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Prevalence, multidrug resistance, and biofilm formation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from fish mariculture environments in Cat Ba Island, Vietnam
Kim Cuc Thi Nguyen, Phuc Hung Truong, Hoa Truong Thi, Xuan Tuy Ho, Phu Van Nguyen
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2024;15(1):56-67.   Published online February 19, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0181
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  • 30 Download
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a major foodborne pathogen in aquatic animals and a threat to human health worldwide. This study investigated the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), and biofilm formation of V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from fish mariculture environments in Cat Ba Island, Vietnam. Methods: In total, 150 rearing water samples were collected from 10 fish mariculture farms in winter and summer. A polymerase chain reaction assay was used to identify V. parahaemolyticus, its virulence factors, and ARGs. The antimicrobial resistance patterns and biofilm formation ability of V. parahaemolyticus strains were investigated using the disk diffusion test and a microtiter plate-based crystal violet method, respectively. Results: Thirty-seven V. parahaemolyticus isolates were recovered from 150 samples. The frequencies of the tdh and trh genes among V. parahaemolyticus isolates were 8.1% and 21.6%, respectively. More than 90% of isolates were susceptible to ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and chloramphenicol, but over 72% were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, and erythromycin. Furthermore, 67.57% of isolates exhibited multidrug resistance. The presence of ARGs related to gentamicin (aac(3)-IV), tetracycline (tetA) and ciprofloxacin (qnrA) in V. parahaemolyticus isolates was identified. Conversely, no ARGs related to ampicillin or erythromycin resistance were detected. Biofilm formation capacity was detected in significantly more multidrug-resistant isolates (64.9%) than non-multidrug-resistant isolates (18.9%). Conclusion: Mariculture environments are a potential source of antibiotic-resistant V. parahaemolyticus and a hotspot for virulence genes and ARGs diffusing to aquatic environments. Thus, the prevention of antibiotic-resistant foodborne vibriosis in aquatic animals and humans requires continuous monitoring.
Relationships between Virulence Factors and Antimicrobial Resistance among Escherichia coli Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections and Commensal Isolates in Tehran, Iran
Mohammad Reza Asadi Karam, Mehri Habibi, Saeid Bouzari
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2018;9(5):217-224.   Published online October 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2018.9.5.02
  • 6,523 View
  • 124 Download
  • 28 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are the major cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Here, we determined whether sensitivity to antibiotics was related to the prevalence of iron scavenging genes, or to biofilm and hemolysis formation.

Methods

A total of 110 UPEC and 30 E coli isolates were collected from the urine of UTI patients and feces of healthy individuals without UTI, respectively. The presence of iron receptor genes and phenotypic properties were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction and phenotypic methods, respectively. Susceptibility to routine antibiotics was evaluated using the disc diffusion method.

Results

The prevalence of iron scavenging genes ranged from 21.8% (ireA) to 84.5% (chuA) in the UPEC. Resistance to ceftazidime and cefotaxime was significantly correlated with the presence of fyuA and iutA iron genes. Biofilm production was significantly associated with the prevalence of fyuA and hma iron genes. A higher degree of antibiotic resistance was exhibited by isolates that produced biofilms than by their non-biofilm producing counterparts.

Conclusion

Our study clearly indicates that biofilm production is associated with antibiotic resistance, and that iron receptors and hemolysin production also contribute to reduced antibiotic sensitivity. These results further our understanding of the role that these virulence factors play during UPEC pathogenesis, which in turn may be valuable for the development of novel treatment strategies against UTIs.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Correlation between antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation, and virulence determinants in uropathogenic Escherichia coli from Egyptian hospital
    Sara A. Alshaikh, Tarek El-banna, Fatma Sonbol, Mahmoud H. Farghali
    Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Frontiers in Veterinary Science.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC)-Associated Urinary Tract Infections: The Molecular Basis for Challenges to Effective Treatment
    Shane Whelan, Brigid Lucey, Karen Finn
    Microorganisms.2023; 11(9): 2169.     CrossRef
  • Susceptibility and Virulence of Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections in Benin
    Funkè F. Assouma, Haziz Sina, Tomabu Adjobimey, Agossou Damien Pacôme Noumavo, Akim Socohou, Bawa Boya, Ange D. Dossou, Lauriane Akpovo, Basile Boni Saka Konmy, Jacques F. Mavoungou, Adolphe Adjanohoun, Lamine Baba-Moussa
    Microorganisms.2023; 11(1): 213.     CrossRef
  • Association Between Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Virulence Genes and Severity of Infection and Resistance to Antibiotics
    Sofía Alejandra Fonseca-Martínez, Ruth Aralí Martínez-Vega, Ana Elvira Farfán-García, Clara Isabel González Rugeles, Libeth Yajaira Criado-Guerrero
    Infection and Drug Resistance.2023; Volume 16: 3707.     CrossRef
  • Incidence of biofilms among the multidrug resistant E. coli, isolated from urinary tract infections in the Nilgiris district, South India
    A. P. Cardiliya, M. J. N. Chandrasekar, M. J. Nanjan
    Brazilian Journal of Microbiology.2023; 54(3): 1809.     CrossRef
  • Correlation of biofilm formation, virulence factors, and phylogenetic groups among Escherichia coli strains causing urinary tract infection: A global systematic review and meta-analysis
    HosseinKarballaei Mirzahosseini, Farhad Najmeddin, Atabak Najafi, Arezoo Ahmadi, Hamidreza Sharifnia, Azad Khaledi, Mojtaba Mojtahedzadeh
    Journal of Research in Medical Sciences.2023; 28(1): 66.     CrossRef
  • Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis Caused by Co-Infection with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Multidrug-Resistant Extended-Spectrum ß-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli: A Case Report
    Shiori Kitaya, Chieko Miura, Ayano Suzuki, Yoshimichi Imai, Koichi Tokuda, Hajime Kanamori
    Applied Microbiology.2023; 3(3): 1046.     CrossRef
  • Fluoroquinolone resistance determinants in carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from urine clinical samples in Thailand
    Parichart Boueroy, Peechanika Chopjitt, Rujirat Hatrongjit, Masatomo Morita, Yo Sugawara, Yukihiro Akeda, Tetsuya Iida, Shigeyuki Hamada, Anusak Kerdsin
    PeerJ.2023; 11: e16401.     CrossRef
  • Characterization of virulence determinants and phylogenetic background of multiple and extensively drug resistant Escherichia coli isolated from different clinical sources in Egypt
    Rana El-baz, Heba Shehta Said, Eman Salama Abdelmegeed, Rasha Barwa
    Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.2022; 106(3): 1279.     CrossRef
  • A global systematic review and meta-analysis on correlation between biofilm producers and non-biofilm producers with antibiotic resistance in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli
    Mitra Garousi, Sina Monazami Tabar, Hosein Mirazi, Parnia Asgari, Paniz Sabeghi, Astireh Salehi, Azad Khaledi, Mohammad Ghenaat Pisheh Sanani, Hossein Karballaei Mirzahosseini
    Microbial Pathogenesis.2022; 164: 105412.     CrossRef
  • Virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance and the relationship between these characteristics in uropathogenic Escherichia coli
    Farzaneh Firoozeh, Mohammad Zibaei, Farzad Badmasti, Azad Khaledi
    Gene Reports.2022; 27: 101622.     CrossRef
  • Association between Virulence Factors and Antimicrobial Resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Isolates from North Kerala
    Ramya Kumaran, R.V. Geetha, Sabitha Baby
    Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology.2022; 16(2): 867.     CrossRef
  • Characterization of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance pattern of uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains in a tertiary care center
    Naveen Kumar M, Sevitha Bhat, Archana Bhat K, Vishwas Saralaya, Shalini Shenoy Mulki
    F1000Research.2022; 11: 1163.     CrossRef
  • Antibiotic Resistance, Biofilm Formation and Sub-Inhibitory Hydrogen Peroxide Stimulation in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli
    Prabin Dawadi, Santosh Khanal, Tista Prasai Joshi, Sudeep KC, Reshma Tuladhar, Bijaya Laxmi Maharjan, Anjani Darai, Dev Raj Joshi
    Microbiology Insights.2022; 15: 117863612211352.     CrossRef
  • Characterization of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance pattern of uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains in a tertiary care center
    Naveen Kumar M, Sevitha Bhat, Archana Bhat K, Vishwas Saralaya, Shalini Shenoy Mulki
    F1000Research.2022; 11: 1163.     CrossRef
  • Insects, Rodents, and Pets as Reservoirs, Vectors, and Sentinels of Antimicrobial Resistance
    Willis Gwenzi, Nhamo Chaukura, Norah Muisa-Zikali, Charles Teta, Tendai Musvuugwa, Piotr Rzymski, Akebe Luther King Abia
    Antibiotics.2021; 10(1): 68.     CrossRef
  • Virulence genes and phylogenetic groups of uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates from patients with urinary tract infection and uninfected control subjects: a case-control study
    Seyedeh Elham Rezatofighi, Mahsa Mirzarazi, Mansour Salehi
    BMC Infectious Diseases.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Virulence characterization and clonal analysis of uropathogenic Escherichia coli metallo-beta-lactamase-producing isolates
    Fatemeh Zangane Matin, Seyedeh Elham Rezatofighi, Mohammad Roayaei Ardakani, Mohammad Reza Akhoond, Fahimeh Mahmoodi
    Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Detection of Virulence-Associated Genes in Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Commercial Broilers
    Tímea Kocúreková, Lívia Karahutová, Dobroslava Bujňáková
    Antibiotics.2021; 10(11): 1303.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of Biofilm Formation and Virulence Genes and Association with Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains in Southwestern Iran
    Mostafa Boroumand, Asghar Sharifi, Mohammad Amin Ghatei, Mohsen Sadrinasab
    Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Differences of virulence factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility according to phylogenetic group in uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from Korean patients
    Miri Hyun, Ji Yeon Lee, Hyun ah Kim
    Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Changes in Bacterial Spectrum and Resistance Patterns Over Time in the Urine of Patients with Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Due to Spinal Cord Injury
    Jürgen Pannek, Carmen Kurmann, Jörg Krebs, Valentin Habermacher, Jens Wöllner
    Urologia Internationalis.2021; 105(5-6): 483.     CrossRef
  • A systematic review and meta-analysis of antibiotic resistance patterns, and the correlation between biofilm formation with virulence factors in uropathogenic E. coli isolated from urinary tract infections
    Fei Zhao, Huanxin Yang, Dezhong Bi, Azad Khaledi, Mingqi Qiao
    Microbial Pathogenesis.2020; 144: 104196.     CrossRef
  • A survey for phylogenetic relationship; presence of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance patterns of avian pathogenic and uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from poultry and humans in Yazd, Iran
    Mansoureh Bakhshi, Hengameh Zandi, Mehdi Fatahi Bafghi, Akram Astani, Vahid Reza Ranjbar, Mahmood Vakili
    Gene Reports.2020; 20: 100725.     CrossRef
  • Biofilm formation, antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence genes of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from clinical isolates in Uganda
    Paul Katongole, Fatuma Nalubega, Najjuka Christine Florence, Benon Asiimwe, Irene Andia
    BMC Infectious Diseases.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Relationship between Virulence and Resistance among Gram-Negative Bacteria
    Virginio Cepas, Sara M. Soto
    Antibiotics.2020; 9(10): 719.     CrossRef
  • Virulence factors of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) and correlation with antimicrobial resistance
    Chhaya Shah, Ratna Baral, Bijay Bartaula, Lok Bahadur Shrestha
    BMC Microbiology.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
Evaluation of Biofilm Formation and Presence of Ica Genes in Staphylococcus epidermidis Clinical Isolates
Maryam Kord, Abdollah Ardebili, Maryam Jamalan, Roghaye Jahanbakhsh, Naser Behnampour, Ezzat Allah Ghaemi
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2018;9(4):160-166.   Published online August 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2018.9.4.04
  • 6,323 View
  • 161 Download
  • 11 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives

Biofilm formation is one of the important features of Staphylococcus epidermidis, particularly in nosocomial infections. We aimed to investigate the biofilm production by phenotypic methods and the presence of ica genes in S epidermidis.

Methods

A total of 41 S epidermidis isolates were recovered from different clinical specimens. Biofilm formation was evaluated by microtiter plate, tube method and Congo red agar method. The presence of icaA and icaD genes was investigated by PCR. Validity of methods (sensitivity and specificity), and metrics for test performance (positive/negative predictive value, and positive/negative likelihood ratio) were determined.

Results

By both microtiter plate and tube method, 53.6% of S epidermidis isolates were able to produce biofilm, whilst only 24.4% of isolates provided a biofilm phenotype on Congo red agar plates. icaA and icaD genes were found in 100% and 95.1% of isolates, respectively. Biofilm phenotypes accounted for 4.8% by microtiter plate assay, despite the absence of the ica gene. Congo red agar and PCR exhibited a lower sensitivity (18% and 45.5%, respectively) for identifying the biofilm phenotype in comparison to microtiter plate.

Conclusion

The microtiter plate method remains generally a better tool to screen biofilm production in S epidermidis. In addition, the ability of S epidermidis to form biofilm is not always dependent on the presence of ica genes, highlighting the importance of ica-independent mechanisms of biofilm formation. The use of reliable methods to specifically detect biofilms can be helpful to treat the patients affected by such problematic bacteria.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Characterization of Salmonella enterica Biofilms and Antibiofilm Effect of Carvacrol and 2-Aminobenzimidazole
    Fizza Naz, Abrar Ahmad, Yasra Sarwar, Muhammad Moman Khan, Peter Schierack, Waqar Rauf, Aamir Ali
    Foodborne Pathogens and Disease.2024; 21(1): 52.     CrossRef
  • Etiology, pathology, and host-impaired immunity in medical implant-associated infections
    Ihtisham Ul Haq, Taj Ali Khan, Katarzyna Krukiewicz
    Journal of Infection and Public Health.2024; 17(2): 189.     CrossRef
  • Combination antimicrobial therapy: in vitro synergistic effect of anti-staphylococcal drug oxacillin with antimicrobial peptide nisin against Staphylococcus epidermidis clinical isolates and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms
    Toktam Sharafi, Ezzat Allah Ghaemi, Maryam Rafiee, Abdollah Ardebili
    Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for studying the interaction of organometallic compound bis(1,3-dihexylimidazole-2-yl) silver(i) hexafluorophosphate (v) with the biofilm of Escherichia coli
    Tania Tabussam, Hina Shehnaz, Muhammad Irfan Majeed, Haq Nawaz, Abeer Ahmed Alghamdi, Muhammad Adnan Iqbal, Muhammad Shahid, Urwa Shahid, Rabiea Umer, Muhammad Tjammal Rehman, Umer Farooq, Ahmad Hassan, Muhammad Imran
    RSC Advances.2024; 14(10): 7112.     CrossRef
  • Biofilm Formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis and Its Inhibition Using Carvacrol, 2-Aminobenzemidazole, and 3-Indole Acetonitrile
    Muhammad Umair Akbar, Asma Haque, Sadia Liaquat, Peter Schierack, Aamir Ali
    ACS Omega.2023; 8(1): 682.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of the Presence of the Virulence and Regulation Genes from Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in Coagulase Negative Staphylococci and the Influence of the Staphylococcal Cross-Talk on Their Functions
    Magdalena Grazul, Ewa Balcerczak, Monika Sienkiewicz
    International Journal of Environmental Research an.2023; 20(6): 5155.     CrossRef
  • New update on molecular diversity of clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates in Iran: antimicrobial resistance, adhesion and virulence factors, biofilm formation and SCCmec typing
    Mahtab Tabandeh, Hami Kaboosi, Mojtaba Taghizadeh Armaki, Abazar Pournajaf, Fatemeh Peyravii Ghadikolaii
    Molecular Biology Reports.2022; 49(4): 3099.     CrossRef
  • Whole-Genome Sequence of Multidrug-Resistant Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis Carrying Biofilm-Associated Genes and a Unique Composite of SCCmec
    Hisham N. Altayb, Hana S. Elbadawi, Othman Baothman, Imran Kazmi, Faisal A. Alzahrani, Muhammad Shahid Nadeem, Salman Hosawi, Kamel Chaieb
    Antibiotics.2022; 11(7): 861.     CrossRef
  • Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for the characterization of pellets of biofilm forming bacterial strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis
    Muhammad Shakeel, Muhammad Irfan Majeed, Haq Nawaz, Nosheen Rashid, Aamir Ali, Asma Haque, Muhammad Umair Akbar, Muhammad Tahir, Saania Munir, Zain Ali, Muhammad Shahbaz, Mudassar Saleem
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  • Analysis of the Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Activity of Natural Compounds and Their Analogues against Staphylococcus aureus Isolates
    Sobia Mastoor, Fizza Nazim, Syed Rizwan-ul-Hasan, Khalid Ahmed, Shabnam Khan, Syed Nawazish Ali, Syed Hani Abidi
    Molecules.2022; 27(20): 6874.     CrossRef
  • Controlling the Growth of the Skin Commensal Staphylococcus epidermidis Using d -Alanine Auxotrophy
    David Dodds, Jeffrey L. Bose, Ming-De Deng, Gilles R. Dubé, Trudy H. Grossman, Alaina Kaiser, Kashmira Kulkarni, Roger Leger, Sara Mootien-Boyd, Azim Munivar, Julia Oh, Matthew Pestrak, Komal Rajpura, Alexander P. Tikhonov, Traci Turecek, Travis Whitfill,
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Anti-biofilm Properties of Peganum harmala against Candida albicans
Elham Aboualigalehdari, Nourkhoda Sadeghifard, Morovat Taherikalani, Zaynab Zargoush, Zahra Tahmasebi, Behzad Badakhsh, Arman Rostamzad, Sobhan Ghafourian, Iraj Pakzad
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2016;7(2):116-118.   Published online April 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2015.12.010
  • 3,158 View
  • 18 Download
  • 12 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
Vaginitis still remains as a health issue in women. It is notable that Candida albicans producing biofilm is considered a microorganism responsible for vaginitis with hard to treat. Also, Peganum harmala was applied as an anti fungal in treatment for many infections in Iran. Therefore, this study goal to investigate the role of P. harmala in inhibition of biofilm formation in C. albicans.
Methods
So, 27 C. albicans collected from women with Vaginitis, then subjected for biofilm formation assay. P. harmala was applied as antibiofilm formation in C. albicans.
Results
Our results demonstrated that P. harmala in concentration of 12 μg/ml easily inhibited strong biofilm formation; while the concentrations of 10 and 6 μg/ml inhibited biofilm formation in moderate and weak biofilm formation C. albicans strains, respectively.
Conclusion
Hence, the current study presented P. harmala as antibiofilm herbal medicine for C. albicans; but in vivo study suggested to be performed to confirm its effectiveness.

Citations

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  • Effect of Peganum harmala Extract on Biofilm and Involved Gene Expression in Biofilm Production of Candida albicans
    Maryam Erfaninejad, Elham Aboualigalehdari, Mahnaz Fatahinia
    Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Huizhen Yue, Xiaolong Xu, Shasha He, Xuran Cui, Yuhong Guo, Jingxia Zhao, Bing Peng, Qingquan Liu
    Frontiers in Pharmacology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Jamila Fakchich, Mostafa Elachouri
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    Mohamad Hesam Shahrajabian, Wenli Sun, Qi Cheng
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    Mohammad Zubair Alam, Mohd Sajjad Ahmad Khan, Jenny Wilkinson
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    Hanan A. Shaheen, Marwa Y. Issa
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    Rajeev K. Singla, Ashok K. Dubey
    Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry.2019; 19(28): 2567.     CrossRef
  • Assessment of the Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Ziziphus lotus and Peganum harmala
    Leila Ait Abderrahim, Khaled Taïbi, Chahinez Ait Abderrahim
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Investigation of Biofilm Formation and its Association with the Molecular and Clinical Characteristics of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Jeong-Ok Cha, Jae Il Yoo, Jung Sik Yoo, Hae-Sun Chung, Sun-Hee Park, Hwa Su Kim, Yeong Seon Lee, Gyung Tae Chung
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2013;4(5):225-232.   Published online October 31, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2013.09.001
  • 3,094 View
  • 13 Download
  • 51 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
To investigate the biofilm-forming related factors against MRSA bloodstream isolates and evaluates their clinical features and treatment outcomes by biofilm production.
Methods
We collected 126 consecutive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causing blood stream infections (BSIs) at 10 tertiary hospitals from 2007 to 2009. We investigated biofilm-forming ability using a microtiter plate assay, and molecular characteristics including multilocus sequence typing, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec and accessory gene regulator types. We compared the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients infected with biofilm-forming and non-biofilm-forming MRSA isolates.
Results
Of the 126 samples, 86 (68.3%), including 5 strong level (OD570 ≥ 1.0) and 81 weak level (0.2 ≤ OD570 < 1.0), had biofilm-forming capacity. Detection of fibronectinbinding protein in biofilm-forming strains was significantly higher than biofilm non-forming ones (p = 0.001) and three enterotoxin genes (sec-seg-sei) islands had a high frequency regardless of biofilm production. However, biofilm-forming strains were more likely to be multidrug resistant (three or more non-β-lactam antibiotics) than biofilm non-forming ones [79.2% vs. 59.2%, p = 0.015, odds ratio (OR) 2.629, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.92–5.81]. Clinical features of patients with BSIs caused by biofilm-forming MRSA strains were more likely to be hospital onset [77.9% vs. 60.0%, p = 0.024, OR 2.434, 95% CI 1.11–5.33) and more frequently occurred in patients with use of invasive devices [85.7% vs. 61.2%, p = 0.002, OR 3.879, 95% CI 1.61–8.97]. The other clinical features were compared with the clinical outcomes of the two groups and were not significant (p > 0.05).
Conclusion
Biofilm-forming MRSA strains showed higher frequency of fnbB gene than biofilm non-forming ones and more incidence rates on particular genotypes. And, their patient's features were not significantly different between two groups in this study, except for several clinical factors.

Citations

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PHRP : Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives