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PHRP : Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives

OPEN ACCESS. pISSN: 2210-9099. eISSN: 2233-6052

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Original Articles

Factors associated with malaria infection in under-5 children in Papua Province, Indonesia: an observational study
Betty Roosihermiatie, Gurendro Putro, Arga Setyo Adji, Windy Tri Yuana, Selma Arsit Selto Siahaan, Rukmini Rukmini, Rustika Rustika
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(6):508-520.
Published online November 28, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0152
Factors associated with malaria infection in under-5 children in Papua Province, Indonesia: an observational study
Objectives
Malaria remains a serious public health challenge in tropical and subtropical regions, including Indonesia. Children under 5 years old face particular risk of contracting malaria due to low immunity. We examined potential factors associated with malaria infection among under-5 children in Papua Province, Indonesia.
Methods
The study utilized secondary data from Indonesia Basic Health Research 2018. Multistage random sampling was employed, from the province level to census blocks (CBs). In Papua Province, interviews were conducted in 928 CBs. All 2,745 under-5 children were selected. The dependent variable was laboratory-confirmed malaria positivity; independent factors included residential area, socioeconomic characteristics, and behaviors such as sleeping under an insecticide net impregnated ≤3 years ago and the use of ventilation barriers. We also examined the conditions of the bedroom, kitchen, and living room according to the frequency of window-opening, proportion of ventilation area to the floor, and radiance.
Results
Not sleeping under an insecticide net impregnated within the last 3 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.518; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.391–0.685; p<0.001); having a kitchen without windows (aOR, 0.491; 95% CI, 0.285–0.844; p=0.01); rarely opening the living room window (aOR, 2.804; 95% CI, 1.232–6.383; p=0.01), and having a windowless living room (aOR, 3.027; 95% CI, 1.369–6.696; p=0.01) displayed significant relationships with malaria infection among under-5 children.
Conclusion
Not using an insecticide-treated net impregnated ≤3 years ago, along with opening the living room window daily and having a kitchen without windows, appear preventive of malaria infection among under-5 children.

Citations

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  • Associations of temperature and precipitation with malaria in children under 5: A multi-country study in Sub-Saharan Africa
    Suleiman Chombo, Jovine Bachwenkizi, Huda Omary, Heavenlight A. Paulo, Pankras Luoga, Abdallah Zacharia, Jackline Vicent Mbishi, John D. Andrew, Isaac Y. Addo, Luzia H Carvalho
    PLOS One.2025; 20(10): e0335031.     CrossRef
  • Epidemiology of Plasmodium spp. Detection Among Acute Febrile Illness Patients in Two Regions of Nigeria
    Claire A Quiner, Adamu Zigwai Ephraim, Vivian Kwaghe, Cyril Erameh, Jay Samuels, Lauren P Courtney, Jean H Kim, Osahogie Isaac Edeawe, Nankpah Vongdip, Onyia Justus Ejike, Ikponmwosa Odia, Kat Asman, Philippe Chebu, Jacqueline Agbukor, Oladimeji Damilare
    Clinical Infectious Diseases.2025; 81(Supplement): S168.     CrossRef
  • 3,632 View
  • 241 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Prevalence and patterns of post-COVID-19 symptoms in recovered patients of Delhi, India: a population-based study
Nidhi Bhatnagar, Mongjam Meghachandra Singh, Hitakshi Sharma, Suruchi Mishra, Gurmeet Singh, Shivani Rao, Amod Borle, Tanu Anand, Naresh Kumar, Binita Goswami, Sarika Singh, Mahima Kapoor, Sumeet Singla, Bembem Khuraijam, Nita Khurana, Urvi Sharma, Suneela Garg
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(3):229-237.
Published online May 17, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0251
Prevalence and patterns of post-COVID-19 symptoms in recovered patients of Delhi, India: a population-based study
Objectives
Post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms were widely reported. However, data on post-COVID-19 conditions following infection with the Omicron variant remained scarce. This prospective study was conducted to understand the prevalence, patterns, and duration of symptoms in patients who had recovered from COVID-19. Methods: A prospective study was conducted across 11 districts of Delhi, India, among individuals who had recovered from COVID-19. Study participants were enrolled, and then returned for post-recovery follow-up at 3 months and 6 months interval. Results: The mean age of study participants was 42.07 years, with a standard deviation of 14.89 years. The majority of the participants (79.7%) reported experiencing post-COVID-19 symptoms. The most common symptoms included joint pain (36.0%), persistent dry cough (35.7%), anxiety (28.4%), and shortness of breath (27.1%). Other symptoms were persistent fatigue (21.6%), persistent headache (20.0%), forgetfulness (19.7%), and limb weakness (18.6%). The longest duration of symptom was observed to be anxiety (138.75±54.14 days), followed by fatigue (137.57±48.33 days), shortness of breath (131.89±60.21 days), and joint pain/swelling (131.59±58.76 days). At the first follow-up visit, 2.2% of participants presented with abnormal electrocardiogram readings, but no abnormalities were noticed during the second follow-up. Additionally, 4.06% of participants exhibited abnormal chest X-ray findings at the first followup, which decreased to 2.16% by the second visit. Conclusion: The most frequently reported post-COVID-19 symptoms were joint pain, dry cough, anxiety and shortness of breath. These clinical symptoms persisted for up to 6 months, with evidence of multi-system involvement. Consequently, findings highlighted the need for long-term follow-up during the post-COVID-19 period.

Citations

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  • Quality of life post-COVID recovery: A prospective observational study, North India
    Amod Laxmikant Borle, Mongjam Meghachandra Singh, Gurmeet Singh, Nidhi Bhatnagar, Shivani Rao, Tanya Singh, Binita Goswami, Sarika Singh, Sumeet Singla, Tanu Anand
    The Indian Journal of Medical Research.2025; 161: 722.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and pattern of post COVID-19 health problems among adults attending post COVID-19 clinics of selected tertiary care centres in Kolkata
    Uma Rani Adhikari, Manju Patra
    International Journal Of Community Medicine And Pu.2025; 12(10): 4443.     CrossRef
  • 5,201 View
  • 177 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Short Communication

Correlations between regional characteristics of counties and the ratio of intracounty to extracounty sources of COVID-19 in Gangwon Province, Republic of Korea
Seungmin Jeong, Chaeyun Lim, Sunhak Bae, Youngju Nam, Eunmi Kim, Myeonggi Kim, Saerom Kim, Yeojin Kim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2023;14(3):219-223.
Published online June 8, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0014
Correlations between regional characteristics of counties and the ratio of intracounty to extracounty sources of COVID-19 in Gangwon Province, Republic of Korea
Objectives
This study aimed to examine the correlations between the regional characteristics of counties in Gangwon Province, Republic of Korea and the ratio of intracounty to extracounty sources of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.
Methods
The region of the infectious contact was analysed for each COVID-19 case reported in Gangwon Province between February 22, 2020 and February 7, 2022. The population, population density, area, the proportion of urban residents, the proportion of older adults (>65 years), financial independence, and the number of adjacent counties were assessed for each of the 18 counties in Gangwon Province. Correlation coefficients between regional characteristics and the ratio of intracounty to extracounty infections were calculated.
Results
In total, 19,645 cases were included in this study. The population, population density, proportion of older adults, and proportion of urban residents were significantly correlated with the ratio of intracounty to extracounty infections. A stratified analysis with an age cut-point of 65 years showed that the proportion of older adults had a significant negative correlation with the ratio of intracounty to extracounty infections. In other words, the proportions of extracounty infections were higher in countries with higher proportions of older adults.
Conclusion
Regions with ageing populations should carefully observe trends in infectious disease outbreaks in other regions to prevent possible transmission.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Identifying Tourism Patterns in Post-Pandemic South Korea : Insights from Social Network Analysis
    Mir Park, Ducksu Seo
    Journal of Korea Planning Association.2024; 59(2): 19.     CrossRef
  • 3,522 View
  • 57 Download
  • Crossref

Original Articles

Effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine in the Honam region of the Republic of Korea
In-Sook Shin, Yong-Pyo Lee, Seung-Hoon Lee, Jae-Young Lee, Jong-Ha Park, Yoon-Seok Chung
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2023;14(3):197-206.
Published online June 8, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0308
Effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine in the Honam region of the Republic of Korea
Objectives
In 2021, the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine was analyzed among people living in the Honam region (Gwangju, Jeollanam-do, Jeollabuk-do, and Jeju) of the Republic of Korea. And we investigated changes in the dominant virus strain.
Methods
This study used the data provided by the Korean Ministry of the Interior and Safety for individuals ≥12 years old in the Honam region, and the Integrated Disease and Health Management System of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for COVID-19-vaccinated individuals as of December 31, 2021. Statistical analyzes were performed using IBM SPSS ver. 23.0. The occurrence of confirmed cases by vaccination status, the relative risk, and vaccine effectiveness by vaccine type were calculated.
Results
In 2021, the COVID-19 vaccination rate in Honam was 88.6%. The overall vaccine effectiveness (after 2 and 3 doses) was 98.7% (p<0.001). and the breakthrough infection rate was 0.16%. From week 21 to week 27 of 2021 (June 27 to July 3), the genome sequencing results were mostly alpha variants. The Delta variant emerged as the dominant variant after 27 weeks and the Omicron variant was found at 50 weeks (December 5–11).
Conclusion
Vaccine effectiveness changed with the outbreak of new variants of the virus as well as over time as antibody levels decreased. that the prevention effectiveness of vaccination in Honam was >98%, and the effect among persons who received 2 doses was >90% regardless of the vaccine type. Although vaccine effectiveness decreased because of reduced antibody levels over time (as observed in breakthrough infections), receiving a booster dose restored the neutralizing antibody levels.
  • 4,610 View
  • 96 Download
The first reported hepatitis E outbreak in a food manufacturing factory: Korea, 2022
Hansol Yeom, Soonryu Seo, Youngsil Yoon, Jaeeun Lee, Myung-Guk Han, Deog-Yong Lee, Sun-Whan Park, Song A Park, Sook-Hyang Jeong, Jin Gwack
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2023;14(1):15-22.
Published online February 22, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0305
The first reported hepatitis E outbreak in a food manufacturing factory: Korea, 2022
Objectives
On February 16, 2022, 12 cases of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection were reported in a food manufacturing factory in Korea. The aim of this study was to identify additional cases and to determine the source of this HEV outbreak. Methods: This study was an in-depth investigation of 12 HEV immunoglobulin M (IgM)-positive cases and their demographic, clinical, and epidemiological characteristics. On-site specimens were collected from the environment and from humans, and a follow-up investigation was conducted 2 to 3 months after the outbreak. Results: Among 80 production workers in the factory, 12 (15.0%) had acute HEV infection, all of whom were asymptomatic. The follow-up investigation showed that 3 cases were HEV IgMpositive, while 6 were HEV IgG-positive. HEV genes were not detected in the HEV IgM-positive specimens. HEV genes were not detected in the food products or environmental specimens collected on-site. HEV was presumed to be the causative pathogen. However, it could not be confirmed that the source of infection was common consumption inside the factory. Conclusion: This was the first domestic case of an HEV infection outbreak in a food manufacturing factory in Korea. Our results provide information for the future control of outbreaks and for the preparation of measures to prevent domestic outbreaks of HEV infection.
  • 4,020 View
  • 186 Download
A case-control study of acute hepatitis A in South Korea, 2019
Jung Hee Hyun, Ju Young Yoon, Sang Hyuk Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2022;13(5):352-359.
Published online October 12, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0141
A case-control study of acute hepatitis A in South Korea, 2019
Objectives
We aimed to reconfirm the source of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection through epidemiological and genotype investigations of individual cases in a 2019 outbreak in South Korea. Methods: We investigated food intake histories, associations with hepatitis A, and genotypes of HAV in 31 patients with hepatitis aged 20 to 49 years registered in the integrated disease and health management system during December 1–7, 2019 (case group) and in 35 sex- and agematched people without a history of HAV vaccination or infection among patients’ families and colleagues (control group). Results: The consumption of salted clams was a significant factor (odds ratio, 4.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.32–14.18) in the risk factor analysis of food intake history. HAV genotypes were analyzed in 24 of 31 patients. Type IA and type IIIA were found in 23 and 1 cases, respectively. Conclusion: Salted clams are considered to have been the source of HAV infection at 49 weeks of the HAV outbreak in 2019; this result was consistent with that of a previous epidemiological investigation conducted by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency in September 2019. Therefore, monitoring of the production and distribution of salted clams needs to be continued.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Development of a direct whole genome sequencing for hepatitis A virus from serum and analysis of genetic characteristics
    Daseul Yeo, Soontag Jung, Danbi Yoon, Seongwon Hwang, Dong Jae Lim, Songfeng Jin, Jinho Choi, Ki Ho Hong, Changsun Choi
    Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Infectious Diseases in an Era of Climate Crisis: Emergence and Resurgence
    Gui Nam Wee, Sunju Kim, Kyuwon Shim, Soojin Jang
    Journal of Environmental Health Sciences.2025; 51(6): 353.     CrossRef
  • Monitoring viruses and beta-lactam resistance genes through wastewater surveillance during a COVID-19 surge in Suwon, South Korea
    Rajendra Singh, Jaewon Ryu, Sung Soo Park, Sungpyo Kim, Keugtae Kim
    Science of The Total Environment.2024; 922: 171223.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of Enteric Viruses in Raw Seafood Collected from the Retail Shops in Tehran, Iran, 2022–2023
    Golshid Javdani Shahedin, Maryam Yazdanizad, Seyed Davood Mousavi Nasab, Delaram Doroud, Rahman Shokri, Ramin Mazaheri Nezhad Fard
    Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology.2024; 18(3): 190.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of foodborne viruses and influenza A virus from poultry processing plants to retailed chickens
    Daseul Yeo, Mengxiao Song, Md. Iqbal Hossain, Soontag Jung, Zhaoqi Wang, Dong Joo Seo, Min Suk Rhee, Changsun Choi
    Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Study on the Detection Rate of Hepatitis A from Gastroenteritis Patients and the Genotype Analysis of Hepatitis A Virus in Busan
    Sun Hee Park, Chanhee Kim, Summi Lee, Jihye Jeong, Junghye Choi, Seung Ju Lee
    Journal of Bacteriology and Virology.2023; 53(2): 74.     CrossRef
  • A Study on the Detection Rate of Hepatitis A from Gastroenteritis Patients and the Genotype Analysis of Hepatitis A Virus in Busan
    Sun Hee Park, Chanhee Kim, Summi Lee, Jihye Jeong, Junghye Choi, Seung Ju Lee
    Journal of Bacteriology and Virology.2023; 53(2): 74.     CrossRef
  • 6,954 View
  • 167 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Changes in the pattern and disease burden of acute respiratory viral infections before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Chungmin Park, Donghan Lee, Bryan Inho Kim, Sujin Park, Gyehee Lee, Sangwoo Tak
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2022;13(3):203-211.
Published online June 30, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0144
Objectives
We conducted a comparative analysis of the differences in the incidence of 8 acute respiratory viruses and the changes in their patterns before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: Three sentinel surveillance systems of the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency and data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service were analyzed. The average numbers of reported cases and the related hospital admissions and outpatient data were compared between April 2018–2019 and 2020–2021. Changes in the disease burden and medical expenditures between these 2 time periods were evaluated. Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of reported cases of all acute respiratory viral infections, except for human bocavirus, decreased significantly. Data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service also showed decreases in the actual amount of medical service usage and a marked reduction in medical expenditures. Conclusion: Non-pharmacological interventions in response to COVID-19 showed preventive effects on the transmission of other respiratory viruses, as well as COVID-19. Although COVID-19 had a tremendous impact on society as a whole, with high social costs, there were also positive effects, such as a reduction in the incidence of acute respiratory viral infections.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Performance Evaluation of a Respiratory Virus Multiplex Real-Time PCR Panel Including SARS-CoV-2 and Its Clinical Utility in the Post-Pandemic Period
    Sunggyun Park
    Keimyung Medical Journal.2025; 44(1): 30.     CrossRef
  • Machine learning forecasts for seasonal epidemic peaks: Lessons learnt from an atypical respiratory syncytial virus season
    Roger A. Morbey, Daniel Todkill, Conall Watson, Alex J. Elliot, André Ricardo Ribas Freitas
    PLOS ONE.2023; 18(9): e0291932.     CrossRef
  • 8,088 View
  • 198 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Seroprevalence of immunoglobulin G antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in children and adolescents in Delhi, India, from January to October 2021: a repeated cross-sectional analysis
Pragya Sharma, Saurav Basu, Suruchi Mishra, Mongjam Meghachandra Singh
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2022;13(3):184-190.
Published online June 10, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0014
Seroprevalence of immunoglobulin G antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in children and adolescents in Delhi, India, from January to October 2021: a repeated cross-sectional analysis
Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess changes in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunoglobulin G (IgG) seroprevalence among children and adolescents in Delhi, India from January 2021 to October 2021. Methods: This was a repeated cross-sectional analysis of participants aged 5 to 17 years from 2 SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence surveys conducted in Delhi, India during January 2021 and September to October 2021. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were detected by using the VITROS assay (90% sensitivity, 100% specificity). Results: The seroprevalence among 5- to 17-year-old school-age children and adolescents increased from 52.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 51.3%−54.3%) in January 2021 to 81.8% (95% CI, 80.9%−82.6%) in September to October 2021. The assay-adjusted seroprevalence was 90.8% (95% CI, 89.8%−91.7%). Seropositivity positively correlated with participants’ age (p<0.001), but not sex (p=0.388). A signal to cut-off ratio ≥4.00, correlating with the presence of neutralization antibodies, was observed in 4,814 (57.9%) participants. Conclusion: The high percentage of seroconversion among children and adolescents indicates the presence of natural infection-induced immunity from past exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, the lack of hybrid immunity and the concomitant likelihood of lower levels of neutralization antibodies than in adults due to the absence of vaccination warrants careful monitoring and surveillance of infection risk and disease severity from newer and emergent variants.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • SARS-CoV-2 in Mozambican primary school-aged children at Maputo City and Province: a cross-sectional study from a low-income country
    Adilson Fernando Loforte Bauhofer, Édio Ussivane, Assucênio Chissaque, Fátima Iahaia, Ramígio Pololo, Fernanda Campos, Emerson Miranda, Luciana António, Plácida Maholela, Aline Gatambire, Marlene Djedje, Fátima Ráice, Luzia Gonçalves, Nilsa de Deus, Osval
    BMC Pediatrics.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Pediatric antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 after infection and vaccination in Calgary, Canada
    Leah J. Ricketson, Emily J. Doucette, Isabella Alatorre, Tarannum Tarannum, Joslyn Gray, William Booth, Graham Tipples, Carmen Charlton, Jamil N. Kanji, Kevin Fonseca, James D. Kellner
    BMC Infectious Diseases.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies among rural children aged 6-14 years in a selected block of West Bengal, India
    Vineeta Shukla, Vivek Shukla, Mausumi Basu, Aparajita Mondal, Mamunur Rashid, Ripan Saha
    IMC Journal of Medical Science.2024; : 1.     CrossRef
  • Severe Acute Hepatitis of Unknown Etiology Presenting as Pediatric Acute Liver Failure: Analysis of Likely Etiology, Clinical Course and Outcome
    Bikrant B. Lal, Vikrant Sood, Ekta Gupta, Reshu Agarwal, Rajeev Khanna, Seema Alam
    Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology.2023; 13(5): 912.     CrossRef
  • Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody kinetics up to 6 months of follow-up: Result from a nation-wide population-based, age stratified sero-epidemiological prospective cohort study in India
    Puneet Misra, Arvind Kumar Singh, Baijayantimala Mishra, Bijayini Behera, Binod Kumar Patro, Guruprasad R. Medigeshi, Hari Shanker Joshi, Mohammad Ahmad, Pradeep Kumar Chaturvedi, Palanivel Chinnakali, Partha Haldar, Mohan Bairwa, Pradeep Kharya, Rahul Dh
    PLOS ONE.2023; 18(12): e0287807.     CrossRef
  • Seroprevalence of SARS CoV-2 among children after the second surge (June 2021) in a rural district of South India: Findings and lessons from a population-based survey
    Carolin Elizabeth George, Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Shon Rajukutty, Roshni Florina Joan, Sangeetha Muthuraj, Sindhulina Chandrasingh
    Frontiers in Pediatrics.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 8,936 View
  • 99 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Review Article

Worldwide prevalence of fungal coinfections among COVID-19 patients: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis
Saber Soltani, Milad Zandi, Samireh Faramarzi, Ramin Shahbahrami, Mohebat Vali, Sara Akhavan Rezayat, Reza Pakzad, Pooneh Malekifar, Iraj Pakzad, Neda Jahandoost, Jalal Moludi
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2022;13(1):15-23.
Published online February 8, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0293
Microbial coinfections can increase the morbidity and mortality rates of viral respiratory diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of fungal coinfections in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, and Embase were searched without language restrictions to identify the related research on COVID-19 patients with fungal coinfections from December 1, 2019, to December 30, 2020. A random-effects model was used for analysis. The sample size included 2,246 patients from 8 studies. The pooled prevalence of fungal coinfections was 12.60%. The frequency of fungal subtype coinfections was 3.71% for Aspergillus, 2.39% for Candida, and 0.39% for other. The World Health Organization’s Regional Office for Europe and Regional Office for Southeast Asia had the highest (23.28%) and lowest (4.53%) estimated prevalence of fungal coinfection, respectively. Our findings showed a high prevalence of fungal coinfections in COVID-19 cases, which is a likely contributor to mortality in COVID-19 patients. Early identification of fungal pathogens in the laboratory for COVID-19 patients can lead to timely treatment and prevention of further damage by this hidden infection.
  • 11,419 View
  • 154 Download
  • 14 Web of Science

Original Article

Prevalence of plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases among uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates in southwestern Iran
Nabi Jomehzadeh, Khadijeh Ahmadi, Zahra Rahmani
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2021;12(6):390-395.
Published online December 1, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0272
Objectives
This study was undertaken to evaluate AmpC β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli urine isolates and to characterize the frequency of plasmid-mediated AmpC (pAmpC)-encoding genes.
Methods
Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using the disk diffusion technique. AmpC β-lactamase production was assessed with a phenotypic inhibitor-based method. The presence of 6 pAmpC-encoding cluster genes was detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Results
The proportion of antibiotic resistance of E. coli isolates ranged from 7.4% to 90.5%, and more than half (51.6%) of the total isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Among the 95 E. coli isolates, 60 (63.2%) were found to be cefoxitin-resistant, but only 14 (14.7%) isolates were confirmed as AmpC β-lactamase-producers. In the PCR assay, pAmpC-encoding genes were found in 15 (15.8%) isolates, and blaDHA was the most prevalent type. However, blaFOX, blaMOX, and blaACC genes were not detected in the isolates.
Conclusion
Our findings contributed valuable information concerning antibiotic resistance, confirmatory phenotypic testing for AmpC production, and pAmpC β-lactamase gene content in E. coli isolates in southwestern Iran. The level of MDR recorded in AmpC-producing strains of this study was worrying; therefore, implementing strong infection control approaches to reduce the MDR burden is recommended.

Citations

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  • Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of β-Lactamase and Quinolone Resistance Genes in Imipenem-Non-Susceptible Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) Isolates
    Anfal Kara, Chiara Massaro, Naouel Boussoualim, Meriem Elkolli, Rosa Alduina
    Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Mohammad Taha Ebrahimi, Shahnaz Halimi, Maryam Yavari-Bafghi, Reza Beigverdi, Hossein Ali Rahdar, Mohammad Emaneini, Fereshteh Jabalameli
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    Nawal AL Shizawi, Zaaima AL Jabri, Fatima Khan, Hiba Sami, Turkiya AL Siyabi, Zakariya AL Muharrmi, Srinivasa Rao Sirasanagandla, Meher Rizvi
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    Shayesteh Novin, Seyedeh Elham Rezatofighi, Mohammad Roayaei Ardakani
    Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Comparative analysis of virulence genes, biofilm production, and antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli from dogs and humans using rep-PCR
    Rasa Zarin, Jalal Shayegh, Somayyeh Hosseinzadeh
    BMC Veterinary Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Sina Nasrollahian, Jay P. Graham, Mehrdad Halaji
    Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Sofía Alejandra Fonseca-Martínez, Ruth Aralí Martínez-Vega, Ana Elvira Farfán-García, Clara Isabel González Rugeles, Libeth Yajaira Criado-Guerrero
    Infection and Drug Resistance.2023; Volume 16: 3707.     CrossRef
  • Extended-spectrum β-lactamases producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) prevalence in Nepal: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Christina Khadka, Manita Shyaula, Gopiram Syangtan, Shrijana Bista, Reshma Tuladhar, Anjana Singh, Dev Raj Joshi, Lok R. Pokhrel, Prabin Dawadi
    Science of The Total Environment.2023; 901: 166164.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Resistant Genes in Escherichia coli Isolates from Central China during 2016–2019
    Zui Wang, Qin Lu, Xiaohui Mao, Li Li, Junfeng Dou, Qigai He, Huabin Shao, Qingping Luo
    Animals.2022; 12(22): 3191.     CrossRef
  • Molecular detection and characterization of Shigella spp. harboring extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes in children with diarrhea in northwest Iran
    Sahar Sabour, Amir Teimourpour, Jafar Mohammadshahi, Hadi Peeridogaheh, Roghayeh Teimourpour, Taher Azimi, Zahra Hosseinali
    Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Plasmid-mediated AmpC β-Lactamase Gene Analysis in Klebsiella Pneumoniae Clinical Isolates
    Nabi Jomehzadeh, Khadijeh Ahmadi, Hasti Shaabaninejad, Gholamali Eslami
    Biomedical and Biotechnology Research Journal (BBR.2022; 6(4): 582.     CrossRef
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Brief Report

The laboratory test procedure to confirm rotavirus vaccine infection in severe complex immunodeficiency patients
Su-Jin Chae, Seung-Rye Cho, Wooyoung Choi, Myung-Guk Han, Deog-Yong Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2021;12(4):269-273.
Published online August 13, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0079
The rotavirus vaccine is a live vaccine, and there is a possibility of infection by the virus strain used in the vaccine. We investigated the process of determining whether an infection was caused by the vaccine strain in a severe complex immunodeficiency (SCID) patient with rotavirus infection. The patient was vaccinated with RotaTeq prior to being diagnosed with SCID. The testing process was conducted in the following order: confirming rotavirus infection, determining its genotype, and confirming the vaccine strain. Rotavirus infection was confirmed through enzyme immunoassay and VP6 gene detection. G1 and P[8] were identified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction for the genotype, and G3 was further identified using a single primer. By detecting the fingerprint gene (WC3) of RotaTeq, it was confirmed that the detected virus was the vaccine strain. Genotypes G1 and P[8] were identified, and the infection was suspected of having been caused by rotavirus G1P[8]. G1P[8] is the most commonly detected genotype worldwide and is not included in the recombinant strains used in vaccines. Therefore, the infection was confirmed to have been caused by the vaccine strain by analyzing the genetic relationship between VP4 and VP7. Rotavirus infection by the vaccine strain can be identified through genotyping and fingerprint gene detection. However, genetic linkage analysis will also help to identify vaccine strains.

Citations

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  • Enhanced numerical techniques for solving generalized rotavirus mathematical model via iterative method and ρ-Laplace transform
    Rishi Kumar Pandey, Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar
    Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathemat.2024; 12: 100963.     CrossRef
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  • 127 Download
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Short Communications

Detection of Novel Coronavirus on the Surface of Environmental Materials Contaminated by COVID-19 Patients in the Republic of Korea
Sang-Eun Lee, Deog-Yong Lee, Wook-Gyo Lee, ByeongHak Kang, Yoon Suk Jang, Boyeong Ryu, SeungJae Lee, Hyunjung Bahk, Eungyu Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2020;11(3):128-132.
Published online May 8, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.3.03
<p>This study aimed to determine the presence of SARS-CoV-2 on surfaces frequently touched by COVID-19 patients, and assess the scope of contamination and transmissibility in facilities where the outbreaks occurred. In the course of this epidemiological investigation, a total of 80 environmental specimens were collected from 6 hospitals (68 specimens) and 2 “mass facilities” (6 specimens from a rehabilitation center and 6 specimens from an apartment building complex). Specific reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction targeting of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and envelope genes, were used to identify the presence of this novel coronavirus. The 68 specimens from 6 hospitals (A, B, C, D, E, and G), where prior disinfection/cleaning had been performed before environmental sampling, tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. However, 2 out of 12 specimens (16.7%) from 2 “mass facilities” (F and H), where prior disinfection/cleaning had not taken place, were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA polymerase, and envelope genes. These results suggest that prompt disinfection and cleaning of potentially contaminated surfaces is an effective infection control measure. By inactivating SARS-CoV-2 with disinfection/cleaning the infectivity and transmission of the virus is blocked. This investigation of environmental sampling may help in the understanding of risk assessment of the COVID-19 outbreak in “mass facilities” and provide guidance in using effective disinfectants on contaminated surfaces.</p>

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Contact Transmission of COVID-19 in South Korea: Novel Investigation Techniques for Tracing Contacts
COVID-19 National Emergency Response Center, Epidemiology & Case Management Team, Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2020;11(1):60-63.
Published online February 28, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.1.09
<p>In the epidemiological investigation of an infectious disease, investigating, classifying, tracking, and managing contacts by identifying the patient’s route are important for preventing further transmission of the disease. However, omissions and errors in previous activities can occur when the investigation is performed through only a proxy interview with the patient. To overcome these limitations, methods that can objectively verify the patient’s claims (medical facility records, Global Positioning System, card transactions, and closed-circuit television) were used for the recent ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 contact investigations in South Korea.</p>

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Original Articles

Estimation of the Size of Dengue and Zika Infection Among Korean Travelers to Southeast Asia and Latin America, 2016–2017
Chaeshin Chu, Een Suk Shin
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2019;10(6):394-398.
Published online December 31, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.6.10
<sec> <title>Objectives</title> <p>To estimate the number and risk of imported infections resulting from people visiting Asian and Latin American countries.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>The dataset of visitors to 5 Asian countries with dengue were analyzed for 2016 and 2017, and in the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam, imported cases of zika virus infection were also reported. For zika virus, a single imported case was reported from Brazil in 2016, and 2 imported cases reported from the Maldives in 2017. To understand the transmissibility in 5 Southeast Asian countries, the estimate of the force of infection, i.e., the hazard of infection per year and the average duration of travel has been extracted. Outbound travel numbers were retrieved from the World Tourism Organization, including business travelers.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Results</title> <p>The incidence of imported dengue in 2016 was estimated at 7.46, 15.00, 2.14, 4.73 and 2.40 per 100,000 travelers visiting Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia and Vietnam, respectively. Similarly, 2.55, 1.65, 1.53, 1.86 and 1.70 per 100,000 travelers in 2017, respectively. It was estimated that there were 60.1 infections (range: from 16.8 to 150.7 infections) with zika virus in Brazil, 2016, and 345.6 infections (range: from 85.4 to 425.5 infections) with zika virus in the Maldives, 2017.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>This study emphasizes that dengue and zika virus infections are mild in their nature, and a substantial number of infections may go undetected. An appropriate risk assessment of zika virus infection must use the estimated total size of infections.</p></sec>

Citations

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  • Estimating the incidence of dengue in international air travelers from non-endemic countries between 2010–2019
    Matt D. T. Hitchings, Yi Xu, Bernardo García-Carreras, Adriana Gallagher, Justin J. O’Hagan, Derek A. T. Cummings, Michael R Holbrook
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.2025; 19(7): e0013291.     CrossRef
  • 6,605 View
  • 95 Download
  • Crossref
Relationships between Virulence Factors and Antimicrobial Resistance among Escherichia coli Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections and Commensal Isolates in Tehran, Iran
Mohammad Reza Asadi Karam, Mehri Habibi, Saeid Bouzari
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2018;9(5):217-224.
Published online October 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2018.9.5.02
<sec> <title>Objectives</title> <p>Uropathogenic <italic>Escherichia coli</italic> (UPEC) are the major cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Here, we determined whether sensitivity to antibiotics was related to the prevalence of iron scavenging genes, or to biofilm and hemolysis formation.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>A total of 110 UPEC and 30 <italic>E coli</italic> isolates were collected from the urine of UTI patients and feces of healthy individuals without UTI, respectively. The presence of iron receptor genes and phenotypic properties were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction and phenotypic methods, respectively. Susceptibility to routine antibiotics was evaluated using the disc diffusion method.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Results</title> <p>The prevalence of iron scavenging genes ranged from 21.8% (<italic>ireA</italic>) to 84.5% (<italic>chuA</italic>) in the UPEC. Resistance to ceftazidime and cefotaxime was significantly correlated with the presence of <italic>fyuA</italic> and <italic>iutA</italic> iron genes. Biofilm production was significantly associated with the prevalence of <italic>fyuA</italic> and <italic>hma</italic> iron genes. A higher degree of antibiotic resistance was exhibited by isolates that produced biofilms than by their non-biofilm producing counterparts.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>Our study clearly indicates that biofilm production is associated with antibiotic resistance, and that iron receptors and hemolysin production also contribute to reduced antibiotic sensitivity. These results further our understanding of the role that these virulence factors play during UPEC pathogenesis, which in turn may be valuable for the development of novel treatment strategies against UTIs.</p></sec>

Citations

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  • Escherichia coli: An arduous voyage from commensal to Antibiotic-resistance
    Shiela Chetri
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Epidemiological Study on Candida Species in Patients with Cancer in the Intensive Care Unit
Young-ju Choi, Byeongyeo Lee, Sun-A Park
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2017;8(6):384-388.
Published online December 31, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.6.05
<sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Although cancer survival rates have increased, serious infection complications can arise in cancer patients. <italic>Candida</italic> can occur in various tissues and has significant effects on the prognosis of patients with cancer. Thus, we conducted an epidemiological study on <italic>Candida</italic> infections in patients with cancer admitted to the intensive care unit.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>A retrospective study was conducted in adult patients with cancer admitted to the intensive care unit between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2015. <italic>Candida</italic> infection status and predictive factors for mortality were examined in 634 patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The predictive factors for mortality included the use of steroids, use of a central venous catheter or mechanical ventilator, and identification of <italic>Candida</italic> in the blood. Patients who stayed in the surgical and intensive care unit for more than 7 days had a lower risk of death than that in those with shorter days.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The present study shows that invasive procedures, bloodstream infections, and the use of steroids increase the risk of mortality in <italic>Candida</italic>-infected patients with cancer. To improve the quality of life and reduce mortality, further studies are needed on the factors affecting the risk of mortality associated with <italic>Candida</italic> infection.</p></sec>

Citations

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  • Ionic Liquids with Anti-Candida and Anticancer Dual Activity as Potential N-Myristoyltransferase Inhibitors
    Larysa Metelytsia, Maria Trush, Ivan Semenyuta, Sergiy Rogalsky, Oleksandr Kobzar, Larisa Kalashnikova, Volodymyr Blagodatny, Diana Hodyna
    Current Bioactive Compounds.2020; 16(7): 1036.     CrossRef
  • 6,312 View
  • 39 Download
  • Crossref

Review Article

Foodborne Infectious Diseases Mediated by Inappropriate Infection Control in Food Service Businesses and Relevant Countermeasures in Korea
Jong Myong Park, Young-Hyun You, Hyun-Min Cho, Ji Won Hong, Sa-Youl Ghim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2017;8(3):159-168.
Published online June 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.3.02
<sec><title>Objectives</title><p>The objective of this review is to propose an appropriate course of action for improving the guidelines followed by food handlers for control of infection. For this purpose, previous epidemiological reports related to acute gastroenteritis in food service businesses mediated by food handlers were intensively analyzed.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Relevant studies were identified in international databases. We selected eligible papers reporting foodborne infectious disease outbreaks. Among primary literature collection, the abstract of each article was investigated to find cases that absolutely identified a causative factor to be food handlers’ inappropriate infection control and the taxon of causative microbial agents by epidemiological methodologies. Information about the sites (type of food business) where the outbreaks occurred was investigated.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>A wide variety of causative microbial agents has been investigated, using several epidemiological methods. These agents have shown diverse propagation pathways based on their own molecular pathogenesis, physiology, taxonomy, and etiology.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Depending on etiology, transmission, propagation, and microbiological traits, we can predict the transmission characteristics of pathogens in food preparation areas. The infected food workers have a somewhat different ecological place in infection epidemiology as compared to the general population. However, the current Korean Food Safety Act cannot propose detailed guidelines. Therefore, different methodologies have to be made available to prevent further infections.</p></sec>

Citations

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  • Risk Awareness and Protective Behaviors of Food Service Workers Against Communicable Diseases in a District Center
    Talha Pekel, Hasibe Kadıoğlu
    Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimler.2025; 7(2): 373.     CrossRef
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    D. J. Bissonnette, B. N. Burk, M. Hadley, P. Knoblich
    International Journal of Obesity.2022; 46(7): 1328.     CrossRef
  • Worker Protection Scenarios for General Analytical Testing Facility under Several Infection Propagation Risks: Scoping Review, Epidemiological Model and ISO 31000
    Jong-Myong Park, Joong-Hee Cho, Nam-Soo Jun, Ki-In Bang, Ji-Won Hong
    International Journal of Environmental Research an.2022; 19(19): 12001.     CrossRef
  • Assessment of potential factors that support the endemicity of cholera in Nigeria from food handlers, health workers and the environment
    Olufemi Samuel Amoo, Oluwatoyin Awoderu, Jacob Yisau, David Oladele, Aghata Nkiru David, Toyosi Raheem, Mabel Uwandu, Moses Bamidele , Toun Wuraola Fesobi, Adeshina AbdusSalam, Samuel Nduaga, Chinedum Taahie Oparaugo, Morakinyo Ajayi, Francisc
    Microbiologia Medica.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Korean food franchise industry: Diverse development and conceptual definitions of a food safety managing body
    Jong Myong Park, Jong Mun Kim, Ah Reum Lee, Hyun Min Cho, Ji Won Hong, Sa‐Youl Ghim
    Journal of Food Safety.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Microbial risks in food franchise: A step forward in establishing ideal cleaning and disinfection practices in SSOPs
    Jong Myong Park, Ah Reum Lee, Ji Won Hong, Sa‐Youl Ghim
    Journal of Food Safety.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • New procedures for food handlers under infectious gastrointestinal disease: To control emerging microbial problems
    Jong Myong Park, Hyun Min Cho, Jong Mun Kim, Sa‐Youl Ghim
    Journal of Food Safety.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 8,522 View
  • 58 Download
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Original Articles

Estimating Tuberculin Skin Test Reactions among Children and Teenagers Who Received the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Vaccination at Birth: A Meta-analysis
Mohammad Sadegh Rezai, Siavosh Abedi, Mahdi Afshari, Mahmood Moosazadeh
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2017;8(1):3-10.
Published online February 28, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.1.02
<sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Tuberculin skin reaction size is one indicator of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine efficacy and a way to diagnose latent infection. Several primary studies have examined this issue. Combining the results of these studies using a meta-analysis will provide reliable evidence regarding this indicator for policymakers. This study aimed to estimate the total frequency of different tuberculin skin test reactions among Iranian children and teenagers who received the BCG vaccination at birth.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>National and international databanks were searched using relevant keywords. After the search strategy was restricted and duplicates were excluded, the titles and abstracts of the remaining papers were screened. All included studies included healthy children who received the BCG vaccine without confirmed tuberculosis exposure. Heterogeneity of the results was assessed using the Cochrane test and I<sup>2</sup> index showed the random effects model as the best model for estimating the pooled results.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>We combined the results of 14 primary studies including purified protein derivative reaction test measures of 26,281 Iranian children. The frequencies (95% confidence intervals) of the reactions were 8.5% (6.2–10.8) for patients with a reaction size ≥ 10 mm, 29.9% (22.3–37.4) for a reaction size of 5–9 mm, and 60% (48.9–71.1) for a reaction size < 5 mm.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Our study showed that large numbers of Iranian children and teens have no positive BCG vaccine reaction and a considerable number of children have been exposed to <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</italic>.</p></sec>

Citations

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  • Comparison of Serum Immunoglobulin Levels and Lymphocyte Counts in Children with Lymphadenitis Following BCG Vaccination
    Leila Barati, Arash Kalantari, Jalaladdin Sheikh, Fateme-Sadat Tabatabaee, Farshid Kompani, Maryam Najafinejad, Ahmad Sohrabi, Fatemeh Cheraghali
    Iranian Journal of Pediatrics.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Is latent tuberculosis infection challenging in Iranian health care workers? A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Mohammad Hossein YektaKooshali, Farahnaz Movahedzadeh, Ali Alavi Foumani, Hoda Sabati, Alireza Jafari, HASNAIN SEYED EHTESHAM
    PLOS ONE.2019; 14(10): e0223335.     CrossRef
  • 7,299 View
  • 43 Download
  • Crossref
Epidemiological Characterization of Skin Fungal Infections Between the Years 2006 and 2010 in Korea
Sang-Ha Kim, Seung-Hak Cho, Seung-Ki Youn, Je-Seop Park, Jong Tae Choi, Young-Seok Bak, Young-Bin Yu, Young Kwon Kim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2015;6(6):341-345.
Published online December 31, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2015.10.012
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to build and provide a basic database of skin fungal infections for the effective management of skin fungal infections in the future.
Methods
We collected health insurance data between the years 2006 and 2010 from the Health Insurance Corporation (Seoul, Korea) and analyzed the data to determine the prevalence and treatment management of skin fungal infections.
Results
Skin fungal infections were divided into two groups: namely dermatophytosis and other superficial mycoses. Dermatophytosis showed a higher prevalence (16,035,399 cases) than the other superficial mycoses (794,847 cases) within the study period. The prevalence rate decreased consecutively by 0.01% to 0.19% every year. The prevalence according to region showed that Jeolla-do had a high prevalence distribution. The prevalences in men and women were similar (7.01% vs. 6.26%). It is interesting to note that adults from the 50–79-year age group showed a higher prevalence than children and young adults. The average convalescence time (days) of dermatophytosis was longer than that of other superficial mycoses. The total medical expenses were also much higher in dermatophytosis than in the other superficial mycoses.
Conclusion
This study provides useful data for study trends of skin fungal infections.

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Phenotypic Assays to Determine Virulence Factors of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) Isolates and their Correlation with Antibiotic Resistance Pattern
Mohsen Tabasi, Mohammad Reza Asadi Karam, Mehri Habibi, Mir Saeed Yekaninejad, Saeid Bouzari
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2015;6(4):261-268.
Published online August 31, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2015.08.002
Objectives
Urinary tract infection caused by uropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (UPEC) strains is one of the most important infections in the world. UPEC encode widespread virulence factors closely related with pathogenesis of the bacteria. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the presence of different phenotypic virulence markers in UPEC isolates and determine their correlation with antibiotic resistance pattern.
Methods
UPEC isolates from patients with different clinical symptoms of UTI were collected and screened for biofilm and hemolysin production, mannose resistant, and mannose sensitive hemagglutination (MRHA and MSHA, respectively). In addition, antimicrobial resistance pattern and ESBL-producing isolates were recorded.
Results
Of the 156 UPEC isolates, biofilm and hemolysin formation was seen in 133 (85.3%) and 53 (34%) isolates, respectively. Moreover, 98 (62.8%) and 58 (37.2%) isolates showed the presence of Types 1 fimbriae (MSHA) and P fimbriae (MRHA), respectively. Our results also showed a relationship between biofilm formation in UPEC isolated from acute cystitis patients and recurrent UTI cases. Occurrence of UTI was dramatically correlated with the patients' profiles. We observed that the difference in antimicrobial susceptibilities of the biofilm and nonbiofilm former isolates was statistically significant. The UPEC isolates showed the highest resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, amoxicillin, and cotrimoxazole. Moreover, 26.9% of isolates were ESBL producers.
Conclusion
This study indicated that there is a relationship between the phenotypic virulence traits of the UPEC isolates, patients' profiles, and antibiotic resistance. Detection of the phenotypic virulence factors could help to improve understanding of pathogenesis of UPEC isolates and better medical intervention.

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Modification of AxSYM Human Immunodeficiency Virus Assay to Identify Recent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections in Korean Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Individuals
Jin-Sook Wang, Mee-Kyung Kee, Byeong-Sun Choi, Sung Soon Kim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2015;6(3):184-191.
Published online June 30, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2015.06.002
Objectives
To estimate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence using HIV avidity assays in Korea, we established a serological testing method to differentiate recent HIV infections from long-standing ones.
Methods
We adopted two incidence assays, the BED HIV-1 incidence test (Calypte Biomedical) and an HIV avidity assay (using Abbott AxSYM HIV Antigen/Antibody Combo), and performed them on Korean HIV samples obtained from 81 HIV seroconverters (<i>n</i> = 193), 135 HIV-positive samples, and three HIV commercial incidence panels (PRB965, PRB933, and PRB601 from SeaCare). To determine the most optimal concentration of the chaotropic agent (Guanidine) and the cutoff value for the avidity assay, we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of the assay at different concentration levels.
Results
We determined that the concentration of Guanidine to be used in the avidity assay was 1.5M. The cutoff value of the avidity index (AI) was 0.8, and the sensitivity and specificity were 90.2% and 83.8%, respectively, under this condition. The gray zone for the avidity assay was 0.75–0.85 AI. The mean of coefficient of variation was low, at 5.43%.
Conclusion
An optimized avidity assay for the diagnosis of recent HIV infections using Korean samples was established. This assay will be applied to investigate the level of recent infection and will provide basic data to the HIV prevention policy in Korea.

Citations

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  • Recent HIV infections and associated risk factors among newly diagnosed individuals in South Korea (2016–2023)
    Jin-Sook Wang, Eun Ji Kim, Gayeong Kim, Seolhui Kim, Heui Man Kim, Yea Jin Lee, Ho Gyeong Hong, Min-seong Kim, Na Rae Jo, Tae-Young Heo, Koun Kim, Sungnam Kim, Jeonghee Yu, Myung-Guk Han
    Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Characteristics of recent HIV infection among individuals newly diagnosed as HIV-positive in South Korea (2008–2015)
    Myeongsu Yoo, Jin-Sook Wang, Su-Jin Park, Jeong-ok Cha, Yoonhee Jung, Yoon-Seok Chung, Myung Guk Han, Byeong-Sun Choi, Sung-Soon Kim, Mee-Kyung Kee
    Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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The Usefulness of the Tuberculosis Skin Test and the Interferon-gamma Release Assay in the Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in South Korea
Ju Young Jang, In Won Park, Byoung Whui Choi, Jae Chol Choi
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2014;5(Suppl):S18-S23.
Published online December 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.10.009
Objectives
South Koreans receive the bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination, which influence the result of the tuberculin skin test (TST); however, only a few studies have described the usefulness of the TST and interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) for diagnosing latent TB infection (LTBI). Therefore, our aim was to determine the usefulness of the TST and IGRA for diagnosing LTBI in a household contacts investigation.
Methods
We reviewed the 329 household contacts who visited Chung-Ang University Hospital (Seoul, Korea) from May 1, 2011 to February 28, 2014. To evaluate the effectiveness of TST and IGRA for the diagnosis of LTBI, we examined the concordance rate between the two tests, based on age. We also evaluated the risk factors for LTBI.
Results
The concordance rate between the two tests in individuals 0–24 years, 25–54 years, and over 55 years were 82.6% (κ = 0.64, <i>p</i> < 0.01), 68.9% (κ = 0.40, <i>p</i> < 0.01), and 68.4% (κ = 0.35, <i>p</i> < 0.01), respectively. The ratio of positive TST to negative IGRA was higher in individuals 25–44 years old, whereas the ratio of negative TST to positive IGRA was higher in individuals older than 55 years old. Based on the TST, the risk factor for LTBI was a cavity (<i>p</i> < 0.01). When using IGRA, the risk factors were contact time (<i>p</i> = 0.04) and age over 55 years old (<i>p</i> = 0.02).
Conclusion
The concordance rate between TST and IGRA was not good after the age of 25 years. The IGRA test reflects the known risk factors more exactly.

Citations

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  • Predictors for false-negative QuantiFERON-TB Gold assay results in patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis
    Youn Jeong Kim, Ji Young Kang, Sang Il Kim, Mee Soo Chang, Yang Ree Kim, Yeon Joon Park
    BMC Infectious Diseases.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 6,264 View
  • 37 Download
  • Crossref
Utilization of Laboratory Tests for Tuberculosis and Mycobacterial Disease in Korea
Chang-Ki Kim, Sung Won Choi, Mi-Sun Park
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2014;5(Suppl):S24-S29.
Published online December 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.10.008
Objectives
In Korea, a large portion of tuberculosis (TB) patients are diagnosed and treated in private institutes. Laboratory tests are crucial for TB control. There are many possible problems using laboratory tests in the private sector. In this study, we aimed to investigate the characteristics and trends of utilizing laboratory tests for TB and mycobacterial diseases in the private sector by analyzing the National Health Insurance (NHI) database.
Methods
After selecting TB or other mycobacteria-related test items, we searched the number and cost of each item on the website of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service using the code of each test from 2007 to 2012.
Results
Our data revealed that the number and cost of tests drastically increased between 2007 and 2012. Culture and molecular tests primarily contributed to the tremendous increases. For each year, concentrated smearing and fluorochrome staining were more commonly used. The number of serologic tests for latent TB infection stagnated, despite the expansion of contact investigation.
Conclusion
The NHI data could be considerably useful for understanding the utilization trends of laboratory tests for TB and mycobacterial diseases in Korea. Our data showed that TB laboratory systems have recently improved. In this study, many issues were noticed. Therefore, solutions to these issues are required and the continued monitoring of NHI data regarding laboratory diagnosis.

Citations

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  • Tuberculosis Surveillance and Monitoring under the National Public-Private Mix Tuberculosis Control Project in South Korea 2016–2017
    Jinsoo Min, Hyung Woo Kim, Yousang Ko, Jee Youn Oh, Ji Young Kang, Joosun Lee, Young Joon Park, Sung-Soon Lee, Jae Seuk Park, Ju Sang Kim
    Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases.2020; 83(3): 218.     CrossRef
  • Is Tuberculosis Still the Number One Infectious Disease in Korea?
    Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2014; 5: S1.     CrossRef
  • 4,974 View
  • 30 Download
  • Crossref

Review Article

Management of Hospital Infection Control in Iran: A Need for Implementation of Multidisciplinary Approach
Setareh Mamishi, Babak Pourakbari, Mostafa Teymuri, Abdolreza Babamahmoodi, Shima Mahmoudi
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2014;5(4):179-186.
Published online August 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.06.001
Nosocomial, or hospital-acquired, infections are considered the most common complications affecting hospitalized patients. According to results obtained from studies conducted in the Children Medical Center Hospital, a teaching children's hospital and a tertiary care referral unit in Tehran, Iran, improvements in infection control practices in our hospital seem necessary. The aim of this study was to identify risk management and review potential hospital hazards that may pose a threat to the health as well as safety and welfare of patients in an Iranian referral hospital. Barriers to compliance and poor design of facilities, impractical guidelines and policies, lack of a framework for risk management, failure to apply behavioral-change theory, and insufficient obligation and enforcement by infection control personnel highlight the need of management systems in infection control in our hospital. In addition, surveillance and early reporting of infections, evaluation of risk-based interventions, and production of evidence-based guidelines in our country are recommended.

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    Scientific Reports.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Forough Mohamadi, Babak Pourakbari, Reihaneh Hosseinpour Sadeghi, Maryam Sotoudeh, Shima Mahmoudi, Setareh Mamishi
    Foodborne Pathogens and Disease.2025; 22(5): 309.     CrossRef
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    Mahsa Ghamari, Fereshteh Jabalameli, Shirin Afhami, Shahnaz Halimi, Mohammad Emaneini, Reza Beigverdi
    Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Sabereh Ahmadzadeh
    Water, Air, & Soil Pollution.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Enayatullah Hayat, Hossein Dargahi, Ebrahim Jaafaripooyan, Narges Neyazi, Ali Mohammad Mosadeghrad
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    Traiwat Viryasiri, Vikrom Laovisutthichai, Kullathida Sangnin, Kawin Dhanakoses, Pakwan Roopkaew, Pundharee Viryasiri
    Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Enginee.2024; 23(1): 43.     CrossRef
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    Bruno Russo Porchera, Carolina Moraes da Silva, Rayssa Pinheiro Miranda, Antônio Rafael Quadros Gomes, Pedro Henrique dos Santos Fernandes, Camili Giseli Oliveira de Menezes, Paula do Socorro de Oliveira da Costa Laurindo, Maria Fani Dolabela, Heliton Pat
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    BMC Infectious Diseases.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • High prevalence of carbapenem resistance and clonal expansion of blaNDM gene in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in an Iranian referral pediatric hospital
    Babak Pourakbari, Setareh Mamishi, Shiva Poormohammadi, Reihaneh Hosseinpour Sadeghi, Shima Mahmoudi
    Gut Pathogens.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Archives of Hygiene Sciences.2024; 13(1): 10.     CrossRef
  • Antimicrobial susceptibility and genotyping of microorganisms isolated from sputum culture of children with cystic fibrosis in an Iranian referral children’s hospital
    Setareh Mamishi, Arezu Akhlaghi, Babak Pourakbari, Mohammadreza Modaresi, Mohammad Taghi Haghi Ashtiani, Reihaneh Hosseinpour Sadeghi, Rohola Shirzadi, Zohreh Shalchi, Shima Mahmoudi
    Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift.2023; 173(7-8): 182.     CrossRef
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    Mehrnoush Afsharipour, Shima Mahmoudi, Hojatollahh Raji, Babak Pourakbari, Setareh Mamishi
    Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Mohammad Reza Abdolsalehi, Shima Mahmoudi, Reza Shervin Badv, Babak Pourakbari, Kayvan Mirnia, Yasmine Mahmoudieh, Setareh Mamishi
    Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Setareh Mamishi, Zohreh Shalchi, Shima Mahmoudi, Reihaneh Hosseinpour Sadeghi, Mohammad Taghi Haghi Ashtiani, Babak Pourakbari
    Infection and Drug Resistance.2020; Volume 13: 3317.     CrossRef
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    Shima Mahmoudi, Babak Pourakbari, Aliakbar Rahbarimanesh, Mohammad Reza Abdosalehi, Keyghobad Ghadiri, Setareh Mamishi
    Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets.2019; 19(1): 46.     CrossRef
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    Zi-nan Zhang, Xin-ping Zhang, Xiao-quan Lai
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    Mohammad Emaneini, Reza Beigverdi, Willem B. van Leeuwen, Hosseinali Rahdar, Morteza Karami-Zarandi, Faride Hosseinkhani, Fereshteh Jabalameli
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    American Journal of Infection Control.2018; 46(6): 663.     CrossRef
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    Babak Pourakbari, Mahmoud Khodabandeh, Shima Mahmoudi, Farah Sabouni, Alireza Aziz-Ahari, Abbas Bahador, Sepideh Keshavarz Valian, Reihaneh Hosseinpour Sadeghi, Setareh Mamishi
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  • Prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    M. Emaneini, F. Hosseinkhani, F. Jabalameli, M. J. Nasiri, M. Dadashi, R. Pouriran, R. Beigverdi
    European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infect.2016; 35(9): 1387.     CrossRef
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Original Articles
What Does a Mathematical Model Tell About the Impact of Reinfection in Korean Tuberculosis Infection?
Sara Kim, Seoyun Choe, Junseong Kim, Sanga Nam, Yeon Shin, Sunmi Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2014;5(1):40-45.
Published online February 28, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.01.002
Objectives
According to the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, new active tuberculosis (TB) cases have increased since 2001. Some key factors explain and characterize the transmission dynamics of Korean TB infection, such as a higher ratio of latent individuals and a new reporting system implemented in 2001, among others.
Methods
We propose a mathematical TB model that includes exogenous reinfection to gain a better understanding of the recent trend for TB incidence. We divide the simulation time window into two periods, 1970–2000 and 2001–2012, according to the implementation date of a new TB detection system.
Results
Two sets of parameters, including the transmission rate, the latent period, the recovery rate, and the proportion of exogenous reinfection, are estimated using the least-squares method and calibrated to data on the incidence of active TB.
Conclusion
Among some key parameters in the model, the case finding effort turned out to be the most significant impacting component on the reduction in the active TB cases.

Citations

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  • Mathematical model of tuberculosis with seasonality, detection, and treatment
    Abdul Malek, Ashabul Hoque
    Informatics in Medicine Unlocked.2024; 49: 101536.     CrossRef
  • Analysis of the different interventions scenario for programmatic measles control in Bangladesh: A modelling study
    Md Abdul Kuddus, Azizur Rahman, Farzana Alam, M. Mohiuddin, Jan Rychtář
    PLOS ONE.2023; 18(6): e0283082.     CrossRef
  • Mathematical analysis of a two-strain tuberculosis model in Bangladesh
    Md Abdul Kuddus, Emma S. McBryde, Adeshina I. Adekunle, Lisa J. White, Michael T. Meehan
    Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Age-Specific Mathematical Model for Tuberculosis Transmission Dynamics in South Korea
    Sunmi Lee, Hae-Young Park, Hohyung Ryu, Jin-Won Kwon
    Mathematics.2021; 9(8): 804.     CrossRef
  • Scenario analysis for programmatic tuberculosis control in Bangladesh: a mathematical modelling study
    Md Abdul Kuddus, Michael T. Meehan, Md. Abu Sayem, Emma S. McBryde
    Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Modeling drug-resistant tuberculosis amplification rates and intervention strategies in Bangladesh
    Md Abdul Kuddus, Michael T. Meehan, Lisa J. White, Emma S. McBryde, Adeshina I. Adekunle, Hasnain Seyed Ehtesham
    PLOS ONE.2020; 15(7): e0236112.     CrossRef
  • Predictors of job satisfaction and burnout among tuberculosis management nurses and physicians
    Hae-Suk Seo, Hyunjoong Kim, Se-Min Hwang, Soo Hyun Hong, In-Young Lee
    Epidemiology and Health.2016; 38: e2016008.     CrossRef
  • Is Tuberculosis Still the Number One Infectious Disease in Korea?
    Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2014; 5: S1.     CrossRef
  • Journal Publishing: Never Ending Saga
    Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2014; 5(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • 5,412 View
  • 27 Download
  • Crossref
Forecasting the Number of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections in the Korean Population Using the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model
Hye-Kyung Yu, Na-Young Kim, Sung Soon Kim, Chaeshin Chu, Mee-Kyung Kee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2013;4(6):358-362.
Published online December 31, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2013.10.009
Objectives
From the introduction of HIV into the Republic of Korea in 1985 through 2012, 9,410 HIV-infected Koreans have been identified. Since 2000, there has been a sharp increase in newly diagnosed HIV-infected Koreans. It is necessary to estimate the changes in HIV infection to plan budgets and to modify HIV/AIDS prevention policy. We constructed autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models to forecast the number of HIV infections from 2013 to 2017.
Methods
HIV infection data from 1985 to 2012 were used to fit ARIMA models. Akaike Information Criterion and Schwartz Bayesian Criterion statistics were used to evaluate the constructed models. Estimation was via the maximum likelihood method. To assess the validity of the proposed models, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) between the number of observed and fitted HIV infections from 1985 to 2012 was calculated. Finally, the fitted ARIMA models were used to forecast the number of HIV infections from 2013 to 2017.
Results
The fitted number of HIV infections was calculated by optimum ARIMA (2,2,1) model from 1985–2012. The fitted number was similar to the observed number of HIV infections, with a MAPE of 13.7%. The forecasted number of new HIV infections in 2013 was 962 (95% confidence interval (CI): 889–1,036) and in 2017 was 1,111 (95% CI: 805–1,418). The forecasted cumulative number of HIV infections in 2013 was 10,372 (95% CI: 10,308–10,437) and in 2017 was14,724 (95% CI: 13,893–15,555) by ARIMA (1,2,3).
Conclusion
Based on the forecast of the number of newly diagnosed HIV infections and the current cumulative number of HIV infections, the cumulative number of HIV-infected Koreans in 2017 would reach about 15,000.

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    Mansour A. Abdulwasaa, Esam Y. Salah, Mohammed S. Abdo, Bhausaheb Sontakke, Sahar Ahmed Idris, Mohammed Amood Al-Kamarany, Kuo Shou Chiu
    Computational and Mathematical Methods.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Kamilla Mussina, Shirali Kadyrov, Ardak Kashkynbayev, Sauran Yerdessov, Gulnur Zhakhina, Yesbolat Sakko, Amin Zollanvari, Abduzhappar Gaipov
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    Siti Wardah, Nunung Nurhasanah, Wiwik Sudarwati
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    Lin Wang, Yi Zeng, Tao Chen
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    Shengnan Wang, Max Petzold, Junshan Cao, Yue Zhang, Weibing Wang
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    S. Pilar Suguimoto, Teeranee Techasrivichien, Patou Masika Musumari, Christina El-saaidi, Bhekumusa Wellington Lukhele, Masako Ono-Kihara, Masahiro Kihara
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  • What is Next for HIV/AIDS in Korea?
    Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2013; 4(6): 291.     CrossRef
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Investigation of Biofilm Formation and its Association with the Molecular and Clinical Characteristics of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Jeong-Ok Cha, Jae Il Yoo, Jung Sik Yoo, Hae-Sun Chung, Sun-Hee Park, Hwa Su Kim, Yeong Seon Lee, Gyung Tae Chung
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2013;4(5):225-232.
Published online October 31, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2013.09.001
Objectives
To investigate the biofilm-forming related factors against MRSA bloodstream isolates and evaluates their clinical features and treatment outcomes by biofilm production.
Methods
We collected 126 consecutive methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) causing blood stream infections (BSIs) at 10 tertiary hospitals from 2007 to 2009. We investigated biofilm-forming ability using a microtiter plate assay, and molecular characteristics including multilocus sequence typing, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec and accessory gene regulator types. We compared the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients infected with biofilm-forming and non-biofilm-forming MRSA isolates.
Results
Of the 126 samples, 86 (68.3%), including 5 strong level (OD<sub>570</sub> ≥ 1.0) and 81 weak level (0.2 ≤ OD<sub>570</sub> < 1.0), had biofilm-forming capacity. Detection of fibronectinbinding protein in biofilm-forming strains was significantly higher than biofilm non-forming ones (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and three enterotoxin genes (sec-seg-sei) islands had a high frequency regardless of biofilm production. However, biofilm-forming strains were more likely to be multidrug resistant (three or more non-β-lactam antibiotics) than biofilm non-forming ones [79.2% vs. 59.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.015, odds ratio (OR) 2.629, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.92–5.81]. Clinical features of patients with BSIs caused by biofilm-forming MRSA strains were more likely to be hospital onset [77.9% vs. 60.0%, <i>p</i> = 0.024, OR 2.434, 95% CI 1.11–5.33) and more frequently occurred in patients with use of invasive devices [85.7% vs. 61.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.002, OR 3.879, 95% CI 1.61–8.97]. The other clinical features were compared with the clinical outcomes of the two groups and were not significant (<i>p</i> > 0.05).
Conclusion
Biofilm-forming MRSA strains showed higher frequency of <i>fnbB</i> gene than biofilm non-forming ones and more incidence rates on particular genotypes. And, their patient's features were not significantly different between two groups in this study, except for several clinical factors.

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Estimation of the Infection Window for the 2010/2011 Korean Foot-and-Mouth Disease Outbreak
Hachung Yoon, Soon-Seek Yoon, Han Kim, Youn-Ju Kim, Byounghan Kim, Sung-Hwan Wee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2013;4(3):127-132.
Published online June 30, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2013.04.010
Objectives
This study aims to develop a method for calculating infection time lines for disease outbreaks on farms was developed using the 2010/2011 foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) epidemic in the Republic of Korea.
Methods
Data on farm demography, the detection date of FMD, the clinical history for the manifestation of lesions, the presence of antibodies against FMD virus (including antibodies against the structural and nonstructural proteins of serotype O), vaccination status (O1 Manisa strain), the number of reactors and information on the slaughter of infected animals were utilized in this method.
Results
Based on estimates of the most likely infection date, a cumulative detection probability that an infected farm would be identified on a specific day was determined. Peak infection was observed between late December and early January, but peak detection occurred in mid-January. The early detection probability was highest for pigs, followed by cattle (dairy, then beef) and small ruminants. Nearly 90% of the infected pig farms were detected by Day 11 post-infection while 13 days were required for detection for both dairy and beef cattle farms, and 21 days were necessary for small ruminant (goat and deer) farms. On average, 8.1 ± 3.1 days passed prior to detecting the presence of FMD virus on a farm. The interval between infection and detection of FMD was inversely associated with the intensity of farming.
Conclusion
The results of our study emphasize the importance of intensive clinical inspection, which is the quickest method of detecting FMD infection and minimizing the damage caused by an epidemic.

Citations

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  • Estimating the time of infection for African swine fever in pig farms in Korea
    Hachung Yoon, Youngmin Son, Kyung-Sook Kim, Ilseob Lee, Yeon-Hee Kim, Eunesub Lee
    Frontiers in Veterinary Science.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Meta-Population Model of Potential Foot-and-Mouth Disease Transmission, Clinical Manifestation, and Detection Within U.S. Beef Feedlots
    Aurelio H. Cabezas, Michael W. Sanderson, Victoriya V. Volkova
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    James D. Pleuss, Jessica L. Heier Stamm, Jason D. Ellis
    Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Managem.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Managing complexity: Simplifying assumptions of foot-and-mouth disease models for swine
    A. C. Kinsley, K. VanderWaal, M. E. Craft, R. B. Morrison, A. M. Perez
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  • A study on the spread of the foot-and-mouth disease in Korea in 2010/2011
    Jihyun Hwang, Changhyuck Oh
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  • Summing Up Again
    Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2014; 5(4): 177.     CrossRef
  • Atmospheric pathway: A possibility of continuous outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease in South Korea in 2010–2011
    Prueksakorn Kritana, Kim Taehyeung, Kim Hyeontae, Kim Ki Youn, Son Wongeun
    Computers and Electronics in Agriculture.2014; 108: 95.     CrossRef
  • Journal Publishing: Never Ending Saga
    Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2014; 5(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Roll the Dice
    Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2014; 5(5): 243.     CrossRef
  • Years of Epidemics (2009–2011): Pandemic Influenza and Foot-and-Mouth Disease Epidemic in Korea
    Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2013; 4(3): 125.     CrossRef
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Early Detection of Nosocomial Outbreaks Caused by Rare Pathogens: A Case Study Employing Score Prediction Interval
Hiroshi Nishiura
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2012;3(3):121-127.
Published online June 30, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2012.07.010
Objectives
Nosocomial outbreaks involve only a small number of cases and limited baseline data. The present study proposes a method to detect the nosocomial outbreaks caused by rare pathogens, exploiting score prediction interval of a Poisson distribution.
Methods
The proposed method was applied to three empirical datasets of nosocomial outbreaks in Japan: outbreaks of (1) multidrug-resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> (<i>n</i> = 46) from 2009 to 2010, (2) multidrug-resistant <i>Pseudomonas aerginosa</i> (<i>n</i> = 18) from 2009 to 2010, and (3) <i>Serratia marcescens</i> (<i>n</i> = 226) from 1999 to 2000.
Results
The proposed method successfully detected all three outbreaks during the first 2 months. Both the model-based and empirically derived threshold values indicated that the nosocomial outbreak of rare infectious disease may be declared upon diagnosis of index case(s), although the sensitivity and specificity were highly variable.
Conclusion
The findings support the practical notion that, upon diagnosis of index patient(s), one should immediately start the outbreak investigation of nosocomial outbreak caused by a rare pathogen. The proposed score prediction interval can permit easy computation of outbreak threshold in hospital settings among healthcare experts.

Citations

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  • Lean back and wait for the alarm? Testing an automated alarm system for nosocomial outbreaks to provide support for infection control professionals
    Christin Schröder, Luis Alberto Peña Diaz, Anna Maria Rohde, Brar Piening, Seven Johannes Sam Aghdassi, Georg Pilarski, Norbert Thoma, Petra Gastmeier, Rasmus Leistner, Michael Behnke, Surbhi Leekha
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    Raymond Nyoka, Thomas N. O. Achia, Jimmy Omony, Samuel M. Musili, Anthony Gichangi, Henry Mwambi
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    H. M. Dipu Kabir, Abbas Khosravi, Mohammad Anwar Hosen, Saeid Nahavandi
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    Brice Leclère, David L. Buckeridge, Pierre-Yves Boëlle, Pascal Astagneau, Didier Lepelletier, Andre Scherag
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    Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2014; 5(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Roll the Dice
    Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2014; 5(5): 243.     CrossRef
  • Summing Up Again
    Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2014; 5(4): 177.     CrossRef
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    Hiroshi Nishiura, Hui-Ling Yen, Benjamin J. Cowling, Maciej F. Boni
    PLoS ONE.2013; 8(1): e55358.     CrossRef
  • 5,296 View
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  • Crossref
A diversity of Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus spp. in a Public Transportation System
Pamela J. Yeh, Dawn M. Simon, Jess A. Millar, H. Forrest Alexander, Darleen Franklin
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2011;2(3):202-209.
Published online December 31, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2011.11.047
Objectives
Our goal was to determine the diversity and abundance of <i>Staphylococcus</i> bacteria on different components of a public transportation system in a mid-sized US city (Portland, Oregon) and to examine the level of drug resistance in these bacteria.
Methods
We collected 70 samples from 2 cm × 4 cm sections from seven different areas on buses and trains in Portland, USA, taking 10 samples from each area. We isolated a subset of 14 suspected <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. colonies based on phenotype, and constructed a phylogeny from16S rRNA sequences to assist in identification. We used the Kirbye–Bauer disk diffusion method to determine resistance levels to six common antibiotics.
Results
We found a range of pathogenic <i>Staphylococcus</i> species. The mean bacterial colony counts were 97.1 on bus and train floors, 80.1 in cloth seats, 9.5 on handrails, 8.6 on seats and armrests at bus stops, 3.8 on the underside of seats, 2.2 on windows, and 1.8 on vinyl seats per 8 cm<sup>2</sup> sample area. These differences were significant (p < 0.001). Of the 14 isolates sequenced, 11 were staphylococci, and of these, five were resistant to penicillin and ampicillin, while only two displayed intermediate resistance to bacitracin. All 11 isolates were sensitive to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, vancomycin, and tetracycline.
Conclusions
We found six different strains of <i>Staphylococcus</i>, and while there were varying levels of drug resistance, we did not find extensive levels of multidrug-resistant bacteria, and no <i>S. aureus</i> was found. We found floors and cloth seats to be areas on buses and trains that showed particularly high levels of bacteria.

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