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6 "Pandemics"
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Original Article
Excess mortality in older adults and cumulative excess mortality across all ages during the COVID-19 pandemic in the 20 countries with the highest mortality rates worldwide
Chiranjib Chakraborty, Manojit Bhattacharya, Sang-Soo Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2025;16(1):42-58.   Published online February 13, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0186
  • 1,239 View
  • 65 Download
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
Mortality statistics during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are crucial for the allocation of medical care resources and public health decision-making. This study was initiated to investigate the excess mortality among older adults during the pandemic. Our research focuses on 2 primary areas. First, we analyzed the cumulative excess mortality across all age groups to assess the global impact and specifically examined the top 20 countries with the highest mortality rates during the pandemic. Second, we explored excess deaths among older adults by categorizing data from the years 2020 and 2021 into age groups: 65–74, 75–84, and above 85.
Methods
We analyzed data from the top 20 countries with the highest mortality rates globally, focusing on 3 components: all-cause mortality means, expected deaths mean, and excess deaths mean for both older men and women.
Results
Although excess mortality is higher among older men and women across all 3 age groups (65–74, 75–84, and >85), the highest mean excess mortality was observed in women over the age of 85.
Conclusion
The results indicate that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus had a disproportionately intense impact on older women. We developed 2 types of statistical models using the data: a binomial distribution model and a correlation coefficient model, both considering the mean excess deaths in older men and women across these 3 age groups. Estimating the excess mortality among older adults will aid in the formulation of healthcare policies for this demographic.
Review Articles
Pandemics: past, present, and future: multitasking challenges in need of cross-disciplinary, transdisciplinary, and multidisciplinary collaborative solutions
Amir Khorram-Manesh, Frederick Martin Burkle Jr, Krzysztof Goniewicz
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2024;15(4):267-285.   Published online July 23, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0372
  • 6,758 View
  • 662 Download
  • 8 Web of Science
  • 11 Crossref
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDF
The extensive history of pandemics has spanned many centuries, profoundly impacting societies, economies, and public health, and thereby shaping the course of history in various ways. Advances in medicine, science, and public health practices have played a pivotal role in mitigating the effects of pandemics over time. This review explores the scientific landscape of contemporary pandemics, examining their diverse and complex nature. It goes beyond the biological aspects of pandemics to consider socioeconomic, environmental, and technological factors. Through a scientific lens, this study aims to understand the complexities of pandemics and contribute to the expanding knowledge base that helps humanity strengthen its defenses against global health threats. By elucidating the enigmas of pandemics, the study hopes to foster a more resilient and prepared global health environment. Highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary, cross-disciplinary, and transdisciplinary approach, this exploration emphasizes the critical need to integrate biological, socioeconomic, environmental, and technological domains to develop more robust defenses against these global health challenges.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Transforming global public health: Climate collaboration, political challenges, and systemic change
    Krzysztof Goniewicz, Frederick M. Burkle, Amir Khorram-Manesh
    Journal of Infection and Public Health.2025; 18(1): 102615.     CrossRef
  • The role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in predicting and combating antimicrobial resistance
    Hazrat Bilal, Muhammad Nadeem Khan, Sabir Khan, Muhammad Shafiq, Wenjie Fang, Rahat Ullah Khan, Mujeeb Ur Rahman, Xiaohui Li, Qiao-Li Lv, Bin Xu
    Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal.2025; 27: 423.     CrossRef
  • Innovative Diagnostic Approaches and Challenges in the Management of HIV: Bridging Basic Science and Clinical Practice
    Mohd Afzal, Shagun Agarwal, Rabab H. Elshaikh, Asaad M. A. Babker, Einas Awad Ibrahim Osman, Ranjay Kumar Choudhary, Suresh Jaiswal, Farhana Zahir, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, Anass M. Abbas, Manar G. Shalabi, Ashok Kumar Sah
    Life.2025; 15(2): 209.     CrossRef
  • BIOSURFACTANT PROPERTIES AND ITS APPLICATION IN CHROMIUM REMOVAL: A REVIEW
    Usman Ali Bukar, Abdullahi Hassan Kawo, Sani Yahaya, Sani Yahaya, Abdullahi Balarabe Inuwa, Aminu Yusuf Fardami
    FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES.2025; 9(1): 273.     CrossRef
  • Tracking the Threat, 50 Years of Laboratory-Acquired Infections: A Systematic Review
    Esteban Zavaleta-Monestel, Carolina Rojas-Chinchilla, Adriana Anchía-Alfaro, Diego Quesada-Loría, Jonathan García-Montero, Sebastián Arguedas-Chacón, Georgia Hanley-Vargas
    Acta Microbiologica Hellenica.2025; 70(2): 11.     CrossRef
  • Artificial Intelligence in Cardiology: Insights From a Multidisciplinary Perspective
    Kalynn Niroda, Cristian Drudi, Joseph Byers, Jasmine Johnson, Gabrielle Cozzi, Leo Anthony Celi, Haitham Khraishah
    Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiogra.2025; 4(3): 102612.     CrossRef
  • Shaping Safety: Unveiling the Dynamics of Incident Reporting and Safety Culture in Saudi Arabian Healthcare
    Hind Alsahli, Ahmed Al-Wathinani, Tariq Althobaiti, Mohammed Abahussain, Krzysztof Goniewicz
    Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare.2024; Volume 17: 3775.     CrossRef
  • The Impacts of Narcissistic Leadership on Achieving the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals—A Scoping Review
    Amir Khorram-Manesh, Krzysztof Goniewicz, Frederick M. Burkle
    Challenges.2024; 15(3): 37.     CrossRef
  • Global Health Emergencies of Extreme Drought Events: Historical Impacts and Future Preparedness
    Zakaria A. Mani, Amir Khorram-Manesh, Krzysztof Goniewicz
    Atmosphere.2024; 15(9): 1137.     CrossRef
  • The Effectiveness and Benefits of Disaster Simulation Training for Undergraduate Medical Students in Saudi Arabia [Letter]
    Ahmed Al-Wathinani, Krzysztof Goniewicz
    Advances in Medical Education and Practice.2024; Volume 15: 1173.     CrossRef
  • Evaluating the efficacy of full-scale and tabletop exercises in enhancing paramedic preparedness for external disasters: A quasi-experimental study
    Ghadeer A. Alakrawi, Ahmed M. Al-Wathinani, Juan Gómez-Salgado, Abdullah M. Alobaid, Mohammed Abahussian, Riyadh Alhazmi, Abdulmajeed Mobrad, Albaraa Jebreel, Saqar Althunayyan, Krzysztof Goniewicz
    Medicine.2024; 103(49): e40777.     CrossRef
Public health agencies’ use of social media for communication during pandemics: a scoping review of the literature
Babatunde Abiodun Balogun, Anne Hogden, Nenagh Kemp, Lin Yang, Maria Agaliotis
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2023;14(4):235-251.   Published online August 9, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0095
  • 4,173 View
  • 201 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Public health agencies (PHAs) have increasingly incorporated social media into their communication mix during successive pandemics in the 21st century. However, the quality, timing, and accuracy of their health messages have varied significantly, resulting in mixed outcomes for communication, audience engagement, and pandemic management. This study aimed to identify factors influencing the effectiveness of pandemic-related health messages shared by PHAs on social media and to report their impact on public engagement as documented in the literature. A scoping literature review was conducted following a predefined protocol. An electronic search of 7 relevant databases and 5 grey literature repositories yielded 9,714 papers published between January 2003 and November 2022. Seventy-three papers were deemed eligible and selected for review. The results underscored the insufficiency of social media guidance policies for PHAs. Six themes were identified: message source, message topic, message style, message timing, content credibility and reliability, and message recipient profile. These themes encompassed 20 variables that could inform PHAs’ social media public health communication during pandemics. Additionally, the findings revealed potential interconnectedness among the variables, and this study concluded by proposing a conceptual model that expands upon existing theoretical foundations for developing and evaluating pandemic-related health messaging.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Co‐Designing a Framework for Social Media Health Communication to Young People: A Participatory Research Study
    Melody Taba, Julie Ayre, Kirsten McCaffery, Diana Vassilenko, Ivan C. K. Ma, Tara Haynes, Julie Leask, Andrew Wilson, Carissa Bonner
    Health Expectations.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
Original Article
Quality of life in patients treated for COVID-19–associated mucormycosis at a tertiary care hospital
Pragya Kumar, Rajath Rao UR, Nilanjan Roy, Deepika Agrawal, Shamshad Ahmad, Kranti Bhavana
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2023;14(2):119-128.   Published online April 18, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0307
  • 3,670 View
  • 79 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–associated mucormycosis (CAM) has emerged as a formidable infection in patients with COVID-19. The aggressive management of CAM affects quality of life (QOL); thus, this study was designed to assess the QOL in patients with CAM at a tertiary healthcare institution.
Methods
This cross-sectional study of 57 patients with CAM was conducted over 6 months using a semi-structured standard questionnaire (the abbreviated World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire [WHO-BREF]) and a self-rated improvement (SRI) scale ranging from 0 to 9. Cut-off values of ≤52 and <7 were considered to indicate poor QOL and poor improvement, respectively. The correlations of QOL and SRI scores were evaluated using Spearman rho values.
Results
In total, 27 patients (47.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 34.9%–60.1%) and 26 patients (45.6%; 95% CI, 33.4%–58.4%) had poor QOL and poor SRI scores, respectively. The overall median (interquartile range) QOL score was 52 (41–63). Headache (adjusted B, −12.3), localized facial puffiness (adjusted B , −16.4), facial discoloration (adjusted B, −23.4), loosening of teeth (adjusted B, −18.7), and facial palsy (adjusted B, −38.5) wer e significantly associated with the QOL score in patients with CAM.
Conclusion
Approximately 1 in 2 patients with CAM had poor QOL and poor improvement. Various CAM symptoms were associated with QOL in these patients. Early recognition is the key to optimal treatment, improved outcomes, and improved QOL in patients with CAM.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • WHO BREF Quality of Life Score as a Prognostic Indicator of Survival in Patients recovered from COVID-19 Associated Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis
    K. Nidhin Das, Vidhu Sharma, Vishudh Mohan, Kapil Soni, Ankita Chugh, Bikram Choudhury, Amit Goyal
    Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck S.2024; 76(4): 3441.     CrossRef
  • Impact of prosthodontic rehabilitation on psychological status and quality of life in maxillectomy patients of coronavirus disease 2019-associated mucormycosis at a tertiary care center: A prospective clinical study
    P. Vijayabharathi, Surabhi Rambhau Somkuwar, Santhosh Rao, Virat Galhotra, Uvashri Selvaraj
    The Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society.2024; 24(4): 351.     CrossRef
Review Articles
SARS-CoV-2 in brief: from virus to prevention
Hassan Karami, Zeinab Karimi, Negin Karami
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2022;13(6):394-406.   Published online November 28, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0155
  • 5,004 View
  • 114 Download
  • 7 Web of Science
  • 9 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
The recent outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), ahighly transmissible virus with a likely animal origin, has posed major and unprecedentedchallenges to millions of lives across the affected nations of the world. This outbreak firstoccurred in China, and despite massive regional and global attempts shortly thereafter, itspread to other countries and caused millions of deaths worldwide. This review presents keyinformation about the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and its associated disease (namely,coronavirus disease 2019) and briefly discusses the origin of the virus. Herein, we also brieflysummarize the strategies used against viral spread and transmission.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Cytomegalovirus and pneumocystis jirovecii co-infection pneumonia as an initial presentation of HIV infection
    Sharare Noruzi, Sobhan Mehdipourrabori, Zeynab Yassin
    Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health.2025; 5: 100174.     CrossRef
  • Mpox virus (MPXV): comprehensive analysis of pandemic risks, pathophysiology, treatments, and mRNA vaccine development
    Sajjad Eslamkhah, Elif Sibel Aslan, Cuneyd Yavas, Nermin Akcalı, Lutfiye Karcıoglu Batur, Asmaa Abuaisha, Erva Esma Yildirim, Mustafa Solak, Kenneth N. White
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Monkeypox: a re-emergent virus with global health implications – a comprehensive review
    Nourhan G. Naga, Enas A. Nawar, A’laa A. Mobarak, Aya G. Faramawy, Hend M. H. Al-Kordy
    Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Polysaccharides and Lectins: A Natural Complementary Approach against the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
    Radu Lefter, Prairna Balyan, Ioana-Miruna Balmus, Abdellah Ech-Chahad, Ahmad Ali, Alin Ciobica, Antoneta Dacia Petroaie, Gabriela Halitchi, Bogdan Novac, Catalina Ionescu, Fatima Zahra Kamal
    Microbiology Research.2024; 15(2): 525.     CrossRef
  • Risk of COVID-19 transmission on long-haul flights: During the COVID-19 pandemic
    Jiyun Park, Gye jeong Yeom, Poowin Bunyavejchewin
    PLOS ONE.2024; 19(8): e0309044.     CrossRef
  • Effectiveness of donning and doffing personal protective equipment education using video debriefing among Korean undergraduate nursing students
    GyeJeong Yeom, Jiyun Park
    BMC Nursing.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Narrative Review on the Pandemic Zoonotic RNA Virus Infections Occurred During the Last 25 Years
    Gobena Ameni, Aboma Zewude, Begna Tulu, Milky Derara, Berecha Bayissa, Temesgen Mohammed, Berhanu Adenew Degefa, Mohamed Elfatih Hamad, Markos Tibbo, Robert Barigye
    Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health.2024; 14(4): 1397.     CrossRef
  • The next viral pandemic: A call for global preparedness
    Hassan Karami, Mina Soleimani, Negar Nayerain Jazi, Kiana Navi, Rojina Sajadi, Mohammad Mehdi Fazeli, Golara Pagheh, Samane Ostadhadi Dehkordi
    Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health.2024; 4: 100150.     CrossRef
  • Surveillance of endemic coronaviruses during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Iran, 2021–2022
    Hassan Karami, Kaveh Sadeghi, Sevrin Zadheidar, Fatemeh Saadatmand, Negar Mirsalehi, Nima Hoveidi Ardestani, Shirin Kalantari, Mohammad Farahmand, Jila Yavarian, Talat Mokhtari‐Azad
    Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
Scrutiny of COVID-19 response strategies among severely affected European nations
Shine Stephen, Alwin Issac, Rakesh Vadakkethil Radhakrishnan, Jaison Jacob, VR Vijay, Sam Jose, SM Azhar, Anoop S. Nair, Nadiya Krishnan, Rakesh Sharma, Manju Dhandapani
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2021;12(4):203-214.   Published online July 29, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0068
  • 13,639 View
  • 150 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 8 Crossref
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDF
Although the health care systems in Europe are considered the global benchmark, European nations were severely affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This manuscript aimed to examine the strategies implemented to combat the COVID-19 pandemic by France, the United Kingdom, Spain, Italy, Germany, and Russia and their outcomes in terms of the number of cases, testing, and deaths. This is the first review of its kind that extensively analyzes the preparedness, mitigation, and response strategies against the COVID-19 pandemic adopted by these nations. This paper further suggests a strategic preparedness model for future pandemics. From the analysis, we found that a decentralized approach, prompt decision-making and timely execution, coordination between local health authorities, and public participation in the implementation of strategies could substantially reduce the case fatality rate. Nations with a high percentage of gross domestic product invested in the health sector, as well as more nurses, physicians, hospital beds, intensive care unit beds, and ventilators, better managed the pandemic. Instead, nations that postponed their pandemic response by delaying tracking, tracing, testing, quarantine, and lockdown were badly affected. The lessons learned from the present pandemic could be used as a guide to prepare for further pandemics.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Psychological impact and development of autistic traits in children during the COVID 19 Pandemic: A study through Guardian
    Waseem Iqbal, Mudassir Hassan, Parveez Ahmed Mir, Syed Kaiser
    IP International Journal of Medical Paediatrics an.2024; 9(4): 135.     CrossRef
  • The Safety of Covishield (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) Vaccine after Three Doses Vaccination under Mass Vaccination Program of Government of India
    Narinder Singh, Jaswinder Singh, Vikram Bhandari, Rahat Kumar
    AMEI's Current Trends in Diagnosis & Treatment.2024; 7(2): 36.     CrossRef
  • A phenomenological experience of trainers in preparedness training during COVID-19 pandemic: Trainers perspective from tertiary care institute
    Rakesh Sharma, Prasuna Jelly, Kusum Kumari, Arun Varghese, K. Hemanthkumar, C. Vasantha Kalyani, Neha Singh, Shalinee Rao
    International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences.2024; 20: 100711.     CrossRef
  • Antibody titre in infants of covid-19 infected mothers
    Shivani Sharma, Pushkar Lal Meena, Rameshwar Lal Suman, Jaya Ninama
    IP International Journal of Medical Paediatrics an.2023; 9(2): 68.     CrossRef
  • A study to assess the level of stress among nursing students of IUST during COVID-19 pandemic
    Javaid Ahmad Mir, Asmat Parveen, Suheel Rashid Wani, Tayyibah Nisar, Sakeena Majeed, Wahida Kausar, Basit Ul Islam
    IP International Journal of Medical Paediatrics an.2022; 8(1): 15.     CrossRef
  • Strategy to prevent infection from Covid-19 among security officers of tertiary care centre: A preexperimental study
    Rakesh Sharma, KusumK Rohilla, Lisa Chadha, Priyanka Malhotra, S Sharmila, Prasuna Jelly
    Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.2021; 10(9): 3257.     CrossRef
  • Post COVID-19 changes in the perception of the parents towards dentistry for their child
    Nahid Iftikhar, Shalini Dixit, Aditi Yadav
    IP International Journal of Medical Paediatrics an.2021; 7(3): 155.     CrossRef
  • A comparative study of attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination in the rural and urban population of Uttarakhand, India
    Rakesh Sharma, Prasuna Jelly, Vishwas AS, Lisa Chadha, Vartika Saxena, Latika Mohan
    Journal of Global Health Economics and Policy.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef

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