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PHRP : Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives

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"Risk factors"

Original Article

Epidemiological trends and regional risk factors for scrub typhus in Busan, Republic of Korea: 2019–2023
Keoungsuk Kim, Hyeokjin Lee, Seungah Park, Gey Ok Lee, Sang-Eun Lee
Received January 24, 2026  Accepted March 19, 2026  Published online May 11, 2026  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2026.0085    [Epub ahead of print]
Objectives
Scrub typhus, an acute disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi and transmitted by larval chigger mites, is a representative autumn febrile illness in the Republic of Korea. We examined epidemiological characteristics underlying spatial heterogeneity in Busan Metropolitan City to inform region-specific prevention and control policies.
Methods
We analyzed 1,645 confirmed and suspected scrub typhus cases reported in Busan from 2019 to 2023. Crude incidence rates and age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) per 100,000 population were calculated using the 2021 mid-year population. The chi-square test assessed associations between disease occurrence and exposure activities within the preceding 30 days. Correlation analyses examined the relationships of ASIR with environmental indicators, including per capita urban forest area, and epidemiological indicators, including prior infectious disease education.
Results
The overall mean ASIR in Busan was 8.35 per 100,000 population, below the national average. However, incidence was higher in peri-urban districts, including Gijang-gun (26.12/100,000) and Gangseo-gu (15.02/100,000), than in central urban districts such as Jung-gu (2.20/100,000). Higher incidence was observed among women and older adults (≥60 years). ASIR correlated strongly with per capita urban forest area (r=0.92; 95% confidence interval, 0.79–0.97; p<0.001). Regional differences were significant for agriculture/forestry, gardening, and general outdoor activities (p<0.001). Districts with higher incidence also displayed higher rates of infectious disease education, although this may reflect reverse causation.
Conclusion
In Busan, scrub typhus incidence was concentrated in peri-urban districts. These findings support region-specific prevention strategies, evaluation of infectious disease education, enhanced mite surveillance, and practical protective measures during fieldwork.
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  • 17 Download

Review Article

Evidence for a perinatal origin of childhood obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of risk and protective factors
Andi Rispah Sulistianingsih, Nurjazuli Nurjazuli, Martha Irene Kartasurya, Syamsulhuda Budi Musthofa, Jauhari Oka Reuwpassa
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(2):114-135.
Published online March 27, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0351
Evidence for a perinatal origin of childhood obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of risk and protective factors
Objectives
This systematic review aimed to identify perinatal risk factors associated with obesity in children aged ≤5 years.
Methods
This studyfollowed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Medline (via PubMed), Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched from inception, without language or date restrictions. In addition, gray literature sources, including LILACS and CNKI, were screened for comprehensive evidence synthesis. Meta-analyses were conducted to estimate pooled risk ratios. Study quality was independently assessed by 2 reviewers using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool.
Results
A total of 24,643 articles were screened, and 39 cohort studies were included in the final analysis. Sample sizes ranged from 169 to 333,353 participants. Meta-analysis results indicated that high gestational weight gain (adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17–1.82), history of cesarean section (aRR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.17–1.33), macrosomia (aRR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.55–2.27), antibiotic use (aRR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.14–1.51), pre-pregnancy obesity (aRR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.21–2.73), and female sex (aRR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.32–1.61) were associated with an increased risk of obesity in children aged ≤5 years. Exclusive breastfeeding (aRR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.64–0.85) was identified as a protective factor..
Conclusion
Perinatal factors and pre-pregnancy obesity played important roles in increasing the risk of obesity in children aged ≤5 years. Breastfeeding was associated with a protective effect against childhood obesity. Therefore, obesity prevention efforts should begin during pregnancy, and maintaining appropriate maternal weight before conception is equally essential.
  • 1,224 View
  • 64 Download
Original Articles
Factors influencing adherence to anti-tuberculosis treatment in Morocco: a cross-sectional study from the Béni Mellal-Khénifra region
Mohamed Dellal, Sanae Batoui, Youness Aassem, Khalid Habbari
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(5):476-485.
Published online September 19, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0153
Factors influencing adherence to anti-tuberculosis treatment in Morocco: a cross-sectional study from the Béni Mellal-Khénifra region
Objectives
Adherence to anti-tuberculosis treatment is essential for achieving successful outcomes and preventing the emergence of drug-resistant strains. This study aimed to evaluate adherence levels and identify factors associated with non-adherence among tuberculosis patients in the Béni Mellal-Khénifra region of Morocco. We hypothesized that sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral factors influence adherence.
Methods
A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2023 to December 2024 in 2 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease Diagnostic Centers in the Béni Mellal-Khénifra region. A total of 481 patients who had been on treatment for at least 2 months were recruited using convenience sampling. Data were collected through structured, pre-tested questionnaires administered in face-to-face interviews and verified against treatment cards and medical records. Adherence was defined as taking ≥90% of prescribed doses. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of non-adherence.
Results
Among the 481 participants, 8.1% were non-adherent. Significant predictors of non-adherence included forgetfulness (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 38.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 11.35–132.88), adverse effects (AOR, 14.26; 95% CI, 3.17–64.13), male sex (AOR, 6.77; 95% CI, 1.45–31.60), rural residence (AOR, 4.42; 95% CI, 1.37–14.25), self-adjusted dosing (AOR, 5.83; 95% CI, 1.20–28.34), stopping treatment after symptom improvement (AOR, 6.56; 95% CI, 1.34–32.14), and missed follow-up visits (AOR, 6.74; 95% CI, 1.56–29.19).
Conclusion
Although overall adherence was high, 8.1% of patients were non-adherent. Strategies to improve adherence should focus on addressing forgetfulness, managing side effects, enhancing access in rural areas, and reinforcing patient education and follow-up systems to improve treatment outcomes in this and similar settings.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Longitudinal Observation by Optical Coherence Tomography in Patients Treated with Ethambutol: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Rui Luo, Jin Ma, Yong Zhong
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2026; 15(3): 1230.     CrossRef
  • Non-Adherence to Anti-Tuberculosis Treatment and Its Determinants Among Tuberculosis Patients in Tanzania
    Meshack Morice, Bernadetha Hugho Kimario, Indo Ndaigeze, Damas Dismas Nyabenda
    Journal of Community Health.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 1,179 View
  • 85 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Identifying risk factors for COVID-19 cluster infections in schools in the Republic of Korea: a case-control study
Jihyun Choi, Seongju Choi, Baigu Lee, Young-Joon Park, Sang Eun Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(4):375-382.
Published online July 11, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0351
Identifying risk factors for COVID-19 cluster infections in schools in the Republic of Korea: a case-control study
Objectives
No study has yet analyzed risk factors to determine whether students with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections may affect students at neighboring schools. Therefore, this study aimed to determine risk factors for COVID-19 transmission among schools within a community in the Republic of Korea.
Methods
An epidemiological investigation was conducted among 696 students and school staff members at 3 schools where COVID-19 clusters began on October 15, 2021. Interviews, visit history surveys, a facility risk assessment, and closed-circuit television were used to identify risk factors. The statistical significance of risk factors was also evaluated.
Results
We confirmed 129 cases (18.5%) among the individuals exposed to COVID-19 at the 3 schools, many of whom had a history of visiting the same multi-use facilities. The odds ratio of having visited multi-use facilities such as karaoke rooms was 1.90 (95% confidence interval, 1.03–3.50); the number of visits to a karaoke room and the visit durations were significantly higher among confirmed cases than non-confirmed cases (p=0.02 and p=0.03, respectively).
Conclusion
Having a history of visiting karaoke rooms often and spending a long time there were risk factors for COVID-19 infection and inter-school transmission. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the status of multi-use facilities frequently visited by adolescents and consider incorporating them into the scope of school quarantine to prevent infectious diseases at schools in a community.
  • 4,465 View
  • 85 Download
Household secondary attack rates and risk factors during periods of SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variant predominance in the Republic of Korea
Jin Lee, Mijeong Ko, Seontae Kim, Dosang Lim, Gemma Park, Sang-Eun Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2023;14(4):263-271.
Published online August 11, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0133
Household secondary attack rates and risk factors during periods of SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variant predominance in the Republic of Korea
Objectives
The household secondary attack rate (SAR) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an important indicator for community transmission. This study aimed to characterize transmission by comparing household SARs and identifying risk factors during the periods of Delta and Omicron variant predominance in Republic of Korea.
Methods
We defined the period of Delta variant predominance (Delta period) as July 25, 2021 to January 15, 2022, and the period of Omicron variant predominance (Omicron period) as February 7 to September 3, 2022. The number of index cases included was 214,229 for the Delta period and 5,521,393 for the Omicron period. To identify the household SARs and risk factors for each period, logistic regression was performed to determine the adjusted odds ratio (aOR).
Results
The SAR was 35.2% for the Delta period and 43.1% for the Omicron period. The aOR of infection was higher in 2 groups, those aged 0 to 18 years and ≥75 years, compared to those aged 19 to 49 years. Unvaccinated individuals (vs. vaccinated individuals) and individuals experiencing initial infection (vs. individuals experiencing a second or third infection) had an increased risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2.
Conclusion
This study analyzed the household SARs and risk factors. We hope that the results can help develop age-specific immunization plans and responses to reduce the SAR in preparation for emerging infectious diseases or potential new variants of SARS-CoV-2.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Lower Levels of Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant of Concern vs Wild Type: An Interplay Between Transmissibility and Immune Status
    Angelique M A M Winkel, Eva Kozanli, Mildred E Haverkort, Sjoerd M Euser, Judith G C Sluiter-Post, Rob Mariman, Afke Vogelzang, Jordy de Bakker, Coen R Lap, Marianne A van Houten, Dirk Eggink, Steven F L van Lelyveld
    The Journal of Infectious Diseases.2025; 231(3): 653.     CrossRef
  • Impact of disease severity, age, sex, comorbidity, and vaccination on secondary attack rates of SARS-CoV-2: a global systematic review and meta-analysis
    Dewan Md. Sumsuzzman, Yang Ye, Zhen Wang, Abhishek Pandey, Joanne M. Langley, Alison P. Galvani, Seyed M. Moghadas
    BMC Infectious Diseases.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • SARS-CoV-2 secondary attack rates and risks for transmission among agricultural workers and their households in Guatemala, 2022-2023
    Joseph Daniel Carreon, Molly M. Lamb, Anna N. Chard, Diva M. Calvimontes, Chelsea Iwamoto, Neudy Rojop, Jose Monzon, Ian D. Plumb, Edgar Barrios, Julio del Cid-Villatoro, Kareen Arias, Melissa Gomez, Claudia Maribel Paiz Reyes, Maria Renee Lopez, May Chu,
    IJID Regions.2025; 16: 100676.     CrossRef
  • 6,997 View
  • 173 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Risk factors for transmission in a COVID-19 cluster infection in a high school in the Republic of Korea
Jin-Hwan Jeon, Su Jin Kang, Se-Jin Jeong, Hyeon-Cheol Jang, Young-Joon Park, Sang-Eun Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2023;14(4):252-262.
Published online July 27, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0125
Risk factors for transmission in a COVID-19 cluster infection in a high school in the Republic of Korea
Objectives
This study aimed to examine the scale, characteristics, risk factors, and modes of transmission in a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak at a high school in Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Methods
An epidemiological survey was conducted of 1,118 confirmed cases and close contacts from a COVID-19 outbreak at an educational facility starting on May 31, 2021. In-depth interviews, online questionnaires, flow evaluations, and CCTV analyses were used to devise infection prevention measures. Behavioral and spatial risk factors were identified, and statistical significance was tested.
Results
Among 3rd-year students, there were 33 confirmed COVID-19 cases (9.6%). Students who used a study room in the annex building showed a statistically significant 4.3-fold elevation in their relative risk for infection compared to those who did not use the study room. Moreover, CCTV facial recognition analysis confirmed that 17.8% of 3rd-year students did not wear masks and had the lowest percentage of mask-wearers by grade. The air epidemiological survey conducted in the study room in the annex, which met the 3 criteria for a closed space, confirmed that there was only 10% natural ventilation due to the poor ventilation system.
Conclusion
To prevent and manage the spread of COVID-19 in educational facilities, advance measures that consider the size, operation, and resources of each school are crucial. In addition, various survey methodologies should be used in future studies to quickly analyze a wider range of data that can inform an evidence-based quarantine response.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Detection of a cluster of Omicron's BA.4 sublineage in Northern Senegal and identification of the first XAS recombinant variant in Senegal
    Martin Faye, Modeste Name Faye, Babacar Ndiaye, Moussa Moïse Diagne, Safietou Sankhe, Ndeye Marième Top, Amadou Diallo, Cheikh Loucoubar, Ndongo Dia, Amadou Alpha Sall, Ousmane Faye
    Virus Research.2024; 339: 199259.     CrossRef
  • 7,011 View
  • 233 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Risk factors associated with death due to severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in hospitalized Korean patients (2018–2022)
Jia Kim, Hyo-jeong Hong, Ji-hye Hwang, Na-Ri Shin, Kyungwon Hwang
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2023;14(3):151-163.
Published online June 8, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0048
Risk factors associated with death due to severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in hospitalized Korean patients (2018–2022)
Objectives
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) has no vaccine or treatment and an extremely high fatality rate. We aimed to analyze and evaluate the risk factors for death associated with SFTS.
Methods
Among reports from 2018 to 2022, we compared and analyzed 1,034 inpatients aged 18 years or older with laboratory-confirmed SFTS who underwent complete epidemiological investigations.
Results
Most of the inpatients with SFTS were aged 50 years or older (average age, 67.6 years). The median time from symptom onset to death was 9 days, and the average case fatality rate was 18.5%. Risk factors for death included age of 70 years or older (odds ratio [OR], 4.82); agriculture-related occupation (OR, 2.01); underlying disease (OR, 7.20); delayed diagnosis (OR, 1.28 per day); decreased level of consciousness (OR, 5.53); fever/chills (OR, 20.52); prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (OR, 4.19); and elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase (OR, 2.91), blood urea nitrogen (OR, 2.62), and creatine (OR, 3.21).
Conclusion
The risk factors for death in patients with SFTS were old age; agriculture-related occupation; underlying disease; delayed clinical suspicion; fever/chills; decreased level of consciousness; and elevated activated partial thromboplastin time, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatine levels.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Seroprevalence and Epidemiological Characteristics of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in Patients with Chronic Diseases in Korea
    Jongyoun Yi, Ahreum Kim, Maeng Seok Noh, Changhoon Kim, Hyun Jin Son, Mee Kyung Ko, Kye-Hyung Kim
    Viruses.2026; 18(2): 217.     CrossRef
  • Overwintering Ticks as a Reservoir for Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in the Republic of Korea
    Hyunyoung Yoon, Hee Il Lee, Seong Yoon Kim
    Entomological Research.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Identification of early prognostic biomarkers in Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome using machine learning algorithms
    Jie Zhu, Jianmei Zhou, Chunhui Tao, Guomei Xia, Bingyan Liu, Xiaowei Zheng, Xu Li, Zhenhua Zhang
    Annals of Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The immunogenicity and protection efficacy evaluation of mRNA vaccine candidate for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in mice
    Da-Eun Jeong, Jack Yoon, Baek Kim, Jun-Gu Kang, Abdallah M. Samy
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2025; 19(4): e0012999.     CrossRef
  • Retrospective Analysis of Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome and Construction of a Nomogram Prediction Model for Mortality Risk Factors
    Gang Chen, Yuchen Du, Xiuchang Ma, Yaowen Liang, Apeng Chen, Jie Wei, Jinhuan Wu, Wenxian Qian, Shuqin Xie, Yi Yan, Zheng Hu, Yishan Zheng, Man Tian, Changhua Yi
    Open Forum Infectious Diseases.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Deciphering the evolutionary landscape of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus across East Asia
    Dongbin Park, Kwan Woo Kim, Young-Il Kim, Mark Anthony B Casel, Hyunwoo Jang, Woohyun Kwon, Kanghee Kim, Se-Mi Kim, Monford Paul Abishek N, Eun-Ha Kim, Hobin Jang, Suhee Hwang, Seok-Min Yun, Joo-Yeon Lee, Hye Won Jeong, Su-Jin Park, Young Ki Choi
    Virus Evolution.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Acute kidney injury as a prognostic marker in severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
    Jin Mi Lee, Hae Lee Kim, Myoung-nam Lim, Changhyup Kim, Yeon Ju La, Yong Duk Jeon, Won Sup Oh, Seongmin Son, Sunhwa Lee, Hyunjeong Baek, Daniel Duck-Jin Hwang, Ji In Park
    Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Double-Stranded RNA-Based Method for Diagnosing Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia
    Jung Wan Park, Jaemin Jeon, Yoosik Kim, Min Hyok Jeon
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 14(1): 105.     CrossRef
  • 6,149 View
  • 251 Download
  • 7 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Risk factors for deaths associated with COVID-19 according to the cause of death classification in Republic of Korea
Na-Young Kim, Seong-Sun Kim, Hyun Ju Lee, Dong Hwi Kim, Boyeong Ryu, Eunjeong Shin, Donghyok Kwon
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2023;14(2):89-99.
Published online April 18, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0312
Risk factors for deaths associated with COVID-19 according to the cause of death classification in Republic of Korea
Objectives
This study aimed to classify coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related deaths according to whether COVID-19 was listed as the cause of death, and to investigate the differences in demographic characteristics and risk factors for COVID-19 death classifications.
Methods
A total of 5,625 deaths in South Korea among patients with confirmed COVID-19 from January 20, 2020 to December 31, 2021 were selected. Excluding false reports and unnatural deaths, 5,597 deaths were analyzed. Based on death report data, deaths were classified according to whether the cause of death was listed as COVID-19 (CD) or not (NCD). The epidemiological characteristics and causes of deaths were investigated using descriptive, univariate, and multivariate statistical analyses. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to analyze the risk factors.
Results
The case fatality ratio was 0.89% and increased with age. Additionally, 96.4% of the subjects had an underlying disease, and 53.4% died in winter. The proportion of NCDs was 9.3%, of whom 19.1% died at home and 39.0% were confirmed to have COVID-19 after death. Malignant neoplasms (102/416 vs. 637/4,442; OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.36−2.16; p<0.001) were significantly associated with NCD.
Conclusion
This is the first study to analyze risk factors by cause of death using COVID-19 death report data in South Korea. These results are expected to be used as evidence for establishing a death monitoring system that can collect timely information in a new infectious disease pandemic.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • A Meta-Analysis of the Association between Apolipoprotein E Polymorphisms and SARS-COV-2 Risk/Severity in the Korean Population
    T.-Th.-D. Nguyen, M. Zayed, D.-I. Choi, Ch.-S. Lee, B.-H. Jeong
    Russian Journal of Genetics.2025; 61(8): 997.     CrossRef
  • 5,687 View
  • 124 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Analysis of risk factors affecting suicidal ideation in South Korea by life cycle stage
Ji-Young Hwang, Il-Su Park
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2021;12(5):314-323.
Published online October 26, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0208
Objectives
This study analyzed risk factors for suicidal ideation in South Koreans from a life cycle perspective.
Methods
A secondary analysis was conducted of data collected in 2015 as part of the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The participants comprised 5,935 individuals aged 12 years or older. The statistical analysis reflected the complex sampling design of the KNHANES, and the Rao-Scott chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed.
Results
The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 5.7% in adolescents, 3.7% in young adults, 5.4% in middle-aged adults, and 7.0% in older adults. Depression and stress were risk factors in every stage of the life cycle. In those aged 12 to 19 years, activity restrictions were significantly associated with suicidal ideation. Education and subjective health status were risk factors in adults aged 20 to 39 years, and education, activity restrictions, and quality of life were the major risk factors in those aged 40 to 64 years. For adults 65 years of age or older, the risk of suicidal ideation was higher among those with inappropriate sleep time.
Conclusion
The risk factors for suicidal ideation were found to be different across stages of the life cycle. This suggests a need for individualized suicide prevention plans and specific government policies that reflect the characteristics of each life cycle stage.

Citations

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  • Suicidality risk of cancer caregivers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
    Xia-Yin Zhu, Lu-Yi Hu, Min-Ya Jin, Tao-Hsin Tung
    Annals of Medicine.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Factors associated with suicidal ideation among unmarried Korean women in their twenties: a cross-sectional study
    Myeong-Hui Choe
    BMC Women's Health.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • National Trends and Directions for Suicide Prevention Research in South Korea: A Narrative Review
    Ah Rah Lee, Je Young Hannah Sun, Myungjae Baik, Peter Jongho Na, Sang Min Lee, Jong-Woo Paik
    Psychiatry Investigation.2025; 22(6): 603.     CrossRef
  • Exploring Drug Use and Healthcare Utilization Among Adult Suicide Attempters: A Decision Tree Approach Using National Survey Data
    Bohyun Choi, Dajung Ryu, Mihyeon Seong, Sohyune Sok, Yufang Guo
    Journal of Nursing Management.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association between long working hours and the development of suicidal ideation among female workers: An 8-year population-based study using the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women & Family (2012–2020)
    Seong-Uk Baek, Yu-Min Lee, Jin-Ha Yoon
    Psychiatry Research.2024; 333: 115731.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and incidence of suicide, suicidal ideation and self-harm in caregivers of cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Chen Ee Low, Sean Loke, Sounak Rana, Ben Sim, Cyrus Su Hui Ho
    General Hospital Psychiatry.2024; 90: 35.     CrossRef
  • Psychological resilience and suicidality in the general population: A cross-sectional study based on data from the National Mental Health Survey of Korea 2021
    Seung-Hoon Lee, Junhyung Kim, Changsu Han
    Journal of Affective Disorders.2024; 363: 15.     CrossRef
  • Risk factors of passive suicidal ideation among outpatients in traditional medicine clinics: The case of Korean medicine in South Korea
    Ilsu Park, Tae-Hyeon Lee, Chan-Young Kwon
    Heliyon.2024; 10(17): e37181.     CrossRef
  • Development of a Clinical Guideline for Suicide Prevention in Psychiatric Patients Based on the ADAPTE Methodology
    Jeong Hun Yang, Jieun Yoo, Dae Hun Kang, C. Hyung Keun Park, Sang Jin Rhee, Min Ji Kim, Sang Yeol Lee, Se-Hoon Shim, Jung-Joon Moon, Seong-Jin Cho, Shin Gyeom Kim, Min-Hyuk Kim, Jinhee Lee, Won Sub Kang, Weon-Young Lee, Yong Min Ahn
    Psychiatry Investigation.2024; 21(10): 1149.     CrossRef
  • Hwa-byung (anger syndrome) as a risk factor for suicidal ideation in MZ generation: a survey study in South Korea
    Chan-Young Kwon
    Frontiers in Psychology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Alcohol Consumption and Quality of Life in Middle-aged Men
    Jeong-Sook Lee
    International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and A.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Factors Related to Suicidal Ideation by Gender and Age Group in Korean Adults
    Eun Young Kim, Yong Whi Jeong, Jihye Lim, Dae Ryong Kang
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association between Sleep Duration and Symptoms of Depression Aged between 18 and 49: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES Ⅶ) from 2016 to 2018
    Sung-Yong Choi, Ji-Eun Han, Jiae Choi, Minjung Park, Soo-Hyun Sung, Angela Dong-Min Sung
    Healthcare.2022; 10(11): 2324.     CrossRef
  • 10,462 View
  • 196 Download
  • 11 Web of Science
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Risk Factors in Early Life for Preschool Children in Korea that are Associated with Being Overweight or Obese
Jin Suk Ra, Hyun Jung Yun
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2020;11(1):15-26.
Published online February 28, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.1.04
<sec> <title>Objectives</title> <p>The present study addressed the risk factors in early life for Korean preschool children that are associated with being overweight or obese.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to conduct this study, which included 507 mothers with preschool children aged 3–5 years, who attended daycare centers. Data were acquired via a self-administered questionnaire completed by the mothers. Of the 650 questionnaires that were distributed, 507 (78%) were completed and sent back. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors in early life, which may contribute to being overweight or obese in preschool children.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Results</title> <p>Fifty-eight (11.4%) preschool children were overweight and 41 (8.1%) were obese. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with adjustment for covariates, revealed a significant association with the introduction of solid foods before 4 months of age [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 9.49, <italic>p</italic> = 0.029] and a nonresponsive feeding style (aOR = 2.80, <italic>p</italic> = 0.043) with being overweight or obese in preschool children.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>The findings of this study highlighted the need for parenting education programs on feeding practices to increase their understanding of hunger and satiety cues in infants, and appropriate timing for the introduction of solid foods.</p></sec>

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Trajectory of Obesity and the Impact of Eating Behaviors on Obesity in Preschool Children: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in Korea
    Kyeong Hun Lee, Baek Seung Kim, Gitae Seo, Hyeon-Jong Yang, Kyunghoon Kim, Eun-Ae Yang
    Children.2024; 11(11): 1297.     CrossRef
  • Systematic review and meta‐analysis of breastfeeding and later overweight or obesity expands on previous study for World Health Organization
    Bernardo Lessa Horta, Nigel Rollins, Mariane S. Dias, Valquiria Garcez, Rafael Pérez‐Escamilla
    Acta Paediatrica.2023; 112(1): 34.     CrossRef
  • 11,326 View
  • 183 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
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Enteroparasitism and Risk Factors Associated with Clinical Manifestations in Children and Adults of Jalisco State in Western Mexico
María de la Luz Galván-Ramírez, Ana Luisa Madriz-Elisondo, Cynthia Guadalupe Temores Ramírez, Jorge de Jesús Romero Rameño, Dania Araceli de la O Carrasco, Marco Antonio Cardona López
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2019;10(1):39-48.
Published online February 28, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.1.08
<sec> <title>Objectives</title> <p>To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with intestinal parasites in the population of San Juan Cosala, Jalisco, Mexico.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>A total of 277 samples from 104 participants were analysed using direct smear, flotation, formaldehyde/ethyl acetate, and modified Kinyoun’s acid-fast stain methods. The Graham method was applied only for samples from children under 12 years of age for the diagnosis of<italic> Enterobius vermicularis.</italic></p></sec> <sec> <title>Results</title> <p>The prevalence of parasite infections in the study population was 77.9% including:<italic> Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar/E. moshkovskii/E. bangladeshi</italic> (37.5%),<italic> Giardia intestinalis</italic> (11.5%);<italic> commensals: Endolimax nana</italic> (44.2%),<italic> Entamoeba coli</italic> (27.9%),<italic> Chilomastix mesnili</italic> (6.7%) and<italic> Iodamoeba bütschlii</italic>, (2.9%); emerging intestinal protozoans:<italic> Blastocystis</italic> spp. (49%),<italic> Cryptosporidium</italic> spp. (7.7%) and <italic>Cyclospora cayetanensis</italic> (2.9%); and helminths:<italic> Enterobius vermicularis</italic> (18.3%) and <italic>Ascaris lumbricoides</italic> (5.8%). The results also showed that 58.64% of the studied population presented polyparasitism. A significant association was found between protozoan infections and housewives, and houses that were not built with concrete ceilings, brick walls and cement floors (<italic>p</italic> < 0.05).</p></sec> <sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>Polyparasitism was observed in over half the study population. The most prevalent parasite was <italic>Blastocystis</italic> spp, whilst the prevalence of helminths was less than that of protozoans. The risk factors for infection to intestinal parasites were being a housewife and not having solid brick, cement and concrete materials for house construction.</p></sec>

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Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Obesity Levels in Korean Adults: Results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007–2015
Kwanjun Park, Sunmi Lim, Yoonhyung Park, Woong Ju, Yoonhee Shin, Hansol Yeom
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2018;9(4):150-159.
Published online August 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2018.9.4.03
<sec> <title>Objectives</title> <p>The increase in the obesity rate in adult males in Korea is higher than countries in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development and other Asian countries. We examined the trends and prevalence of major risk factors for cardiovascular disease by evaluating the weight status amongst adults from 2007 to 2015.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>The study included 37,402 adults, who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The prevalence trends of cardiovascular disease risk factors were estimated for each body mass index group.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Results</title> <p>From 2007 to 2015, significant increases in the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia were observed in normal weight adults (0.03 percentage point (%p), 0.06%p, and 0.13%p, respectively). Amongst the overweight and obese adults, a significant increase in the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was observed, During this period, the prevalence of smoking decreased amongst obese adults and no significant changes in drinking habits and physical activity were noted across all body mass index groups.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>The prevalence of obesity in Korean adults is increasing, and it is necessary to implement interventions to prevent further weight gain and obesity-associated cardiovascular disease.</p></sec>

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Age-differentiated Risk Factors of Suicidal Ideation among Young and Middle-aged Korean Adults
Ahra Jo, Minho Jeon, Heeyoung Oh
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2017;8(3):201-210.
Published online June 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.3.07
<sec><title>Objectives</title><p>This study aimed to determine the prevalence of suicidal ideation among young and middle-aged adults, and explore the risk factors that affect suicidal ideation.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>A descriptive study design was used for secondary data analysis. A total sample of 5,214 was drawn from two waves (2012–2013) of the 7th Korea Health Panel (KHP) survey. The KHP data were collected by a well-trained interviewer using the face-to-face method during home visits as well as self-report method. Descriptive statistics of frequency, percentage, chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis were performed using SPSS 22.0.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The prevalence of suicidal ideation in young and middle-aged adults was 4.4% and 5.6%, respectively. For young adults, suicidal ideation risk was higher among those with low income or heavy drinking habits. In middle-aged adults, low income, poor perceived health status, negative perception of peer-compared health status, and negative social perspective were the major risk factors.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>There is considerable risk of suicidal ideation in adulthood. Opportunities for increased income, avoidance of heavy drinking, and the construction of positive subjective health status and social perspective should be considered in suicide prevention interventions for Korean young and middle-aged adults.</p></sec>

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Low Levels of Extensively Drug-resistant Tuberculosis among Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis Isolates and Their Relationship to Risk Factors: Surveillance in Tehran, Iran; 2006 to 2014
Alireza Hadizadeh Tasbiti, Shamsi Yari, Mostafa Ghanei, Mohammad Ali Shokrgozar, Abolfazl Fateh, Ahmadreza Bahrmand
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2017;8(2):116-123.
Published online April 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.2.03
<sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is more expensive and difficult to treat than multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), and outcomes for patients are much worse; therefore, it is important that clinicians understand the magnitude and distribution of XDR-TB. We conducted a retrospective study to compare the estimated incidence of and risk factors for M/XDR-TB with those of susceptible TB controls.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Sputum culture and drug susceptibility testing (DST) were performed in patients with known or suspected TB. Strains that were identified as MDR were subjected to DST for second-line drugs using the proportion method.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Among 1,442 TB patients (mean age, 46.48 ± 21.24 years) who were culture-positive for <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</italic>, 1,126 (78.1%) yielded isolates that were resistant to at least one first-line drug; there were 33 isolates (2.3%) of MDR-TB, of which three (0.2%) were classified as XDR-TB. Ofloxacin resistance was found in 10 (0.7%) isolates. Women were 15% more likely than men to yield M/XDR-TB isolates, but this difference was not significant. In a multivariate analysis comparing susceptible TB with X/MDR-TB, only one variable—the number of previous treatment regimens—was associated with MDR (odds ratio, 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.14–21.2).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The burden of M/XDR-TB cases is not sizeable in Iran. Nonetheless, strategies must be implemented to identify and cure patients with pre-XDR-TB before they develop XDR-TB. Our results provide a greater understanding of the evolution and spread of M/XDR-TB in an environment where drug-resistant TB has a low incidence.</p></sec>

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    The International Journal of Mycobacteriology.2024; 13(3): 320.     CrossRef
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    Agumas Shibabaw, Baye Gelaw, Wondwossen Gebreyes, Richard Robinson, Shu-Hua Wang, Belay Tessema, Shampa Anupurba
    PLOS ONE.2020; 15(2): e0229040.     CrossRef
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    Infection and Drug Resistance.2020; Volume 13: 2073.     CrossRef
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    Biologicals.2017; 49: 33.     CrossRef
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Intake Trends of Red Meat, Alcohol, and Fruits and Vegetables as Cancer-Related Dietary Factors from 1998 to 2009
Min Kyung Park, Hee Young Paik, Yeonsook Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2016;7(3):180-189.
Published online June 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2016.04.005
Objectives
Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide, and cancer incidence and mortality have been increasing steadily in South Korea. This study aimed to examine the change in consumption of three cancer-related dietary factors—red meat, alcohol, and fruits/vegetables, and to evaluate consumption of these dietary factors among Koreans according to the criteria from the recommendations of the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute of Cancer Research.
Methods
Consumption of red meat, alcoholic beverages, and fruits and vegetables was calculated from the 24-hour recall data of 36,486 individuals older than 20 years who were selected from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1998–2009. The intake adequacy of these three factors was evaluated by the recommended criteria of the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute of Cancer Research report.
Results
The mean red meat intake in the men in their 20s increased sharply (from 91.6 g to 111.3 g, <i>p</i> < 0.05). The mean alcohol intake increased continuously in men (from 10.3 g to 20.0 g, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and women (from 1.5 g to 3.5 g, <i>p</i> < 0.05). The mean fruit/vegetable intake decreased in the 21–29–year age group (from 349.4 g to 306.7 g in men; from 393.3 g to 292.5 g in women; <i>p</i> < 0.05). The percentage of individuals who did not meet the intake criteria for the three cancer-related dietary factors was especially high, and the percentage increased over 10 years in those in their 20s (<i>p</i> < 0.05).
Conclusion
We confirmed that intakes of red meat, alcoholic drink, and fruits and vegetables have moved toward a negative direction in both men and women in their 20s.

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Accuracy of Self-reported Hypertension, Diabetes, and Hypercholesterolemia: Analysis of a Representative Sample of Korean Older Adults
Heeran Chun, Il-Ho Kim, Kyung-Duk Min
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2016;7(2):108-115.
Published online April 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2015.12.002
Objectives
This study will assess the accuracy of self-reported hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia among Korean older adults.
Methods
Using data from the fourth Korean National Health Examination and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES IV, 2007–2009), we selected 7,270 individuals aged 50 years and older who participated in both a health examination and a health interview survey. Self-reported prevalence of hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), and hypercholesterolemia was compared with measured data (arterial systolic/diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, and total cholesterol).
Results
An agreement between self-reported and measured data was only moderate for hypercholesterolemia (κ, 0.48), even though it was high for HTN (κ, 0.72) and DM (κ, 0. 82). Sensitivity was low in hypercholesterolemia (46.7%), but high in HTN and DM (73% and 79.3%, respectively). Multiple analysis shows that predictors for sensitivity differed by disease. People with less education were more likely to exhibit lower sensitivity to HTN and hypercholesterolemia, and people living in rural areas were less sensitive to DM and hypercholesterolemia.
Conclusion
Caution is needed in interpreting the results of community studies using self-reported data on chronic diseases, especially hypercholesterolemia, among adults aged 50 years and older.

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Composition of Metabolic Syndrome Among Korean Adults in a Lifestyle Modification Intervention
Nan-He Yoon, Seunghyun Yoo, Hyekyeong Kim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2014;5(6):370-377.
Published online December 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.10.005
Objectives
The aim of this study was to examine the composition of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components among middle-aged and older Koreans.
Methods
A total of 263 participants (age 40 + years) in a lifestyle modification intervention program who met the MetS definition of National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) – Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III criteria were included in the study. The frequent patterns and clustering of MetS components were investigated. Clustering of changes in individual components, through a lifestyle modification intervention, was also identified. All characteristics were stratified by and compared between sexes.
Results
Approximately 80% of the participants had three of five MetS risk factors at baseline. The prevalence of each risk differed by sex. MetS composition patterns that do not include low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were more noticeable in men because of the low prevalence of low HDL cholesterol. In women, with higher prevalence of low HDL cholesterol, more patterns that include low HDL cholesterol were observed. The most common combination was “elevated blood pressure + abdominal obesity + impaired fasting glucose” in both sexes. Clustering of MetS risks was also found with most of the frequent combinations of MetS components. Through the lifestyle intervention, the greatest change was observed in HDL cholesterol among men and blood pressure among women. Triglycerides and HDL cholesterol were likely to be improved with blood pressure in men and abdominal obesity in women.
Conclusion
Differences in the prevalent patterns of MetS compositions were observed prior to and after the intervention, along with during-intervention changes. It is recommended that intervention strategies and guidelines for MetS management consider the MetS composition patterns for effectiveness.

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Evidence Gap on the Prevalence of Non-conventional Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes in Iran
Abdolreza Shaghaghi, Ali Ahmadi
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2014;5(5):292-297.
Published online October 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.08.002
Objectives
Robust scientific evidence exists about the role of non-conventional risk factors in type 2 diabetes worldwide. The current epidemiological pattern of the disease in Iran suggests a precipitating role for these non-conventional risk factors. This review was performed to examine the research evidence suggesting a higher prevalence of non-conventional type 2 diabetes risk factors in Iran.
Methods
MeSH keywords were applied to search several databases, including PUBMED, MEDLINE, AMED, EMBASE, Iran DOC, and the Scientific Information Database without a time limit from inception to September 2011. The quality of the non-interventional and population-based studies on Iranians included in these databases was assessed by the authors and any disagreement was resolved with consensus.
Results
The literature search yielded 1847 publications, of which 62 were included in this study after eliminating non-relevant and overlapping papers. No study was found that verified a higher prevalence of the non-conventional type 2 diabetes risk factors in the Iranian population.
Conclusion
The identified evidence gap about the role of prominent non-conventional risk factors of type 2 diabetes in the Iranian population could be a major caveat in the application of an evidence-based approach to endorse or reject existing hypothesis about these risk factors. Studies on the prevalence of non-conventional biomarkers of type 2 diabetes among Iranians could be a promising area of research.

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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Clonorchiasis among the Populations Served by Primary Healthcare Posts along Five Major Rivers in South Korea
Kyung Ja June, Shin Hyeong Cho, Won Ja Lee, Chunmi Kim, Kyung-Soon Park
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2013;4(1):21-26.
Published online February 28, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2012.12.002
Objectives
Clonorchiasis is an infectious disease caused by the Chinese liver fluke <i>Clonorchis sinensis</i>. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and risk factors of clonorchiasis among the populations served by primary healthcare posts along five major rivers in South Korea.
Methods
Forty primary healthcare posts that are located less than 5 km from one of the five rivers were selected from 26 counties. For the purpose of the survey, community health practitioners selected the nearest villages from the riversides in their own catchment area. From January to May 2009, a total of 2788 stool samples were collected and examined using the formalin–ether sedimentation technique. Village inhabitants were also interviewed by means of questionnaires in order to obtain information on potential risk factors.
Results
The prevalence rates of clonorchiasis at various river basins were as follows: Seomjin River, 21.3%; Nakdong River, 13.5%; Geum River, 9.2%; Han River, 7.6%; and Yeongsan River, 4.9%. The total number of people infected with <i>C. sinensis</i> was 329 (11.3%). By gender, 14.3% of males and 7.6% of females were infected. In case of both males and females, the prevalence rate was highest in those in their 40s. Consumption of raw freshwater fish was confirmed as a risk factor based on a logistic regression analysis.
Conclusion
The present findings suggest that clonorchiasis is still highly prevalent among the inhabitants of riverside areas in southern Korea, and, accordingly, it is necessary to implement a systematic control program in the endemic areas.

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  • Assessing trends in clonorchiasis incidence via prescription data analysis in South Korea
    Taeksang Lee, Jun Hyun Lee, Hanna Jin, Yun Kyung Lee, Hyun Beom Song
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    Woon-Mok Sohn
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  • Risk factors for Clonorchis sinensis infections and control measures reinforced with focused interviews
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    Parasitology Research.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Hai-Yan Xiao, Jong-Yil Chai, Yue-Yi Fang, Ying-Si Lai
    The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific.2023; 33: 100697.     CrossRef
  • Global prevalence of 4 neglected foodborne trematodes targeted for control by WHO: A scoping review to highlight the gaps
    Rachel Tidman, Kaushi S. T. Kanankege, Mathieu Bangert, Bernadette Abela-Ridder, Paul R. Torgerson
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2023; 17(3): e0011073.     CrossRef
  • Infection Characteristics of Clonorchis sinensis Metacercariae in Fish from Republic of Korea
    Woon-Mok Sohn
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2022; 60(2): 79.     CrossRef
  • Survey of Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Fish from Water Systems of Geum-gang (River) in Republic of Korea
    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Cheon-Hyeon Kim, Min-Ah Hwang, Kyeong-Woo No, Jai-Dong Kim
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(1): 23.     CrossRef
  • Risk Factors for Clonorchis sinensis Infection in Residents of Binyang, Guangxi: A Cross-Sectional and Logistic Analysis Study
    Meng Xu, Yanyan Jiang, Jianhai Yin, Shengkui Cao, Yujuan Shen, Jianping Cao
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    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Hee Il Lee, Myoung-Ro Lee, Jung-Won Ju, Gou Ok Kim
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(1): 97.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and Infection Intensity of Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Fish from Soyang-cheon (Stream), in Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jung-Won Ju, Cheon-Hyeon Kim, Min-Ah Hwang, Kyeong-Woo No, Jong-Ho Park
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(3): 265.     CrossRef
  • Survey of Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Fish from Irrigation Canal of Togyo-jeosuji (Reservoir) in Cheorwon-gun, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Hee Il Lee, Jung-Won Ju, Myoung-Ro Lee, Eun-Joo Lim, Sung Yong Son, Eunmi Ko, Jaeseok Choi
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(4): 427.     CrossRef
  • Endemicity of Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Fish from Deokcheon-gang (River) in Sancheong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
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  • Prevalence and Risk Factors of Clonorchiasis among Residents of Riverside Areas in Muju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
    Do-Soon Park, Sung-Jin Na, Shin Hyeong Cho, Kyung Ja June, Young-Chae Cho, Young-Ha Lee
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2014; 52(4): 391.     CrossRef
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    Chunmi Kim, Kyung-Ja June, Aeyoung So
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nurs.2013; 24(4): 398.     CrossRef
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Objectives
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases that has shown a remarkable increase, but little is known about the prevalence of low HDL-C in Korea. This study aimed to evaluate changing trends of low HDL-C prevalence, and indicate other risk factors associated with low HDL-C.
Methods
We selected subjects aged ≥20 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 1998, 2001, and 2005 (<i>n</i> = 7962, 6436, and 6412). The mean level of HDL-C and the prevalence of low HDL-C was calculated, and cardiovascular risk factors associated with low HDL-C, as well as demographic, anthropometric, lifestyle, and nutrition factors, were assessed using the KNHANES 2005 data.
Results
Mean HDL-C levels in men and women between KNHANES 1998 and 2005 decreased significantly, from 48.1 to 42.3 and from 51.6 to 47.1 mg/dL, respectively (both <i>p</i> < 0.001). The decrease was slightly less for women compared with men for the same period, and women had higher HDL-C levels at all periods. Covariate-adjusted OR revealed that body mass index, waist circumference, and non-alcohol drinker in both men and women were associated with low HDL-C levels by KNHANES 2005, as were employed and light physical activity in men and low fat intake in women.
Conclusion
The prevalence of low HDL-C increased significantly from KNHANES 1998 to 2001 and 2005 (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in both men and women. body mass index, waist circumference, and non-alcohol drinker were identified as associated with low HDL-C in Korean adults.

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