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Original Articles
Association between lifestyle inflammation score and quality of life according to depressive symptom status: a cross-sectional study in the Republic of Korea
Jaegeun Cho, Eunvin Kang, Young-Joo Won
Received February 10, 2026  Accepted May 5, 2026  Published online June 2, 2026  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2026.0153    [Epub ahead of print]
Objectives
This study examined the association between lifestyle inflammation score (LIS) and health-related quality of life, assessed using the EuroQol-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) index, among adults in the Republic of Korea. It also evaluated whether depressive symptoms moderated this association.
Methods
Data from the 2024 Community Health Survey were analyzed, and 231,386 adults were included. LIS was calculated by integrating smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and body mass index. The dependent variable, quality of life, was assessed using the EQ-5D index. Depressive symptoms, the moderator variable, were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, with a score of ≥10 indicating depressive symptoms. Data were analyzed using complex-sample multivariable linear regression to examine interaction effects according to depressive symptom status, followed by simple-slope analyses.
Results
After adjustment for demographic and health-related variables, LIS was significantly and negatively associated with the EQ-5D index (β=–0.0069, p<0.001), indicating that higher levels of inflammation-related lifestyle behaviors were associated with poorer quality of life. Depressive symptoms significantly moderated the association between LIS and the EQ-5D index (β=–0.01727, p<0.001). Simple-slope analyses showed that the adverse association between LIS and quality of life was stronger among individuals with depressive symptoms (β=–0.02349) than among those without depressive symptoms (β=–0.00621).
Conclusion
Inflammation-related lifestyle behaviors were associated with reduced quality of life, and this negative association was stronger among individuals with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that considering both lifestyle-related inflammatory burden and depressive symptoms may help explain population-level differences in quality of life.
  • 138 View
  • 8 Download
Child health problems and social determinants as predictors of postpartum depression: a cross-sectional study using 2023 Indonesia Health Survey data
Tri Wurisastuti, Santi Martini
Received March 10, 2026  Accepted April 28, 2026  Published online May 27, 2026  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2026.0223    [Epub ahead of print]
Objectives
This study examined the predictive role of child health problems and social determinants in postpartum depression (PPD), with the aim of supporting early screening strategies and more comprehensive maternal health policies.
Methods
This cross-sectional study used secondary data from the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey, conducted by the Indonesian Ministry of Health. The analysis included 26,656 postpartum women aged at least 15 years who had given birth within the previous 24 months. PPD was assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the data.
Results
Child health problems were among the strongest factors associated with PPD in Indonesia. Having had an unplanned pregnancy was associated with higher odds of PPD (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.90–5.25; p<0.001), as was having a child with chronic illness (aOR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.01–5.26; p=0.048). Social risk factors, including younger maternal age, divorce or separation from a partner, unemployment, and lack of social support, were also associated with PPD in Indonesia.
Conclusion
Child health problems and adverse social conditions were significantly associated with postpartum mental health in Indonesia. Integrating early screening into maternal and child health services and strengthening maternal support systems may help reduce the burden of PPD.
  • 228 View
  • 16 Download
The impact of digital literacy on older adults’ self-rated health, depression, and life satisfaction: a cross-sectional study using 2023 National Survey of Older Koreans
Objectives
This study examined the associations between digital literacy and self-rated health (SRH), depression, and life satisfaction among older adults in the Republic of Korea.
Methods
Data were obtained from the 2023 National Survey of Older Koreans (n=9,951). Digital literacy was evaluated based on participants’ ability to use 8 smartphone functions and their perceived difficulty adapting to a digital society. Dependent variables included SRH, depression (measured using the short form of Geriatric Depression Scale), and life satisfaction (assessed through a composite score across 7 domains). Multiple logistic regression was applied for SRH and depression, while linear regression was conducted for life satisfaction, adjusting for sociodemographic and health-related covariates.
Results
Higher digital literacy was significantly associated with better SRH and greater life satisfaction. Compared to participants with no digital skills, those with moderate or high digital literacy had higher odds of reporting good SRH and significantly higher life satisfaction scores. Older adults who reported difficulty adapting to a digital society demonstrated significantly lower SRH and life satisfaction. However, after adjusting for covariates, the association between digital literacy and depression was not statistically significant.
Conclusion
Higher digital literacy is linked to better SRH and greater life satisfaction. Moreover, digital literacy reduced the explanatory power of socioeconomic variables, suggesting that it serves as an important behavioral determinant. These findings underscore the importance of promoting digital literacy as a means of improving health equity and well-being in aging populations.
  • 2,477 View
  • 142 Download
Effectiveness of a cognitive behavioral therapy program in stroke patients in the Republic of Korea: a mixed-methods study
So-Eun Choi, Deok-Ju Kim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(5):461-475.
Published online September 30, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0116
Effectiveness of a cognitive behavioral therapy program in stroke patients in the Republic of Korea: a mixed-methods study
Objectives
This study aimed to explore the effects of a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) program on stroke patients, as well as their experiences participating in the program. Methods: This study employed a mixed-methods design, integrating qualitative case studies with quantitative analysis. We included 20 stroke patients, randomly divided into 2 groups of 10 each: an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group underwent a CBT program comprising 20 sessions, in addition to receiving general occupational therapy. Conversely, the control group participated in meditation relaxation sessions alongside their general occupational therapy. Both interventions were administered daily for 60 minutes, 5 days a week, over a 4-week period. Results: After the intervention, the experimental group exhibited significant improvements in depression, anxiety, self-efficacy, and rehabilitation motivation (p<0.01, p<0.05). In contrast, the control group only demonstrated a significant reduction in anxiety (p<0.05). A comparison of the changes between the 2 groups showed significant differences in depression and anxiety (p<0.01), but no significant differences in self-efficacy and rehabilitation motivation (p>0.05). In-depth interviews with 10 participants from the experimental group were conducted and analyzed, revealing 4 core themes: “psychological stability,” “physical symptom relief,” “altered daily routines,” and “challenges and hopes for change.” Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that CBT programs may serve as a valuable intervention, offering psychological support and rehabilitation for stroke patients.
  • 6,001 View
  • 197 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
Associations of type and intensity of social participation with depression, self-rated health, and life satisfaction among community-dwelling older adults in the Republic of Korea: a nationwide cross-sectional study
Objectives
Social activities are important and influential factors for healthy aging. However, limited information is available regarding the associations of the type and intensity of social participation with health and well-being. This study aimed to investigate how various types of social activities are associated with several dimensions of health outcomes. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized data from the Seventh Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging, which included 5,526 adults aged 60 years and older. Multivariate linear regression analysis was employed to analyze the associations of social activities with depression, self-rated health, and life satisfaction. Additionally, subgroup analyses by sex and age were performed. Results: Among the participants, 73.5% reported involvement in at least 1 of the 4 types of social engagement. After adjustment for all covariates, individuals who participated in any social activity reported better self-rated health and higher life satisfaction compared to those who did not participate. However, the intensity of engagement in different social activities had varying impacts on subjective health outcomes. An increased level of participation was associated with a lower rate of depression and improved self-rated health. However, no significant differences were observed in the relationship between the intensity of participation in activities (with the exception of alumni societies or family councils) and life satisfaction. Conclusion: This study suggests that to improve their health, older adults in the Republic of Korea should not only engage in social activities but also do so actively and regularly.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Impact of Depression on Self-Rated Health Status among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Moderating Effects of Subjective Social Status and Formal Social Participation Using Data from the Ninth Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2022)
    Sohee Jung, Eunhee Yang, Soyoung Cha, Wonhee Baek
    Journal of Fundamental Nursing Science.2026; 33(1): 147.     CrossRef
  • Gender differences in advanced activities of daily living: evidence from the longitudinal study of health and aging in Mexico 2012–2018
    Martha A. Sánchez-Rodríguez, Mariano Zacarías-Flores, Lesly Estefanía Castañeda-Sánchez, Víctor Manuel Mendoza-Núñez
    Frontiers in Aging.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Associations Between Physical Activity, Body Perception, and Self-Rated Health in Korean Adults: An Analysis of the 2023 Korean Community Health Survey
    Geun-Kook Kim, Su-Yeon Roh, Sung-Ho Hwang
    Medicina.2025; 61(11): 1898.     CrossRef
  • 4,706 View
  • 113 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Factors affecting depression and health-related quality of life in the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic
Deok-Ju Kim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2023;14(6):520-529.
Published online November 16, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0166
Factors affecting depression and health-related quality of life in the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic
Objectives
This study investigated changes in the health behaviors of the elderly due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), concerns due to COVID-19, depression, and healthrelated quality of life (HRQOL), and aimed to identify factors that affect depression and HRQOL in the elderly. Methods: This study was conducted using data from the 2021 Community Health Survey of the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. From a total sample size of 229,242 individuals, 74,376 elderly people aged 65 or older were selected as subjects, and changes in health behaviors, concerns due to COVID-19, depression, and HRQOL were measured and analyzed. Results: The level of depression associated with sleep and fatigue was high. The lowest HRQOL was related to physical pain and discomfort, while the most common concerns were related to economic difficulties. Factors influencing depression included worries about infection and economic harm, while factors impacting HRQOL encompassed concerns about infection, economic harm, and criticism from others. Conclusion: If an infectious disease situation such as COVID-19 reoccurs in the future, it will be necessary to encourage participation in hybrid online and offline programs at senior welfare centers. This should also extend to community counseling institutions like mental health welfare centers. Additionally, establishing connections with stable senior job projects can help to mitigate the effects of social interaction restrictions, physical and psychological health issues, and economic difficulties experienced by the elderly.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • A comparison of health-related quality of life using the World Health Organization Quality of Life–BREF and 5-Level EuroQol-5 Dimensions in the Malaysian population
    Andrian Liem, Hui Jun Chih, Vithya Velaithan, Richard Norman, Daniel Reidpath, Tin Tin Su
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2025; 16(2): 126.     CrossRef
  • The impact of urban agglomeration planning on depression in older adults
    Ya Liu, Li Yan, Yujue Wang, Xiaotang Tang, Ming Gao, Jiayu Yang, Zuoyan Liu, Xiuying Hu
    Frontiers in Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 4,499 View
  • 109 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Mental health and its determinants among adolescents living in families with separated or divorced parents in an urban area of Vietnam
Binh Thang Tran, Minh Tu Nguyen, Minh Tam Nguyen, Thanh Gia Nguyen, Vo Nu Hong Duc, Thi Tra My Tran
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2023;14(4):300-311.
Published online August 9, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0110
Mental health and its determinants among adolescents living in families with separated or divorced parents in an urban area of Vietnam
Objectives
We assessed the prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression among adolescents living in families with separated or divorced parents in Hue City, Vietnam and identified factors associated with these conditions.
Methods
This cross-sectional study enrolled 309 adolescents, aged 12 to 17 years, living in families with separated or divorced parents in Hue City, Vietnam. The depression anxiety stress scale-21 (DASS-21) was used to measure stress, anxiety, and depression. Predictors of overall and individual mental health problems were identified using ordered and binary logistic regression, respectively.
Results
The DASS-21 scale revealed a 49.2% prevalence of stress, while anxiety and depression had s prevalence rates of 61.5%. Among participants, 42.4% experienced all 3 mental health issues. Several factors were identified as significant predictors of mental health problems, including poor to average economic status (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21–3.31; p=0.007); being in high school (aOR, 5.02; 95% CI, 2.93–8.60; p<0.001); maternal occupation of teacher, healthcare professional, or official (aOR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.13–5.03; p=0.022); longer duration of family separation or divorce (aOR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.05–1.45; p=0.009); living with one’s mother (aOR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.03–2.76; p=0.04); alcohol consumption (aOR, 1.70; 95% CI, 0.99–2.92; p=0.050); and being bullied (aOR, 5.33; 95% CI, 1.10–25.69; p=0.037). Most of these factors were associated with stress, anxiety, and depression. Additionally, smoking was associated with stress.
Conclusion
Adolescents with separated or divorced parents were at increased risk of stress, anxiety, and depression. The findings of this study provide important implications for prevention programs.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Predictors and Protective Factors of Mental Health Outcomes Among Indonesian Adolescents: An SCT-Based Multi-Center Study
    Rika Sarfika, I Made Moh. Yanuar Saifudin, Anggi Lukman Wicaksana, Hema Malini, Bunga Permata Wenny, Atih Rahayuningsih, Nindy Eka Wijaya, Dewi Eka Putri, Khatijah Lim Abdullah
    International Journal of Social Psychiatry.2026; 72(3): 582.     CrossRef
  • Concurrent stunting and overweight/obesity among Generation Z adolescent girls in East Java: analysis of the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey
    Margareta Dias Listiyawati, Sintha Fransiske Simanungkalit, Firlia Ayu Arini, Hendry Roris P. Sianturi
    Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition.2026; 21(3): 441.     CrossRef
  • The impact of parental absence on the mental health of middle school students in rural areas of Western China
    Xiaohong Ren, Cen Lin, Lu Pan, Qiuyue Fan, Dapeng Wu, JinLong He, Ping He, Jiaming Luo
    Frontiers in Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Bullying Victimization and its associated Factors among Adolescents in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia: A Cross-sectional Study
    I Wayan Alap, Fauzan Fauzan, Diah Karmiyati, Arif Budi Wurianto, Ribut Wahyu Eriyanti, Ria Arista Asih, I Made Moh. Yanuar Saifudin
    The Open Psychology Journal.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Mental health among ethnic minority adolescents in Vietnam and correlated factors: A cross-sectional study
    Ngo Anh Vinh, Vu Thi My Hanh, Do Thi Bich Van, Duong Anh Tai, Do Minh Loan, Le Thi Thanh Thuy
    Journal of Affective Disorders Reports.2024; 17: 100795.     CrossRef
  • Subgrouping of anxiety symptoms and stress levels in Chinese adolescents: results of a latent profile analysis
    Xuefeng Li, Jingyan Chen, Jinpeng Wang, Jinhong Ding, Jing Xiao
    Current Psychology.2024; 43(36): 28685.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and risk factors associated with psychological distress among children in Penang, Malaysia: A stratified multistage cluster study
    Xin Yee Foo, Nur Arzuar Abdul Rahim, Lai Kuan Lee
    MethodsX.2024; 13: 103069.     CrossRef
  • 12,252 View
  • 371 Download
  • 7 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Sex differences in the relationship between depression and cardiovascular disease risk: a nationwide study in Korea
Seol-bin Kim, Ihn Sook Jeong
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2021;12(2):105-114.
Published online April 29, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.12.2.08
Objectives
This study aimed to identify sex differences in the association between depression and the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Methods
A secondary analysis was conducted of data from the fifth to seventh waves (2010−2018) of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The participants were adults aged 30−74 years who had no diagnosis of CVD. The CVD risk was calculated using the Framingham Risk Score algorithm. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify the association between depression and CVD risk using a complex sample design.
Results
The mean CVD risk was higher in males and females with current depression (14.72% vs. 6.35%, respectively) than in males without current depression (11.67% and 4.42%, respectively). Current depression showed a significant association with CVD risk after controlling for only health-related characteristics, but the significance disappeared in both males and females when demographic characteristics were additionally controlled.
Conclusion
The presence of depression was not associated with CVD risk regardless of sex after controlling for confounding factors. Further studies are recommended to investigate the relationship between depression and CVD risk in a larger sample of both males and females with depression.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Sex-specific associations between depressive symptoms and cardiovascular risk among middle-aged and older adults without standard modifiable risk factors: Evaluating the ‘SMuRF-less but depressed’
    Lu Zhai, Jue-Ling Wei, Rong-Rui Huo, Xue-Mei You
    General Hospital Psychiatry.2026; 99: 43.     CrossRef
  • Sex-specific risks for cardiovascular disease across the specific depressive symptoms spectrum: A national prospective cohort study
    Yu-Hua Liu, Lu Zhai, Rong-Rui Huo, Cui Ma
    General Hospital Psychiatry.2025; 94: 37.     CrossRef
  • Sex Differences in the Association Between Depression and Incident Cardiovascular Disease
    Keitaro Senoo, Hidehiro Kaneko, Kensuke Ueno, Yuta Suzuki, Akira Okada, Katsuhito Fujiu, Taisuke Jo, Norifumi Takeda, Hiroyuki Morita, Kentaro Kamiya, Junya Ako, Koichi Node, Hideo Yasunaga, Issei Komuro
    JACC: Asia.2024; 4(4): 279.     CrossRef
  • Sex Differences in the Association of Depression Symptoms and Cardiovascular Disease in Adults in the United States
    Bhaskar Thakur, Chance Strenth, Elizabeth Mayfield Arnold, Frank David Schneider
    American Journal of Health Promotion.2024; 38(8): 1199.     CrossRef
  • 11,197 View
  • 122 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Gender Difference in the Association Between E-Cigarette Use and Depression among US Adults
Baksun Sung
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2021;12(1):13-19.
Published online February 23, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.12.1.03
<sec> <title>Objectives</title> <p>The objective of this study was to determine the association between e-cigarette use and depression and examine how this association is different by gender among US adults.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>Data from the 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and Selected Metropolitan/Micropolitan Area Risk Trends was used, and included 174,351 of 230,875 US adults aged 18 years and older. Data were analyzed using the multivariate logistic regression models.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Results</title> <p>After adjusting for age, race, education, income, marital status, employment status, smoking status, and physical activity, firstly, “current daily e-cigarette users” (AOR = 2.487, <italic>p</italic> < 0.001), “current non-daily e-cigarette users” (AOR = 1.623, <italic>p</italic> < 0.001), and “former e-cigarette users” (AOR = 1.573, <italic>p</italic> < 0.001) were associated with increased odds of depression compared with “never e-cigarette users.” Secondly, women were associated with increased odds of depression compared with men (AOR = 1.797, <italic>p</italic> < 0.001). Finally, male “current daily e-cigarette users” (AOR = 1.366, <italic>p</italic> < 0.01) were associated with increased odds of depression compared with female “never e-cigarette users.”</p></sec> <sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>Thus, even though women tend to be more vulnerable to depression compared with men, e-cigarette use was positively associated with depression among both men and women.</p></sec>

Citations

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  • Smoking, vaping, and mental health: impacts on anxiety, depression, and impulsivity
    Abdelrahman A. Assaf, Osama I. Younes
    Tanta Medical Journal.2026; 54(1): 32.     CrossRef
  • Oral Health Perceptions and Self-reported Oral Problems among E-cigarette, Conventional, and Dual Smokers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
    Rasha Nesha Alotaibi, Sarah Abdulaziz Alsalamah, Haya Nasser Bin Tuwaim, Shaimaa Murdhi Alenezi
    Letters in Medical Sciences.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Patterns of Alcohol, Cannabis, and E-Cigarette Use/Co-Use and Mental Health Among U.S. College Students
    Camillia K. Lui, Wura Jacobs, Joshua S. Yang
    Substance Use & Misuse.2025; 60(1): 108.     CrossRef
  • THE IMPACT OF ELECTRONIC NICOTINE DELIVERY DEVICES ON PHYSICAL, MENTAL AND SOCIAL WELL-BEING OF THE YOUNG POPULATION
    Sokolova P.V., Olsufieva A.V., Orliuk M.A., Boronikhina T.V., Vodolagin M.V., Polukhin N.V.
    "Medical & pharmaceutical journal "Pulse".2025; : 60.     CrossRef
  • Association between e-cigarette use behaviors and perceived harmfulness of e-cigarettes and anxiety/depression symptoms among Black/African American Adults
    David Adzrago, Kayo Fujimoto, Melissa B. Harrell, Antwan Jones, J. Michael Wilkerson
    Preventive Medicine Reports.2023; 31: 102080.     CrossRef
  • Association between E-Cigarette Use Behaviors and Anxiety/Depression among Black/African American Adults Based on Sexual Identity
    David Adzrago, Melissa B. Harrell, Kayo Fujimoto, Antwan Jones, J. Michael Wilkerson
    International Journal of Environmental Research an.2023; 20(3): 2078.     CrossRef
  • The Association Between Nicotine Dependence and Mental Health in the General Population of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study
    Danah Abdullah Albarrak, Abdulrahman Bandar Alotaibi, Roaa Faisal Alotaibi, Sara Hussain Alramadhan, Alhanouf Ibrahim Bin Muhanna, Abdulrahman Mohammed Aldehan, Khalid A Bin Abdulrahman
    International Journal of General Medicine.2023; Volume 16: 5801.     CrossRef
  • Use of electronic vaping products and mental health among adolescent high school students in the United States: The moderating effect of sex
    Philip Baiden, Hannah S. Szlyk, Patricia Cavazos-Rehg, Henry K. Onyeaka, JaNiene E. Peoples, Erin Kasson
    Journal of Psychiatric Research.2022; 147: 24.     CrossRef
  • 13,619 View
  • 191 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • Crossref
A Study on the Physical Activities, Mental Health, and Health-Related Quality of Life of Osteoarthritis Patients
Deok-Ju Kim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2019;10(6):368-375.
Published online December 31, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.6.07
<sec> <title>Objectives</title> <p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the physical activities, mental health, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of osteoarthritis patients.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>This study was conducted using data from the first year of the 7<sup>th</sup> Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. There were 8,150 participants included in the survey, and 665 participants had been diagnosed with osteoarthritis. This study analyzed the measurements of physical activities, depression, and HRQOL in participants with osteoarthritis.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Results</title> <p>The mean age of the participants was 67 ± 9.9 years and 83.1% were female. Participants rarely engaged in work-related physical activity, and engaged in leisure-related physical activities infrequently. Most of the participants (85.9%) did not do regular exercise, but 1/3 of the participants walked for over 10 minutes a day. “Pain/discomfort” had the least impact upon HRQOL, and among the depression subcategories, “difficult to sleep and tiredness” had the most impact. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that an adverse HRQOL score was statistically significantly associated with “location changes/physical activities” (<italic>p</italic> < 0. 01), “depression” (<italic>p</italic> < 0.001) and “age” (<italic>p</italic> < 0.001).</p></sec> <sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>Exercise programs should be in place which are manageable in everyday life for the elderly (> 65 years). Changes in daily routine so that patients become more active, should be supported by the family and community, together with assistance in managing psychological problems such as depression.</p></sec>

Citations

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  • Differential Health Effects of Occupational and Leisure-Time Physical Activity: A Korean Perspective Review
    Bart Cillekens, Pieter Coenen, P. Paul F.M. Kuijer
    Physical Therapy Korea.2026; 33(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Mental health and health-related quality of life among adults with osteoarthritis: A national population-based study
    Monira Alwhaibi, Tariq M. Alhawassi, Zulkarnain Jaafar
    PLOS One.2025; 20(6): e0325780.     CrossRef
  • Evaluating home-based personalised virtual reality physiotherapy rehabilitation compared with usual care in the treatment of pain for people with knee osteoarthritis: protocol for a randomised feasibility study
    Mohammad Al-Amri, Samuel Bird, Denise-Teodora Nistor, Judith White, Kate Button, Martin Warner, David Walsh, Dione Shorten, Rose Evans
    BMJ Open.2025; 15(10): e102994.     CrossRef
  • Sedentary behaviour interventions in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis: a systematic scoping review of intervention content, perceived acceptability and efficacy
    Florentia Kitas, Carolyn Greig, Jet Veldhuijzen van Zanten, Sally A. M. Fenton
    BMC Rheumatology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and Predictors of Depression in Women with Osteoarthritis: Cross-Sectional Analysis of Nationally Representative Survey Data
    Ananya Ravi, Elisabeth C. DeMarco, Sarah Gebauer, Michael P. Poirier, Leslie J. Hinyard
    Healthcare.2024; 12(5): 502.     CrossRef
  • A scalable 12-week exercise and education programme reduces symptoms and improves function and wellbeing in people with hip and knee osteoarthritis
    Jemma L. Smith, Aidan Q. Innes, Danielle S. Burns, Davina Deniszczyc, James Selfe, Stephen MacConville, Kevin Deighton, Benjamin M. Kelly
    Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Special Issue on Biomechanical and Biomedical Factors of Knee Osteoarthritis
    Hanatsu Nagano
    Applied Sciences.2022; 12(22): 11807.     CrossRef
  • Investigation on the association between diabetes distress and productivity among patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus in the primary healthcare institutions
    Yingqi Xu, Gabrielle Yin Yern Tong, Joyce Yu-Chia Lee
    Primary Care Diabetes.2020; 14(5): 538.     CrossRef
  • 10,026 View
  • 273 Download
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Body Weight Misperception and Psychological Distress Among Children and Adolescents: The CASPIAN-V Study
Roya Riahi, Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh, Ramin Heshmat, Mostafa Qorbani, Seyede Shahrbanoo Daniali, Roya Kelishadi
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2019;10(5):315-324.
Published online October 31, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.5.08
<sec> <title>Objectives</title> <p>Misperception of weight status is a risk factor that affects psychological health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between weight misperception patterns and psychological distress among Iranian children and adolescents.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>This was a cross-sectional nationwide study where data was collected from 14,440 students, aged 7–18 years who participated in the national school-based surveillance program (CASPIAN-V). The students’ weight perception and psychological distress were assessed by validated questionnaires. Weight misperception was classified as misperception of being either underweight or overweight with respect to actual weight.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Results</title> <p>The rate of weight misperception in all study participants was 59.1%. In groups with a perception of being underweight or overweight, the risks of worthlessness, being worried, experiencing aggression, insomnia, or depression, were significantly higher than groups with an accurate weight perception (<italic>p</italic> < 0.05). The risk of anxiety in girls of normal weight who perceived themselves as underweight, decreased by 57% compared to girls with an accurate weight perception (OR: 0.43; 95% CI, 0.28–0.66).</p></sec> <sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>Weight misperception is highly prevalent among Iranian children and adolescents and is associated with their psychological health status. Appropriate education intervention needs to be developed to improve the children and adolescents’ perception of their body weight status.</p></sec>

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Weight misperception and non-fatal suicidal behaviors among U.S. adolescents: A V-shaped association and gender differences
    Zhuojun Yu, Xinxin Zhu
    Journal of Affective Disorders.2026; 392: 120160.     CrossRef
  • The Association Between Affect and Adiposity in Childhood and Adolescence: A Systematic Review
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Gender Differences in Harmful Use of Alcohol Among Korean Adults
Eunok Park, Yeon Sook Kim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2019;10(4):205-214.
Published online August 31, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.4.02
<sec> <title>Objectives</title> <p>Harmful alcohol consumption is associated with considerable social and economic damage to individuals and society. Because gender and ethnic background influence alcohol intake differently, examining gender specific factors influencing harmful drinking is necessary. This study investigated gender differences in alcohol consumption, harmful drinking, and the associated factors among Korean adults.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>We analyzed the data from the 2012–2015 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Data from survey participants aged 20–64 years (<italic>N</italic> = 18,581) were included. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test was used for alcohol dependence, and pooled weights were used. Chi-squared tests and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Results</title> <p>The prevalence of harmful alcohol use (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test score ≥ 16) was 10.7% in the total sample; 18.4% in men and 3.4% in women, which constituted a significant difference. Education, marital status, smoking, perceived stress, and depressive feeling were associated with harmful drinking in both genders. However, household income, occupation, and perceived health status were associated with harmful drinking only in men.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>Since there are gender differences in harmful drinking and alcohol dependence, gender tailored prevention and intervention strategies for alcohol dependence are necessary including consideration of smoking, stress, and depressive feeling.</p></sec>

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<sec> <title>Objectives</title> <p>The aim of this study was to compare the sociodemographic characteristics, depression, and the health-related quality of life outcome, among the Korean elderly population, with and without activity limitation.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>The data used was drawn from the raw data of the seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (<italic>N</italic> = 8,150). There were 1,632 records for individuals aged 65 or older extracted from the seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database, 199 of those had missing responses (<italic>n</italic> = 1,433). Differences within the sociodemographic characteristic, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the EuroQol-5 Dimension were analyzed using logistic regression analysis according to the presence or absence of activity limitation.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Results</title> <p>The prevalence of activity limitation among the elderly individuals surveyed was 19.9%. In the unadjusted regression analysis, the odds ratios of all independent variables (age, gender, education level, type of region, family income, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, all 5 domains of the EuroQol-5 Dimension) between the elderly individuals with and without activity limitation, were significant. Although, in the adjusted logistic regression analysis, it was observed that the only factors that were significantly associated with activity limitation were the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, EuroQol-5 Dimension, type of region, and family income.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>These findings demonstrated that activity limitation in elderly individuals is associated with the sociodemographic characteristics of family income and type of region of residence, as well as depression and the health-related quality of life outcome.</p></sec>

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  • Higher physical activity is associated with lower activity limitation: Cross-sectional analyses among the Spanish working population
    R. López-Bueno, G.F. López-Sánchez, L. Smith, E. Sundstrup, L.L. Andersen, J.A. Casajús
    Science & Sports.2023; 38(3): 247.     CrossRef
  • Self-Reported Reasons for Activity Limitations According to Age and Sex in Community-Dwelling Stroke Survivors
    Young-Ah Choi, Yeo Hyung Kim
    Healthcare.2023; 11(10): 1420.     CrossRef
  • Comparative analysis of health status and health service utilization patterns among rural and urban elderly populations in Hungary: a study on the challenges of unhealthy aging
    Nora Kovacs, Peter Piko, Attila Juhasz, Csilla Nagy, Beatrix Oroszi, Zoltan Ungvari, Roza Adany
    GeroScience.2023; 46(2): 2017.     CrossRef
  • Associations between Depressive Symptoms and Satisfaction with Meaningful Activities in Community-Dwelling Japanese Older Adults
    Michio Maruta, Hyuma Makizako, Yuriko Ikeda, Hironori Miyata, Atsushi Nakamura, Gwanghee Han, Suguru Shimokihara, Keiichiro Tokuda, Takuro Kubozono, Mitsuru Ohishi, Kounosuke Tomori, Takayuki Tabira
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2020; 9(3): 795.     CrossRef
  • 9,373 View
  • 73 Download
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<sec> <title>Objectives</title> <p>The objective was to identify restricted physical activity in patients with depression, and to determine the effects of that restricted activity, on their health-related quality of life (HRQOL).</p></sec> <sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>Data was analysed from Year 1 of the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII-1). From a total sample of 8,150 subjects, 277 adults aged ≥19 years who were diagnosed with depression were selected. The results were derived using restricted activity and HRQOL data measured from the subjects.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Results</title> <p>Most of the participants were females ≥ 50 years old. HRQOL scores were high in the “self-care” dimension and low in the “pain/discomfort” and “anxiety/depression” dimensions. Their restricted activity due to illness in the past year, led to increases in participants being bedridden or absent from work. Many participants reported being bedridden for more than 3 months. A higher number of absences owing to illness in the past year, and longer durations of being bedridden, had a negative impact on HRQOL. Age, marital status, educational level, income level, and occupation were the sociodemographic variables that had an impact on HRQOL.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>Patients with depression experiencing stress in their daily lives should take measures to avoid illness and pain that may lead to them becoming bedridden, and employ lifestyle habits with support from families and community health promotion centres, where mental health counselling can be accessed.</p></sec>

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  • 119 Download
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Regional Differences of Mental Health Status and Associated Factors: Based on the Community Health Survey
Ji Hye Lim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2018;9(4):175-184.
Published online August 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2018.9.4.06
<sec> <title>Objectives</title> <p>The aim of this study was to determine whether there were differences in mental health specific to regions in Korea, and the factors that affected mental health status.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>Data from the 2016 Community Health Survey in Korea were used; 224,421 health survey participants provided responses on mental health issues, demographics, and health behavior, and were included in the study.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Results</title> <p>A statistically significant difference was observed in the incidence of mental health status between different regions of Korea. Independent variables that affected mental health were sex, age, marital status, household income, economic activity, whether living with dementia patients, self-reported health status, smoking, alcohol drinking, sleep time, and chronic diseases. Risk factors associated with symptoms of depression were gender (female), bereavement or being divorced, low household income, family member with dementia, poor self-reported health status, currently smoking, level of physical activity, insufficient hours of sleep and suffering from chronic diseases.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>This study suggests that a standardized healthcare policy is needed to reduce regional variation in mental health. In the future, similar studies that include medical expenses for mental healthcare and relevant variables according to regions of Korea should be conducted.</p></sec>

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    Suvasish Das Shuvo, Ambika Charan Mandal, Lisa Khanum, Md Abu Bashar, Deepa Roy, Dipak Kumar Paul
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    Jong-Hoon Moon
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    Soo Kyung Koo
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2018; 9(4): 141.     CrossRef
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  • 68 Download
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Effects of Physical Activity on Depression in Adults with Diabetes
Deok-Ju Kim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2018;9(4):143-149.
Published online August 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2018.9.4.02
<sec> <title>Objectives</title> <p>The purpose of this study was to identify the current state of physical activity in adults with diabetes and to investigate the effect of physical activity on depression.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>The present study was conducted using data from the 2<sup>nd</sup> year of the 6<sup>th</sup> Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. From the total of 7,550 individuals, 418 adults diagnosed with diabetes were selected as participants, and their physical activity and depression levels were examined.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Results</title> <p>The physical activity status of the participants showed that they did not usually engage in physical activities at work, and only a few participants were involved in moderate intensity physical leisure activity. Apart from walking for 10 minutes each day, which accounted for 1/3 of the participants, most of the participants did not engage in specific forms of exercise. An examination of the effects of physical activity on depression revealed that moderate intensity physical activity at work and leisure influenced depression. In terms of demographic characteristics, gender, occupation, income quintile, and subjective health status were all found to affect depression.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>For elderly (60 years or older) patients with diabetes, which accounted for the majority of the diabetic population, a systematic leisure program and professional education are necessary to help them to manage stress and depression in daily life. Additionally, provision of community and family support should encourage regular, moderate intensity exercise and promote lifestyle changes to encourage increased physical activity.</p></sec>

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    Damián Pereira-Payo, Carmen Galán-Arroyo, Jorge Pérez-Gómez, Marco Batista
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    Djoko Priyono, Sanghee Kim, Md. Feroz Kabir
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    Su Yeon Jeong
    Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2024; 49(4): 325.     CrossRef
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Sex-based Association between Depression and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Middle-aged and Older Adults
Jin Suk Ra, Hye Sun Kim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2017;8(2):130-137.
Published online April 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.2.05
<sec><title>Objectives</title><p>This study aimed to identify the sex-based association between depression and the development of metabolic syndrome (Mets) among middle-aged and older Korean adults.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>A cross-sectional design was used for the secondary analysis of the 2010–2014 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Data from 1,938 men and 2,404 women were analyzed. Mets was defined in accordance with the criteria used for clinical diagnosis. Depression was assessed with a question about having clinical depression. The association between depression and the development of Mets with or without adjustment for covariates was identified by conducting logistic regression analysis on weighted data using a complex sample procedure.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>More women than men had depression. Before covariate adjustment, depression was significantly associated with the development of Mets among women (odds ratio [OR], 1.586; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.152–2.183) and with a higher triglyceride level among men (OR, 1.679; 95% CI, 1.001–2.818). After covariate adjustment; depression was significantly associated with higher waist circumference among women (adjusted OR [AOR], 1.532; 95% CI, 1.046–2.245) and higher triglyceride level (AOR, 1.511; 95% CI, 1.029–2.219) than was Mets. Conversely, depression did not have significant effects on the development of Mets among men.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Depression was associated with the development of Mets among middle-aged and older Korean women. Healthcare providers in communities should assess women with depression for the presence of Mets components. Interventions for relieving depressive symptoms should also be provided to women at risk for Mets.</p></sec>

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  • 7,578 View
  • 65 Download
  • Crossref
Objectives
This study investigated the status of sexual identity, perceived stigma, stress, depression, and suicidal ideation and attempts. It also examined how sexual identity and “coming out” affect stress, depression, and suicidal ideation and attempts.
Methods
Suicidal ideation, psychological health status, and health-related behaviors were assessed using the Internet to maximize the confidentiality of the participants, men who have sex with men (MSM). The data were collected from a total of 873 MSM aged between 19 years and 59 years in 2014.
Results
Only 20.9% of the MSM had come out (18.0% voluntarily and 2.9% by others). The prevalences of perceived stress and depression among MSM were 46.7% and 42.7%, respectively, compared with 20.1% and 7.4% among general men. Approximately 32% of the MSM reported any suicidal ideation, and 3.3% had attempted suicide in the past year. The likelihood of suicidal ideation was significantly associated with being age 30–39 years [odds ratio (OR) = 1.8], high school or less (OR = 1.6), having been outed (OR = 5.2), feeling stressed (OR = 1.8), and feeling depressed (OR = 12.4) after sociodemographic factors and other perceptions were controlled for.
Conclusion
The present study provides evidence that MSM are at an elevated risk for suicidal ideation and attempts with high stress and depression. Some risk factors were specific to being gay or bisexual in a hostile environment.

Citations

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Depression among Korean Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Ansan-Community-Based Epidemiological Study
Chan Young Park, So Young Kim, Jong Won Gil, Min Hee Park, Jong-Hyock Park, Yeonjung Kim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2015;6(4):224-232.
Published online August 31, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2015.05.004
Objectives
There are an increasing number of studies being carried out on depression in patients with diabetes. Individuals with diabetes have been reported as having a higher prevalence of depression compared to those without diabetes. However, only a few studies involving Korean patients have been conducted. The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence of depression and to find various risk factors according to the degree of depression among Korean patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods
An Ansan-community-based epidemiological study was conducted from 2005 to 2012. The total number of participants in this study was 3,540, from which patients with diabetes (<i>n</i> = 753) have been selected. The presence of depression was evaluated using the Beck Depression Inventory total score.
Results
The prevalence of depression was 28.8%. The mean age of participants was 55.5 ± 8.2 years. We divided the participants into three groups (without-depression, moderate-depression, and severe-depression groups) to examine the depression prevalence among Korean T2DM patients. The unemployed participants had 2.40 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21–4.76], the low-income participants had 2.57 (95% CI 1.52–4.35), the participants using an oral diabetes medicine or insulin had 2.03 (95% CI 1.25–3.32), the participants who are currently smoking had 2.03 (95% CI 1.10–3.73), and those without regular exercise had 1.91 (95% CI 1.17–3.14) times higher odds of depression in the severe-depression group, compared with the without-depression group.
Conclusion
There was a significant association between depression prevalence and diabetes, and we found various risk factors according to the degree of depression in Korean patients with T2DM.

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Exposure–Response Relationship Between Aircraft Noise and Sleep Quality: A Community-based Cross-sectional Study
Soo Jeong Kim, Sang Kug Chai, Keou Won Lee, Jae-Beom Park, Kyoung-Bok Min, Hyun Gwon Kil, Chan Lee, Kyung Jong Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2014;5(2):108-114.
Published online April 30, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.03.004
Objectives
Exposure to aircraft noise has been shown to have adverse health effects, causing annoyance and affecting the health-related quality of life, sleep, and mental states of those exposed to it. This study aimed to determine sleep quality in participants residing near an airfield and to evaluate the relationship between the levels of aircraft noise and sleep quality.
Methods
Neighboring regions of a military airfield were divided into three groups: a high exposure group, a low exposure group, and a control group. A total of 1082 participants (aged 30–79 years) completed a comprehensive self-administered questionnaire requesting information about demographics, medical history, lifestyle, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.
Results
Of the 1082 participants, 1005 qualified for this study. The prevalence of sleep disturbance was 45.5% in the control group, 71.8% in the low exposure group, and 77.1% in the high exposure group (<i>p</i> for trend < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, we determined the exposure–response relationship between the degree of aircraft noise and sleep quality. Of the participants with a normal mental status, the prevalence of sleep disturbance was 2.61-fold higher in the low exposure group and 3.52-fold higher in the high exposure group than in the control group.
Conclusion
The relationship between aircraft noise and health should be further evaluated through a large-scale follow-up study.

Citations

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The Impact of Emergency Room Utilization by Depression Patients on Medical Treatment Expense in Korea
Hyun Sook Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2013;4(5):240-245.
Published online October 31, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2013.09.007
Objectives
To investigate the determinants of total medical expense for depression patients admitted through the emergency room (ER).
Methods
Data were selected from the Korean National Health Insurance sample data for 2009. SPSS version 18 was used for the statistical analysis such as descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. Data included 1203 cases admitted through the ER with ICD-10 codes (F31–F39).
Results
In the multiple regression analysis, significant variables affecting total payment were gender (<i>p</i> < 0.001), age (<i>p</i> < 0.001), main illness (<i>p</i> < 0.001), course of admission to the ER (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and length of stay (<i>p</i> < 0.001).
Conclusion
It is necessary to build a long-term program and system for high-risk depression groups.

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