstracts of the remaining papers were screened. All included studies included healthy children who received the BCG vaccine without confirmed tuberculosis exposure. Heterogeneity of the results was assessed using the Cochrane test and I² index showed the random effects model as the best model for estimating the pooled results.

Results

We combined the results of 14 primary studies including purified protein derivative reaction test measures of 26,281 Iranian children. The frequencies (95% confidence intervals) of the reactions were 8.5% (6.2–10.8) for patients with a reaction size ≥ 10 mm, 29.9% (22.3–37.4) for a reaction size of 5–9 mm, and 60% (48.9–71.1) for a reaction size < 5 mm.

Conclusion

Our study showed that large numbers of Iranian children and teens have no positive BCG vaccine reaction and a considerable number of children have been exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Citations

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Comparison of Serum Immunoglobulin Levels and Lymphocyte Counts in Children with Lymphadenitis Following BCG Vaccination
Leila Barati, Arash Kalantari, Jalaladdin Sheikh, Fateme-Sadat Tabatabaee, Farshid Kompani, Maryam Najafinejad, Ahmad Sohrabi, Fatemeh Cheraghali
Iranian Journal of Pediatrics.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Is latent tuberculosis infection challenging in Iranian health care workers? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Mohammad Hossein YektaKooshali, Farahnaz Movahedzadeh, Ali Alavi Foumani, Hoda Sabati, Alireza Jafari, HASNAIN SEYED EHTESHAM
PLOS ONE.2019; 14(10): e0223335. CrossRef

Epidemiological Characterization of Skin Fungal Infections Between the Years 2006 and 2010 in Korea: Sang-Ha Kim, Seung-Hak Cho, Seung-Ki Youn, Je-Seop Park, Jong Tae Choi, Young-Seok Bak, Young-Bin Yu, Young Kwon Kim; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2015;6(6):341-345. Published online December 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2015.10.012

3,131 View
23 Download
9 Citations

Abstract PDF

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to build and provide a basic database of skin fungal infections for the effective management of skin fungal infections in the future.
Methods
We collected health insurance data between the years 2006 and 2010 from the Health Insurance Corporation (Seoul, Korea) and analyzed the data to determine the prevalence and treatment management of skin fungal infections.
Results
Skin fungal infections were divided into two groups: namely dermatophytosis and other superficial mycoses. Dermatophytosis showed a higher prevalence (16,035,399 cases) than the other superficial mycoses (794,847 cases) within the study period. The prevalence rate decreased consecutively by 0.01% to 0.19% every year. The prevalence according to region showed that Jeolla-do had a high prevalence distribution. The prevalences in men and women were similar (7.01% vs. 6.26%). It is interesting to note that adults from the 50–79-year age group showed a higher prevalence than children and young adults. The average convalescence time (days) of dermatophytosis was longer than that of other superficial mycoses. The total medical expenses were also much higher in dermatophytosis than in the other superficial mycoses.
Conclusion
This study provides useful data for study trends of skin fungal infections.

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Bakhtawar Usman, Abdul Rehman, Iffat Naz, Muhammad Anees
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Daiane Flores Dalla Lana, Stefânia Neiva Lavorato, Laura Minussi Giuliani, Letícia Cruz, William Lopes, Marilene Henning Vainstein, Igor Camargo Fontana, Aline Rigon Zimmer, Murillo Araújo Freitas, Saulo Fernandes Andrade, Ricardo José Alves, Alexandre Me
Mycoses.2020; 63(2): 197. CrossRef
Voriconazole-natural latex dressings for treating infected Candida spp. skin ulcers
Thainá V da Silva, Natan R de Barros, Caroline B Costa-Orlandi, Jean L Tanaka, Lincoln G Moro, Giovana S Pegorin, Kassandra SM Oliveira, Maria JS Mendes-Gianinni, Ana M Fusco-Almeida, Rondinelli D Herculano
Future Microbiology.2020; 15(15): 1439. CrossRef
The Pathogenesis of Fungal-Related Diseases and Allergies in the African Population: The State of the Evidence and Knowledge Gaps
Lorraine Tsitsi Pfavayi, Elopy Nimele Sibanda, Francisca Mutapi
International Archives of Allergy and Immunology.2020; 181(4): 257. CrossRef
Medicinal Importance of Azo and Hippuric Acid Derivatives
Tehreem Tahir, Muhammad Ashfaq, Humna Asghar, Mirza I. Shahzad, Rukhsana Tabassum, Areeba Ashfaq
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry.2019; 19(9): 708. CrossRef
Evaluation of antifungal activity of blended cinnamon oil and usnic acid nanoemulsion using candidiasis and dermatophytosis models
Peeyush kumar, P.W. Ramteke, Avinash C. Pandey, Himanshu Pandey
Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology.2019; 18: 101062. CrossRef
A novel approach for skin infections: Controlled release topical mats of poly(lactic acid)/poly(ethylene succinate) blends containing Voriconazole
Neslihan Üstündağ Okur, Maria Filippousi, Mehmet Evren Okur, Şule Ayla, Emre Şefik Çağlar, Ayşegül Yoltaş, Panoraia I. Siafaka
Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology.2018; 46: 74. CrossRef
Serious fungal infections in Korea
K. Huh, Y. E. Ha, D. W. Denning, K. R. Peck
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infect.2017; 36(6): 957. CrossRef
Epidemiology of Fungal Infections in Patients Admitted via Emergency Department in Korea (2011~2013)
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Korean Journal of Medical Mycology.2016; 21(4): 111. CrossRef

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