<b>Objectives</b><br/>The objectives of this review and meta-analysis were twofold: first, to critically evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based interventions relative to standard care or control conditions in promoting smoking abstinence at the end of treatment, and second, to determine abstinence rates at 3 and 6 months of follow-up.
<br/><b>Methods</b><br/>A comprehensive search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov, was conducted for randomized controlled trials published from 2001 to September 2024. Studies evaluating the effect of CBT on abstinence rates among healthy smokers (aged ≥12 years) were included and analyzed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.
<br/><b>Results</b><br/>Out of 1,514 study records screened, 7 studies (comprising 17 arms and 1,438 participants) met eligibility criteria for inclusion in the final analysis. The pooled analysis revealed that CBT significantly improved smoking abstinence rates, demonstrating a fourfold increase in effectiveness compared to controls (odds ratio [OR], 4.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.73–5.99; I2=19%; p<0.00001). Additionally, CBT significantly impacted smoking cessation at 3-month follow-up (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.11–2.38; I2=0%; p=0.01) and 6-month follow-up (OR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.59–3.00; I2=0%; p<0.00001).
<br/><b>Conclusion</b><br/>CBT has demonstrated efficacy in facilitating smoking abstinence, particularly immediately after treatment, with sustained but diminished effects over time. However, robust conclusions on the efficacy of CBT require further studies involving larger sample sizes, diverse geographical regions, and longer follow-up periods.
<b>Objectives</b><br/>This study investigated factors influencing intentional self-harm in Chungcheongbuk Province (hereinafter, Chungbuk) compared to Seoul in the Republic of Korea.
<br/><b>Methods</b><br/>Raw data from the Discharge In-depth Injury Survey conducted by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency were utilized. From 2,329,149 cases recorded over 9 years (2013–2021), 911 were identified as intentional self-harm cases (248 from Chungbuk and 633 from Seoul). We analyzed the differences in and influencing factors of intentional self-harm in Chungbuk relative to Seoul using the independent sample t-test, chi-square test, and binomial logistic regression analysis.
<br/><b>Results</b><br/>Intentional self-harm was found to be 1.232 times more prevalent among females than males (p<0.05); 2.327 times more prevalent among middle-aged and older adults, ages 50 to 64, compared to those under 50 years old (p<0.01); 8.603 times more prevalent among those using hospitals with fewer than 500 beds compared to those with 500 beds or more (p<0.001); 2.412 times more prevalent among individuals using hospitals in different regions compared to those within the same region (p<0.01); 2.217 times more prevalent among those attempting intentional self-harm during daily activities compared to other specified activities (p<0.01); and 6.987 times more prevalent among those using pesticides or herbicides compared to other poisons (p<0.001) in Chungbuk relative to Seoul.
<br/><b>Conclusion</b><br/>In the Chungbuk region, intentional self-harm prevention programs should be implemented, specifically targeting women, particularly those aged 50 to 64. Additionally, due to the high incidence of intentional self-harm involving pesticides or herbicides in Chungbuk, these substances should be stringently monitored to restrict access.
<b>Objectives</b><br/>This study aimed to explore the effects of a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) program on stroke patients, as well as their experiences participating in the program. Methods: This study employed a mixed-methods design, integrating qualitative case studies with quantitative analysis. We included 20 stroke patients, randomly divided into 2 groups of 10 each: an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group underwent a CBT program comprising 20 sessions, in addition to receiving general occupational therapy. Conversely, the control group participated in meditation relaxation sessions alongside their general occupational therapy. Both interventions were administered daily for 60 minutes, 5 days a week, over a 4-week period. Results: After the intervention, the experimental group exhibited significant improvements in depression, anxiety, self-efficacy, and rehabilitation motivation (p<0.01, p<0.05). In contrast, the control group only demonstrated a significant reduction in anxiety (p<0.05). A comparison of the changes between the 2 groups showed significant differences in depression and anxiety (p<0.01), but no significant differences in self-efficacy and rehabilitation motivation (p>0.05). In-depth interviews with 10 participants from the experimental group were conducted and analyzed, revealing 4 core themes: “psychological stability,” “physical symptom relief,” “altered daily routines,” and “challenges and hopes for change.” Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that CBT programs may serve as a valuable intervention, offering psychological support and rehabilitation for stroke patients.
<b>Objectives</b><br/>This study investigated changes in the health behaviors of the elderly due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), concerns due to COVID-19, depression, and healthrelated quality of life (HRQOL), and aimed to identify factors that affect depression and HRQOL in the elderly. Methods: This study was conducted using data from the 2021 Community Health Survey of the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. From a total sample size of 229,242 individuals, 74,376 elderly people aged 65 or older were selected as subjects, and changes in health behaviors, concerns due to COVID-19, depression, and HRQOL were measured and analyzed. Results: The level of depression associated with sleep and fatigue was high. The lowest HRQOL was related to physical pain and discomfort, while the most common concerns were related to economic difficulties. Factors influencing depression included worries about infection and economic harm, while factors impacting HRQOL encompassed concerns about infection, economic harm, and criticism from others. Conclusion: If an infectious disease situation such as COVID-19 reoccurs in the future, it will be necessary to encourage participation in hybrid online and offline programs at senior welfare centers. This should also extend to community counseling institutions like mental health welfare centers. Additionally, establishing connections with stable senior job projects can help to mitigate the effects of social interaction restrictions, physical and psychological health issues, and economic difficulties experienced by the elderly.
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<b>Objectives</b><br/>This study investigated preventive behaviors toward coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and related factors in a Kurdish Iranian sample.
<br/><b>Methods</b><br/>This online survey was conducted among the population aged 18 and above in Kermanshah Province, in western Iran, in April 2020. Samples were invited and recruited through social media. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of 4 sections (questions on demographic variables, risk perception, risk communication, and COVID-19 preventive behaviors) and analyzed using Stata ver. 8.
<br/><b>Results</b><br/>The Pearson correlation test showed that risk communication was significantly correlated with COVID-19 preventive behaviors (r=0.320, p<0.01). In the final model, where the explanatory power increased with the entry of the risk communication variable, the variables explained a total of 14% of variance in COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Sex (β=−0.482), risk perception (β=0.047), and risk communication (β=0.662) were significant determinants.
<br/><b>Conclusion</b><br/>Risk communication and risk perception related to COVID-19, as well as being a woman, were determinants of COVID-19 preventive behaviors.
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<b>Objectives</b><br/>Identifying the factors associated with prediabetes is necessary for the early detection and management of high-risk individuals with prediabetes. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors associated with prediabetes according to sex in Korean adults. Methods: Using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2015 to 2019, a total of 13,595 adults (5,565 males and 8,030 females) aged ≥20 years were included in the data analysis. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with prediabetes according to sex in Korean adults. Results: In both males and females, age and a family history of type 2 diabetes were associated with prediabetes. In males, current and past smoking habits were associated with increased prediabetes. In addition, low-intensity physical activity and prolonged sedentary behavior were associated with a higher prevalence of prediabetes. Females with a lower education level (less than middle school graduation) showed a higher risk of prediabetes. Conclusion: Sex-specific prevention strategies for prediabetes should be developed. In addition, older individuals and those with a family history of type 2 diabetes should be screened for prediabetes.
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Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2021;12(6):346-360. Published online December 21, 2021
Adherence to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) preventive guidelines (ACPG) is an important strategy to control the COVID-19 pandemic effectively. The present study aimed to identify and summarize the social determinants of ACPG among the general population. A comprehensive review was performed from December 2019 to February 2021 through searching electronic databases. Two independent reviewers assessed and selected relevant studies. Next, the characteristics and main findings of the included studies were summarized. Finally, the World Health Organization’s conceptual framework of social determinants of health was used to synthesize the identified social determinants of ACPG. Forty-one of 453 retrieved articles met the inclusion criteria. The study results showed different patterns of ACPG among various communities. Furthermore, 84 social determinants were identified and categorized into structural and intermediary determinants. ACPG is a set of complex behaviors associated with different individual sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics; living and working conditions; COVID-19 knowledge, attitudes, and risk perceptions; exposure to sources and information level; leisure activities; social support; trust; social norms; psychosocial well-being; socio-economic position; and the socio-economic and political context. Interventions to promote ACPG among the general population should consider the identified social determinants of ACPG.
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<b>Objectives</b><br/>The purposes of this study were to (1) examine the multi-year prevalence of highly caffeinated beverage (HCB) consumption, (2) identify sex differences in the prevalence, and (3) investigate relationships between HCB consumption and behavioral characteristics in a nationally representative sample of Korean adolescents.
<br/><b>Methods</b><br/>Data from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (2014–2017) were analyzed.
<br/><b>Results</b><br/>HCB consumption was higher in 2017 than 2014 (23.9% vs. 12.0%), and higher among boys than girls (17.2% vs. 13.1%). HCB drinkers were more likely to (1) be boys, (2) be overweight or obese, (3) use alcohol and tobacco, (4) consume soda at least once per week, (5) consume sweetened beverages at least once per week, (6) have seriously considered suicide during the past 12 months, and (7) have attempted suicide during the past 12 months (p<0.05 for all).
<br/><b>Conclusion</b><br/>Effective programs to curb HCB consumption among Korean adolescents need to be established.
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<b>Objectives</b><br/>
This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of relapse prevention interventions involving behavioral and pharmacological treatment among abstinent smokers.
<br/><b>Methods</b><br/>
This rapid review was conducted using MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, Embase, KMbase, and KoreaMed to identify studies published until June 20, 2020. The participants were abstinent smokers who quit smoking on their own, due to pregnancy, hospitalization, or by participating in a smoking cessation program. We found a systematic review that fit the objective of this study and included 81 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Studies that did not present information on smoking cessation status, had no control group, or used reward-based interventions were excluded. Random effect and fixed effect meta-analyses were used to estimate the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). In subgroup analyses, differences between subgroups were verified based on the participant setting, characteristics, intervention type, and intensity.
<br/><b>Results</b><br/>
Following screening, 44 RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. The review reported no differences in the success rate of relapse prevention between the behavioral interventions. Pharmacotherapy interventions showed higher success rates (RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.05−1.26; <i>I</i><sup>2</sup>=40.71%), depending on prior abstinence duration and the drug type. Conclusions: The results indicated that pharmacotherapy has a significant effect on preventing relapse among abstinent smokers.
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<b>Objectives</b><br/>
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of behavioral smoking cessation interventions among adolescents.
<br/><b>Methods</b><br/>
MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Embase, CINAHL, KoreaMed, and KMbase were searched from inception to June 2020. Systematic reviews (SRs) or meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were initially searched to perform a rapid SR. After selecting the final SR, RCTs after the publication year of the selected SR were searched. The primary outcome was smoking status after at least 6 months of follow-up, and the secondary outcome was smoking status at 4 weeks. Two reviewers independently assessed the selected studies’ quality using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The meta-analysis utilized a Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effect model reporting the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The subgroup analysis utilized Cochrane’s Q.
<br/><b>Results</b><br/>
Thirty-two RCTs (11,637 participants) from a single SR were meta-analyzed. After 6 months of follow-up, the intervention group had significantly higher abstinence rates (RR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.20−1.41; I2=26.46%). At 4 weeks of follow-up, the intervention group also had significantly higher abstinence rates (RR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.49–2.47; I2=0.00%). The subgroup analysis indicated a significant difference in the abstinence rate according to the study setting and the period between intervention completion and follow-up.
<br/><b>Conclusion</b><br/>
This review showed that adolescent behavioral smoking cessation intervention programs significantly increased abstinence rates compared to the usual care.
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<sec>
<b>Objectives</b>
<p>This study aimed to determine the relationship between assertion and aggression with addiction potential among students in Shahroud University of Medical Sciences.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Methods</b>
<p>In this cross-sectional study conducted in 2019, 500 students of Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, were selected by multistage random sampling, for a study using the Addiction Potential Scale, and Assertion and Aggression Questionnaires. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Chi-square, <italic>t</italic> test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and the linear regression model.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Results</b>
<p>The mean scores of addiction potential, aggression, and assertion were 32.7 ± 17.2, 41.5 ± 12.9 and 139.4 ± 22.3, respectively. In this study, 38.8% (<italic>N</italic> = 194) of students had high aggression and 76.8% (<italic>N</italic> = 384) had high assertion. In the regression model, aggression, history of drug and addictive substances abuse, history of tobacco use, and history of alcohol abuse were significantly related to addiction potential (<italic>p</italic> ≤ 0.05). There was a negative relationship between assertion and addiction potential so that with one-unit increase in the assertion score, the addiction potential score decreased by −0.11.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Conclusion</b>
<p>Given the direct relationship between aggression and addiction potential, and since more than three-quarters of the students had moderate to high aggression, it is necessary to pay more attention to this issue. Interventions may play an important role in improving the current situation.</p></sec>
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<sec>
<b>Objectives</b>
<p>This study was performed to examine the effects of the Korean medicine healthcare program on stroke-related factors and self-care enhancement.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Methods</b>
<p>This study was a quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design study (<italic>N</italic> = 58 participants), with 28 in the treatment group (Korean medicine health care program) and 30 in the control group (no intervention). The program was conducted twice a week for 2 hours, for a total of 12 weeks.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Results</b>
<p>There were statistically significant differences in systolic (<italic>p</italic> = 0.005) and diastolic blood pressure (<italic>p</italic> = 0.006), cholesterol (<italic>p</italic> < 0.001), blood glucose (<italic>p</italic> < 0.001), self-esteem (<italic>p</italic> = 0.001), self-efficacy (<italic>p</italic> < 0.001), health perception (<italic>p</italic> < 0.001), and the health behavior (<italic>p</italic> < 0.001) between the experimental group and the control group.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Conclusion</b>
<p>Thus, the Korean medicine healthcare program was effective in managing stroke-related factors and enhancing self-care, and should be actively used to develop community health promotion strategies to prevent strokes and prepare long-term measures.</p></sec>
Citations
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Stroke knowledge and health-promoting behaviors: Mediating effect of patient self-esteem GyeongChae MUN, JaeLan SHIM Patient Education and Counseling.2024; 129: 108398. CrossRef
<sec>
<b>Objectives</b>
<p>This study aimed to analyze nationwide representative data from the 11<sup>th</sup> Korean Youth Health Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey to determine whether factors including socio-demographics, smoking and alcohol consumption, were factors related to high school students that had experienced sexual intercourse.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Methods</b>
<p>A total of 33,744 students (17,346 boys and 16,398 girls) in 1<sup>st</sup>, 2<sup>nd</sup>, and 3<sup>rd</sup> grade at high school were analyzed. SPSS complex samples methods were used for analyses. Socio-demographic and health risk behaviors (type of region of residence, family structure, and economic status, student academic achievement, gender, high school grade, pocket money, student smoking, alcohol consumption, and having engaged in sexual intercourse) were considered as independent variables.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Results</b>
<p>There were 3.6% of girls and 9.9% of boys in high school that were sexually active. This behavior and the average number of cigarettes smoked daily, and alcohol consumed weekly, represented a dose-response relationship, after considering confounding factors. Compared with students that did not smoke or consume alcohol, smoking 1–9 cigarettes per day and consuming 1–6 cups of alcohol and group “smoking more than 10 cigarettes per day and consuming more than 7 cups of alcohol, had a 5.94 and 22.25 higher risk of having had sexual intercourse, respectively.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Conclusion</b>
<p>Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption were associated with an increased likelihood of high school students engaging in sexual intercourse.</p></sec>
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The relationship between risky sexual behaviors and sexual health literacy and self-esteem in young women Sevil Cicek Ozdemir, Esra Cevik Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Sexual risk behaviour and its associated factors among university students in Malaysia Fadzilah Mohamad, Khairatul Nainey Kamaruddin, Nur Amirah Shibraumalisi, Sharifah Najwa Syed Mohamad, Syifa Mohd Azlan, Rahima Dahlan, Irmi Zarina Ismail, Hayati Kadir Shahar, Nurainul Hana Shamsuddin Discover Social Science and Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Factors associated with adolescents’ sexual experience based on the biopsychosocial model: a cross-sectional study using the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS) Ka Young Kim, Hye Young Shin BMJ Open.2022; 12(11): e066307. CrossRef
DETERMINANTS OF PREMARITAL SEXUAL BEHAVIOR AMONGST ADOLESCENTS IN INDONESIA Nadhirul Mundhiro, Ridhwan Fauzi, Mohammad Ainul Maruf, Nurfadhilah Nurfadhilah Jurnal Biometrika dan Kependudukan.2021; 10(1): 86. CrossRef
<sec>
<b>Objectives</b>
<p>Health education programs are one of the most important strategies for controlling cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in endemic areas such as Neshabur city. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a comprehensive health education program to improve preventive behaviors for CL.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Methods</b>
<p>This was an interventional study conducted on 136 high school students in Neishabur city. Data collection instruments included a demographic questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire based on the “Health Belief Model” and “Beliefs, Attitudes, Subjective Norms and Enabling Factors Model” constructs. The control and intervention groups completed the questionnaires before and 2 months after the intervention. The intervention was conducted in 6, 1-hour educational sessions for the intervention group students and 2, 1-hour sessions for school administrators, teachers, and students’ parents.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Results</b>
<p>There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the pre-intervention phase. However, in the post-intervention phase, there were significant differences between the 2 groups for mean scores of knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, cues to action, self-efficacy, attitude, subjective norms, behavioral intention, enabling factors, and behavior associated with CL.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Conclusion</b>
<p>Health education program based on the “Health Belief Model” and the “Beliefs, Attitudes, Subjective Norms and Enabling Factors Model” model constructs may be a comprehensive and effective educational program to improve preventive behaviors against CL in students.</p></sec>
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Antiparasitic activity of the iron-containing milk protein lactoferrin and its potential derivatives against human intestinal and blood parasites Namrata Anand Frontiers in Parasitology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Development and psychometric assessment of cutaneous leishmaniasis prevention behaviors questionnaire in adolescent female students: Application of integration of cultural model and extended parallel process model Masoumeh Alidosti, Hossein Shahnazi, Zahra Heidari, Fereshteh Zamani-Alavijeh, Mona Dür PLOS ONE.2022; 17(8): e0273400. CrossRef
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<sec>
<b>Objectives</b>
<p>The aim of this study was to gather information about Korean Army soldiers’ attitude towards tuberculosis to enable the development of an informed educational program and potential intervention plans.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Methods</b>
<p>There were 500 male soldiers serving in the Korean Army who responded to questionnaires regarding knowledge of, attitudes towards, and preventive behavior towards tuberculosis. The questionnaires were collected between September 10 until October 1, 2014. Participants’ characteristic that influenced differences in knowledge, attitudes, and preventive behavior towards tuberculosis were compared by <italic>t</italic> test. Variables that influenced preventive behavior were identified by multiple regression analysis.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Results</b>
<p>The mean scores assessing knowledge of, attitude, and preventive behavior towards tuberculosis were 11.64 (± 4.03) out of 20 points, 3.21 (± 0.38) out of 4 points, and 2.88 (± 0.42) out of 4 points, respectively. Non-smokers were more knowledgeable about tuberculosis than smokers. Participants who had family or friends with tuberculosis had better knowledge and a more productive attitude to tuberculosis. Participants who were educated or obtained information about tuberculosis, received better scores in all areas of knowledge, attitude and preventive behavior compared to other participants. Non-smoking, family or friends who have had tuberculosis, obtaining information about tuberculosis, and positive attitudes towards treatment and preventive education had an explanatory power of 24.6% with regard to preventive behavior against tuberculosis.</p></sec>
<sec>
<b>Conclusion</b>
<p>More relatable, systemized education should be provided regularly to improve soldiers’ knowledge of, attitudes towards, and prevention against tuberculosis in the Republic of Korea Army.</p></sec>
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The Infectivity of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Korean Army Units: Evidence from Outbreak Investigations Chang-gyo Yoon, Dong Yoon Kang, Jaehun Jung, Soo Yon Oh, Jin Beom Lee, Mi-Hyun Kim, Younsuk Seo, Hee-Jin Kim Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases.2019; 82(4): 298. CrossRef
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