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Review Article
The global prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Alwin Issac, Kurvatteppa Halemani, Asha P Shetty, Latha Thimmappa, Vijay VR, K Kiranmayi, Prabhaker Mishra, Vishwas Kapoor
Received October 12, 2024  Accepted January 6, 2025  Published online February 10, 2025  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0286    [Epub ahead of print]
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Objectives
The objective of this review was to analyze quantitative data on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to increase the accuracy of estimates of the prevalence of ASD.
Methods
This review, which was reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement, included studies conducted from January 2008 to June 2024 on children aged 3 to 18 years that used standardized measurement tools and reported cut-off scores for ASD. The prevalence of ASD was the primary outcome analyzed in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The PubMed, Clinical Key, Scopus, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases were reviewed for relevant studies. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO and followed the Cochrane collaboration guidelines. Data was manually entered into Excel and analyzed using Stata software ver. 17.
Results
A total of 66 studies reported on the prevalence of ASD, screening 21,313,061 children worldwide. Among these, 25 studies were conducted in Europe, 22 in Asia, and 13 in America. Additionally, 3 studies each were reported from Africa and Australia. According to a meta-analysis, 0.77% of children globally are diagnosed with ASD, with boys comprising 1.14% of this group. Notably, Australia showed the highest prevalence rate, with an effect size of 2.18, highlighting it as a critical area for public health focus.
Conclusion
ASD represents a significant global health burden. Early detection, increased awareness among parents, and prompt intervention are crucial for mitigating developmental problems in children later in life. It is essential for health policymakers to acknowledge the prevalence and growing trends of ASD in order to implement effective interventions.
Original Article
Factors associated with malaria infection in under-5 children in Papua Province, Indonesia: an observational study
Betty Roosihermiatie, Gurendro Putro, Arga Setyo Adji, Windy Tri Yuana, Selma Arsit Selto Siahaan, Rukmini Rukmini, Rustika Rustika
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2024;15(6):508-520.   Published online November 28, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0152
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Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
Malaria remains a serious public health challenge in tropical and subtropical regions, including Indonesia. Children under 5 years old face particular risk of contracting malaria due to low immunity. We examined potential factors associated with malaria infection among under-5 children in Papua Province, Indonesia.
Methods
The study utilized secondary data from Indonesia Basic Health Research 2018. Multistage random sampling was employed, from the province level to census blocks (CBs). In Papua Province, interviews were conducted in 928 CBs. All 2,745 under-5 children were selected. The dependent variable was laboratory-confirmed malaria positivity; independent factors included residential area, socioeconomic characteristics, and behaviors such as sleeping under an insecticide net impregnated ≤3 years ago and the use of ventilation barriers. We also examined the conditions of the bedroom, kitchen, and living room according to the frequency of window-opening, proportion of ventilation area to the floor, and radiance.
Results
Not sleeping under an insecticide net impregnated within the last 3 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.518; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.391–0.685; p<0.001); having a kitchen without windows (aOR, 0.491; 95% CI, 0.285–0.844; p=0.01); rarely opening the living room window (aOR, 2.804; 95% CI, 1.232–6.383; p=0.01), and having a windowless living room (aOR, 3.027; 95% CI, 1.369–6.696; p=0.01) displayed significant relationships with malaria infection among under-5 children.
Conclusion
Not using an insecticide-treated net impregnated ≤3 years ago, along with opening the living room window daily and having a kitchen without windows, appear preventive of malaria infection among under-5 children.
Review Article
Global prevalence of enterobiasis in young children over the past 20 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Elham Kia Lashaki, Azadeh Mizani, Seyed Abdollah Hosseini, Bentolhoda Habibi, Khadijeh Taherkhani, Amir Javadi, AliReza Taremiha, Samira Dodangeh
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2023;14(6):441-450.   Published online December 28, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0204
  • 3,961 View
  • 128 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
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Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDF
Parasitic infections are the most common diseases worldwide, and enterobiasis is a common parasitic infection in children. Various studies have reported on the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis in different regions of the world. However, no study has gathered and analyzed this data systematically. Our systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the overall prevalence of E. vermicularis among children globally. Data were extracted from 4 available databases for studies published from January 2002 to April 2022. The quality of the included studies was scored based on the standard Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology. A random-effect model was chosen to calculate the pooled prevalence and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) according to the degree of heterogeneity in the included studies. Thus, 40 publications (42 data sets) that included 3,279 children with enterobiasis met all criteria and were included in the analysis. The meta-analysis showed that heterogeneity among the included studies was high (Q=4,399.35, I2=99.96%; df=41; p<0.001). The pooled global prevalence of enterobiasis among the studied children was 12.9% (95% CI, 8.2%–17.7%). Our systematic review and meta-analysis estimated that, for the past 20 years, 12.9% of children around the world have been infected with E. vermicularis.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Development of a Machine Learning Model for the Classification of Enterobius vermicularis Egg
    Natthanai Chaibutr, Pongphan Pongpanitanont, Sakhone Laymanivong, Tongjit Thanchomnang, Penchom Janwan
    Journal of Imaging.2024; 10(9): 212.     CrossRef
  • Global burden of soil-transmitted helminth infections, 1990–2021
    Jin Chen, Yanfeng Gong, Qin Chen, Shizhu Li, Yibiao Zhou
    Infectious Diseases of Poverty.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
Original Article
Prevalence and patterns of adverse events following childhood immunization and the responses of mothers in Ile-Ife, South West Nigeria: a facility-based cross-sectional survey
Olorunfemi Akinbode Ogundele, Funmito Omolola Fehintola, Mubarak Salami, Rahmat Usidebhofoh, Mary Aderemi Abaekere
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2023;14(4):291-299.   Published online July 27, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0071
  • 3,826 View
  • 172 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
This study aimed to examine the prevalence and pattern of adverse events following childhood immunization and the responses of mothers in Ile-Ife, South West Nigeria.
Methods
This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 mothers of children aged 0 to 24 months attending any of the 3 leading immunization clinics in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The respondents were selected using the multi-stage sampling technique. Data were collected using a pretested structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed using IBM SPSS ver. 26.0. The chi-square test was used to test associations, while binary logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of mothers’ responses to adverse events following immunization (AEFIs). A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
The mean age of the respondents was 29.99±5.74 years. About 38% of the children had experienced an AEFI. Most mothers believed that the pentavalent vaccine was the most common cause of AEFIs (67.5%). Fever (88.0%) and pain and swelling (76.0%) were the most common AEFIs. More than half of the mothers (53.7%) administered home treatment following an AEFI. Younger mothers (odds ratio [OR], 2.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20–5.01), mothers who delivered their children at a healthcare facility (OR, 3.24; 95% CI, 1.08–9.69), and mothers who were knowledgeable about reporting AEFIs (OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.04–7.70) were most likely to respond appropriately to AEFIs.
Conclusion
The proportion of mothers who responded poorly to AEFIs experienced by their children was significant. Therefore, strategies should be implemented to improve mothers’ knowledge about AEFIs to improve their responses.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Advancing Immunization in Africa: Overcoming Challenges to Achieve the 2030 Global Immunization Targets
    Olalekan Okesanya, Gbolahan Olatunji, Noah Olaleke, Mba Mercy, Ayodele Ilesanmi, Hassan Kayode, Emery Manirambona, Mohamed Ahmed, Bonaventure Ukoaka, Don Lucero-Prisno III
    Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics.2024; Volume 15: 83.     CrossRef
Brief Report
Adverse events of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine in Korean children and adolescents aged 5 to 17 years
Seontae Kim, Yeseul Heo, Soon-Young Seo, Do Sang Lim, Enhi Cho, Yeon-Kyeng Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2022;13(5):382-390.   Published online October 14, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0233
  • 3,655 View
  • 129 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • 6 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
This study aimed to identify potential safety signals and adverse events following the primary Pfizer-BioNTech coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination series among children and adolescents aged 5 to 17 years in the Republic of Korea. Methods: Adverse events reported through the COVID-19 vaccination management system (CVMS, a web-based passive vaccine safety surveillance system) and adverse events and health conditions collected from a text message-based survey were analyzed. Results: A total of 14,786 adverse events among 5 to 17-year-old children and adolescents were reported in the CVMS; 14,334 (96.9%) were non-serious and 452 (3.1%) were serious, including 125 suspected cases of acute cardiovascular injury and 101 suspected cases of anaphylaxis. The overall reporting rate was lower in 5 to 11-year-old children (64.5 per 100,000 doses) than in 12 to 17-year-old adolescents (300.5 per 100,000 doses). The text message survey identified that local and systemic adverse events after either dose were reported less frequently in 5 to 11-year-old children than in 12 to 17-year-old adolescents (p<0.001). The most commonly reported adverse events were pain at the injection site, myalgia, headache, and fatigue/tiredness. Conclusion: The overall results are consistent with the results of controlled trials; serious adverse events were extremely rare among 5 to 17-year-old children and adolescents following Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccination. Adverse events were less frequent in children aged 5 to 11 years than in adolescents aged 12 to 17 years.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The descriptive epidemiology of adverse events following two doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in Curaçao, the Caribbean
    Jonathan Lambo, Sirving Keli, Shaheen Khan Kaplan, Temiloluwa Njideaka-Kevin, Sireesha Bala Arja, Alaa Khedir Omer Altahir, Itunu Olonade, Rohit Kumar
    Infectious Diseases.2025; 57(2): 137.     CrossRef
  • Myocarditis and Pericarditis are Temporally Associated with BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccine in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
    Yongyeon Choi, Jue Seong Lee, Young June Choe, Hyeran Lee, Yoonsun Yoon, Seung Hwan Shin, Myung-Jae Hwang, HyoSug Choi, Sara Na, Jong Hee Kim, Hyun Mi Kang, Bin Ahn, Kyoungsan Seo, Sangshin Park
    Pediatric Cardiology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • mRNA COVID-19 vaccine safety among children and adolescents: a Canadian National Vaccine Safety Network cohort study
    Phyumar Soe, Otto G. Vanderkooi, Manish Sadarangani, Monika Naus, Matthew P. Muller, James D. Kellner, Karina A. Top, Hubert Wong, Jennifer E. Isenor, Kimberly Marty, Hennady P. Shulha, Gaston De Serres, Louis Valiquette, Allison McGeer, Julie A. Bettinge
    The Lancet Regional Health - Americas.2024; 40: 100949.     CrossRef
  • Safety of the bivalent COVID-19 mRNA booster vaccination among persons aged over 18 years in the Republic of Korea
    Seok-Kyoung Choi, Seontae Kim, Mijeong Ko, Yeseul Heo, Tae Eun Kim, Yeonkyeong Lee, Juyeon Jang, Eunok Bahng
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2024; 15(6): 542.     CrossRef
  • Safety monitoring of COVID-19 vaccines: February 26, 2021, To June 4, 2022, Republic of Korea
    Yeon-Kyeng Lee, Yunhyung Kwon, Yesul Heo, Eun Kyoung Kim, Seung Yun Kim, Hoon Cho, Seontae Kim, Mijeong Ko, Dosang Lim, Soon-Young Seo, Enhi Cho
    Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics.2023; 66(10): 415.     CrossRef
  • Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 vaccine in preventing morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19 in children aged 5 to 11 years: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Sumayyah Ebrahim, Ntombifuthi Blose, Natasha Gloeck, Ameer Hohlfeld, Yusentha Balakrishna, Rudzani Muloiwa, Andy Gray, Andy Parrish, Karen Cohen, Ruth Lancaster, Tamara Kredo, Julia Robinson
    PLOS Global Public Health.2023; 3(12): e0002676.     CrossRef
Original Article
Epidemiological characteristics of varicella outbreaks in the Republic of Korea, 2016–2020
Eun-Young Kim, Chungmin Park, Gyehee Lee, Suyeon Jeong, Jeongsuk Song, Dong-Han Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2022;13(2):133-141.   Published online April 26, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0087
  • 5,841 View
  • 114 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
We described the trends and epidemiological characteristics of varicella outbreaks from 2016 to 2020 in the Republic of Korea. Methods: We investigated variables such as the outbreak setting, age of patients, vaccination status, and lesion count. The collected data were analyzed with the Cochrane-Armitage trend test and Kruskal-Wallis test. These statistical tests were performed using R ver. 4.0.3. Results: The number of varicella outbreaks increased from 2016 to 2018; however, after a slight decrease in the number of outbreaks in 2019, the number fell sharply in 2020. The median size of outbreaks decreased from 8 to 9 cases during 2016−2019 to 6 cases in 2020. The median duration of outbreaks was 18 days during 2016−2017, 28 days in 2018, 29 days in 2019, and 15 days in 2020. Varicella outbreaks occurred most frequently in elementary schools, and vaccination coverage of patients increased from 89.4% in 2016 to 97.2% in 2019. The median age of patients with outbreak-related varicella decreased from 8 years in 2016 to 6 years in 2020. Conclusion: Significant changes were observed in the age of patients with outbreak-related varicella. Ongoing monitoring of varicella outbreaks should be conducted. Further research will be needed to measure the disease burden of varicella and enable evidence-based policy decisions.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • A cost benefit analysis of varicella vaccination in South Korea
    Young Hwa Lee, Young June Choe
    Vaccine: X.2024; 19: 100521.     CrossRef
  • The Protective Effectiveness of 2-Dose Varicella Vaccination in Children in Korea: A Case-control Study
    Young Hwa Lee, Young June Choe, Kwan Hong, Yoonsun Yoon, Yun-Kyung Kim
    Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal.2023; 42(8): 719.     CrossRef
  • Epidemiological Characteristics of Varicella Outbreaks — China, 2006–2022
    Miaomiao Wang, Xudong Li, Meiying You, Yuanyuan Wang, Xinyu Liu, Zihan Li, Wenjia Zhao, Zhuojun Jiang, Yuehua Hu, Dapeng Yin
    China CDC Weekly.2023; 5(52): 1161.     CrossRef
Review Article
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and respiratory syncytial virus coinfection in children
Milad Zandi, Saber Soltani, Mona Fani, Samaneh Abbasi, Saeedeh Ebrahimi, Ali Ramezani
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2021;12(5):286-292.   Published online October 1, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0140
  • 8,500 View
  • 175 Download
  • 13 Web of Science
  • 10 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has infected many people around the world. Children are considered an important target group for SARS-CoV-2, as well as other viral infections such as respiratory syncytial virus infection. Both SARS-CoV-2 and respiratory syncytial virus can affect the respiratory tract. Coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and respiratory syncytial virus can pose significant challenges in terms of diagnosis and treatment in children. This review compares the symptoms, diagnostic methods, and treatment of COVID-19 and respiratory syncytial virus infection in children.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Evaluating an extraction-free sample preparation method for multiplex detection of SARS-Cov-2, influenza A/B, and RSV with implementation on a microfluidic chip
    Fatemeh Ahmadi, Fatemeh Zahra Zanganeh, Iman Amani Tehrani, Saeed Shoaee, Hamzeh Choobin, Ali Bozorg, Mojtaba Taghipoor
    Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease.2024; 109(3): 116325.     CrossRef
  • Design of multivalent-epitope vaccine models directed toward the world’s population against HIV-Gag polyprotein: Reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics
    Ava Hashempour, Nastaran Khodadad, Peyman Bemani, Younes Ghasemi, Shokufeh Akbarinia, Reza Bordbari, Amir Hossein Tabatabaei, Shahab Falahi, Anoop Kumar
    PLOS ONE.2024; 19(9): e0306559.     CrossRef
  • Results from the second WHO external quality assessment for the molecular detection of respiratory syncytial virus, 2019–2020
    Thomas Williams, Sandra Jackson, Ian Barr, Shabana Bi, Jinal Bhiman, Joanna Ellis, Anne von Gottberg, Stephen Lindstrom, Teresa Peret, Sanjiv Rughooputh, Mariana Viegas, Siddhivinayak Hirve, Maria Zambon, Wenqing Zhang
    Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Viral, Bacterial, and Fungal Respiratory Infections
    Ashley Losier, Gayatri Gupta, Mario Caldararo, Charles S. Dela Cruz
    Clinics in Chest Medicine.2023; 44(2): 407.     CrossRef
  • Viral Coinfection of Children Hospitalized with Severe Acute Respiratory Infections during COVID-19 Pandemic
    Célia Regina Malveste Ito, André Luís Elias Moreira, Paulo Alex Neves da Silva, Mônica de Oliveira Santos, Adailton Pereira dos Santos, Geovana Sôffa Rézio, Pollyanna Neta de Brito, Alana Parreira Costa Rezende, Jakeline Godinho Fonseca, Fernanda Aparecid
    Biomedicines.2023; 11(5): 1402.     CrossRef
  • Clinical Relevance of RSV and SARS-CoV-2 Coinfections in Infants and Young Children
    Rosa Rodriguez-Fernandez, Felipe González-Martínez, Jimena Perez-Moreno, María Isabel González-Sánchez, Blanca Toledo del Castillo, Irene Mingueza de la Paz, Laura Diaz Pozo, Asuncion Mejias, Octavio Ramilo
    Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal.2023; 42(12): e473.     CrossRef
  • Targeting Host Calcium Channels and Viroporins: A Promising Strategy for SARS-CoV-2 Therapy
    Mona Fani, Maryam Moossavi, Hasan Bakhshi, Abozar Nasiri Jahrodi, Mohammad Reza Khazdair, Amir Hossein Zardast, Shokouh Ghafari
    Future Virology.2023; 18(12): 797.     CrossRef
  • Respiratory syncytial virus, recurrent wheeze and asthma: A narrative review of pathophysiology, prevention and future directions
    Elly Binns, Jane Tuckerman, Paul V Licciardi, Danielle Wurzel
    Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health.2022; 58(10): 1741.     CrossRef
  • Impact of genetic polymorphisms related to innate immune response on respiratory syncytial virus infection in children
    Laura Elena Córdova-Dávalos, Alicia Hernández-Mercado, Claudia Berenice Barrón-García, Augusto Rojas-Martínez, Mariela Jiménez, Eva Salinas, Daniel Cervantes-García
    Virus Genes.2022; 58(6): 501.     CrossRef
  • Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 virus in ambulatory children under 2 years old
    Carolina A. Perez, Ivana Ormazabal, Javier Pérez-Valenzuela, Andrea Araya, Rafael A. Medina, Cecilia Perret
    Frontiers in Pediatrics.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
Original Article
The current status of sexually transmitted infections in South Korean children in the last 10 years
Yumi Jang, Eunjung Oh
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2021;12(4):230-235.   Published online August 4, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0046
  • 6,535 View
  • 131 Download
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
This study aimed to determine the status of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in children in South Korea between 2010 and 2019), as well as to establish preventive maintenance guidelines to reduce the incidence of STIs in children.
Methods
Data reports from 590 STI surveillance systems in community clinics, hospital-level medical institutions with urology or obstetrics/gynecology departments and public hospitals between 2010 and 2019 in the integrative disease management system of the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency as of December 2020 were analyzed.
Results
A total of 172,645 cases of STIs were reported over the 10-year period (2010–2019), of which 2,179 cases (1.26%) represented STIs in children below the age of 18 years. A higher incidence of infections was observed in girls (1,499 cases, 68.79%) than in boys (680 cases, 31.21%). The STIs that had the highest incidence were, in descending order, chlamydia (997 cases, 45.75%), gonorrhea (592 cases, 27.17%), genital warts (338 cases, 15.51%), genital herpes (250 cases, 11.47%), and chancroid (2 cases, 0.09%). In adolescents aged 14 to 17 years, chlamydia, genital herpes, and gonorrhea were most frequently reported. Genital warts, in particular, have been consistently reported in children below the age of 14 years.
Conclusion
Children must be protected legally and institutionally from sexual abuse. Specific management protocols for STIs in children must be established by local governments and associated organizations. National human papillomavirus vaccination programs should be expanded to include boys, and anti-STI educational efforts using modern media should be implemented.
Short Communication
Socio-demographic disparities in the eating behaviour of Malaysian children during the COVID-19 lockdown
Sabrina Premila Joseph Louis, Tan Seok Tyug
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2021;12(3):196-199.   Published online May 26, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0053
  • 7,819 View
  • 143 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the eating behaviour of Malaysian children aged 2 to 11 years old during the Movement Control Order (MCO) due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
Methods
A total of 204 Malaysian parents of children aged 2 to 11 years old were recruited for this study using a combination of purposive and snowball sampling approaches. Parents were required to fill an online questionnaire hosted on Google Forms, which consisted of socio-demographic characteristics (including child’s gender, age, and ethnicity, as well as parental income during the MCO) and a 35-item list from the Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ). Data analysis was conducted by further stratifying the children's eating behaviour according to socio-demographic characteristics.
Results
No significant differences were observed in the eating behaviour of the children across age and parental income groups during the MCO. Malaysian Indian children had significantly lower mean scores for the food responsiveness (2.50±0.64) and emotional over-eating (2.13±0.72) subscales than Malaysian Chinese children. Girls had a significantly higher mean score for the slowness in eating subscale during the MCO than boys.
Conclusion
Children’s eating behaviour were comparable across socio-demographic characteristics. Nonetheless, the findings of the current study provide an overview of Malaysian children's eating behaviour during the MCO.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Social determinants of self-reported psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study
    Seok Tyug Tan, Louisa Lee
    Psychology, Health & Medicine.2023; 28(2): 419.     CrossRef
  • Changes in Dietary Intake Patterns and Weight Status during the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Cross-Sectional Study Focusing on Young Adults in Malaysia
    Seok Tyug Tan, Chin Xuan Tan, Seok Shin Tan
    Nutrients.2022; 14(2): 280.     CrossRef
  • Food security during the COVID-19 home confinement: A cross-sectional study focusing on adults in Malaysia
    Seok Tyug Tan, Chin Xuan Tan, Seok Shin Tan
    Human Nutrition & Metabolism.2022; 27: 200142.     CrossRef
Original Articles
Secondhand Smoking Among Children in Rural Households: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study in Bangladesh
Rishad Choudhury Robin, Narongsak Noosorn, Sheikh Mohammad Alif
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2020;11(4):201-208.   Published online August 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.4.09
  • 9,398 View
  • 120 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • 5 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives

This study aimed to determine the factors associated with reducing exposure to secondhand smoke among children in households of rural Bangladesh.

Methods

A cross-sectional study of 410 smokers and non-smokers, in 6 villages of Munshigonj district was conducted. Data were collected randomly using a self-administrative questionnaire. Differences between variables were assessed using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test (as appropriate). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate associations. All results were presented as unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval. The level of statistical significance was reached when p < 0.05.

Results

A smoker in the household was determined to be a risk factor associated with exposure of other household members to secondhand smoke (p < 0.001). Higher education, strict implementation of household smoke-free rules, a higher influence of social norms and culture, as well as moderate knowledge on exposure to secondhand smoke were considered as preventive factors associated with exposure of others in the home to secondhand smoke.

Conclusion

Exposure to secondhand smoke is an extensive and preventable risk factor for children, and reducing exposure to secondhand smoke will have a largely positive effect in the community. An effective public health intervention model may reduce secondhand smoking.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Second Hand Smoke Exposure among Children in Indian Homes: Findings from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey
    Jaya Prasad Tripathy
    Behavioral Medicine.2024; 50(1): 75.     CrossRef
  • Exposure to secondhand smoke is associated with poor sleep quality among non-smoking university students in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional survey
    Md. Hasan Al Banna, Keith Brazendale, Mohammad Hamiduzzaman, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Mohammad Tazrian Abid, M. A. Rifat, Mst. Sadia Sultana, Justice Kanor Tetteh, Satyajit Kundu, Md Shaheenur Rahman Shekhar, Md Khaleduzzaman, Md. Nazmul Hassan
    Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Need for sensitization on serious threats of second-hand smoke: Findings from a national study in Mauritius, a small island developing state in the Indian Ocean
    Marie Chan Sun, Urmila D. Beeharry Panray, Jayrani Cheeneebash, Raj Gunesh
    Preventive Medicine Reports.2022; 25: 101667.     CrossRef
  • Muslim Communities Learning About Second-hand Smoke in Bangladesh (MCLASS II): a combined evidence and theory-based plus partnership intervention development approach
    Ian Kellar, Zunayed Al Azdi, Cath Jackson, Rumana Huque, Noreen Dadirai Mdege, Kamran Siddiqi
    Pilot and Feasibility Studies.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Social measures for reducing exposure to secondhand smoke in migrant workers of sugarcane harvest in the lower northern region of Thailand
    Narongsak Noosorn, Anukool Manoton, Rishad Choudhury Robin
    Tobacco Induced Diseases.2021; 19(September): 1.     CrossRef
Risk Factors in Early Life for Preschool Children in Korea that are Associated with Being Overweight or Obese
Jin Suk Ra, Hyun Jung Yun
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2020;11(1):15-26.   Published online February 28, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.1.04
  • 8,081 View
  • 157 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives

The present study addressed the risk factors in early life for Korean preschool children that are associated with being overweight or obese.

Methods

A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to conduct this study, which included 507 mothers with preschool children aged 3–5 years, who attended daycare centers. Data were acquired via a self-administered questionnaire completed by the mothers. Of the 650 questionnaires that were distributed, 507 (78%) were completed and sent back. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors in early life, which may contribute to being overweight or obese in preschool children.

Results

Fifty-eight (11.4%) preschool children were overweight and 41 (8.1%) were obese. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with adjustment for covariates, revealed a significant association with the introduction of solid foods before 4 months of age [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 9.49, p = 0.029] and a nonresponsive feeding style (aOR = 2.80, p = 0.043) with being overweight or obese in preschool children.

Conclusion

The findings of this study highlighted the need for parenting education programs on feeding practices to increase their understanding of hunger and satiety cues in infants, and appropriate timing for the introduction of solid foods.

Citations

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  • Trajectory of Obesity and the Impact of Eating Behaviors on Obesity in Preschool Children: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in Korea
    Kyeong Hun Lee, Baek Seung Kim, Gitae Seo, Hyeon-Jong Yang, Kyunghoon Kim, Eun-Ae Yang
    Children.2024; 11(11): 1297.     CrossRef
  • Systematic review and meta‐analysis of breastfeeding and later overweight or obesity expands on previous study for World Health Organization
    Bernardo Lessa Horta, Nigel Rollins, Mariane S. Dias, Valquiria Garcez, Rafael Pérez‐Escamilla
    Acta Paediatrica.2023; 112(1): 34.     CrossRef
Perceived Psychological Traumatic Childbirth in Iranian Mothers: Diagnostic Value of Coping Strategies
Sedigheh Abdollahpour, Seyed Abbas Mousavi, Habibollah Esmaily, Ahmad Khosrav
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2019;10(2):72-77.   Published online April 30, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.2.05
  • 11,715 View
  • 65 Download
  • 4 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of a stress coping scale for predicting perceived psychological traumatic childbirth in mothers.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was performed on 400 new mothers (within 48 hours of childbirth). Psychological traumatic childbirth was evaluated using the 4 diagnostic criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Coping was measured using Moss and Billings’ Stress Coping Strategies Scale.

Results

The overall mean score of stress coping was 29 ± 14.2. There were 193 (43.8%) mothers that had experienced a psychological traumatic childbirth. A stress coping score ≤ 30, with a sensitivity of 90.16 (95% CI = 85.1–94.0), and a specificity of 87.44 (95% CI = 82.1–91.6), was determined as a predictor of psychological traumatic childbirth. So that among mothers with stress coping scores ≤ 30, 87% had experienced a psychological traumatic childbirth.

Conclusion

Investigating the degree of coping with stress can be used as an accurate diagnostic tool for psychological traumatic childbirth. It is recommended that during pregnancy, problem-solving and stress management training programs be used as psychological interventions for mothers with low levels of stress control. This will ensure that they can better cope with traumatic childbirth and post-traumatic stress in the postpartum stage.

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  • Validity and reliability of the Chinese version of traumatic childbirth perception scale in Chinese women
    Caifeng Chen, Xiaoying Wang, Han Xu, Xuejie Liu, Yuhong Li
    Current Psychology.2024; 43(8): 7205.     CrossRef
  • Relationship between Experience of Antepartum Intervention and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Following Childbirth: A Prospective Study
    Sedigheh Abdollahpour, Mona Larki, Najme Rajabi, Elham Azmoude
    Current Women s Health Reviews.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Effect of Labor Dance on Traumatic Childbirth Perception and Comfort: A Randomized Controlled Study
    Bihter Akin, Hülya Yurteri Türkmen, Hacer Yalnız Dilcen, Ebru Sert
    Clinical Nursing Research.2022; 31(5): 909.     CrossRef
  • The relationship of psychosocial well‐being and social support with pregnant women's perceptions of traumatic childbirth
    Hacer Yalnız Dilcen, Filiz Aslantekin, Naciye Aktaş
    Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences.2021; 35(2): 650.     CrossRef
Nutritional Status of Indonesian Children in Low-Income Households with Fathers that Smoke
Maria Wijaya-Erhardt
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2019;10(2):64-71.   Published online April 30, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.2.04
  • 24,267 View
  • 232 Download
  • 6 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives

This study compared the nutritional status of children in low-income households in Indonesia whose fathers were either cigarette smokers or non-smokers.

Methods

A cross sectional study of 482 children aged 2–6 years was conducted, stratified by whether the fathers were non-smoking (n = 138) or smoking (n = 340). Mothers and smoking fathers were interviewed about socioeconomic status and cigarette expenditure, respectively. The nutritional status of children was defined by weight-for-age, height-for-age and weight-for-height.

Results

Both groups had similar income. Households with a father that smoked, spent 16.6% of their income on cigarettes. Children whose fathers did not smoke had higher height-for-age (−1.99 vs. −2.25 Z-score, p = 0.02) than children whose fathers smoked. Weight-for-age in children with fathers that did not smoke was greater (−1.49 vs. −1.64 Z-score) but not statistically significantly different to those children with fathers that smoked, nor was child weight-for-height (−0.46 vs. −0.45 Z-score). The prevalence of stunted growth was higher in the children with a father that smoked compared with those that had a father did not smoke (62.2 vs. 49.6%, p = 0.07, respectively). There were 28.3% of children underweight in homes where the fathers did not smoke, and 35.6% in households where the father smoked (p = 0.11). Wasting was observed in 4.4% children where fathers did not smoke and 4.7% where fathers did smoke.

Conclusion

With similar income constraints, the degree of height growth faltering was less in children whose fathers did not smoke, compared to those whose fathers did smoke.

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    Arya Swarnata, Fariza Zahra Kamilah, I Dewa Gede Karma Wisana, Yurdhina Meilissa, Gita Kusnadi
    Tobacco Control.2024; 33(Suppl 2): s81.     CrossRef
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    Adrianna Bella, Teguh Dartanto, Dimitri Swasthika Nurshadrina, Gita Kusnadi, Faizal Rahmanto Moeis, Renny Nurhasana, Aryana Satrya, Hasbullah Thabrany
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    Nadiyah, Idrus Jus'at, Devi Angeliana Kusumaningtiar, Anugrah Novianti
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    Dyah Dwi Astuti, Tri Widyastuti Handayani, Duwi Pudji Astuti
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Prevalence of Fecal Carriage of CTX-M-15 Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Healthy Children from a Rural Andean Village in Venezuela
María Araque, Indira Labrador
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2018;9(1):9-15.   Published online December 31, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2018.9.1.03
  • 7,199 View
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  • 12 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives

Antimicrobial resistant extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) have been shown to be present in healthy communities. This study examined healthy children from the rural Andean village of Llano del Hato, Mérida, Venezuela, who have had little or no antibiotic exposure to determine the prevalence of fecal carriage of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC).

Methods

A total of 78 fecal samples were collected in healthy children aged from 1 to 5 years. ESBL-EC were selected in MacConkey agar plates with cefotaxime and further confirmed by the VITEK 2 system. ESBL were phenotypically detected and presence of bla genes and their variants were confirmed by molecular assays. Determination of phylogenetic groups was performed by PCR amplification. Risk factors associated with fecal carriage of ESBL-EC-positive isolates were analyzed using standard statistical methods.

Results

Of the 78 children studied, 27 (34.6%) carried ESBL-EC. All strains harbored the blaCTX-M-15 allele. Of these, 8 were co-producers of blaTEM-1, blaTEM-5, blaSHV-5 or blaSHV-12. Co-resistance to aminoglycosides and/or fluoroquinolones was observed in 9 strains. 51.9% of ESBL-EC isolates were classified within phylogroup A. A significant, positive correlation was found between age (≥2.5 – ≤5 years), food consumption patterns and ESBL-EC fecal carriage.

Conclusion

This is the first study describing the high prevalence of fecal carriage of ESBL-EC expressing CTX-M-15- among very young, healthy children from a rural Andean village in Venezuela with scarce antibiotic exposure, underlining the importance of this population as a reservoir.

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    Nasrin Habibzadeh, Hadi Peeri Doghaheh, Meysam Manouchehri Far, Hossein Alimohammadi Asl, Sohrab Iranpour, Mohsen Arzanlou
    Microbial Drug Resistance.2022; 28(9): 921.     CrossRef
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    Carlos Bastidas-Caldes, Daniel Romero-Alvarez, Victor Valdez-Vélez, Roberto D Morales, Andrés Montalvo-Hernández, Cicero Gomes-Dias, Manuel Calvopiña
    Infection and Drug Resistance.2022; Volume 15: 5759.     CrossRef
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    Yihienew M Bezabih, Wilber Sabiiti, Endalkachew Alamneh, Alamneh Bezabih, Gregory M Peterson, Woldesellassie M Bezabhe, Anna Roujeinikova
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Childhood Obesity Is a High-risk Factor for Hypertriglyceridemia: A Case-control Study in Vietnam
Nguyen Thi Hong Hanh, Le Thi Tuyet, Duong Thi Anh Dao, Yang Tao, Dinh-Toi Chu
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2017;8(2):138-146.   Published online April 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.2.06
  • 5,351 View
  • 41 Download
  • 14 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives

To investigate the relationship between dyslipidemia and obesity status among Viet-namese adolescents.

Methods

In this case-control study, 282 adolescents (6–11 years), including 88 obese cases and 194 normal-weight controls, were recruited from a population-based cross-sectional study from two provinces in Vietnam. The anthropometric, blood lipid, and other laboratory test results of the study subjects were analyzed.

Results

Obese children tended to have more visceral fat (Pearson’s r = 0.795, p < 0.0001) than subcutaneous fat (Pearson’s r = 0.754, p < 0.0001), and this difference was associated with an increase in blood triglyceride level (Pearson’s r = 0.232, p < 0.05) and a strikingly high rate of hypertriglyceridemia (38.6%). We also found that birth weight and parental body mass index were related to the status of obesity among the study subjects. However, only birth weight was significantly higher in the obese group than in the normal weight group. These findings indicate the effect of prenatal nutrition on childhood obesity. Furthermore, high-birth weight children had a surprisingly high rate of obesity.

Conclusion

Together, our data suggest that obesity increased the risk for hypertriglyceridemia, which was, at least partially, due to prenatal nutrition.

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