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PHRP : Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives

OPEN ACCESS. pISSN: 2210-9099. eISSN: 2233-6052

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Original Articles

Correlates and co-occurrence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases among adolescents in schools in Karnataka, India: a cross-sectional study
Tejaswini Bangalore Darukaradhya, Krishnamurthy Jayanna, Shivaraj Nallur Somanna, Sony Sequeira, Shalini Chandrashekar Nooyi
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2026;17(1):83-93.
Published online February 10, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0204
Correlates and co-occurrence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases among adolescents in schools in Karnataka, India: a cross-sectional study
Objectives
Non-communicable disease (NCD) risk among adolescents represents a growing concern due to modifiable, lifestyle-related behavioral risk factors. Early identification and control of these factors are essential for prevention. This study assessed the correlates and co-occurrence of NCD-related lifestyle risk factors among school-going adolescents in Karnataka, India, aiming to inform intervention development.
Methods
Screening was conducted among 1,100 school adolescents aged 13–16 years from 8 randomly selected urban and rural schools in Karnataka. Data were collected using a validated self-administered questionnaire covering sociodemographic characteristics and social cognitive theory predictors of lifestyle practices. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression were employed.
Results
Of the 1,100 adolescents surveyed, 552 and 548 were from urban and rural areas, respectively. Both groups reported high rates of insufficient fruit and vegetable (FV) intake (96.7% and 67.7%, respectively), inadequate physical activity (96.7% and 68.6%), tobacco use (5.6% and 11.5%), and alcohol consumption (5.6% and 10.8%). On logistic regression, urban adolescents were significantly more likely than rural peers to exhibit multiple behavioral risk factors, with 19-fold higher odds of having ≥1 factor (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 19.04; p<0.001) and 4-fold higher odds of having ≥2 (AOR, 4.06; p<0.001). Parental (particularly maternal) education was associated with NCD risk (AOR, 1.82; p=0.001). Physical inactivity significantly co-occurred with low FV intake (71.7%) and junk food consumption (72.8%).
Conclusion
Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors among adolescents displayed significant co-occurrence, underscoring the critical need for comprehensive, theory-based school interventions to address multiple interconnected risk factors and mitigate the burden of NCDs.
  • 495 View
  • 26 Download
Factors influencing adherence to anti-tuberculosis treatment in Morocco: a cross-sectional study from the Béni Mellal-Khénifra region
Mohamed Dellal, Sanae Batoui, Youness Aassem, Khalid Habbari
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(5):476-485.
Published online September 19, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0153
Factors influencing adherence to anti-tuberculosis treatment in Morocco: a cross-sectional study from the Béni Mellal-Khénifra region
Objectives
Adherence to anti-tuberculosis treatment is essential for achieving successful outcomes and preventing the emergence of drug-resistant strains. This study aimed to evaluate adherence levels and identify factors associated with non-adherence among tuberculosis patients in the Béni Mellal-Khénifra region of Morocco. We hypothesized that sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral factors influence adherence.
Methods
A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2023 to December 2024 in 2 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease Diagnostic Centers in the Béni Mellal-Khénifra region. A total of 481 patients who had been on treatment for at least 2 months were recruited using convenience sampling. Data were collected through structured, pre-tested questionnaires administered in face-to-face interviews and verified against treatment cards and medical records. Adherence was defined as taking ≥90% of prescribed doses. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of non-adherence.
Results
Among the 481 participants, 8.1% were non-adherent. Significant predictors of non-adherence included forgetfulness (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 38.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 11.35–132.88), adverse effects (AOR, 14.26; 95% CI, 3.17–64.13), male sex (AOR, 6.77; 95% CI, 1.45–31.60), rural residence (AOR, 4.42; 95% CI, 1.37–14.25), self-adjusted dosing (AOR, 5.83; 95% CI, 1.20–28.34), stopping treatment after symptom improvement (AOR, 6.56; 95% CI, 1.34–32.14), and missed follow-up visits (AOR, 6.74; 95% CI, 1.56–29.19).
Conclusion
Although overall adherence was high, 8.1% of patients were non-adherent. Strategies to improve adherence should focus on addressing forgetfulness, managing side effects, enhancing access in rural areas, and reinforcing patient education and follow-up systems to improve treatment outcomes in this and similar settings.

Citations

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  • Longitudinal Observation by Optical Coherence Tomography in Patients Treated with Ethambutol: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Rui Luo, Jin Ma, Yong Zhong
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2026; 15(3): 1230.     CrossRef
  • 870 View
  • 70 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Risk of tuberculosis in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus based on the tuberculosis predictive index score: a case-control study in Indonesia
Dea P. Audina, Rachel S. Aritonang, Muhammad I. Mokoagow
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(4):406-414.
Published online June 11, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0310
Risk of tuberculosis in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus based on the tuberculosis predictive index score: a case-control study in Indonesia
Objectives
The co-occurrence of tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus presents a significant global health challenge, marked by a bidirectional relationship. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the tuberculosis predictive index (TPI) score, developed by Isfandiari et al., in predicting TB occurrence among individuals living with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A case-control study was conducted using primary data collected through questionnaires administered to individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with and without pulmonary TB, at the internal medicine outpatient clinic of Fatmawati General Hospital from June to August 2024. The study compared TPI scores between those with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had TB and those who did not. Results: TPI scores were significantly associated with TB risk. Individuals with both type 2 diabetes mellitus and TB had a 6.8-fold higher risk (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.6–17.6; p<0.001) than those without TB. Further chi-square analysis identified three significant risk factors: individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus exhibiting TB-like symptoms had a 13.3-fold increased TB risk (95% CI, 5.1–34.3; p<0.001); those with a body mass index below 18.5 kg/m² had a 3.3-fold higher risk (95% CI, 1.0–11.0; p=0.039); and those living in poorly ventilated homes (ventilation ≤10%) had a 3.2-fold higher risk (95% CI, 1.0–9.8; p=0.035). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus who developed TB had significantly higher TPI scores, corresponding to a 6.8-fold increased risk compared to their counterparts without TB. The TPI score may serve as a valuable tool for predicting TB risk among populations living with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Citations

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  • Artificial intelligence and biohealth: the Republic of Korea’s emerging priorities in health care R&D
    Jong-Koo Lee
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2025; 16(4): 309.     CrossRef
  • 1,954 View
  • 114 Download
  • Crossref

Short Communication

First report of human Mycobacterium bovis infection in a veterinary laboratory worker in the Republic of Korea
Ji-Yeon Lee, Seong Wook Pyo, Jieun Kim, Young-Joon Park
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(3):292-299.
Published online April 16, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0343
First report of human <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> infection in a veterinary laboratory worker in the Republic of Korea
Objectives
In the Republic of Korea, the previous surveillance system for zoonotic tuberculosis (TB) involved the X-ray testing of humans in contact with Mycobacterium bovis-infected livestock. In contrast, the updated surveillance system incorporates the genotyping of cultured Mycobacterium isolates for high-risk occupational groups. This study aimed to systematically document the detection, diagnosis, assessment, and response in the epidemic investigation of zoonotic TB in a laboratory worker in the Republic of Korea.
Methods
M. bovis was confirmed using spoligotyping and whole genome sequencing. Clinical characteristics were reviewed through epidemiological investigation and interviews with the affected individual. Transmission routes and secondary spread were assessed via field epidemiological investigations and contact evaluations using chest X-ray and interferon gamma release assay for latent TB infection.
Results
A 56-year-old laboratory worker presented with chest X-ray findings compatible with TB and subsequently tested positive for M. bovis. She had no clinical or family history of TB and remained asymptomatic. She completed a 6 month treatment regimen of isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide without hospitalization. Although no direct transmission pathways for zoonotic TB were identified, her work in a laboratory, processing specimens for zoonotic TB, indicated potential laboratory related exposure.
Conclusion
This case underscores the importance of stringent use of personal protective equipment among high-risk occupational groups and the implementation of an enhanced surveillance system to report zoonotic TB. These findings highlight the need for a One Health approach and proactive surveillance, emphasizing the necessity of refining and strengthening surveillance systems for precise monitoring and an effective response.
  • 3,101 View
  • 176 Download

Original Articles

Performance of indicators used in regular risk assessments for COVID-19 in association with contextual factors
Sujin Hong, Jiyoung Oh, Jia Lee, Yongmoon Kim, Bryan Inho Kim, Min Jei Lee, Hyunjung Kim, Sangwoo Tak
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(5):420-428.
Published online October 31, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0141
Performance of indicators used in regular risk assessments for COVID-19 in association with contextual factors
Objectives
This study aimed to summarize the results of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) risk assessments and to examine the associations between risk levels and various indicators, including COVID-19 incidence, risk perception, community mobility, and government policy.
Methods
The results of the risk assessment and the indicators utilized were summarized. From November 2021 to May 2022, the COVID-19 risk level was evaluated on a weekly basis, and its correlation with these indicators was analyzed. Data were obtained from press releases by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, regular surveys conducted by Hankook Research, and information available on the Google and Oxford websites.
Results
Weekly risk assessments were conducted for 30 weeks, using different indices depending on the phases. Correlation analysis revealed the strongest positive correlation between risk level and risk perception (r=0.841). The risk level from “1-week lead” demonstrated a strong positive correlation with the time-varying reproduction number (Rt). Similarly, the risk level from “week lagged value” showed a strong positive correlation with the number of severe cases in the hospital.
Conclusion
At the time of risk assessment, the Rt precedes the risk level, while severe cases in hospitals follow. Therefore, the assessed risk level functioned as an early warning system. Risk perception demonstrated the strongest correlation with the risk level, suggesting consistency throughout the assessment period. Contextual indicators (e.g., risk perception) that consider time lags and implementation scales, could improve the evaluation of future risk assessment results, particularly when there are challenges in reflecting specific situations in coordinated emergency response.
  • 2,785 View
  • 56 Download
Individual and contextual factors associated with measles infection in Malaysia: a multilevel analysis
Mohd Rujhan Hadfi Mat Daud, Nor Azwany Yaacob, Wan Nor Arifin, Jamiatul Aida Md Sani, Wan Abdul Hannan Wan Ibadullah
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(5):429-439.
Published online August 21, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0156
Individual and contextual factors associated with measles infection in Malaysia: a multilevel analysis
Objectives
Despite effective vaccination strategies, measles remains a global public health challenge. The study explored individual and contextual factors associated with measles infection in Malaysia from 2018 to 2022, informing the development of targeted public health interventions. Methods: This cross-sectional study utilised data from the Ministry of Health, the Department of Statistics, and the Department of Environment Malaysia. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was employed to examine individual-level factors, including age, sex, ethnicity, nationality, contact history, travel history, and vaccination status. Concurrently, contextual factors were assessed, encompassing district-level determinants such as population density, median household income, urbanisation, the number of health and rural clinics, vaccination rates, fine particulate matter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) levels, relative humidity, and temperature, to determine their impact on measles infection risk. Results: Measles infection was significantly associated with various individual factors. These included age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–1.03), ethnicity, non-Malaysian nationality (aOR, 34.53; 95% CI, 8.42– 141.51), prior contact with a measles case (aOR, 2.36; 95% CI, 2.07–2.69), travel history (aOR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.13–4.70), and vaccination status (aOR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.72–0.79). Among contextual factors, urbanisation (aOR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.16– 2.10) and the number of clinics (aOR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97–0.99) were significant determinants. Conclusion: This multilevel logistic regression analysis illuminates the complexities of measles transmission, advocating public health interventions tailored to individual and contextual vulnerabilities. The findings highlight the need for a synergistic approach that combines vaccination campaigns, healthcare accessibility improvements, and socioeconomic interventions to effectively combat measles.
  • 7,821 View
  • 218 Download
Identifying risk factors for COVID-19 cluster infections in schools in the Republic of Korea: a case-control study
Jihyun Choi, Seongju Choi, Baigu Lee, Young-Joon Park, Sang Eun Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(4):375-382.
Published online July 11, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0351
Identifying risk factors for COVID-19 cluster infections in schools in the Republic of Korea: a case-control study
Objectives
No study has yet analyzed risk factors to determine whether students with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections may affect students at neighboring schools. Therefore, this study aimed to determine risk factors for COVID-19 transmission among schools within a community in the Republic of Korea.
Methods
An epidemiological investigation was conducted among 696 students and school staff members at 3 schools where COVID-19 clusters began on October 15, 2021. Interviews, visit history surveys, a facility risk assessment, and closed-circuit television were used to identify risk factors. The statistical significance of risk factors was also evaluated.
Results
We confirmed 129 cases (18.5%) among the individuals exposed to COVID-19 at the 3 schools, many of whom had a history of visiting the same multi-use facilities. The odds ratio of having visited multi-use facilities such as karaoke rooms was 1.90 (95% confidence interval, 1.03–3.50); the number of visits to a karaoke room and the visit durations were significantly higher among confirmed cases than non-confirmed cases (p=0.02 and p=0.03, respectively).
Conclusion
Having a history of visiting karaoke rooms often and spending a long time there were risk factors for COVID-19 infection and inter-school transmission. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the status of multi-use facilities frequently visited by adolescents and consider incorporating them into the scope of school quarantine to prevent infectious diseases at schools in a community.
  • 4,090 View
  • 85 Download
The risk associated with psychiatric disturbances in patients with diabetes in Indonesia (2018): a cross-sectional observational study video
Siti Isfandari, Betty Roosihermiatie, Sulistyowati Tuminah, Laurentia Konadi Mihardja
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2023;14(5):368-378.
Published online October 18, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0144
The risk associated with psychiatric disturbances in patients with diabetes in Indonesia (2018): a cross-sectional observational study
Objectives
The global prevalence of psychiatric disturbances is rising, detrimentally affecting the quality of care and treatment outcomes for individuals, particularly those with diabetes.This study investigated the association of risk factors for psychiatric disturbances among productive-age patients with diabetes (ages 30−59 years), considering sociodemographic characteristics and co-existing diseases. The risk factors considered included sociodemographic factors (e.g., residence, age, sex, marital status, education, and occupation) and co-existing diseases (e.g., hypertension, heart disease, stroke, renal failure, rheumatism, asthma, and cancer). Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized data from the 2018 Indonesian National Health Survey (Riskesdas). The study population comprised respondents aged between 30 and 59 years who had diabetes and had completed the 20-question self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20). After the exclusion of incomplete SRQ-20 data, the sample included 8,917 respondents. Data were analyzed using logistic regression. Results: Approximately 18.29% of individuals with diabetes displayed symptoms indicative of psychiatric disturbances. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors such as age, sex, education level, occupation, marital status, and place of residence, patients with diabetes who had co-existing conditions such as hypertension, heart diseases, rheumatic disorders, asthma, or cancer had a higher risk for developing psychiatric disturbances than those with diabetes alone (adjusted odds ratio, 6.67; 95% confidence interval, 4.481−9.928; p<0.001). Conclusion: The elevated risk of psychiatric disturbances among patients with diabetes who had comorbidities underscores the importance of addressing mental health issues in the management of diabetes, especially in patients with concurrent disease conditions.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • The impact of dietary consumption on hypertension in indonesia: An analysis of indonesian health survey 2023
    Cici A. Yanti, Ratna Djuwita, Evi Martha, Besral, Debby Ratno Kustanto, Noor Mastura Mohd Mujar
    Journal of Education and Health Promotion.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Investigating the association between physical fitness and blood pressure among healthcare workers in Indonesia
    Wahyu Sulistiadi, Riswandy Wasir, Astriana, Badra Al Aufa, Sri Rahayu, Wasir Thalib, Fadilah Aulia Rahma
    Discover Social Science and Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Correction to “The risk associated with psychiatric disturbances in patients with diabetes in Indonesia (2018): a cross-sectional observational study” [Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2023;14(5):368–78]
    Siti Isfandari, Betty Roosihermiatie, Sulistyowati Tuminah, Laurentia Konadi Mihardja
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2023; 14(6): 530.     CrossRef
  • 4,985 View
  • 117 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Household secondary attack rates and risk factors during periods of SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variant predominance in the Republic of Korea
Jin Lee, Mijeong Ko, Seontae Kim, Dosang Lim, Gemma Park, Sang-Eun Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2023;14(4):263-271.
Published online August 11, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0133
Household secondary attack rates and risk factors during periods of SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variant predominance in the Republic of Korea
Objectives
The household secondary attack rate (SAR) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an important indicator for community transmission. This study aimed to characterize transmission by comparing household SARs and identifying risk factors during the periods of Delta and Omicron variant predominance in Republic of Korea.
Methods
We defined the period of Delta variant predominance (Delta period) as July 25, 2021 to January 15, 2022, and the period of Omicron variant predominance (Omicron period) as February 7 to September 3, 2022. The number of index cases included was 214,229 for the Delta period and 5,521,393 for the Omicron period. To identify the household SARs and risk factors for each period, logistic regression was performed to determine the adjusted odds ratio (aOR).
Results
The SAR was 35.2% for the Delta period and 43.1% for the Omicron period. The aOR of infection was higher in 2 groups, those aged 0 to 18 years and ≥75 years, compared to those aged 19 to 49 years. Unvaccinated individuals (vs. vaccinated individuals) and individuals experiencing initial infection (vs. individuals experiencing a second or third infection) had an increased risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2.
Conclusion
This study analyzed the household SARs and risk factors. We hope that the results can help develop age-specific immunization plans and responses to reduce the SAR in preparation for emerging infectious diseases or potential new variants of SARS-CoV-2.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Lower Levels of Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant of Concern vs Wild Type: An Interplay Between Transmissibility and Immune Status
    Angelique M A M Winkel, Eva Kozanli, Mildred E Haverkort, Sjoerd M Euser, Judith G C Sluiter-Post, Rob Mariman, Afke Vogelzang, Jordy de Bakker, Coen R Lap, Marianne A van Houten, Dirk Eggink, Steven F L van Lelyveld
    The Journal of Infectious Diseases.2025; 231(3): 653.     CrossRef
  • Impact of disease severity, age, sex, comorbidity, and vaccination on secondary attack rates of SARS-CoV-2: a global systematic review and meta-analysis
    Dewan Md. Sumsuzzman, Yang Ye, Zhen Wang, Abhishek Pandey, Joanne M. Langley, Alison P. Galvani, Seyed M. Moghadas
    BMC Infectious Diseases.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • SARS-CoV-2 secondary attack rates and risks for transmission among agricultural workers and their households in Guatemala, 2022-2023
    Joseph Daniel Carreon, Molly M. Lamb, Anna N. Chard, Diva M. Calvimontes, Chelsea Iwamoto, Neudy Rojop, Jose Monzon, Ian D. Plumb, Edgar Barrios, Julio del Cid-Villatoro, Kareen Arias, Melissa Gomez, Claudia Maribel Paiz Reyes, Maria Renee Lopez, May Chu,
    IJID Regions.2025; 16: 100676.     CrossRef
  • 6,430 View
  • 171 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Risk factors for transmission in a COVID-19 cluster infection in a high school in the Republic of Korea
Jin-Hwan Jeon, Su Jin Kang, Se-Jin Jeong, Hyeon-Cheol Jang, Young-Joon Park, Sang-Eun Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2023;14(4):252-262.
Published online July 27, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0125
Risk factors for transmission in a COVID-19 cluster infection in a high school in the Republic of Korea
Objectives
This study aimed to examine the scale, characteristics, risk factors, and modes of transmission in a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak at a high school in Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Methods
An epidemiological survey was conducted of 1,118 confirmed cases and close contacts from a COVID-19 outbreak at an educational facility starting on May 31, 2021. In-depth interviews, online questionnaires, flow evaluations, and CCTV analyses were used to devise infection prevention measures. Behavioral and spatial risk factors were identified, and statistical significance was tested.
Results
Among 3rd-year students, there were 33 confirmed COVID-19 cases (9.6%). Students who used a study room in the annex building showed a statistically significant 4.3-fold elevation in their relative risk for infection compared to those who did not use the study room. Moreover, CCTV facial recognition analysis confirmed that 17.8% of 3rd-year students did not wear masks and had the lowest percentage of mask-wearers by grade. The air epidemiological survey conducted in the study room in the annex, which met the 3 criteria for a closed space, confirmed that there was only 10% natural ventilation due to the poor ventilation system.
Conclusion
To prevent and manage the spread of COVID-19 in educational facilities, advance measures that consider the size, operation, and resources of each school are crucial. In addition, various survey methodologies should be used in future studies to quickly analyze a wider range of data that can inform an evidence-based quarantine response.

Citations

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  • Detection of a cluster of Omicron's BA.4 sublineage in Northern Senegal and identification of the first XAS recombinant variant in Senegal
    Martin Faye, Modeste Name Faye, Babacar Ndiaye, Moussa Moïse Diagne, Safietou Sankhe, Ndeye Marième Top, Amadou Diallo, Cheikh Loucoubar, Ndongo Dia, Amadou Alpha Sall, Ousmane Faye
    Virus Research.2024; 339: 199259.     CrossRef
  • 6,568 View
  • 233 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Results of contact tracing for SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sub-lineages (BA.4, BA.5, BA.2.75) and the household secondary attack risk
Mi Yu, Sang-Eun Lee, Hye Young Lee, Hye-jin Kim, Yeong-Jun Song, Jian Jeong, Ae Kyung Park, Il-Hwan Kim, Eun-jin Kim, Young-Joon Park
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2023;14(3):173-179.
Published online June 22, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0285
Results of contact tracing for SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sub-lineages (BA.4, BA.5, BA.2.75) and the household secondary attack risk
Objectives
This study aimed to assess the contact tracing outcomes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron sub-lineages BA.4, BA.5, and BA.2.75 within Republic of Korea, and to generate foundational data for responding to future novel variants.
Methods
We conducted investigations and contact tracing for 79 confirmed BA.4 cases, 396 confirmed BA.5 cases, and 152 confirmed BA.2.75 cases. These cases were identified through random sampling of both domestically confirmed and imported cases, with the goal of evaluating the pattern of occurrence and transmissibility.
Results
We detected 79 instances of Omicron sub-lineage BA.4 across a span of 46 days, 396 instances of Omicron sub-lineage BA.5 in 46 days, and 152 instances of Omicron sub-lineage BA.2.75 over 62 days. One patient with severe illness was confirmed among the BA.5 cases; however, there were no reports of severe illness in the confirmed BA.4 and BA.2.75 cases. The secondary attack risk among household contacts were 19.6% for BA.4, 27.8% for BA.5, and 24.3% for BA.2.75. No statistically significant difference was found between the Omicron sub-lineages.
Conclusion
BA.2.75 did not demonstrate a higher tendency for transmissibility, disease severity, or secondary attack risk within households when compared to BA.4 and BA.5. We will continue to monitor major SARS-CoV-2 variants, and we plan to enhance the disease control and response systems.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Impact of disease severity, age, sex, comorbidity, and vaccination on secondary attack rates of SARS-CoV-2: a global systematic review and meta-analysis
    Dewan Md. Sumsuzzman, Yang Ye, Zhen Wang, Abhishek Pandey, Joanne M. Langley, Alison P. Galvani, Seyed M. Moghadas
    BMC Infectious Diseases.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Replication kinetics and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant sublineages recovered in the Republic of Korea
    Jeong-Min Kim, Dongju Kim, Jee Eun Rhee, Cheon Kwon Yoo, Eun-Jin Kim
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2024; 15(3): 260.     CrossRef
  • 4,222 View
  • 88 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Risk factors associated with death due to severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in hospitalized Korean patients (2018–2022)
Jia Kim, Hyo-jeong Hong, Ji-hye Hwang, Na-Ri Shin, Kyungwon Hwang
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2023;14(3):151-163.
Published online June 8, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0048
Risk factors associated with death due to severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in hospitalized Korean patients (2018–2022)
Objectives
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) has no vaccine or treatment and an extremely high fatality rate. We aimed to analyze and evaluate the risk factors for death associated with SFTS.
Methods
Among reports from 2018 to 2022, we compared and analyzed 1,034 inpatients aged 18 years or older with laboratory-confirmed SFTS who underwent complete epidemiological investigations.
Results
Most of the inpatients with SFTS were aged 50 years or older (average age, 67.6 years). The median time from symptom onset to death was 9 days, and the average case fatality rate was 18.5%. Risk factors for death included age of 70 years or older (odds ratio [OR], 4.82); agriculture-related occupation (OR, 2.01); underlying disease (OR, 7.20); delayed diagnosis (OR, 1.28 per day); decreased level of consciousness (OR, 5.53); fever/chills (OR, 20.52); prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (OR, 4.19); and elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase (OR, 2.91), blood urea nitrogen (OR, 2.62), and creatine (OR, 3.21).
Conclusion
The risk factors for death in patients with SFTS were old age; agriculture-related occupation; underlying disease; delayed clinical suspicion; fever/chills; decreased level of consciousness; and elevated activated partial thromboplastin time, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatine levels.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Seroprevalence and Epidemiological Characteristics of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in Patients with Chronic Diseases in Korea
    Jongyoun Yi, Ahreum Kim, Maeng Seok Noh, Changhoon Kim, Hyun Jin Son, Mee Kyung Ko, Kye-Hyung Kim
    Viruses.2026; 18(2): 217.     CrossRef
  • Identification of early prognostic biomarkers in Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome using machine learning algorithms
    Jie Zhu, Jianmei Zhou, Chunhui Tao, Guomei Xia, Bingyan Liu, Xiaowei Zheng, Xu Li, Zhenhua Zhang
    Annals of Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The immunogenicity and protection efficacy evaluation of mRNA vaccine candidate for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in mice
    Da-Eun Jeong, Jack Yoon, Baek Kim, Jun-Gu Kang, Abdallah M. Samy
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2025; 19(4): e0012999.     CrossRef
  • Retrospective Analysis of Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome and Construction of a Nomogram Prediction Model for Mortality Risk Factors
    Gang Chen, Yuchen Du, Xiuchang Ma, Yaowen Liang, Apeng Chen, Jie Wei, Jinhuan Wu, Wenxian Qian, Shuqin Xie, Yi Yan, Zheng Hu, Yishan Zheng, Man Tian, Changhua Yi
    Open Forum Infectious Diseases.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Deciphering the evolutionary landscape of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus across East Asia
    Dongbin Park, Kwan Woo Kim, Young-Il Kim, Mark Anthony B Casel, Hyunwoo Jang, Woohyun Kwon, Kanghee Kim, Se-Mi Kim, Monford Paul Abishek N, Eun-Ha Kim, Hobin Jang, Suhee Hwang, Seok-Min Yun, Joo-Yeon Lee, Hye Won Jeong, Su-Jin Park, Young Ki Choi
    Virus Evolution.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Acute kidney injury as a prognostic marker in severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
    Jin Mi Lee, Hae Lee Kim, Myoung-nam Lim, Changhyup Kim, Yeon Ju La, Yong Duk Jeon, Won Sup Oh, Seongmin Son, Sunhwa Lee, Hyunjeong Baek, Daniel Duck-Jin Hwang, Ji In Park
    Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Double-Stranded RNA-Based Method for Diagnosing Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia
    Jung Wan Park, Jaemin Jeon, Yoosik Kim, Min Hyok Jeon
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 14(1): 105.     CrossRef
  • 5,601 View
  • 249 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
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Risk factors for deaths associated with COVID-19 according to the cause of death classification in Republic of Korea
Na-Young Kim, Seong-Sun Kim, Hyun Ju Lee, Dong Hwi Kim, Boyeong Ryu, Eunjeong Shin, Donghyok Kwon
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2023;14(2):89-99.
Published online April 18, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0312
Risk factors for deaths associated with COVID-19 according to the cause of death classification in Republic of Korea
Objectives
This study aimed to classify coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related deaths according to whether COVID-19 was listed as the cause of death, and to investigate the differences in demographic characteristics and risk factors for COVID-19 death classifications.
Methods
A total of 5,625 deaths in South Korea among patients with confirmed COVID-19 from January 20, 2020 to December 31, 2021 were selected. Excluding false reports and unnatural deaths, 5,597 deaths were analyzed. Based on death report data, deaths were classified according to whether the cause of death was listed as COVID-19 (CD) or not (NCD). The epidemiological characteristics and causes of deaths were investigated using descriptive, univariate, and multivariate statistical analyses. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to analyze the risk factors.
Results
The case fatality ratio was 0.89% and increased with age. Additionally, 96.4% of the subjects had an underlying disease, and 53.4% died in winter. The proportion of NCDs was 9.3%, of whom 19.1% died at home and 39.0% were confirmed to have COVID-19 after death. Malignant neoplasms (102/416 vs. 637/4,442; OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.36−2.16; p<0.001) were significantly associated with NCD.
Conclusion
This is the first study to analyze risk factors by cause of death using COVID-19 death report data in South Korea. These results are expected to be used as evidence for establishing a death monitoring system that can collect timely information in a new infectious disease pandemic.

Citations

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  • A Meta-Analysis of the Association between Apolipoprotein E Polymorphisms and SARS-COV-2 Risk/Severity in the Korean Population
    T.-Th.-D. Nguyen, M. Zayed, D.-I. Choi, Ch.-S. Lee, B.-H. Jeong
    Russian Journal of Genetics.2025; 61(8): 997.     CrossRef
  • 4,081 View
  • 123 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • Crossref
The role of risk perception, risk communication, and demographic factors in COVID-19 preventive behaviors: an online survey in Iran
Mansour Rezaei, Nader Rajabi Gilan, Ali Almasi, Mehdi Khezeli, Fatemeh Jamshidi Nazar, Zahra Jorjoran Shushtari, Yahya Salimi, Farid Najafi, Neda Sarabi, Shahram Saeidi, Saeid Saeidi
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2022;13(4):282-289.
Published online August 31, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0345
Objectives
This study investigated preventive behaviors toward coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and related factors in a Kurdish Iranian sample.
Methods
This online survey was conducted among the population aged 18 and above in Kermanshah Province, in western Iran, in April 2020. Samples were invited and recruited through social media. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of 4 sections (questions on demographic variables, risk perception, risk communication, and COVID-19 preventive behaviors) and analyzed using Stata ver. 8.
Results
The Pearson correlation test showed that risk communication was significantly correlated with COVID-19 preventive behaviors (r=0.320, p<0.01). In the final model, where the explanatory power increased with the entry of the risk communication variable, the variables explained a total of 14% of variance in COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Sex (β=−0.482), risk perception (β=0.047), and risk communication (β=0.662) were significant determinants.
Conclusion
Risk communication and risk perception related to COVID-19, as well as being a woman, were determinants of COVID-19 preventive behaviors.

Citations

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  • Predisposing factors of using cosmetics in Iranian female students: application of prototype willingness model
    Shandiz Moslehi, Asghar Tavan, Sajjad Narimani, Fatemeh Ahmadi, Masoomeh Kazemzadeh, Nadia Sedri
    Frontiers in Psychology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Utilizing social media for community risk communication in megacities: analysing the impact of WeChat group information interaction and perception on communication satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai
    Yasai Chen, Yiru Chen, Shan Yu, Shuni Yu
    BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The strongest predictors of compliance with health protocols among marketers and guilds based on the transtheoretical model
    Shandiz Moslehi, Asghar Tavan, Sajjad Narimani, Fardin shahbazzadeh, Nadia Sedri, Sama Sabahi
    BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Adaptive measures to deal with the next pandemic caused by climate change in at-risk groups
    Laleh Hassani, Reihaneh Taheri Kondar, Sajjad Narimani, Amin Ghanbarnejad
    BMC Psychiatry.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Understanding Australian Government Risk Communication Early in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Sociodemographics, Risk Attitudes and Media Consumption
    Yiyun Shou, Louise M. Farrer, Amelia Gulliver, Eryn Newman, Philip J. Batterham, Michael Smithson
    Journal of Health Communication.2023; 28(4): 254.     CrossRef
  • Risk perception and avoidance of preventive behavior on the COVID‐19 among cancer patients
    Mehdi Khezeli, Asghar Tavan, Sajjad Narimani, Vahideh Hoseini, Elham Zare Hosseinzadeh, Parisa Motamedi
    Health Science Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Role of Risk Communication in Shaping Health-Protective Behavior Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic in Thailand
    Suphunnika Termmee, Bing Wang
    Social Sciences.2023; 12(10): 551.     CrossRef
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  • 84 Download
  • 7 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Characteristics of COVID-19 outbreaks and risk factors for transmission at an army training center in South Korea from June to August 2021
U Jin Cho, Seongjin Wang, Seonju Yi, Yeon Hwa Choi, Eun-Young Kim, Jin A Kim, Sanghwan Bae, Jungyeon Yu, Jangkyu Choi, Young-Joon Park
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2022;13(4):263-272.
Published online July 27, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0149
Objectives
It is crucial to establish the characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks at army training centers to develop preventive measures. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the COVID-19 transmission patterns and risk factors in a sequence of outbreaks at an army training center from June to August 2021.
Methods
This study included 1,324 trainees at an army training center where outbreaks occurred from June to August 2021. The outbreak was qualitatively analyzed according to the period, attack rate, demographic characteristics, vaccination history, and living areas. An aerodynamic experiment was performed to evaluate aerosol transmission in living areas.
Results
Three outbreaks occurred at the army training center from June to August 2021. The first, second, and third outbreaks lasted for 32, 17, and 24 days, and the attack rates were 12.8%, 18.1%, and 8.9%, respectively. Confirmed cases were distributed in all age groups. Recruits and the unvaccinated were at higher risk for COVID-19. The aerodynamic experiment verified the possibility of aerosol transmission within the same living area.
Conclusion
COVID-19 transmission at army training centers should be minimized through quarantine and post-admission testing during the latency period as part of integrated measures that include facility ventilation, vaccination, indoor mask-wearing, and social distancing.

Citations

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  • Socioecological Model-based Factors Influencing Respiratory Infection Prevention Behaviors among Soldiers in an Army Training Center
    Eunbin Jeong, Sookyung Hyun
    Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2024; 38(2): 176.     CrossRef
  • COVID-19 outbreak in a religious village community in Republic of Korea and risk factors for transmission
    Jiae Shim, Eunju Lee, Eunyoung Kim, Yeonhwa Choi, Giseok Kang, Bryan Inho Kim
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2023; 14(2): 110.     CrossRef
  • Epidemiological Characteristics of a COVID-19 Outbreak in a Psychiatric Hospital in Chung-buk
    Se-Hyuk Jang, Young-Joon Park, Ji-Joo Lee, Woo-Jin Jung
    Healthcare.2023; 11(16): 2332.     CrossRef
  • 6,372 View
  • 148 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Analysis of risk factors affecting suicidal ideation in South Korea by life cycle stage
Ji-Young Hwang, Il-Su Park
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2021;12(5):314-323.
Published online October 26, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0208
Objectives
This study analyzed risk factors for suicidal ideation in South Koreans from a life cycle perspective.
Methods
A secondary analysis was conducted of data collected in 2015 as part of the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The participants comprised 5,935 individuals aged 12 years or older. The statistical analysis reflected the complex sampling design of the KNHANES, and the Rao-Scott chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed.
Results
The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 5.7% in adolescents, 3.7% in young adults, 5.4% in middle-aged adults, and 7.0% in older adults. Depression and stress were risk factors in every stage of the life cycle. In those aged 12 to 19 years, activity restrictions were significantly associated with suicidal ideation. Education and subjective health status were risk factors in adults aged 20 to 39 years, and education, activity restrictions, and quality of life were the major risk factors in those aged 40 to 64 years. For adults 65 years of age or older, the risk of suicidal ideation was higher among those with inappropriate sleep time.
Conclusion
The risk factors for suicidal ideation were found to be different across stages of the life cycle. This suggests a need for individualized suicide prevention plans and specific government policies that reflect the characteristics of each life cycle stage.

Citations

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  • Suicidality risk of cancer caregivers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
    Xia-Yin Zhu, Lu-Yi Hu, Min-Ya Jin, Tao-Hsin Tung
    Annals of Medicine.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • National Trends and Directions for Suicide Prevention Research in South Korea: A Narrative Review
    Ah Rah Lee, Je Young Hannah Sun, Myungjae Baik, Peter Jongho Na, Sang Min Lee, Jong-Woo Paik
    Psychiatry Investigation.2025; 22(6): 603.     CrossRef
  • Exploring Drug Use and Healthcare Utilization Among Adult Suicide Attempters: A Decision Tree Approach Using National Survey Data
    Bohyun Choi, Dajung Ryu, Mihyeon Seong, Sohyune Sok, Yufang Guo
    Journal of Nursing Management.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association between long working hours and the development of suicidal ideation among female workers: An 8-year population-based study using the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women & Family (2012–2020)
    Seong-Uk Baek, Yu-Min Lee, Jin-Ha Yoon
    Psychiatry Research.2024; 333: 115731.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and incidence of suicide, suicidal ideation and self-harm in caregivers of cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Chen Ee Low, Sean Loke, Sounak Rana, Ben Sim, Cyrus Su Hui Ho
    General Hospital Psychiatry.2024; 90: 35.     CrossRef
  • Psychological resilience and suicidality in the general population: A cross-sectional study based on data from the National Mental Health Survey of Korea 2021
    Seung-Hoon Lee, Junhyung Kim, Changsu Han
    Journal of Affective Disorders.2024; 363: 15.     CrossRef
  • Risk factors of passive suicidal ideation among outpatients in traditional medicine clinics: The case of Korean medicine in South Korea
    Ilsu Park, Tae-Hyeon Lee, Chan-Young Kwon
    Heliyon.2024; 10(17): e37181.     CrossRef
  • Development of a Clinical Guideline for Suicide Prevention in Psychiatric Patients Based on the ADAPTE Methodology
    Jeong Hun Yang, Jieun Yoo, Dae Hun Kang, C. Hyung Keun Park, Sang Jin Rhee, Min Ji Kim, Sang Yeol Lee, Se-Hoon Shim, Jung-Joon Moon, Seong-Jin Cho, Shin Gyeom Kim, Min-Hyuk Kim, Jinhee Lee, Won Sub Kang, Weon-Young Lee, Yong Min Ahn
    Psychiatry Investigation.2024; 21(10): 1149.     CrossRef
  • Hwa-byung (anger syndrome) as a risk factor for suicidal ideation in MZ generation: a survey study in South Korea
    Chan-Young Kwon
    Frontiers in Psychology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Alcohol Consumption and Quality of Life in Middle-aged Men
    Jeong-Sook Lee
    International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and A.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Factors Related to Suicidal Ideation by Gender and Age Group in Korean Adults
    Eun Young Kim, Yong Whi Jeong, Jihye Lim, Dae Ryong Kang
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association between Sleep Duration and Symptoms of Depression Aged between 18 and 49: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES Ⅶ) from 2016 to 2018
    Sung-Yong Choi, Ji-Eun Han, Jiae Choi, Minjung Park, Soo-Hyun Sung, Angela Dong-Min Sung
    Healthcare.2022; 10(11): 2324.     CrossRef
  • 9,590 View
  • 188 Download
  • 11 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Sex differences in the relationship between depression and cardiovascular disease risk: a nationwide study in Korea
Seol-bin Kim, Ihn Sook Jeong
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2021;12(2):105-114.
Published online April 29, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.12.2.08
Objectives
This study aimed to identify sex differences in the association between depression and the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Methods
A secondary analysis was conducted of data from the fifth to seventh waves (2010−2018) of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The participants were adults aged 30−74 years who had no diagnosis of CVD. The CVD risk was calculated using the Framingham Risk Score algorithm. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify the association between depression and CVD risk using a complex sample design.
Results
The mean CVD risk was higher in males and females with current depression (14.72% vs. 6.35%, respectively) than in males without current depression (11.67% and 4.42%, respectively). Current depression showed a significant association with CVD risk after controlling for only health-related characteristics, but the significance disappeared in both males and females when demographic characteristics were additionally controlled.
Conclusion
The presence of depression was not associated with CVD risk regardless of sex after controlling for confounding factors. Further studies are recommended to investigate the relationship between depression and CVD risk in a larger sample of both males and females with depression.

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  • Sex-specific associations between depressive symptoms and cardiovascular risk among middle-aged and older adults without standard modifiable risk factors: Evaluating the ‘SMuRF-less but depressed’
    Lu Zhai, Jue-Ling Wei, Rong-Rui Huo, Xue-Mei You
    General Hospital Psychiatry.2026; 99: 43.     CrossRef
  • Sex-specific risks for cardiovascular disease across the specific depressive symptoms spectrum: A national prospective cohort study
    Yu-Hua Liu, Lu Zhai, Rong-Rui Huo, Cui Ma
    General Hospital Psychiatry.2025; 94: 37.     CrossRef
  • Sex Differences in the Association Between Depression and Incident Cardiovascular Disease
    Keitaro Senoo, Hidehiro Kaneko, Kensuke Ueno, Yuta Suzuki, Akira Okada, Katsuhito Fujiu, Taisuke Jo, Norifumi Takeda, Hiroyuki Morita, Kentaro Kamiya, Junya Ako, Koichi Node, Hideo Yasunaga, Issei Komuro
    JACC: Asia.2024; 4(4): 279.     CrossRef
  • Sex Differences in the Association of Depression Symptoms and Cardiovascular Disease in Adults in the United States
    Bhaskar Thakur, Chance Strenth, Elizabeth Mayfield Arnold, Frank David Schneider
    American Journal of Health Promotion.2024; 38(8): 1199.     CrossRef
  • 10,742 View
  • 121 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Risk Assessment Program of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza with Deep Learning Algorithm
Hachung Yoon, Ah-Reum Jang, Chungsik Jung, Hunseok Ko, Kwang-Nyeong Lee, Eunesub Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2020;11(4):239-244.
Published online August 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.4.13
<sec> <title>Objectives</title> <p>This study presents the development and validation of a risk assessment program of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). This program was developed by the Korean government (Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency) and a private corporation (Korea Telecom, KT), using a national database (Korean animal health integrated system, KAHIS).</p></sec> <sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>Our risk assessment program was developed using the multilayer perceptron method using R Language. HPAI outbreaks on 544 poultry farms (307 with H5N6, and 237 with H5N8) that had available visit records of livestock-related vehicles amongst the 812 HPAI outbreaks that were confirmed between January 2014 and June 2017 were involved in this study.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Results</title> <p>After 140,000 iterations without drop-out, a model with 3 hidden layers and 10 nodes per layer, were selected. The activation function of the model was hyperbolic tangent. Precision and recall of the test gave F1 measures of 0.41, 0.68 and 0.51, respectively, at validation. The predicted risk values were higher for the “outbreak” (average ± SD, 0.20 ± 0.31) than “non-outbreak” (0.18 ± 0.30) farms (<italic>p</italic> < 0.001).</p></sec> <sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>The risk assessment model developed was employed during the epidemics of 2016/2017 (pilot version) and 2017/2018 (complementary version). This risk assessment model enhanced risk management activities by enabling preemptive control measures to prevent the spread of diseases.</p></sec>

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  • Farm-level transmission dynamics and risk assessment of H5 Avian Influenza
    Juan Zhang, Jialin Wang, Xiaomeng Wei, Li Li, Ming-Tao Li, Xin Pei, Zhen Jin
    Chaos, Solitons & Fractals.2026; 204: 117767.     CrossRef
  • A systematic review of mathematical and machine learning models of Avian Influenza
    Shixun Huang, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Zahra Movahedi Nia, Murray Gillies, Emma Gardner, Doris Leung, Itlala Gizo, Jude D. Kong
    One Health.2025; 21: 101203.     CrossRef
  • Avian Influenza: Lessons from Past Outbreaks and an Inventory of Data Sources, Mathematical and AI Models, and Early Warning Systems for Forecasting and Hotspot Detection to Tackle Ongoing Outbreaks
    Emmanuel Musa, Zahra Movahhedi Nia, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Doris Leung, Nelson Lee, Jude Dzevela Kong
    Healthcare.2024; 12(19): 1959.     CrossRef
  • Big data-based risk assessment of poultry farms during the 2020/2021 highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic in Korea
    Hachung Yoon, Ilseob Lee, Hyeonjeong Kang, Kyung-Sook Kim, Eunesub Lee, Mathilde Richard
    PLOS ONE.2022; 17(6): e0269311.     CrossRef
  • Artificial Intelligence Models for Zoonotic Pathogens: A Survey
    Nisha Pillai, Mahalingam Ramkumar, Bindu Nanduri
    Microorganisms.2022; 10(10): 1911.     CrossRef
  • 9,629 View
  • 126 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Educational Needs Associated with the Level of Complication and Comparative Risk Perceptions in People with Type 2 Diabetes
Youngji Hwang, Dongsuk Lee, Yeon Sook Kim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2020;11(4):170-176.
Published online August 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.4.05
<sec> <title>Objectives</title> <p>This study aimed to identify the educational needs of people with type 2 diabetes according to risk perceptions and the level of severity of complications.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>There were 177 study participants who were outpatients of the internal medicine department at a university hospital located in the Republic of Korea, who consented to participate in the survey from December 10, 2016 to February 10, 2017. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, ANOVA with post-hoc comparison, and multiple regression analysis. Type 2 diabetes complications were classified into 3 groups: no complications, common complications, and severe complications.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Results</title> <p>There were statistically significant positive correlations between educational needs and comparative risk perceptions, and the level of complication and comparative risk perception. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the factor predicting educational needs of type 2 diabetes people was their comparative risk perceptions, rather than the severity of diabetes complications or sociodemographic variables.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>Since risk perception is the factor that indicates the educational needs of people with type 2 diabetes, there is a need to explore factors which increase risk perception, in order to meet educational needs. The findings suggest that a more specific and individualized educational program, which focuses on each person's risk perceptions, should be developed.</p></sec>

Citations

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  • Determinants of Complications of Diabetic Among Adult with Type 2 Diabetic Patients at Hubaal Specialist Hospital and Libaan Hospital in Mogadishu: Case Control Study
    Ahmed Mohamed, Ali Mohamed, Ahmed Guled, Mohamed Fuji, Abdullahi Qoryoley, Abdirahman Hassan
    American Journal of Internal Medicine.2024; 12(5): 82.     CrossRef
  • 8,763 View
  • 191 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • Crossref
KCDC Risk Assessments on the Initial Phase of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Korea
Inho Kim, Jia Lee, Jihee Lee, Eensuk Shin, Chaeshin Chu, Seon Kui Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2020;11(2):67-73.
Published online April 30, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.2.02
<sec> <title>Objectives</title> <p>This study aims to evaluate the risk assessments of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC), from the point of detection to the provision of basic information to the relevant public health authorities.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>To estimate the overall risk of specific public health events, probability, and impact at the country-level were evaluated using available information. To determine the probability of particular public health events, the risk of importation and risk of transmission were taken into consideration. KCDC used 5 levels (“very low,” “low,” “moderate,” “high,” and “very high”) for each category and overall risk was eventually decided.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Results</title> <p>A total of 8 risk assessments were performed on 8 separate occasions between January 8<sup>th</sup> to February 28<sup>th</sup>, 2020, depending on the detection and report of COVID-19 cases in other countries. The overall risk of the situation in each assessment increased in severity over this period: “low” (first), “moderate” (second), “high” (third), “high” (fourth), “high” (fifth), “high” (sixth), “high” (seventh), and “very high” (eighth).</p></sec> <sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>The KCDC’s 8 risk assessments were utilized to activate national emergency response mechanisms and eventually prepare for the pandemic to ensure the containment and mitigation of COVID-19 with non-pharmaceutical public health measures.</p></sec>

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  • 국내외 감염병 위험평가체계 비교 분석: 질병관리청의 현황과 고도화 방향
    정헌 이, 유진 조, 신영 박, 성순 김
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    Amanda Chu, Patrick Kwok, Jacky Chan, Mike So
    Risk Management and Healthcare Policy.2024; Volume 17: 903.     CrossRef
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    Sujin Hong, Jiyoung Oh, Jia Lee, Yongmoon Kim, Bryan Inho Kim, Min Jei Lee, Hyunjung Kim, Sangwoo Tak
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    BMC Public Health.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Risk Factors in Early Life for Preschool Children in Korea that are Associated with Being Overweight or Obese
Jin Suk Ra, Hyun Jung Yun
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2020;11(1):15-26.
Published online February 28, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.1.04
<sec> <title>Objectives</title> <p>The present study addressed the risk factors in early life for Korean preschool children that are associated with being overweight or obese.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to conduct this study, which included 507 mothers with preschool children aged 3–5 years, who attended daycare centers. Data were acquired via a self-administered questionnaire completed by the mothers. Of the 650 questionnaires that were distributed, 507 (78%) were completed and sent back. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors in early life, which may contribute to being overweight or obese in preschool children.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Results</title> <p>Fifty-eight (11.4%) preschool children were overweight and 41 (8.1%) were obese. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with adjustment for covariates, revealed a significant association with the introduction of solid foods before 4 months of age [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 9.49, <italic>p</italic> = 0.029] and a nonresponsive feeding style (aOR = 2.80, <italic>p</italic> = 0.043) with being overweight or obese in preschool children.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>The findings of this study highlighted the need for parenting education programs on feeding practices to increase their understanding of hunger and satiety cues in infants, and appropriate timing for the introduction of solid foods.</p></sec>

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  • Trajectory of Obesity and the Impact of Eating Behaviors on Obesity in Preschool Children: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in Korea
    Kyeong Hun Lee, Baek Seung Kim, Gitae Seo, Hyeon-Jong Yang, Kyunghoon Kim, Eun-Ae Yang
    Children.2024; 11(11): 1297.     CrossRef
  • Systematic review and meta‐analysis of breastfeeding and later overweight or obesity expands on previous study for World Health Organization
    Bernardo Lessa Horta, Nigel Rollins, Mariane S. Dias, Valquiria Garcez, Rafael Pérez‐Escamilla
    Acta Paediatrica.2023; 112(1): 34.     CrossRef
  • 10,994 View
  • 180 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
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The Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Exposure to Aflatoxin M1 in Ultra-High Temperature and Pasteurized Milk in Hamadan Province of Iran
Amir Sasan Mozaffari Nejad, Ali Heshmati, Tayebe Ghiasvand
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2019;10(4):228-233.
Published online August 31, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.4.05
<sec> <title>Objectives</title> <p>Aflatoxins are a category of poisonous compounds found in most plants, milk and dairy products. The present research was carried out to detect the presence of aflatoxin M<sub>1</sub> (AFM<sub>1</sub>) in samples of milk collected from Hamadan province, Iran.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>Twenty five samples of ultra-high temperature (UHT) and 63 samples of pasteurized milk were collected and the amount of AFM<sub>1</sub> was measured by an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay method. In addition, the estimated daily intake (EDI) and hazard index (HI) of AFM<sub>1</sub> was determined by the following equations:(EDI= mean concentration of AFM<sub>1</sub> × daily consumption of milk/body weight; HI= EDI/Tolerance Daily Intake).</p></sec> <sec> <title>Results</title> <p>AFM<sub>1</sub> was detected in 21 (84%) UHT milk samples and in 55 (87.30%) pasteurized milk samples. Seven (28%) samples of UHT and 21 (33.33%) pasteurized milk samples had higher AFM<sub>1</sub> content than the limit allowed in the European Union and Iranian National Standard Limits (0.05 μg/kg). None of the samples exceeded the US Food and Drug Administration limit (0.5 μg/kg) for AFM<sub>1</sub>. EDI and HI for AM<sub>1</sub> through milk were 0.107 ng/kg body weight/day, and 0.535, respectively.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>A significant percentage of milk produced by different factories in Iran (84% of UHT and 87.3% of pasteurized milk) was contaminated with AFM<sub>1</sub>. Therefore, more control and monitoring of livestock feeding in dairy companies may help reduce milk contamination with AFM<sub>1</sub>. As the HI value was lower than 1, it can be assumed that there was no risk of developing liver cancer due to milk consumption.</p></sec>

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    Kelvin Arce-Villalobos, Daniela Jaikel-Víquez
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    Bahareh Arghavan, Kosar Kordkatuli, Helia Mardani, Ali Jafari
    Veterinary Medicine and Science.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Farnoosh Ansari, Elaheh Askari, Hamdollah Naderi Boroujeni, Maliheh Jahanara, Bita Forootani, Elham Khalili Sadrabad
    Food Science & Nutrition.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Seasonal variation and risk assessment of exposure to aflatoxin M1 in milk, yoghurt, and cheese samples from Ilam and Lorestan Provinces of Iran
    Kousar Aghebatbinyeganeh, Mohammadhosein Movassaghghazani, Mohamed Fathi Abdallah
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    Esmaeel Heidari, Roghayeh Nejati, Mehran Sayadi, Alireza Loghmani, Azizallah Dehghan, Amene Nematollahi
    Environmental Monitoring and Assessment.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Girma Selale Geleta, Argachew Nugussa, Gezahegn Faye, Girma Ragassa
    Environmental Health Insights.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Review, meta-analysis and carcinogenic risk assessment of aflatoxin M1 in different types of milks in Iran
    Fatemeh Mortezazadeh, Fathollah Gholami-Borujeni
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    Fatma Ali Alsalabi, Zahoor Ul Hassan, Roda F. Al-Thani, Samir Jaoua
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    Kiran Bhardwaj, Julie P. Meneely, Simon A. Haughey, Moira Dean, Patrick Wall, Guangtao Zhang, Bob Baker, Christopher T. Elliott
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    Tooraj Massahi, Amir Kiani, Kiomars Sharafi, Behzad Karami Matin, Abdullah Khalid Omer, Gholamreza Ebrahimzadeh, Jalil Jaafari, Nazir Fattahi
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    Jalal Portaghi, Ali Heshmati, Mehdi Taheri, Ebrahim Ahmadi, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
    Food Science & Nutrition.2023; 11(10): 6060.     CrossRef
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    Mohammad Mahdi Majzobi, Pejman Karami, Amir Khodavirdipour, Mohammad Yousef Alikhani
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    Chong Cai, Qi Zhang, Seyni Nidiaye, Honglin Yan, Wen Zhang, Xiaoqian Tang, Peiwu Li
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    F. Mwakosya Hilda, K. Mugula Jovin
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  • The Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Aflatoxin M1 in Yoghurt Samples from Hamadan, Iran
    Ali Heshmati, Amir Sasan Mozaffari Mozaffari Nejad, Tayebeh Ghyasvand
    The Open Public Health Journal.2020; 13(1): 512.     CrossRef
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Enteroparasitism and Risk Factors Associated with Clinical Manifestations in Children and Adults of Jalisco State in Western Mexico
María de la Luz Galván-Ramírez, Ana Luisa Madriz-Elisondo, Cynthia Guadalupe Temores Ramírez, Jorge de Jesús Romero Rameño, Dania Araceli de la O Carrasco, Marco Antonio Cardona López
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2019;10(1):39-48.
Published online February 28, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.1.08
<sec> <title>Objectives</title> <p>To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with intestinal parasites in the population of San Juan Cosala, Jalisco, Mexico.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>A total of 277 samples from 104 participants were analysed using direct smear, flotation, formaldehyde/ethyl acetate, and modified Kinyoun’s acid-fast stain methods. The Graham method was applied only for samples from children under 12 years of age for the diagnosis of<italic> Enterobius vermicularis.</italic></p></sec> <sec> <title>Results</title> <p>The prevalence of parasite infections in the study population was 77.9% including:<italic> Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar/E. moshkovskii/E. bangladeshi</italic> (37.5%),<italic> Giardia intestinalis</italic> (11.5%);<italic> commensals: Endolimax nana</italic> (44.2%),<italic> Entamoeba coli</italic> (27.9%),<italic> Chilomastix mesnili</italic> (6.7%) and<italic> Iodamoeba bütschlii</italic>, (2.9%); emerging intestinal protozoans:<italic> Blastocystis</italic> spp. (49%),<italic> Cryptosporidium</italic> spp. (7.7%) and <italic>Cyclospora cayetanensis</italic> (2.9%); and helminths:<italic> Enterobius vermicularis</italic> (18.3%) and <italic>Ascaris lumbricoides</italic> (5.8%). The results also showed that 58.64% of the studied population presented polyparasitism. A significant association was found between protozoan infections and housewives, and houses that were not built with concrete ceilings, brick walls and cement floors (<italic>p</italic> < 0.05).</p></sec> <sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>Polyparasitism was observed in over half the study population. The most prevalent parasite was <italic>Blastocystis</italic> spp, whilst the prevalence of helminths was less than that of protozoans. The risk factors for infection to intestinal parasites were being a housewife and not having solid brick, cement and concrete materials for house construction.</p></sec>

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Developing the High-Risk Drinking Scorecard Model in Korea
Jun-Tae Han, Il-Su Park, Suk-Bok Kang, Byeong-Gyu Seo
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2018;9(5):231-239.
Published online October 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2018.9.5.04
<sec> <title>Objectives</title> <p>This study aimed to develop a high-risk drinking scorecard using cross-sectional data from the 2014 Korea Community Health Survey.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>Data were collected from records for 149,592 subjects who had participated in the Korea Community Health Survey conducted from 2014. The scorecard model was developed using data mining, a scorecard and points to double the odds approach for weighted multiple logistic regression.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Results</title> <p>This study found that there were many major influencing factors for high-risk drinkers which included gender, age, educational level, occupation, whether they received health check-ups, depressive symptoms, over-moderate physical activity, mental stress, smoking status, obese status, and regular breakfast. Men in their thirties to fifties had a high risk of being a drinker and the risks in office workers and sales workers were high. Those individuals who were current smokers had a higher risk of drinking. In the scorecard results, the highest score range was observed for gender, age, educational level, and smoking status, suggesting that these were the most important risk factors.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>A credit risk scorecard system can be applied to quantify the scoring method, not only to help the medical service provider to understand the meaning, but also to help the general public to understand the danger of high-risk drinking more easily.</p></sec>

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Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Obesity Levels in Korean Adults: Results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007–2015
Kwanjun Park, Sunmi Lim, Yoonhyung Park, Woong Ju, Yoonhee Shin, Hansol Yeom
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2018;9(4):150-159.
Published online August 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2018.9.4.03
<sec> <title>Objectives</title> <p>The increase in the obesity rate in adult males in Korea is higher than countries in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development and other Asian countries. We examined the trends and prevalence of major risk factors for cardiovascular disease by evaluating the weight status amongst adults from 2007 to 2015.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>The study included 37,402 adults, who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The prevalence trends of cardiovascular disease risk factors were estimated for each body mass index group.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Results</title> <p>From 2007 to 2015, significant increases in the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia were observed in normal weight adults (0.03 percentage point (%p), 0.06%p, and 0.13%p, respectively). Amongst the overweight and obese adults, a significant increase in the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was observed, During this period, the prevalence of smoking decreased amongst obese adults and no significant changes in drinking habits and physical activity were noted across all body mass index groups.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>The prevalence of obesity in Korean adults is increasing, and it is necessary to implement interventions to prevent further weight gain and obesity-associated cardiovascular disease.</p></sec>

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Age-differentiated Risk Factors of Suicidal Ideation among Young and Middle-aged Korean Adults
Ahra Jo, Minho Jeon, Heeyoung Oh
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2017;8(3):201-210.
Published online June 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.3.07
<sec><title>Objectives</title><p>This study aimed to determine the prevalence of suicidal ideation among young and middle-aged adults, and explore the risk factors that affect suicidal ideation.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>A descriptive study design was used for secondary data analysis. A total sample of 5,214 was drawn from two waves (2012–2013) of the 7th Korea Health Panel (KHP) survey. The KHP data were collected by a well-trained interviewer using the face-to-face method during home visits as well as self-report method. Descriptive statistics of frequency, percentage, chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis were performed using SPSS 22.0.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The prevalence of suicidal ideation in young and middle-aged adults was 4.4% and 5.6%, respectively. For young adults, suicidal ideation risk was higher among those with low income or heavy drinking habits. In middle-aged adults, low income, poor perceived health status, negative perception of peer-compared health status, and negative social perspective were the major risk factors.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>There is considerable risk of suicidal ideation in adulthood. Opportunities for increased income, avoidance of heavy drinking, and the construction of positive subjective health status and social perspective should be considered in suicide prevention interventions for Korean young and middle-aged adults.</p></sec>

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  • Hospitalizations for Suicidal Events: Reiteration Risk—The Experience in the Veneto Region, Italy
    Silvia Cocchio, Giulia Tremolada, Nicola Cogo, Claudia Cozzolino, Mario Saia, Michele Tonon, Francesca Russo, Patrizia Furlan, Marco Fonzo, Vincenzo Baldo
    Psychiatry International.2024; 5(3): 434.     CrossRef
  • Predictors of Suicidal Behavior in Young Adults: An Analysis of Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data Using Propensity Score Matching
    Young Hwa Lee, Seon Young Hwang
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Prevalence and Determinants of Preterm Birth in Tehran, Iran: A Comparison between Logistic Regression and Decision Tree Methods
Payam Amini, Saman Maroufizadeh, Reza Omani Samani, Omid Hamidi, Mahdi Sepidarkish
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2017;8(3):195-200.
Published online June 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.3.06
<sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Preterm birth (PTB) is a leading cause of neonatal death and the second biggest cause of death in children under five years of age. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of PTB and its associated factors using logistic regression and decision tree classification methods.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>This cross-sectional study was conducted on 4,415 pregnant women in Tehran, Iran, from July 6–21, 2015. Data were collected by a researcher-developed questionnaire through interviews with mothers and review of their medical records. To evaluate the accuracy of the logistic regression and decision tree methods, several indices such as sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the curve were used.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The PTB rate was 5.5% in this study. The logistic regression outperformed the decision tree for the classification of PTB based on risk factors. Logistic regression showed that multiple pregnancies, mothers with preeclampsia, and those who conceived with assisted reproductive technology had an increased risk for PTB (<italic>p</italic> < 0.05).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Identifying and training mothers at risk as well as improving prenatal care may reduce the PTB rate. We also recommend that statisticians utilize the logistic regression model for the classification of risk groups for PTB.</p></sec>

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    Leila Jafarpour, Nasrin Galehdar, Yaser Mokhayeri, Kowsar Qaderi, Mahmood Fakhri
    BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • An Innovative Machine Learning-Based Algorithm for Diagnosing Pediatric Ovarian Torsion
    Asya Eylem Boztas, Efe Sencan, Ayse Demet Payza, Arzu Sencan
    Journal of Pediatric Surgery.2025; 60(9): 162417.     CrossRef
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    Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medi.2024; 29(5): 88.     CrossRef
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    JMIR Public Health and Surveillance.2022; 8(11): e38182.     CrossRef
  • Iranian midwives’ awareness and performance of respectful maternity care during labor and childbirth
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    European Journal of Midwifery.2021; 5(December): 1.     CrossRef
  • Maternal predictive factors for preterm birth: A case–control study in Southern Iran
    Azin Alavi, Parisa Razmjoue, Ali Safari-Moradabadi, Sakineh Dadipoor, Saeideh Shahsavari
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    JMIR Medical Informatics.2020; 8(11): e16503.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of Spontaneous Preterm Labor and Birth and Its Major Causes Using Artificial Neural Network
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Low Levels of Extensively Drug-resistant Tuberculosis among Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis Isolates and Their Relationship to Risk Factors: Surveillance in Tehran, Iran; 2006 to 2014
Alireza Hadizadeh Tasbiti, Shamsi Yari, Mostafa Ghanei, Mohammad Ali Shokrgozar, Abolfazl Fateh, Ahmadreza Bahrmand
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2017;8(2):116-123.
Published online April 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.2.03
<sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is more expensive and difficult to treat than multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), and outcomes for patients are much worse; therefore, it is important that clinicians understand the magnitude and distribution of XDR-TB. We conducted a retrospective study to compare the estimated incidence of and risk factors for M/XDR-TB with those of susceptible TB controls.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Sputum culture and drug susceptibility testing (DST) were performed in patients with known or suspected TB. Strains that were identified as MDR were subjected to DST for second-line drugs using the proportion method.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Among 1,442 TB patients (mean age, 46.48 ± 21.24 years) who were culture-positive for <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</italic>, 1,126 (78.1%) yielded isolates that were resistant to at least one first-line drug; there were 33 isolates (2.3%) of MDR-TB, of which three (0.2%) were classified as XDR-TB. Ofloxacin resistance was found in 10 (0.7%) isolates. Women were 15% more likely than men to yield M/XDR-TB isolates, but this difference was not significant. In a multivariate analysis comparing susceptible TB with X/MDR-TB, only one variable—the number of previous treatment regimens—was associated with MDR (odds ratio, 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.14–21.2).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The burden of M/XDR-TB cases is not sizeable in Iran. Nonetheless, strategies must be implemented to identify and cure patients with pre-XDR-TB before they develop XDR-TB. Our results provide a greater understanding of the evolution and spread of M/XDR-TB in an environment where drug-resistant TB has a low incidence.</p></sec>

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  • Characterization of Second-Line Drug-resistance Mutations in Multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates of Andhra Pradesh, India
    Venkata Giri Prasad Polu, Basireddy Sreekanth Reddy, Kota Neela Mani Kanta, Mithun Roy, Benson Wesly Buraga, Kannan Natarajan, Bojjireddy Venkata Subba Reddy, Suneel Reddy Alla, Kogila Sreeja Vamsi, Mugudalabetta Shiva Kumar, Uday Sankar Allam
    Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology.2025; 19(4): 2974.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and Temporal Trends of Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis in Iran from 1981 to 2023: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
    Saman Ayoubi, Parissa Farnia, Poopak Farnia, Jalaledin Ghanavi, Ali Akbar Velayati
    The International Journal of Mycobacteriology.2024; 13(3): 320.     CrossRef
  • Global prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Nader Salari, Amir Hossein Kanjoori, Amin Hosseinian-Far, Razie Hasheminezhad, Kamran Mansouri, Masoud Mohammadi
    Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Ndubuisi O. Nwachukwu, Amara E. Ulasi, Christopher U. Okoronkwo, Valentine N. Unegbu
    Lung India.2023; 40(6): 492.     CrossRef
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis PPE7 Enhances Intracellular Survival of Mycobacterium smegmatis and Manipulates Host Cell Cytokine Secretion Through Nuclear Factor Kappa B and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling
    Jing Suo, Xinyan Wang, Rongchuan Zhao, Pengjiao Ma, Liang Ge, Tao Luo
    Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research.2022; 42(10): 525.     CrossRef
  • The burden of pre-extensively and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis among MDR-TB patients in the Amhara region, Ethiopia
    Agumas Shibabaw, Baye Gelaw, Wondwossen Gebreyes, Richard Robinson, Shu-Hua Wang, Belay Tessema, Shampa Anupurba
    PLOS ONE.2020; 15(2): e0229040.     CrossRef
  • Spoligotype and Drug Susceptibility Profiles of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Isolates in Golestan Province, North Iran


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    Infection and Drug Resistance.2020; Volume 13: 2073.     CrossRef
  • A comparative study of phenotypic and genotypic first- and second-line drug resistance testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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    Biologicals.2017; 49: 33.     CrossRef
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Timing of Spermarche and Menarche are Associated with Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Among Korean Adolescents
Eun-Young Lee, Roman Pabayo, Ichiro Kawachi
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2016;7(4):266-272.
Published online August 31, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2016.04.010
Objectives
This study examined the timing of menarche and spermarche and their associations with physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) after controlling for body mass index (BMI).
Methods
Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine whether the timing of menarche in girls and spermarche in boys is associated with PA and SB independent of BMI in a nationally representative sample of Korean adolescents (13–18 years; <i>N</i> = 74,186).
Results
After controlling for age, family economic status, and BMI, early timing of spermarche among boys was associated with a higher likelihood of engaging in PA and a lower likelihood of engaging in SB for < 2 hours during weekdays. By contrast, boys with late timing of spermarche were less likely to engage in PA and more likely to engage in SB for < 2 hours. Among girls, early or late timing of menarche was associated with a higher likelihood of engaging in PA and a lower likelihood of engaging in SB.
Conclusion
Timing of menarche in girls and spermarche in boys could be a marker for PA and SB among Korean adolescents. To promote PA and discourage SB among Korean adolescents, school-based, grade-specific interventions can be tailored by the absence or presence of menarche/spermarche.

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    American Journal of Human Biology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Di Shi, Ning Ma, Yunfei Liu, Jiajia Dang, Panliang Zhong, Shan Cai, Peijin Hu, Jun Ma, Yi Song, Patrick W. C. Lau
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    Young-Ji Lee, In-Young Ahn, Bong-Jo Kim, Cheol-Soon Lee, Boseok Cha, So-Jin Lee, Jiyeong Seo, Jae-Won Choi, Youn Jung Lee, Eunji Lim, Dongyun Lee
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    Mara L. SANTOS, Thaisys B. SIMÕES, Lilian A. MONTEIRO, Jefferson S. NOVAES, Helder M. FERNANDES
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    Woo Young Jang, Dong Yeon Lee, Hae Woon Jung, Doo Jae Lee, Won Joon Yoo, In Ho Choi
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  • Meeting 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth and associations with psychological well-being among South Korean adolescents
    Eun-Young Lee, John C. Spence, Mark S. Tremblay, Valerie Carson
    Mental Health and Physical Activity.2018; 14: 66.     CrossRef
  • A moment of truth
    Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2016; 7(4): 211.     CrossRef
  • Biological and Social Determinants of Fertility Behaviour among the Jat Women of Haryana State, India
    Ketaki Chandiok, Prakash Ranjan Mondal, Chakraverti Mahajan, Kallur Nava Saraswathy
    Journal of Anthropology.2016; 2016: 1.     CrossRef
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Intake Trends of Red Meat, Alcohol, and Fruits and Vegetables as Cancer-Related Dietary Factors from 1998 to 2009
Min Kyung Park, Hee Young Paik, Yeonsook Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2016;7(3):180-189.
Published online June 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2016.04.005
Objectives
Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide, and cancer incidence and mortality have been increasing steadily in South Korea. This study aimed to examine the change in consumption of three cancer-related dietary factors—red meat, alcohol, and fruits/vegetables, and to evaluate consumption of these dietary factors among Koreans according to the criteria from the recommendations of the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute of Cancer Research.
Methods
Consumption of red meat, alcoholic beverages, and fruits and vegetables was calculated from the 24-hour recall data of 36,486 individuals older than 20 years who were selected from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1998–2009. The intake adequacy of these three factors was evaluated by the recommended criteria of the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute of Cancer Research report.
Results
The mean red meat intake in the men in their 20s increased sharply (from 91.6 g to 111.3 g, <i>p</i> < 0.05). The mean alcohol intake increased continuously in men (from 10.3 g to 20.0 g, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and women (from 1.5 g to 3.5 g, <i>p</i> < 0.05). The mean fruit/vegetable intake decreased in the 21–29–year age group (from 349.4 g to 306.7 g in men; from 393.3 g to 292.5 g in women; <i>p</i> < 0.05). The percentage of individuals who did not meet the intake criteria for the three cancer-related dietary factors was especially high, and the percentage increased over 10 years in those in their 20s (<i>p</i> < 0.05).
Conclusion
We confirmed that intakes of red meat, alcoholic drink, and fruits and vegetables have moved toward a negative direction in both men and women in their 20s.

Citations

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    Sanghee Han, Yong Weon Yi, Hail Kim, Min Young Lee, Hyunjin Choi, Yeon-Sun Seong, In Jin Ha, Seok-Geun Lee
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    So-Young Kim, Meeyoung Kim
    International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Scien.2024; 35: 100875.     CrossRef
  • Association between processed red meat intake and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study from China
    Fan Zhang, Yongfei Chai, Jiajia Ren, Xiaoyu Xu, Cuiqi Jing, Haimeng Zhang, Yuhong Jiang, Hong Xie
    Frontiers in Nutrition.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Associations of cooking practices and healthy eating habits among young Korean adults in their 20s
    So-Young Kim, Ji Yu Choi
    International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Scien.2023; 31: 100644.     CrossRef
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    Imane Harkati, Mohamed Kamal Hilali, Nezha Oumghar, Mouna Khouchani, Mohamed Loukid
    Canadian Respiratory Journal.2020; 2020: 1.     CrossRef
  • The potential problem of picky eating: a pilot study among university students of food and nutrition
    So-young Kim, EunJu Lee
    British Food Journal.2020; 122(9): 2841.     CrossRef
  • Effects of processed red meat consumption on the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases among Korean adults: the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study
    Jakyung Son, Yujin Lee, Kyong Park
    European Journal of Nutrition.2019; 58(6): 2477.     CrossRef
  • Dietary patterns related to exposure to persistent organic pollutants based on the Ewha Birth and Growth Cohort
    Hye Ah Lee, Hyo Jeong Hwang, Se Young Oh, Eun Hee Ha, Hyesook Park
    Environmental Pollution.2018; 243: 189.     CrossRef
  • Diet-Related Risk Factors for Incident Hypertension During an 11-Year Follow-Up: The Korean Genome Epidemiology Study
    Hye Ah Lee, Hyesook Park
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  • Dietary Factors and Female Breast Cancer Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study
    Ji Kim, Jeonghee Lee, So-Youn Jung, Jeongseon Kim
    Nutrients.2017; 9(12): 1331.     CrossRef
  • Associations between high-risk alcohol consumption and sarcopenia among postmenopausal women
    Yu-Jin Kwon, Hyoung-Ji Lim, Yong-Jae Lee, Hye-Sun Lee, John A. Linton, Jae Woo Lee, Hee-Taik Kang
    Menopause.2017; 24(9): 1022.     CrossRef
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Association between Pollen Risk Indexes, Air Pollutants, and Allergic Diseases in Korea
Hoseob Kim, Yoonhyung Park, Kwanjun Park, Byoungin Yoo
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2016;7(3):172-179.
Published online June 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2016.04.003
Objectives
This study, different from the past researches, has been conducted in all age groups to understand the association between air pollutants, pollen risk indexes, and outpatients with allergic rhinitis (AR), asthma, and atopic dermatitis (AD).
Methods
Data on air pollutants, pollen risk indexes, and outpatients with each disease were collected from 2003 through 2011 to verify the association between them. All data are time-series materials that have been observed by time (day) and region, and are in a nonlinear shape. In particular, the total number of outpatients per day is a count data that had a Poisson distribution as the response variable. SAS 9.3 was used to make a statistical model, generalized additive model, with lag effects for the analysis.
Results
For allergic diseases during spring (April–May) and fall (September-October), a significant association was shown between the variables of air pollutants, pollens, and the number of outpatients. Especially, the estimates of NO<sub>2</sub> [AR (43.00967 ± 0.11284), asthma (52.01837 ± 0.06452), AD (52.01837 ± 0.06452), <i>p</i> < 0.001] in spring and SO<sub>2</sub> [AR (43.00967 ± 0.11284), asthma (52.01837 ± 0.06452), AD (52.01837 ± 0.06452), <i>p</i> < 0.001] in fall were highly significant and showed a positive association with all diseases.
Conclusion
Domestically and even internationally, various studies on the allergic diseases are being conducted. However, not many studies related to similar studies. In the need of creating grounds to back up these efforts, additional studies on allergic diseases, as well as researches utilizing pollen data, air pollution data, and claims data provided by the Health Insurance Corporation that has no problem in the representativeness of the data that have close relationships to the allergic disease will be needed.

Citations

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  • Air Pollution and Skin Diseases: A Systematic Review of Epidemiological Evidence
    Nidhi Singh, Tamara Schikowski, Jean Krutmann
    American Journal of Clinical Dermatology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • High tree pollen levels and low temperatures increased the utilization of atopic dermatitis-related medical services in children residing in a tropical urban area (San Juan, Puerto Rico)
    Eric Miranda-Valentin, Imar Mansilla-Rivera, Claudia P. Amaya-Ardila, Pablo A. Méndez-Lázaro, Loyda S. Torres-Berrios, Benjamín Bolaños-Rosero
    Aerobiologia.2025; 41(2): 101.     CrossRef
  • Allergic Asthma in the Municipalities of the Palynological Network of the Community of Madrid and Its Interrelation with the Concentration of Tree Pollen and Atmospheric Pollutants
    Javier Chico-Fernández, Esperanza Ayuga-Téllez
    Atmosphere.2025; 16(4): 425.     CrossRef
  • Climate Conditions, Weather Changes, and Air Pollutants and Atopic Dermatitis
    Megan Park, Samiha T. Mohsen, Talia Katz, Siddhartha Sood, Sheena Maureen T. Sy, Bram Rochwerg, Aaron M. Drucker
    JAMA Dermatology.2025; 161(8): 828.     CrossRef
  • Study of the Interrelations of the Concentrations of Six Tree Pollen Types and Six Atmospheric Pollutants with Rhinitis and Allergic Conjunctivitis in the Community of Madrid
    Javier Chico-Fernández, Esperanza Ayuga-Téllez
    Applied Sciences.2024; 14(7): 2965.     CrossRef
  • Trends in the Use of Air Quality Indexes in Asthma Studies
    Angie Daniela Barrera-Heredia, Carlos Alfonso Zafra-Mejía, Alejandra Cañas Arboleda, María José Fernández Sánchez, Liliana López-Kleine, Adriana Rojas Moreno
    Atmosphere.2024; 15(7): 847.     CrossRef
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    Fu-Mei Huang, Ci-Wen Luo, Shiuan-Shinn Lee, Yung-Chuan Ho, Yi-Ching Li, Yu-Chao Chang, Yu-Hsiang Kuan
    Medicine.2023; 102(8): e32961.     CrossRef
  • Air pollution and global healthcare use for atopic dermatitis: A systematic review
    R. P. Fadadu, E. Chee, A. Jung, J. Y. Chen, K. Abuabara, M. L. Wei
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and.2023; 37(10): 1958.     CrossRef
  • Associations of particulate matter with atopic dermatitis and chronic inflammatory skin diseases in South Korea
    T. H. Park, S. Park, M. K. Cho, S. Kim
    Clinical and Experimental Dermatology.2022; 47(2): 325.     CrossRef
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    Munsoo Han, Soo Jeong Choi, Yujin Jeong, Kijeong Lee, Tae Hoon Lee, Sang Hag Lee, Tae Hoon Kim
    American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy.2022; 36(5): 649.     CrossRef
  • Outdoor Air Pollution and Indoor Window Condensation Associated with Childhood Symptoms of Allergic Rhinitis to Pollen
    Yingjie Liu, Chan Lu, Yuguo Li, Dan Norbäck, Qihong Deng
    International Journal of Environmental Research an.2022; 19(13): 8071.     CrossRef
  • Influence of environmental drivers on allergy to pollen grains in a case study in Spain (Madrid): meteorological factors, pollutants, and airborne concentration of aeroallergens
    Martha Cabrera, Javier Subiza, Enrique Fernández-Caldas, Belén Garzón García, Stella Moreno-Grau, José Luis Subiza
    Environmental Science and Pollution Research.2021; 28(38): 53614.     CrossRef
  • Short term physician visits and medication prescriptions for allergic disease associated with seasonal tree, grass, and weed pollen exposure across the United States
    Shubhayu Saha, Ambarish Vaidyanathan, Fiona Lo, Claudia Brown, Jeremy J. Hess
    Environmental Health.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Interactions Between Air Pollution and Pollen Season for Rhinitis Using Mobile Technology: A MASK-POLLAR Study
    Annabelle Bédard, Mikhail Sofiev, Sylvie Arnavielhe, Josep M. Antó, Judith Garcia-Aymerich, Michel Thibaudon, Karl Christian Bergmann, Ruta Dubakiene, Anna Bedbrook, Gabrielle L. Onorato, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, Jean-Louis Pépin, Daniel Laune, Stéphane Z
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    Maria Pilar Plaza, Purificación Alcázar, José Oteros, Carmen Galán
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    I. Sauliene, L. Sukiene, V. Kazlauskiene
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    Ursula Krämer, Heidrun Behrendt
    Der Hautarzt.2019; 70(3): 169.     CrossRef
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    Renwu Zhao, Zhiqiang Guo, Ruxin Zhang, Congrui Deng, Jian Xu, Weiyang Dong, Zhicong Hong, Hongzhi Yu, Huiru Situ, Chunhui Liu, Guoshun Zhuang
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    Benjamin A. Jones, John Fleck
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    X.‐Y. Wang, T.‐T. Ma, X.‐Y. Wang, Y. Zhuang, X.‐D. Wang, H.‐Y. Ning, H.‐Y. Shi, R.‐L. Yu, D. Yan, H.‐D. Huang, Y.‐F. Bai, G.‐L. Shan, B. Zhang, Q.‐K. Song, Y.‐F. Zhang, T.‐J. Zhang, D.‐Z. Jia, X.‐L. Liu, Z.‐X. Kang, W.‐J. Yan, B.‐T. Yang, X.‐Z. Bao, S.‐H.
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Development of Financial Support Program for High Risk Pregnant Women
Ihnsook Jeong, Jiyun Kim, Sook Bin Im
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2016;7(3):141-148.
Published online June 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2016.02.003
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to develop a financial support program for high-risk pregnant women based on opinions obtained using a questionnaire survey.
Methods
The program development involved two steps: (1) developing a questionnaire through reviewing previous financial support programs for maternal care and then validating it via professional consultation; and (2) drafting a financial support program. Sixty professionals, 26 high-risk pregnant women, and 100 program implementers completed the questionnaire between August 2014 and October 2014.
Results
Based on the obtained professional consultation and survey investigation, the framework of the financial support program was constructed. The suggested recipients were mothers with early labor pains, mothers who have been hospitalized for > 3 weeks, and mothers who used uterine stimulant Pitocin during hospitalization. All hospitalization, medication, and examination costs needed to be supported considering the income level of the recipient.
Conclusion
A basic policy for financially supporting high-risk pregnant women has been developed. The efficacy and feasibility of the policy needs to be carefully examined in future studies.

Citations

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  • Financial burdens of Pregnancy: Understanding Socioeconomic, Demographic correlates and Out-of-pocket costs
    Manikandan Arumugam, KM Noorulla, Mohd Yasir, Manish Kalwaniya, Hemalatha Siva
    Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology.2024; : 5713.     CrossRef
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Accuracy of Self-reported Hypertension, Diabetes, and Hypercholesterolemia: Analysis of a Representative Sample of Korean Older Adults
Heeran Chun, Il-Ho Kim, Kyung-Duk Min
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2016;7(2):108-115.
Published online April 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2015.12.002
Objectives
This study will assess the accuracy of self-reported hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia among Korean older adults.
Methods
Using data from the fourth Korean National Health Examination and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES IV, 2007–2009), we selected 7,270 individuals aged 50 years and older who participated in both a health examination and a health interview survey. Self-reported prevalence of hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), and hypercholesterolemia was compared with measured data (arterial systolic/diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, and total cholesterol).
Results
An agreement between self-reported and measured data was only moderate for hypercholesterolemia (κ, 0.48), even though it was high for HTN (κ, 0.72) and DM (κ, 0. 82). Sensitivity was low in hypercholesterolemia (46.7%), but high in HTN and DM (73% and 79.3%, respectively). Multiple analysis shows that predictors for sensitivity differed by disease. People with less education were more likely to exhibit lower sensitivity to HTN and hypercholesterolemia, and people living in rural areas were less sensitive to DM and hypercholesterolemia.
Conclusion
Caution is needed in interpreting the results of community studies using self-reported data on chronic diseases, especially hypercholesterolemia, among adults aged 50 years and older.

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  • Validity of Self-reported Hypertension and Factors Related to Discordance Between Self-reported and Objectively Measured Hypertension: Evidence From a Cohort Study in Iran
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    Hye Ah Lee, Hyesook Park
    Nutrients.2018; 10(8): 1077.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of the association between the number of natural teeth and anemia among Korean adults using nationally representative data
    Kyungdo Han, Jun‐Beom Park
    Journal of Periodontology.2018; 89(10): 1184.     CrossRef
  • Diabetes Fact Sheet in Korea, 2016: An Appraisal of Current Status
    Jong Chul Won, Jae Hyuk Lee, Jae Hyeon Kim, Eun Seok Kang, Kyu Chang Won, Dae Jung Kim, Moon-Kyu Lee
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  • Accuracy of self-reported hypertension
    Vivian S.S. Gonçalves, Keitty R.C. Andrade, Kenia M.B. Carvalho, Marcus T. Silva, Mauricio G. Pereira, Tais F. Galvao
    Journal of Hypertension.2018; 36(5): 970.     CrossRef
  • Trends in Determinants of Hypercholesterolemia among Chinese Adults between 2002 and 2012: Results from the National Nutrition Survey
    Peng-kun Song, Hong Li, Qing-qing Man, Shan-shan Jia, Li-xiang Li, Jian Zhang
    Nutrients.2017; 9(3): 279.     CrossRef
  • High Level Physical Activity and Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data, 2007-2013
    Kyounghoon Park, Byung-Joo Park
    Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2017; 50(5): 320.     CrossRef
  • Association between underweight and tooth loss among Korean adults
    In-Seok Song, Kyungdo Han, Jae-Jun Ryu, Jun-Beom Park
    Scientific Reports.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Potential use of telephone-based survey for non-communicable disease surveillance in Sri Lanka
    H. M. M. Herath, N. P. Weerasinghe, T. P. Weerarathna, A. Hemantha, A. Amarathunga
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  • Level of Agreement and Factors Associated With Discrepancies Between Nationwide Medical History Questionnaires and Hospital Claims Data
    Yeon-Yong Kim, Jong Heon Park, Hee-Jin Kang, Eun Joo Lee, Seongjun Ha, Soon-Ae Shin
    Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health.2017; 50(5): 294.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of Self-assessment in Cardiovascular Diseases Among Korean Older Population
    Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2016; 7(2): 75.     CrossRef
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Joint Disease Mapping of Two Digestive Cancers in Golestan Province, Iran Using a Shared Component Model
Parisa Chamanpara, Abbas Moghimbeigi, Javad Faradmal, Jalal Poorolajal
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2015;6(3):205-210.
Published online June 30, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2015.02.002
Objectives
Recent studies have suggested the occurrence patterns and related diet factor of esophagus cancer (EC) and gastric cancer (GC). Incidence of these cancers was mapped either in general and stratified by sex. The aim of this study was to model the geographical variation in incidence of these two related cancers jointly to explore the relative importance of an intended risk factor, diet low in fruit and vegetable intake, in Golestan, Iran.
Methods
Data on the incidence of EC and GC between 2004 and 2008 were extracted from Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hamadan, Iran. These data were registered as new observations in 11 counties of the province yearly. The Bayesian shared component model was used to analyze the spatial variation of incidence rates jointly and in this study we analyzed the data using this model. Joint modeling improved the precision of estimations of underlying diseases pattern, and thus strengthened the relevant results.
Results
From 2004 to 2008, the joint incidence rates of the two cancers studied were relatively high (0.8–1.2) in the Golestan area. The general map showed that the northern part of the province was at higher risk than the other parts. Thus the component representing diet low in fruit and vegetable intake had larger effect of EC and GC incidence rates in this part. This incidence risk pattern was retained for female but for male was a little different.
Conclusion
Using a shared component model for joint modeling of incidence rates leads to more precise estimates, so the common risk factor, a diet low in fruit and vegetables, is important in this area and needs more attention in the allocation and delivery of public health policies.

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  • Systematic mapping review of statistical methods applied to the relationships between cancer diagnosis and geographical level factors in UK
    Jessica Andretta Mendes, Thomas Keegan, Lisa Jones, Peter M Atkinson, Luigi Sedda
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    Yanbin Wei, Endian Liu, Jiafei Peng, Yanqing Liu, Xiujing Sun, Xin Yao
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  • Multivariate Bayesian Semiparametric Regression Model for Forecasting and Mapping HIV and TB Risks in West Java, Indonesia
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    Ningxu Zhang, Yilan Liao, Zhoupeng Ren
    International Health.2021; 13(2): 161.     CrossRef
  • Epidemiologic Study of Gastric Cancer in Iran: A Systematic Review


    Khadijeh Kalan Farmanfarma, Neda Mahdavifar, Soheil Hassanipour, Hamid Salehiniya
    Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology.2020; Volume 13: 511.     CrossRef
  • Bivariate Spatio-Temporal Shared Component Modeling: Mapping of Relative Death Risk due to Colorectal and Stomach Cancers in Iran Provinces
    Vahid Ahmadipanahmehrabadi, Akbar Hassanzadeh, Behzad Mahaki
    International Journal of Preventive Medicine.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Spatial Patterns of Ischemic Heart Disease in Shenzhen, China: A Bayesian Multi-Disease Modelling Approach to Inform Health Planning Policies
    Qingyun Du, Mingxiao Zhang, Yayan Li, Hui Luan, Shi Liang, Fu Ren
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Composition of Metabolic Syndrome Among Korean Adults in a Lifestyle Modification Intervention
Nan-He Yoon, Seunghyun Yoo, Hyekyeong Kim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2014;5(6):370-377.
Published online December 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.10.005
Objectives
The aim of this study was to examine the composition of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components among middle-aged and older Koreans.
Methods
A total of 263 participants (age 40 + years) in a lifestyle modification intervention program who met the MetS definition of National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) – Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III criteria were included in the study. The frequent patterns and clustering of MetS components were investigated. Clustering of changes in individual components, through a lifestyle modification intervention, was also identified. All characteristics were stratified by and compared between sexes.
Results
Approximately 80% of the participants had three of five MetS risk factors at baseline. The prevalence of each risk differed by sex. MetS composition patterns that do not include low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were more noticeable in men because of the low prevalence of low HDL cholesterol. In women, with higher prevalence of low HDL cholesterol, more patterns that include low HDL cholesterol were observed. The most common combination was “elevated blood pressure + abdominal obesity + impaired fasting glucose” in both sexes. Clustering of MetS risks was also found with most of the frequent combinations of MetS components. Through the lifestyle intervention, the greatest change was observed in HDL cholesterol among men and blood pressure among women. Triglycerides and HDL cholesterol were likely to be improved with blood pressure in men and abdominal obesity in women.
Conclusion
Differences in the prevalent patterns of MetS compositions were observed prior to and after the intervention, along with during-intervention changes. It is recommended that intervention strategies and guidelines for MetS management consider the MetS composition patterns for effectiveness.

Citations

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  • Temporal Sequence of Metabolic Syndrome Components: Abdominal Obesity as the Primary Driver of Progression in a Korean Prospective Cohort Study
    Hoon Seok Kim, Jaeeun Yoo
    Medicina.2025; 61(8): 1498.     CrossRef
  • Development and Evaluation of a Blended Self-Management Program for Metabolic Syndrome in Patients With Rheumatic Diseases
    BoAe Im, HyunSoo Oh, SooHyun Kim, HyeSun Jeong, WhaSook Seo
    Health Education & Behavior.2024; 51(4): 625.     CrossRef
  • Gender Differences of Health Behaviors in the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome for Middle-Aged Adults: A National Cross-Sectional Study in South Korea
    Jaehee Yoon, Jeewuan Kim, Heesook Son
    International Journal of Environmental Research an.2021; 18(7): 3699.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of the physical activity level, nutrition quality, and depression in patients with metabolic syndrome
    İsmet Kazaz, Ender Angin, Seray Kabaran, Gözde İyigün, Berkiye Kirmizigil, Mehtap Malkoç
    Medicine.2018; 97(18): e0485.     CrossRef
  • Effects of prolonged exercise versus multiple short exercise sessions on risk for metabolic syndrome and the atherogenic index in middle-aged obese women: a randomised controlled trial
    JinWook Chung, KwangJun Kim, Jeeyoung Hong, Hyoun-Joong Kong
    BMC Women's Health.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Health related behavior patterns and associated factors among marriage immigrant women using latent class analysis
    Wonsup Cho, Seunghyun Yoo, Hyekyeong Kim
    Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2015; 32(5): 17.     CrossRef
  • Depression among Korean Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Ansan-Community-Based Epidemiological Study
    Chan Young Park, So Young Kim, Jong Won Gil, Min Hee Park, Jong-Hyock Park, Yeonjung Kim
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2015; 6(4): 224.     CrossRef
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Suicidal Ideation and its Correlates among Juvenile Delinquents in South Korea
Suyoung Kim, Hyekyeong Kim, Dong-Chul Seo, Dong Hwan Lee, Han-Ik Cho
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2014;5(5):258-265.
Published online October 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.08.007
Objectives
This study investigated suicidal ideation and its correlates among juvenile delinquents in South Korea.
Methods
Suicidal ideation, psychological health status, and health-related behaviors were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire in 1682 juvenile offenders aged between 15 and 18 years in 2012.
Results
The prevalence of suicidal ideation in juvenile delinquents was 15.2%. Girls were more likely to report suicidal thoughts than boys (30.3% vs. 12.7%). Suicidal ideation was more common among adolescents who were not living with their family prior to entering detention centers (22.6% vs. 13.2%) than their counterparts. The likelihood of suicidal ideation was significantly associated with problem drinking [odds ratio (OR) = 1.84], psychedelic drug use (OR = 2.04), feeling unhappy (OR = 3.05), feeling sad or depressed (OR = 13.37) after controlling for sociodemographic factors, other health behaviors and perceptions.
Conclusion
The present study provides evidence for an association between suicidal ideation and psychological health and health risk behaviors among juvenile delinquents. It also highlights the importance of mental health and behavioral interventions for this population to prevent suicidality.

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  • Public discourse on substance use behavior as a driver of public policy: a scoping review of South Korean academic and official literature
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  • Spectrum and predictors of suicidal risk among incarcerated youth in a correctional facility in Kaduna, Northern Nigeria
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    Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies.2022; 17(2): 147.     CrossRef
  • Association between sleep insufficient type and suicidal ideation among Korean middle and high school student
    Soojeong Kim, Jin A Han, Eun-Ji Kim, Soon Young Lee
    Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2021; 38(2): 15.     CrossRef
  • Factors affecting health risk behaviors, suicidal ideation, suicidal plans and suicidal attempts in adolescents
    Min Kyung Kim, Kyoung Won Cho
    Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2019; 36(3): 61.     CrossRef
  • Psychiatric Disorders and Recidivism among Korean Adolescents on Probation or Parole
    Yooli Lim, Eun-Jin Park, Bongseog Kim
    Psychiatry Investigation.2018; 15(6): 561.     CrossRef
  • Biopsychosocial Causes of Suicide and Suicide Prevention Outcome Studies in Juvenile Detention Facilities: A Review
    Kshamta Joshi, Stephen Bates Billick
    Psychiatric Quarterly.2017; 88(1): 141.     CrossRef
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  • 37 Download
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Evidence Gap on the Prevalence of Non-conventional Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes in Iran
Abdolreza Shaghaghi, Ali Ahmadi
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2014;5(5):292-297.
Published online October 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.08.002
Objectives
Robust scientific evidence exists about the role of non-conventional risk factors in type 2 diabetes worldwide. The current epidemiological pattern of the disease in Iran suggests a precipitating role for these non-conventional risk factors. This review was performed to examine the research evidence suggesting a higher prevalence of non-conventional type 2 diabetes risk factors in Iran.
Methods
MeSH keywords were applied to search several databases, including PUBMED, MEDLINE, AMED, EMBASE, Iran DOC, and the Scientific Information Database without a time limit from inception to September 2011. The quality of the non-interventional and population-based studies on Iranians included in these databases was assessed by the authors and any disagreement was resolved with consensus.
Results
The literature search yielded 1847 publications, of which 62 were included in this study after eliminating non-relevant and overlapping papers. No study was found that verified a higher prevalence of the non-conventional type 2 diabetes risk factors in the Iranian population.
Conclusion
The identified evidence gap about the role of prominent non-conventional risk factors of type 2 diabetes in the Iranian population could be a major caveat in the application of an evidence-based approach to endorse or reject existing hypothesis about these risk factors. Studies on the prevalence of non-conventional biomarkers of type 2 diabetes among Iranians could be a promising area of research.

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  • Application of Pender’s health promotion model for type 2 diabetes treatment adherence: protocol for a mixed methods study in southern Iran
    Nahid Shahabi, Zahra Hosseini, Teamur Aghamolaei, Amin Ghanbarnejad, Ahmad Behzad
    Trials.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and determinants of diabetes and prediabetes in southwestern Iran: the Khuzestan comprehensive health study (KCHS)
    Sanam Hariri, Zahra Rahimi, Nahid Hashemi-Madani, Seyyed Ali Mard, Farnaz Hashemi, Zahra Mohammadi, Leila Danehchin, Farhad Abolnezhadian, Aliasghar Valipour, Yousef Paridar, Mohammad Mahdi Mir-Nasseri, Alireza Khajavi, Sahar Masoudi, Saba Alvand, Bahman
    BMC Endocrine Disorders.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association of modified Nordic diet with cardiovascular risk factors among type 2 diabetes patients: a cross-sectional study
    Elnaz Daneshzad, Shaghayegh Emami, Manije Darooghegi Mofrad, Sahar Saraf-Bank, Pamela J. Surkan, Leila Azadbakht
    Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Research.2018; 10(3): 153.     CrossRef
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Review Article

Management of Hospital Infection Control in Iran: A Need for Implementation of Multidisciplinary Approach
Setareh Mamishi, Babak Pourakbari, Mostafa Teymuri, Abdolreza Babamahmoodi, Shima Mahmoudi
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2014;5(4):179-186.
Published online August 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.06.001
Nosocomial, or hospital-acquired, infections are considered the most common complications affecting hospitalized patients. According to results obtained from studies conducted in the Children Medical Center Hospital, a teaching children's hospital and a tertiary care referral unit in Tehran, Iran, improvements in infection control practices in our hospital seem necessary. The aim of this study was to identify risk management and review potential hospital hazards that may pose a threat to the health as well as safety and welfare of patients in an Iranian referral hospital. Barriers to compliance and poor design of facilities, impractical guidelines and policies, lack of a framework for risk management, failure to apply behavioral-change theory, and insufficient obligation and enforcement by infection control personnel highlight the need of management systems in infection control in our hospital. In addition, surveillance and early reporting of infections, evaluation of risk-based interventions, and production of evidence-based guidelines in our country are recommended.

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  • Prevalence of nosocomial infections and antibiotic resistance patterns in Iranian hospitals over five years
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    Foodborne Pathogens and Disease.2025; 22(5): 309.     CrossRef
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    Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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  • Bacterial etiology and antimicrobial resistance pattern of pediatric bloodstream infections: a 5-year experience in an Iranian referral hospital
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    BMC Infectious Diseases.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Babak Pourakbari, Setareh Mamishi, Shiva Poormohammadi, Reihaneh Hosseinpour Sadeghi, Shima Mahmoudi
    Gut Pathogens.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Ali Monajjemi, Maryam Tabibi, Fateme Kheiri, Alireza Rasouli, Amir Arsalan Asgari, Gholam Ali Jafari
    Archives of Hygiene Sciences.2024; 13(1): 10.     CrossRef
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    Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift.2023; 173(7-8): 182.     CrossRef
  • Three-year evaluation of the nosocomial infections in pediatrics: bacterial and fungal profile and antimicrobial resistance pattern
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    Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Among Healthcare Workers in Iran: An Urgent Need for Early Identification and Management
    Mohammad Reza Abdolsalehi, Shima Mahmoudi, Reza Shervin Badv, Babak Pourakbari, Kayvan Mirnia, Yasmine Mahmoudieh, Setareh Mamishi
    Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Iranian children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Farhad Sarrafzadeh, Seyed Mojtaba Sohrevardi, Hamid Abousaidi, Hossein Mirzaei
    Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics.2021; 64(8): 415.     CrossRef
  • Antimicrobial Resistance and Genotyping of Bacteria Isolated from Urinary Tract Infection in Children in an Iranian Referral Hospital


    Setareh Mamishi, Zohreh Shalchi, Shima Mahmoudi, Reihaneh Hosseinpour Sadeghi, Mohammad Taghi Haghi Ashtiani, Babak Pourakbari
    Infection and Drug Resistance.2020; Volume 13: 3317.     CrossRef
  • An Outbreak of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in an Iranian Referral Hospital: Epidemiology and Molecular Typing
    Shima Mahmoudi, Babak Pourakbari, Aliakbar Rahbarimanesh, Mohammad Reza Abdosalehi, Keyghobad Ghadiri, Setareh Mamishi
    Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets.2019; 19(1): 46.     CrossRef
  • Model of Healthcare-Associated Infection Control in Primary Health Care Institutions: A Structural Equation Modeling
    Zi-nan Zhang, Xin-ping Zhang, Xiao-quan Lai
    Current Medical Science.2019; 39(1): 153.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from burn patients in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Mohammad Emaneini, Reza Beigverdi, Willem B. van Leeuwen, Hosseinali Rahdar, Morteza Karami-Zarandi, Faride Hosseinkhani, Fereshteh Jabalameli
    Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance.2018; 12: 202.     CrossRef
  • Health care-associated infections in Iran: A national update for the year 2015
    Babak Eshrati, Hossein Masoumi Asl, Shirin Afhami, Zahra Pezeshki, Arash Seifi
    American Journal of Infection Control.2018; 46(6): 663.     CrossRef
  • Molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization among patients and their parents /guardian in an Iranian referral hospital
    Babak Pourakbari, Mahmoud Khodabandeh, Shima Mahmoudi, Farah Sabouni, Alireza Aziz-Ahari, Abbas Bahador, Sepideh Keshavarz Valian, Reihaneh Hosseinpour Sadeghi, Setareh Mamishi
    Microbial Pathogenesis.2017; 107: 75.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    M. Emaneini, F. Hosseinkhani, F. Jabalameli, M. J. Nasiri, M. Dadashi, R. Pouriran, R. Beigverdi
    European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infect.2016; 35(9): 1387.     CrossRef
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  • 33 Download
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Original Articles

A Study of High-Risk Drinking Patterns Among Generations Based on the 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Yeongseon Hong, Sungsoo Chun, Mieun Yun, Lydia Sarponmaa Asante, Chaeshin Chu
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2014;5(1):46-53.
Published online February 28, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.01.006
Objectives
The aim of this study was to identify how the drinking patterns of a generation on the paternal side affect those of the next generations by estimating the number of high-risk drinkers by generation according to the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test.
Methods
Data were selected from the 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and were analyzed using SPSS 18.0.
Results
Later generations started drinking earlier (62.4%, 71.8% and 91.1%, respectively). The majority of the second generation consumed more than 2–4 drinks a month (83.7%), but only a small proportion experienced difficulty in everyday life (9.6%), felt repentance (9.6%), or experienced memory loss (17.9%) after drinking. Unmarried third-generation adults with high-risk-drinking fathers reported more frequent alcohol consumption [odds ratio (OR) 1.441), greater amounts on one occasion (>7 cups for men, OR 1.661; > 5 cups for women, OR 2.078), temperance failure (OR 2.377), and repentance after drinking (OR 1.577). Unmarried third-generation adults with high-risk-drinking grandfathers consumed greater amounts of alcohol on one occasion (OR 3.642), and unmarried third-generation women more frequently consumed large amounts of alcohol (>5 cups, OR 4.091). Unmarried third-generation adults with high-risk-drinking fathers were more likely to exhibit high-risk drinking patterns (OR 1.608). Second-generation individuals from a high-risk-drinking first generation were more likely to engage in high-risk drinking (OR 3.705).
Conclusion
High-risk drinking by a generation significantly affects the high-risk drinking patterns of subsequent generations.

Citations

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The Influence of Media Communication on Risk Perception and Behavior Related to Mad Cow Disease in South Korea
Jee-Eun Park, Aeree Sohn
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2013;4(4):203-208.
Published online August 31, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2013.06.005
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to ascertain the influence of media communication on risk behavior related to mad cow disease (MCD).
Methods
Mothers of elementary school students in Seoul were recruited as the survey participants of this study.
Results
Media reports affected risk behavior related to MCD. Also, knowledge and attitude toward MCD affects risk behavior.
Conclusion
Risk-related information provided by the media should maintain consistency and objectivity. For effective risk communication, there should be an open communication between the government and public, experts, and related industries, who should all collaborate.

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Review Article

Prion Diseases as Transmissible Zoonotic Diseases
Jeongmin Lee, Su Yeon Kim, Kyu Jam Hwang, Young Ran Ju, Hee-Jong Woo
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2013;4(1):57-66.
Published online February 28, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2012.12.008
Prion diseases, also called transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), lead to neurological dysfunction in animals and are fatal. Infectious prion proteins are causative agents of many mammalian TSEs, including scrapie (in sheep), chronic wasting disease (in deer and elk), bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE; in cattle), and Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD; in humans). BSE, better known as mad cow disease, is among the many recently discovered zoonotic diseases. BSE cases were first reported in the United Kingdom in 1986. Variant CJD (vCJD) is a disease that was first detected in 1996, which affects humans and is linked to the BSE epidemic in cattle. vCJD is presumed to be caused by consumption of contaminated meat and other food products derived from affected cattle. The BSE epidemic peaked in 1992 and decreased thereafter; this decline is continuing sharply owing to intensive surveillance and screening programs in the Western world. However, there are still new outbreaks and/or progression of prion diseases, including atypical BSE, and iatrogenic CJD and vCJD via organ transplantation and blood transfusion. This paper summarizes studies on prions, particularly on prion molecular mechanisms, BSE, vCJD, and diagnostic procedures. Risk perception and communication policies of the European Union for the prevention of prion diseases are also addressed to provide recommendations for appropriate government policies in Korea.

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Original Articles
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Clonorchiasis among the Populations Served by Primary Healthcare Posts along Five Major Rivers in South Korea
Kyung Ja June, Shin Hyeong Cho, Won Ja Lee, Chunmi Kim, Kyung-Soon Park
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2013;4(1):21-26.
Published online February 28, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2012.12.002
Objectives
Clonorchiasis is an infectious disease caused by the Chinese liver fluke <i>Clonorchis sinensis</i>. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and risk factors of clonorchiasis among the populations served by primary healthcare posts along five major rivers in South Korea.
Methods
Forty primary healthcare posts that are located less than 5 km from one of the five rivers were selected from 26 counties. For the purpose of the survey, community health practitioners selected the nearest villages from the riversides in their own catchment area. From January to May 2009, a total of 2788 stool samples were collected and examined using the formalin–ether sedimentation technique. Village inhabitants were also interviewed by means of questionnaires in order to obtain information on potential risk factors.
Results
The prevalence rates of clonorchiasis at various river basins were as follows: Seomjin River, 21.3%; Nakdong River, 13.5%; Geum River, 9.2%; Han River, 7.6%; and Yeongsan River, 4.9%. The total number of people infected with <i>C. sinensis</i> was 329 (11.3%). By gender, 14.3% of males and 7.6% of females were infected. In case of both males and females, the prevalence rate was highest in those in their 40s. Consumption of raw freshwater fish was confirmed as a risk factor based on a logistic regression analysis.
Conclusion
The present findings suggest that clonorchiasis is still highly prevalent among the inhabitants of riverside areas in southern Korea, and, accordingly, it is necessary to implement a systematic control program in the endemic areas.

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    Taeksang Lee, Jun Hyun Lee, Hanna Jin, Yun Kyung Lee, Hyun Beom Song
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  • Infection characteristics of Metagonimus species (Digenea: Heterophyidae) metacercariae in fish from major rivers of Korea
    Woon-Mok Sohn
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  • Risk factors for Clonorchis sinensis infections and control measures reinforced with focused interviews
    Soon-Ok Lee, Fuhong Dai, Eun Joo Park, Yun Pyo Hong, Fu-Shi Quan, Jin-Ho Song, Sung-Jong Hong
    Parasitology Research.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The spatial-temporal risk profiling of Clonorchis sinensis infection over 50 years implies the effectiveness of control programs in South Korea: a geostatistical modeling study
    Hai-Yan Xiao, Jong-Yil Chai, Yue-Yi Fang, Ying-Si Lai
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    Woon-Mok Sohn
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    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Cheon-Hyeon Kim, Min-Ah Hwang, Kyeong-Woo No, Jai-Dong Kim
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  • High Endemicity with Clonorchis sinensis Metacercariae in Fish from Yongjeon-cheon (Stream) in Cheongsong-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea
    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Hee Il Lee, Myoung-Ro Lee, Jung-Won Ju, Gou Ok Kim
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(1): 97.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and Infection Intensity of Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Fish from Soyang-cheon (Stream), in Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jung-Won Ju, Cheon-Hyeon Kim, Min-Ah Hwang, Kyeong-Woo No, Jong-Ho Park
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(3): 265.     CrossRef
  • Survey of Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Fish from Irrigation Canal of Togyo-jeosuji (Reservoir) in Cheorwon-gun, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Hee Il Lee, Jung-Won Ju, Myoung-Ro Lee, Eun-Joo Lim, Sung Yong Son, Eunmi Ko, Jaeseok Choi
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(4): 427.     CrossRef
  • Endemicity of Zoonotic Trematode Metacercariae in Fish from Deokcheon-gang (River) in Sancheong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
    Woon-Mok Sohn, Byoung-Kuk Na, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Hee Il Lee, Jung-Won Ju, Myoung-Ro Lee, Jeong-Gil Park, Jihee Ahn
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2021; 59(5): 523.     CrossRef
  • Surveillance of clonorchiasis in China in 2016
    Ting-Jun Zhu, Ying-Dan Chen, Men-Bao Qian, Hui-Hui Zhu, Ji-Lei Huang, Chang-Hai Zhou, Xiao-Nong Zhou
    Acta Tropica.2020; 203: 105320.     CrossRef
  • Risk Factors of Clonorchis sinensis Human Infections in Endemic Areas, Haman-Gun, Republic of Korea: A Case-Control Study
    Sang-Eun Lee, Hee-Eun Shin, Myoung-Ro Lee, Yang-Hee Kim, Shin-Hyeong Cho, Jung-Won Ju
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2020; 58(6): 647.     CrossRef
  • Risk mapping of clonorchiasis in the People’s Republic of China: A systematic review and Bayesian geostatistical analysis
    Ying-Si Lai, Xiao-Nong Zhou, Zhi-Heng Pan, Jürg Utzinger, Penelope Vounatsou, Darren J. Gray
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2017; 11(3): e0005239.     CrossRef
  • Epidemiological and Clinical Parameters Features of Patients with Clonorchiasis in the Geum River Basin, Republic of Korea
    Hee-Eun Shin, Myoung-Ro Lee, Jung-Won Ju, Byong-Suk Jeong, Mi-Yeoun Park, Keoung-Sook Lee, Shin-Hyeong Cho
    Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Disea.2017; 2017: 1.     CrossRef
  • Risk factors for Clonorchis sinensis infection transmission in humans in northern Vietnam: A descriptive and social network analysis study
    Hoang Quang Vinh, Waraphon Phimpraphai, Sirikachorn Tangkawattana, John F. Smith, Sasithorn Kaewkes, Do Trung Dung, Tran Thanh Duong, Banchob Sripa
    Parasitology International.2017; 66(2): 74.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and Related Factors of Clonorchiasis among Five Major Riverside Residents in South Korea
    Chunmi Kim, Kyung Ja June, Shin Hyeong Cho, Kyung Soon Park, Hung Sa Lee, Ji Yeon Park
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nurs.2016; 27(4): 346.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and Risk Factors of Clonorchiasis among Residents of Riverside Areas in Muju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
    Do-Soon Park, Sung-Jin Na, Shin Hyeong Cho, Kyung Ja June, Young-Chae Cho, Young-Ha Lee
    The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2014; 52(4): 391.     CrossRef
  • Effects of a Clonorchiasis Prevention Education Program for Clonorchiasis Prevention Lecturers
    Chunmi Kim, Kyung-Ja June, Aeyoung So
    Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nurs.2013; 24(4): 398.     CrossRef
  • 4,910 View
  • 32 Download
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Objectives
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases that has shown a remarkable increase, but little is known about the prevalence of low HDL-C in Korea. This study aimed to evaluate changing trends of low HDL-C prevalence, and indicate other risk factors associated with low HDL-C.
Methods
We selected subjects aged ≥20 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 1998, 2001, and 2005 (<i>n</i> = 7962, 6436, and 6412). The mean level of HDL-C and the prevalence of low HDL-C was calculated, and cardiovascular risk factors associated with low HDL-C, as well as demographic, anthropometric, lifestyle, and nutrition factors, were assessed using the KNHANES 2005 data.
Results
Mean HDL-C levels in men and women between KNHANES 1998 and 2005 decreased significantly, from 48.1 to 42.3 and from 51.6 to 47.1 mg/dL, respectively (both <i>p</i> < 0.001). The decrease was slightly less for women compared with men for the same period, and women had higher HDL-C levels at all periods. Covariate-adjusted OR revealed that body mass index, waist circumference, and non-alcohol drinker in both men and women were associated with low HDL-C levels by KNHANES 2005, as were employed and light physical activity in men and low fat intake in women.
Conclusion
The prevalence of low HDL-C increased significantly from KNHANES 1998 to 2001 and 2005 (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in both men and women. body mass index, waist circumference, and non-alcohol drinker were identified as associated with low HDL-C in Korean adults.

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