<sec>
<title>Objectives</title>
<p>This study compared the socioeconomic status, medical use and expenditures for infants (1–5 years), juveniles (6–12 years), and adolescents (13–19 years) with a chronic condition or disease to determine factors affecting health spending.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Methods</title>
<p>Data from 3,677 minors (< 20 years old, without disabilities) were extracted from the Korea Health Panel (2015) database.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Results</title>
<p>Minors with chronic conditions or diseases were older (juveniles, and adolescents; <italic>p</italic> < 0.001), and included a higher proportion of Medicaid recipients (<italic>p</italic> = 0.004), a higher use of hospital outpatient care (<italic>p</italic> < 0.001), and higher medical expenditure (<italic>p</italic> < 0.001) compared to minors without chronic conditions or diseases. Boys were more likely to have a chronic condition or disease than girls (<italic>p</italic> = 0.036). Adolescents and juveniles were more likely than infants to have a chronic condition or disease (<italic>p</italic> = 0.001). Medicaid recipients were more likely to have a chronic condition or disease than those who were not Medicaid recipients (<italic>p</italic> = 0.008). Minors who had been hospital outpatients were more likely to have a chronic condition or disease, compared with minors who had not been an outpatient (<italic>p</italic> = 0.001). Having a chronic condition or disease, was a factor increasing medical expenditure (<italic>p</italic> = 0.001). Medical expenditure was higher in infants than in juveniles and adolescents (<italic>p</italic> = 0.001). Infants had higher rates of medical use when compared with juveniles and adolescents (<italic>p</italic> = 0.001).</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Conclusion</title>
<p>These findings suggest that systematic health care management for minors with chronic conditions or diseases, is needed.</p></sec>
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Household income and maternal education in early childhood and activity-limiting chronic health conditions in late childhood: findings from birth cohort studies from six countries Nicholas James Spencer, Johnny Ludvigsson, Yueyue You, Kate Francis, Yara Abu Awad, Wolfgang Markham, Tomas Faresjö, Jeremy Goldhaber-Fiebert, Pär Andersson White, Hein Raat, Fiona Mensah, Lise Gauvin, Jennifer J McGrath Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health.2022; 76(11): 939. CrossRef
<sec>
<title>Objectives</title>
<p>The aims of this study were to investigate the proportion of households facing catastrophic health expenditures based on household income quintiles, and to analyze the relationship between expenditures and household income quintile decline.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Methods</title>
<p>Study data were obtained from an annually conducted survey of the 2012–2013 Korean health panel. There were 12,909 subjects aged 20–64 years from economically active households, whose income quintile remained unchanged or declined by more than one quintile from 2012 to 2013. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine whether catastrophic health expenditures in 2012 were related to more than one quintile income decline in 2013.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Results</title>
<p>Households facing catastrophic health expenditures of ≥ 40%, ≥ 30%, and ≥ 10% of a household’s capacity to pay, were 1.58 times (<italic>p</italic> < 0.003), 1.75 times (<italic>p</italic> < 0.000), and 1.23 times (<italic>p</italic> < 0.001) more likely to face a decline in income quintile, respectively.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Conclusion</title>
<p>Over a 1 year period, the proportion of households facing more than one quintile income decline was 16.4%, while 2.1% to 2.5% of households in Korea faced catastrophic health expenditures. Catastrophic health expenditure experienced in 2012 was significantly associated with income quintile decline 1 year later. Therefore, lowering the proportion of households with catastrophic health expenditure may reduce the proportion of households with income quintiles decline.</p></sec>
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Chronic diseases and catastrophic health expenditures in elderly Chinese households: a cohort study Xueying Yao, Dandan Wang, Tiantian Zhang, Qian Wang BMC Geriatrics.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Socioeconomic Inequalities in Out-of-Pocket and Catastrophic Health Expenditures in Pakistan Saima Bashir, Shabana Kishwar, Muhammad Nasir, Shehzad Ali International Journal of Public Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of Depressive Symptoms With Health Service Use and Catastrophic Health Expenditure Among Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults: Analysis of Population-Based Panel Data Rui Yan, Lifeng Li, Xiaoran Duan, Jie Zhao Journal of the American Medical Directors Associat.2023; 24(5): 664. CrossRef
Out-of-pocket expenditure among patients with diabetes in Bangladesh: A nation-wide population-based study Zakir Hossain, Moriam Khanam, Abdur Razzaque Sarker Health Policy OPEN.2023; 5: 100102. CrossRef
Analysis of Factors Affecting the Awareness of the Health Care System Hyojeong Lee, Jihye Lim Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2023; 48(3): 242. CrossRef
Laos’ Social Health Insurance (SHI) program’s impact on older people’s accessibility and financial security against catastrophic health expense Somdeth Bodhisane, Sathirakorn Pongpanich BMC Health Services Research.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Gastos catastróficos em saúde: análise da associação com condições socioeconômicas em Minas Gerais, Brasil Jéssica de Brito Macedo, Alexandra Crispim Boing, Juliana Mara Andrade, Helton Saulo, Rodrigo Nobre Fernandez, Fabíola Bof de Andrade Ciência & Saúde Coletiva.2022; 27(1): 325. CrossRef
What Policy Approaches Were Effective in Reducing Catastrophic Health Expenditure? A Systematic Review of Studies from Multiple Countries HyunWoo Jung, Kwang-Soo Lee Applied Health Economics and Health Policy.2022; 20(4): 525. CrossRef
Elderly chronic diseases and catastrophic health expenditure: an important cause of Borderline Poor Families’ return to poverty in rural China Xiaocang Xu, Haoran Yang Humanities and Social Sciences Communications.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Does Elderly Chronic Disease Hinder the Sustainability of Borderline Poor Families’ Wellbeing: An Investigation From Catastrophic Health Expenditure in China Xiaocang Xu, Haoran Yang International Journal of Public Health.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The Relationship between Unmet Healthcare Needs Due to Financial Reasons and the Experience of Catastrophic Health Expenditures Jeong-Hee Kang, Chul-Woung Kim Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nurs.2021; 32(1): 95. CrossRef
Effect of financial stress on self-rereported health and quality of life among older adults in five developing countries: a cross sectional analysis of WHO-SAGE survey Rui Huang, Bishwajit Ghose, Shangfeng Tang BMC Geriatrics.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
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