Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives

Original Articles

Number of comorbidities and the risk of delay in seeking treatment for coronary heart disease: a longitudinal study in Bogor City, Indonesia: Sulistyowati Tuminah, Lely Indrawati, Woro Riyadina, Tri Wurisastuti, Alfons M. Letelay, Nikson Sitorus, Alifa S. Putri, Siti Isfandari, Irmansyah Irmansyah; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2024;15(3):201-211. Published online June 27, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0337

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Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the number of patient comorbidities and the delays in seeking treatment for coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: This longitudinal study utilized secondary data from the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor (NCDRF) cohort study conducted in Bogor City. Individuals who participated in the NCDRF cohort study and were diagnosed with CHD within the 6-year study period met the inclusion criteria. Respondents who were not continuously monitored up to the 6th year were excluded. The final sample included data from respondents with CHD who participated in the NCDRF cohort study and were monitored for the full 6-year duration. The final logistic regression analysis was conducted on data collected from 812 participants. Results: Among the participants with CHD, 702 out of 812 exhibited a delay in seeking treatment. The risk of a delay in seeking treatment was significantly higher among individuals without comorbidities, with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.735–7.036; p<0.001). Among those with a single comorbidity, the risk of delay in seeking treatment was still notable (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.259–5.418; p=0.010) when compared to those with 2 or more comorbidities. These odds were adjusted for age, sex, education level, and health insurance status. Conclusion: The proportion of patients with CHD who delayed seeking treatment was high, particularly among individuals with no comorbidities. Low levels of comorbidity also appeared to correlate with a greater tendency to delay in seeking treatment.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Adherence to Inhalation Therapy Among COPD Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Tertiary Hospital in Quito, Ecuador
Juan Izquierdo-Condoy, Fernando Gualpa Álvarez, Estefania Morales-Lapo, Washington Arias Calvache, Jessica Bermúdez Moreira, Katherine Quinga-Chiguano, Esteban Ortiz-Prado
International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmo.2025; Volume 20: 399. CrossRef

Associations of pre-existing cardiovascular morbidity with severity and the fatality rate in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis: Foad Alzoughool, Suhad Abumweis, Lo’ai Alanagreh, Manar Atoum; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2022;13(1):37-50. Published online February 18, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0186

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Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of pre-existing cardiovascular comorbidities, including hypertension and coronary heart disease, with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity and mortality. Methods: PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus were searched between January 1, 2020, and July 18, 2020, to identify eligible studies. Random-effect models were used to estimate the pooled event rates of pre-existing cardiovascular disease comorbidities and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of disease severity and mortality associated with the exposures of interest. Results: A total of 34 studies involving 19,156 patients with COVID-19 infection met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of pre-existing cardiovascular disease in the included studies was 14.0%. Pre-existing cardiovascular disease in COVID-19 patients was associated with severe outcomes (OR, 4.1; 95% CI, 2.9 to 5.7) and mortality (OR, 6.1; 95% CI, 2.9 to 12.7). Hypertension and coronary heart disease increased the risk of severe outcomes by 2.6 times (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.9 to 3.6) and 2.5 times (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.7 to 3.8), respectively. No significant publication bias was indicated. Conclusion: COVID-19 patients with pre-existing cardiovascular comorbidities have a higher risk of severe outcomes and mortality. Awareness of pre-existing cardiovascular comorbidity is important for the early management of COVID-19.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Asthma and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in a community setting
L. Jiao, D. Bujnowski, P. Liu, E. Bakota, L. Liu, Y. Ye, A. Dewangan, C.N. Duong, E. Kviten, S. Zaheer, A. Zangeneh, R. Roy, J. Floyd, J. Monroy, D. Wiltz-Beckham
Public Health.2024; 226: 84. CrossRef
Understanding factors affecting implementation success and sustainability of a comprehensive prevention program for cardiovascular disease in primary health care: a qualitative process evaluation study combining RE-AIM and CFIR
Naomi Aerts, Kathleen Van Royen, Peter Van Bogaert, Lieve Peremans, Hilde Bastiaens
Primary Health Care Research & Development.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
New Scenarios in Heart Transplantation and Persistency of SARS-CoV-2 (Case Report)
Lubov Mitrofanova, Igor Makarov, Andrey Gorshkov, Olga Vorobeva, Maria Simonenko, Anna Starshinova, Dmitry Kudlay, Tatiana Karonova
Life.2023; 13(7): 1551. CrossRef
Prognostic Factors of COVID‐19: An Umbrella Review Endorsed by the International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology
Grammati Sarri, Wei Liu, Luke Zabotka, Andreas Freitag, Ravinder Claire, Grace Wangge, Jamie Elvidge, Dalia Dawoud, Dimitri Bennett, Xuerong Wen, Xiaojuan Li, Christopher T. Rentsch, Md Jamal Uddin, M. Sanni Ali, Mugdha Gokhale, Anouk Déruaz‐Luyet, Daniel
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2023; 114(3): 604. CrossRef
Comorbidities in congenital heart disease: different patterns in childhood and adulthood
Zhibao Ding, Jingai Zhu, Ye Ding, Chun Zhu
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

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