Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives

Article

Neutralizing Antibody Responses and Evolution of the Viral Envelope in the Course of HIV-1 Korean Clade B Infection: Bo Gyeong Shin, Mi-Ran Yun, Sung Soon Kim, Gab Jung Kim; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2011;2(3):151-157. Published online December 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2011.11.038

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Objectives
HIV is able to continuously adapt to and evade the evolving neutralizing antibody responses of the host. We investigated the ability of HIV variants to evade neutralizing antibodies in order to understand the distinct characteristics of HIV-1 Korean clade B.
Methods
Three drug-naive subjects were enrolled in this study who were infected with HIV-1 Korean clade B. Neutralizations were performed using autologous plasma and pseudovirion-based assays in order to analyze and compare changes in the env gene.
Results
In the early phase of infection, neutralizing activities against autologous virus variants gradually increased, which was followed by a decline in the humoral immune response against the subsequent viral escape variants. The amino acids lengths and number of potential N-linked glycosylation sites (PNGS) in HIV-1 env gene was positively correlated with neutralized antibody responses during the early stages of infection.
Conclusion
This study suggests that change within the env domains over the course of infection influences reactivities to neutralized antibodies and may also have an impact on host immune responses. This is the first longitudinal study of HIV-1 humoral immunity that took place over the entire course of HIV-1 Korean clade B infection.

Citations

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Blockage of CD59 Function Restores Activities of Neutralizing and Nonneutralizing Antibodies in Triggering Antibody-Dependent Complement-Mediated Lysis of HIV-1 Virions and Provirus-Activated Latently Infected Cells
Kai Yang, Jie Lan, Nicole Shepherd, Ningjie Hu, Yanyan Xing, Daniel Byrd, Tohti Amet, Corlin Jewell, Samir Gupta, Carole Kounga, Jimin Gao, Qigui Yu, G. Silvestri
Journal of Virology.2015; 89(18): 9393. CrossRef

Original Article

Ingenol Protects Human T Cells From HIV-1 Infection: Kee-Jong Hong, Hak Sung Lee, Yeong-shik Kim, Sung Soon Kim; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2011;2(2):109-114. Published online June 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2011.07.001

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Many natural compounds have been investigated as drug candidates to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with low cytotoxicity. We tested whether ingenol from Euphorbia ingens exerts anti-HIV effects in human T cell lines.
Methods
and Results Ingenol effectively maintained high cell viability (CD₅₀, >1 mM) in H9 and MT4 T cells. The efficacy of ingenol to inhibit HIV-1 infection was dose dependent. ED₅₀ for 100 and 200 TCID₅₀ of HIV-1 was 5.06 and 16.87 μM, respectively. Gag p24 antigen production in ingenol-treated MT4 cells was reduced by 24.5% on day 6 post-infection. While p24 antigen was reduced in ingenol-treated cells, levels of cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 and chemokines such as RANTES and MCP-1 were increased. dUTP level related to late apoptotic events was increased on day 2 post-infection of HIV by ingenol treatment, whereas expression of annexin V was unchanged. Reduced levels of iNOS and ZAP-70 after HIV infection were recovered by ingenol treatment.
Conclusion
Ingenol helps T cells to survive longer against viremia after HIV-1 infection, without exerting cytotoxic effects. Ingenol can be considered a safe and efficacious candidate for immune-boosting therapy for AIDS patients.

Citations

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South African Journal of Botany.2021; 139: 183. CrossRef
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Jin-Gyo Oh, Young-Won Chin, Sung-Jo Kim, Jong Min Choi, Sang Kyum Kim, Hee Eun Kang, Tae-Hwe Heo
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Virology.2014; 462-463: 328. CrossRef
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PLoS ONE.2014; 9(5): e97257. CrossRef

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