The extensive history of pandemics has spanned many centuries, profoundly impacting societies, economies, and public health, and thereby shaping the course of history in various ways. Advances in medicine, science, and public health practices have played a pivotal role in mitigating the effects of pandemics over time. This review explores the scientific landscape of contemporary pandemics, examining their diverse and complex nature. It goes beyond the biological aspects of pandemics to consider socioeconomic, environmental, and technological factors. Through a scientific lens, this study aims to understand the complexities of pandemics and contribute to the expanding knowledge base that helps humanity strengthen its defenses against global health threats. By elucidating the enigmas of pandemics, the study hopes to foster a more resilient and prepared global health environment. Highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary, cross-disciplinary, and transdisciplinary approach, this exploration emphasizes the critical need to integrate biological, socioeconomic, environmental, and technological domains to develop more robust defenses against these global health challenges.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Transdisciplinarity in water management: A systematic review of concepts, practices, and challenges Ana Paula de Carvalho Silva, Margarida Ribau Teixeira, Luís Miguel Nunes Environmental Science & Policy.2026; 176: 104317. CrossRef
Proactive postgraduate education in disaster medicine and preparedness for enhanced disaster management Jonas Zimmerman, Amir Khorram-Manesh, Yohan Robinson, Diana Swolin-Eide, Viktor Glantz, Eric Carlström, Joakim Björås BMC Medical Education.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Spatial-Temporal Patterns and Influencing Factors of Epidemics in Gansu Province During the Qing Dynasty (1644–1911) Haili Zhao, Yamei Yao International Journal of Social Sciences and Publi.2026; 10(3): 77. CrossRef
The environmental impacts and remediation strategies of microplastics in aquatic sediments Abdulrazaq Izuafa, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Josephine Nathaniel, Priscilla Oluwaseyi Obi, Saadatu Muhammad Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
E-collaboration effectiveness in Iraqi healthcare organisations: a multilevel study of groupware usage and trust to enhance sustainable performance Ahmed Z. Tawfeeq, Rabee Ali Zaker, Huda Abdulrahem Hussein Ali International Journal of Productivity and Performa.2026; : 1. CrossRef
Transforming global public health: Climate collaboration, political challenges, and systemic change Krzysztof Goniewicz, Frederick M. Burkle, Amir Khorram-Manesh Journal of Infection and Public Health.2025; 18(1): 102615. CrossRef
The role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in predicting and combating antimicrobial resistance Hazrat Bilal, Muhammad Nadeem Khan, Sabir Khan, Muhammad Shafiq, Wenjie Fang, Rahat Ullah Khan, Mujeeb Ur Rahman, Xiaohui Li, Qiao-Li Lv, Bin Xu Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal.2025; 27: 423. CrossRef
Innovative Diagnostic Approaches and Challenges in the Management of HIV: Bridging Basic Science and Clinical Practice Mohd Afzal, Shagun Agarwal, Rabab H. Elshaikh, Asaad M. A. Babker, Einas Awad Ibrahim Osman, Ranjay Kumar Choudhary, Suresh Jaiswal, Farhana Zahir, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, Anass M. Abbas, Manar G. Shalabi, Ashok Kumar Sah Life.2025; 15(2): 209. CrossRef
BIOSURFACTANT PROPERTIES AND ITS APPLICATION IN CHROMIUM REMOVAL: A REVIEW Usman Ali Bukar, Abdullahi Hassan Kawo, Sani Yahaya, Sani Yahaya, Abdullahi Balarabe Inuwa, Aminu Yusuf Fardami FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES.2025; 9(1): 273. CrossRef
Tracking the Threat, 50 Years of Laboratory-Acquired Infections: A Systematic Review Esteban Zavaleta-Monestel, Carolina Rojas-Chinchilla, Adriana Anchía-Alfaro, Diego Quesada-Loría, Jonathan García-Montero, Sebastián Arguedas-Chacón, Georgia Hanley-Vargas Acta Microbiologica Hellenica.2025; 70(2): 11. CrossRef
Artificial Intelligence in Cardiology: Insights From a Multidisciplinary Perspective Kalynn Niroda, Cristian Drudi, Joseph Byers, Jasmine Johnson, Gabrielle Cozzi, Leo Anthony Celi, Haitham Khraishah Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiogra.2025; 4(3): 102612. CrossRef
Examining criticism of WHO’s COVID-19 response: a scoping review Magde Mohamed Nour, Sezer Kisa, Adnan Kisa Humanities and Social Sciences Communications.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Precision Medicine in Liver and Lung Transplantation: Integrating Immunology, Regenerative Therapies, and Computational Advances Tamer A. Addissouky OBM Transplantation.2025; 09(03): 1. CrossRef
Harnessing Occupational and Environmental Medicine Expertise to Transform Medical Care: A Catalyst for Mitigating the Human Health Impacts of Climate Change Robert K. McLellan, Manijeh Berenji, Ada Egbuji, Kathleen Fagan, Ismail Nabeel, William Brett Perkison, Peter Rabinowitz, Romero Santiago, Patthrarawalai Sirinara, Emily Stoneman, Hannah Thompson Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2025; 67(10): e743. CrossRef
Impact of Rapid Emergency Medical Services Response Times on Patient Outcomes in Saudi Arabia Mousa Abdullah Alhajji Ahmed, Hassan Abdulrahman T, Abdullah Ali Al Kishi, Ahmad Amer Hussain Alamer, Hussain Salem Alali, Abbas Ali Alhajji, Abdulaziz Hussain Ahmed Alabdullah, Mohammed Abbs Ali Aloqili, Reda mohammad Ali Alnahawi, Saleh Mohamm International Journal of Computational and Experim.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Effective Strategies in Disease Control and Prevention: A Systematic Review Salman Daneshi, Mehran Nikvarz, Rasoul Raesi, Ali Kamali, Eshagh Barfar, Kiavash Hushmandi Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Shaping Safety: Unveiling the Dynamics of Incident Reporting and Safety Culture in Saudi Arabian Healthcare Hind Alsahli, Ahmed Al-Wathinani, Tariq Althobaiti, Mohammed Abahussain, Krzysztof Goniewicz Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare.2024; Volume 17: 3775. CrossRef
The Impacts of Narcissistic Leadership on Achieving the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals—A Scoping Review Amir Khorram-Manesh, Krzysztof Goniewicz, Frederick M. Burkle Challenges.2024; 15(3): 37. CrossRef
Global Health Emergencies of Extreme Drought Events: Historical Impacts and Future Preparedness Zakaria A. Mani, Amir Khorram-Manesh, Krzysztof Goniewicz Atmosphere.2024; 15(9): 1137. CrossRef
The Effectiveness and Benefits of Disaster Simulation Training for Undergraduate Medical Students in Saudi Arabia [Letter] Ahmed Al-Wathinani, Krzysztof Goniewicz Advances in Medical Education and Practice.2024; Volume 15: 1173. CrossRef
Evaluating the efficacy of full-scale and tabletop exercises in enhancing paramedic preparedness for external disasters: A quasi-experimental study Ghadeer A. Alakrawi, Ahmed M. Al-Wathinani, Juan Gómez-Salgado, Abdullah M. Alobaid, Mohammed Abahussian, Riyadh Alhazmi, Abdulmajeed Mobrad, Albaraa Jebreel, Saqar Althunayyan, Krzysztof Goniewicz Medicine.2024; 103(49): e40777. CrossRef
First
Prev
