Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives

Original Article

Factors associated with malaria infection in under-5 children in Papua Province, Indonesia: an observational study: Betty Roosihermiatie, Gurendro Putro, Arga Setyo Adji, Windy Tri Yuana, Selma Arsit Selto Siahaan, Rukmini Rukmini, Rustika Rustika; Received May 24, 2024 Accepted October 23, 2024 Published online November 28, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0152 [Epub ahead of print]

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Abstract PDF: Objectives
Malaria remains a serious public health challenge in tropical and subtropical regions, including Indonesia. Children under 5 years old face particular risk of contracting malaria due to low immunity. We examined potential factors associated with malaria infection among under-5 children in Papua Province, Indonesia.
Methods
The study utilized secondary data from Indonesia Basic Health Research 2018. Multistage random sampling was employed, from the province level to census blocks (CBs). In Papua Province, interviews were conducted in 928 CBs. All 2,745 under-5 children were selected. The dependent variable was laboratory-confirmed malaria positivity; independent factors included residential area, socioeconomic characteristics, and behaviors such as sleeping under an insecticide net impregnated ≤3 years ago and the use of ventilation barriers. We also examined the conditions of the bedroom, kitchen, and living room according to the frequency of window-opening, proportion of ventilation area to the floor, and radiance.
Results
Not sleeping under an insecticide net impregnated within the last 3 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.518; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.391–0.685; p<0.001); having a kitchen without windows (aOR, 0.491; 95% CI, 0.285–0.844; p=0.01); rarely opening the living room window (aOR, 2.804; 95% CI, 1.232–6.383; p=0.01), and having a windowless living room (aOR, 3.027; 95% CI, 1.369–6.696; p=0.01) displayed significant relationships with malaria infection among under-5 children.
Conclusion
Not using an insecticide-treated net impregnated ≤3 years ago, along with opening the living room window daily and having a kitchen without windows, appear preventive of malaria infection among under-5 children.

Short Communication

Socio-demographic disparities in the eating behaviour of Malaysian children during the COVID-19 lockdown: Sabrina Premila Joseph Louis, Tan Seok Tyug; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2021;12(3):196-199. Published online May 26, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0053

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Objectives
This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the eating behaviour of Malaysian children aged 2 to 11 years old during the Movement Control Order (MCO) due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
Methods
A total of 204 Malaysian parents of children aged 2 to 11 years old were recruited for this study using a combination of purposive and snowball sampling approaches. Parents were required to fill an online questionnaire hosted on Google Forms, which consisted of socio-demographic characteristics (including child’s gender, age, and ethnicity, as well as parental income during the MCO) and a 35-item list from the Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ). Data analysis was conducted by further stratifying the children's eating behaviour according to socio-demographic characteristics.
Results
No significant differences were observed in the eating behaviour of the children across age and parental income groups during the MCO. Malaysian Indian children had significantly lower mean scores for the food responsiveness (2.50±0.64) and emotional over-eating (2.13±0.72) subscales than Malaysian Chinese children. Girls had a significantly higher mean score for the slowness in eating subscale during the MCO than boys.
Conclusion
Children’s eating behaviour were comparable across socio-demographic characteristics. Nonetheless, the findings of the current study provide an overview of Malaysian children's eating behaviour during the MCO.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Social determinants of self-reported psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study
Seok Tyug Tan, Louisa Lee
Psychology, Health & Medicine.2023; 28(2): 419. CrossRef
Changes in Dietary Intake Patterns and Weight Status during the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Cross-Sectional Study Focusing on Young Adults in Malaysia
Seok Tyug Tan, Chin Xuan Tan, Seok Shin Tan
Nutrients.2022; 14(2): 280. CrossRef
Food security during the COVID-19 home confinement: A cross-sectional study focusing on adults in Malaysia
Seok Tyug Tan, Chin Xuan Tan, Seok Shin Tan
Human Nutrition & Metabolism.2022; 27: 200142. CrossRef

Original Articles

Secondhand Smoking Among Children in Rural Households: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study in Bangladesh: Rishad Choudhury Robin, Narongsak Noosorn, Sheikh Mohammad Alif; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2020;11(4):201-208. Published online August 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.4.09

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Abstract PDF

Objectives

This study aimed to determine the factors associated with reducing exposure to secondhand smoke among children in households of rural Bangladesh.

Methods

A cross-sectional study of 410 smokers and non-smokers, in 6 villages of Munshigonj district was conducted. Data were collected randomly using a self-administrative questionnaire. Differences between variables were assessed using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test (as appropriate). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate associations. All results were presented as unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval. The level of statistical significance was reached when p < 0.05.

Results

A smoker in the household was determined to be a risk factor associated with exposure of other household members to secondhand smoke (p < 0.001). Higher education, strict implementation of household smoke-free rules, a higher influence of social norms and culture, as well as moderate knowledge on exposure to secondhand smoke were considered as preventive factors associated with exposure of others in the home to secondhand smoke.

Conclusion

Exposure to secondhand smoke is an extensive and preventable risk factor for children, and reducing exposure to secondhand smoke will have a largely positive effect in the community. An effective public health intervention model may reduce secondhand smoking.

Citations

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Second Hand Smoke Exposure among Children in Indian Homes: Findings from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey
Jaya Prasad Tripathy
Behavioral Medicine.2024; 50(1): 75. CrossRef
Exposure to secondhand smoke is associated with poor sleep quality among non-smoking university students in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional survey
Md. Hasan Al Banna, Keith Brazendale, Mohammad Hamiduzzaman, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Mohammad Tazrian Abid, M. A. Rifat, Mst. Sadia Sultana, Justice Kanor Tetteh, Satyajit Kundu, Md Shaheenur Rahman Shekhar, Md Khaleduzzaman, Md. Nazmul Hassan
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Need for sensitization on serious threats of second-hand smoke: Findings from a national study in Mauritius, a small island developing state in the Indian Ocean
Marie Chan Sun, Urmila D. Beeharry Panray, Jayrani Cheeneebash, Raj Gunesh
Preventive Medicine Reports.2022; 25: 101667. CrossRef
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Ian Kellar, Zunayed Al Azdi, Cath Jackson, Rumana Huque, Noreen Dadirai Mdege, Kamran Siddiqi
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Social measures for reducing exposure to secondhand smoke in migrant workers of sugarcane harvest in the lower northern region of Thailand
Narongsak Noosorn, Anukool Manoton, Rishad Choudhury Robin
Tobacco Induced Diseases.2021; 19(September): 1. CrossRef

Nutritional Status of Indonesian Children in Low-Income Households with Fathers that Smoke: Maria Wijaya-Erhardt; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2019;10(2):64-71. Published online April 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.2.04

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Abstract PDF

Objectives

This study compared the nutritional status of children in low-income households in Indonesia whose fathers were either cigarette smokers or non-smokers.

Methods

A cross sectional study of 482 children aged 2–6 years was conducted, stratified by whether the fathers were non-smoking (n = 138) or smoking (n = 340). Mothers and smoking fathers were interviewed about socioeconomic status and cigarette expenditure, respectively. The nutritional status of children was defined by weight-for-age, height-for-age and weight-for-height.

Results

Both groups had similar income. Households with a father that smoked, spent 16.6% of their income on cigarettes. Children whose fathers did not smoke had higher height-for-age (−1.99 vs. −2.25 Z-score, p = 0.02) than children whose fathers smoked. Weight-for-age in children with fathers that did not smoke was greater (−1.49 vs. −1.64 Z-score) but not statistically significantly different to those children with fathers that smoked, nor was child weight-for-height (−0.46 vs. −0.45 Z-score). The prevalence of stunted growth was higher in the children with a father that smoked compared with those that had a father did not smoke (62.2 vs. 49.6%, p = 0.07, respectively). There were 28.3% of children underweight in homes where the fathers did not smoke, and 35.6% in households where the father smoked (p = 0.11). Wasting was observed in 4.4% children where fathers did not smoke and 4.7% where fathers did smoke.

Conclusion

With similar income constraints, the degree of height growth faltering was less in children whose fathers did not smoke, compared to those whose fathers did smoke.

Citations

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Crowding-out effect of tobacco consumption in Indonesia
Arya Swarnata, Fariza Zahra Kamilah, I Dewa Gede Karma Wisana, Yurdhina Meilissa, Gita Kusnadi
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Do parental Smoking Behaviors Affect Children's Thinness, Stunting, and Overweight Status in Indonesia? Evidence from a Large-Scale Longitudinal Survey
Adrianna Bella, Teguh Dartanto, Dimitri Swasthika Nurshadrina, Gita Kusnadi, Faizal Rahmanto Moeis, Renny Nurhasana, Aryana Satrya, Hasbullah Thabrany
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Nadiyah, Idrus Jus'at, Devi Angeliana Kusumaningtiar, Anugrah Novianti
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Quality of Life Research.2022; 31(7): 2093. CrossRef
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Dyah Dwi Astuti, Tri Widyastuti Handayani, Duwi Pudji Astuti
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Siti Nadhiroh, Kusharisupeni Djokosujono, Diah Mulyawati Utari
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Prevalence of Fecal Carriage of CTX-M-15 Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Healthy Children from a Rural Andean Village in Venezuela: María Araque, Indira Labrador; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2018;9(1):9-15. Published online December 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2018.9.1.03

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Abstract PDF

Objectives

Antimicrobial resistant extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) have been shown to be present in healthy communities. This study examined healthy children from the rural Andean village of Llano del Hato, Mérida, Venezuela, who have had little or no antibiotic exposure to determine the prevalence of fecal carriage of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC).

Methods

A total of 78 fecal samples were collected in healthy children aged from 1 to 5 years. ESBL-EC were selected in MacConkey agar plates with cefotaxime and further confirmed by the VITEK 2 system. ESBL were phenotypically detected and presence of bla genes and their variants were confirmed by molecular assays. Determination of phylogenetic groups was performed by PCR amplification. Risk factors associated with fecal carriage of ESBL-EC-positive isolates were analyzed using standard statistical methods.

Results

Of the 78 children studied, 27 (34.6%) carried ESBL-EC. All strains harbored the bla_CTX-M-15 allele. Of these, 8 were co-producers of bla_TEM-1, bla_TEM-5, bla_SHV-5 or bla_SHV-12. Co-resistance to aminoglycosides and/or fluoroquinolones was observed in 9 strains. 51.9% of ESBL-EC isolates were classified within phylogroup A. A significant, positive correlation was found between age (≥2.5 – ≤5 years), food consumption patterns and ESBL-EC fecal carriage.

Conclusion

This is the first study describing the high prevalence of fecal carriage of ESBL-EC expressing CTX-M-15- among very young, healthy children from a rural Andean village in Venezuela with scarce antibiotic exposure, underlining the importance of this population as a reservoir.

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Review Article

Prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis among Children in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Mahmood Moosazadeh, Ghasem Abedi, Mahdi Afshari, Seif Ali Mahdavi, Fereshteh Farshidi, Elham Kheradmand; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2017;8(2):108-115. Published online April 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.2.02

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Abstract PDF

Objectives

Enterobius vermicularis is a parasitic disease that is common in crowded areas such as schools and kindergartens. Primary investigations of electronic evidence have reported different prevalences of E. vermicularis in Iran. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the total prevalence of this infection among Iranian children using a meta-analysis.

Methods

Relevant studies were identified in national and international databases. We selected eligible papers for meta-analysis after investigating titles, abstracts, and full texts; assessing study quality; and applying inclusion/exclusion criteria. Data were extracted by two independent researchers. The results were combined using a random effects model in Stata v. 11 software.

Results

Among 19 eligible articles including 11,676 participants, the prevalences of E. vermicularis among all children, boys, and girls were 1.2%–66.1%, 2.3%–65.5%, and 1.7%–65.5%, respectively. Pooled prevalences (95% confidence interval) of E. vermicularis among all children, boys, and girls were 17.2% (12.6%–21.8%), 17.2% (12.6%–21.8%), and 16.9% (9.03%–24.8%), respectively.

Conclusion

This meta-analysis showed that a great majority of Iranian children are infected with E. vermicularis, possibly due to poor public health.

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Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) infestation mimicking acute appendicitis in two children from Palestine: a case report
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Yuanjun Peng, Weitao He, Zhigang Zheng, Peijiang Pan, Yu Ju, Zhenwei Lu, Yanyan Liao, Hailong Wang, Chao Zhang, Jing Wang, Lina Jiang, Hao Liang, Minmei Chen, Li Ye
BMC Infectious Diseases.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis among children in Iran: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis
Elnaz Moussavi, Mohammad Houssaini, Nader Salari, Mahvan Hemmati, Ahmad Abdullahi, Ali Asghar Khaleghi, Shamarina Shohaimi, Masoud Mohammadi
Parasite Epidemiology and Control.2023; 22: e00315. CrossRef
Global prevalence of enterobiasis in young children over the past 20 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Elham Kia Lashaki, Azadeh Mizani, Seyed Abdollah Hosseini, Bentolhoda Habibi, Khadijeh Taherkhani, Amir Javadi, AliReza Taremiha, Samira Dodangeh
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2023; 14(6): 441. CrossRef
Assessment of the Serum Level of IL-1B, IL-2, and IL-10 in Children Infected with Enterobius vermicularis in Babylon Province
Aseel Sekar Naji AL-Bairmani, Hayam Khalis Al-Masoudi
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Maria Romina Rivero, Carlos De Angelo, Constanza Feliziani, Song Liang, Karina Tiranti, Martin Miguel Salas, Oscar Daniel Salomon
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Original Articles

Perception of Childhood Obesity in Mothers of Preschool Children: Hae Ok Kim, Gyo Nam Kim, Euna Park; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2015;6(2):121-125. Published online April 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2015.01.007

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to identify the perception of childhood obesity in mothers of preschool children using Q methodology.
Methods
A total of 38 Q statements about childhood obesity were obtained from 41 participants. The QUANL PC program was used to analyze the results.
Results
There were three types of perception toward obesity in mothers of preschool children: the “authoritative discipline type,” the “generous home meal focused type,” and the “home meal based on household financial situation type.”
Conclusion
The perception of mothers toward childhood obesity can affect the extent of maternal interaction with children or meal preparation for the family. Based on these results, it is necessary to plan specific programs according to the types of maternal perception toward childhood obesity.

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The social ecology of health promotion within war-effected refugee preschool children
Nilufer Kuru, Nilgun Kuru Alici, Berrin Akman
International Journal of Intercultural Relations.2023; 94: 101788. CrossRef
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Nevin USLU, Fahriye PAZARCIKCI
Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi.2020; 6(2): 223. CrossRef
Anxious Mothers Need Support to Avoid Emotional Feeding of Infants
Alexandre A Ferraro
The Journal of Nutrition.2019; 149(5): 703. CrossRef
Do mothers accurately identify their child’s overweight/obesity status during early childhood? Evidence from a nationally representative cohort study
Michelle Queally, Edel Doherty, Karen Matvienko-Sikar, Elaine Toomey, John Cullinan, Janas M. Harrington, Patricia M. Kearney
International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and .2018;[Epub] CrossRef
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Érica Bezerra Nobre, Alexandra Valéria Maria Brentani, Alexandre Archanjo Ferraro
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Mothers' conceptions about excess weight in infancy and the nutritional status of their children
Janaína Paula Costa da Silva, Vicente Sarubbi Junior, Viviane Gabriela Nascimento, Ciro João Bertoli, Paulo Rogério Gallo, Claudio Leone
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Depression among Korean Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Ansan-Community-Based Epidemiological Study
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Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2015; 6(4): 224. CrossRef

The Influence of Dietary Patterns on the Nutritional Profile in a Korean Child Cohort Study: Hyeon-Jeong Choi, Hyojee Joung, Hye-Ja Lee, Han Byul Jang, Jae-Heon Kang, Jihyun Song; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2011;2(1):59-64. Published online June 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2011.04.007

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
The aim of the present study was to identify the major dietary patterns of seven- and eight-year-old Korean children and to examine the relationship between dietary patterns and obesity, nutrient intake, and diet quality.
Methods
The subjects were 284 seven- and eight-year-old children who participated in the Gwacheon child cohort study. Three dietary patterns emerged from the factor analysis: Korean, modified Western, and Western. Cluster analysis was used to classify the subjects into two dietary groups: Korean and Western diet patterns.
Results
The two different dietary patterns were closely related to dietary quality which in turn was related to health risks. The Western diet group had a lower fiber intake, a higher intake of energy, fat and calcium and a higher dietary diversity score (DDS) than the Korean diet group. The number of days when fruit, milk and dairy products were omitted from the diet was higher for the Korean diet group than for the Western group.
Conclusions
Dietary patterns and related diet quality should be considered when designing nutrition policy and intervention programs for children.

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