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PHRP : Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives

OPEN ACCESS. pISSN: 2210-9099. eISSN: 2233-6052

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"Behavior"

Original Article

Drug use intentions among young adults in the Republic of Korea: a cross-sectional study applying the extended theory of planned behavior with emphasis on impulsive behavior and sensation seeking
Objectives
The increasing prevalence of drug use in the Republic of Korea has emerged as a significant social concern. This study applied the extended theory of planned behavior to investigate the factors influencing intentions to use drugs among young adults (aged 20–30 years) in the Republic of Korea. The study integrated personal traits—specifically, impulsivity, sensation seeking, and self-efficacy—into 2 core theory of planned behavior constructs: attitudes and subjective norms. The principal aim was to improve the prediction of drug use intentions by incorporating these variables. Methods: Data were obtained from the 2023 National Survey of Drug Harm Perception, which sampled 1,500 individuals aged 19 to 39 years. Hierarchical regression analysis was employed to assess the influence of psychological and social factors on intentions to use drugs. Results: In the primary model, age emerged as a significant predictor of drug use intentions (R2 =0.01). The secondary model showed that positive attitudes toward drugs, subjective norms, and lower self-efficacy significantly increased drug use intentions (R2 =0.23). In the final tertiary model, the addition of sensation seeking and impulsivity further amplified these intentions (R2 =0.25). Conclusion: The findings underscore the pivotal roles of attitudes, subjective norms, and selfefficacy in shaping intentions to use drugs. Sensation seeking and impulsivity were found to further elevate vulnerability. Effective prevention efforts must address both psychological traits and social influences. Future research should examine the long-term behavioral outcomes associated with these factors.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Artificial intelligence and biohealth: the Republic of Korea’s emerging priorities in health care R&D
    Jong-Koo Lee
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2025; 16(4): 309.     CrossRef
  • 1,746 View
  • 48 Download
  • Crossref

Review Article

Effect of cognitive behavior therapy on abstinence among healthy smokers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Rajesh Kumar, Priyanka Malhotra, Vishwas AS, Kalpana Beniwal, Gopal Singh Charan
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2025;16(3):223-235.
Published online June 9, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2025.0019
Effect of cognitive behavior therapy on abstinence among healthy smokers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Objectives
The objectives of this review and meta-analysis were twofold: first, to critically evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based interventions relative to standard care or control conditions in promoting smoking abstinence at the end of treatment, and second, to determine abstinence rates at 3 and 6 months of follow-up.
Methods
A comprehensive search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov, was conducted for randomized controlled trials published from 2001 to September 2024. Studies evaluating the effect of CBT on abstinence rates among healthy smokers (aged ≥12 years) were included and analyzed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.
Results
Out of 1,514 study records screened, 7 studies (comprising 17 arms and 1,438 participants) met eligibility criteria for inclusion in the final analysis. The pooled analysis revealed that CBT significantly improved smoking abstinence rates, demonstrating a fourfold increase in effectiveness compared to controls (odds ratio [OR], 4.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.73–5.99; I2=19%; p<0.00001). Additionally, CBT significantly impacted smoking cessation at 3-month follow-up (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.11–2.38; I2=0%; p=0.01) and 6-month follow-up (OR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.59–3.00; I2=0%; p<0.00001).
Conclusion
CBT has demonstrated efficacy in facilitating smoking abstinence, particularly immediately after treatment, with sustained but diminished effects over time. However, robust conclusions on the efficacy of CBT require further studies involving larger sample sizes, diverse geographical regions, and longer follow-up periods.

Citations

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  • The Development and Implementation of a Multimodal Preoperative-specific Smoking Cessation Project
    Mary Ann Z. de Vera, Rashmi J. Patel, Andrea H. Kline-Simon, Felicia W. Chi, Kelly C. Young-Wolff
    Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 2,760 View
  • 116 Download
  • Crossref

Original Articles

Factors influencing intentional self-harm in Chungcheongbuk Province relative to the Seoul region in the Republic of Korea: a retrospective study
Objectives
This study investigated factors influencing intentional self-harm in Chungcheongbuk Province (hereinafter, Chungbuk) compared to Seoul in the Republic of Korea.
Methods
Raw data from the Discharge In-depth Injury Survey conducted by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency were utilized. From 2,329,149 cases recorded over 9 years (2013–2021), 911 were identified as intentional self-harm cases (248 from Chungbuk and 633 from Seoul). We analyzed the differences in and influencing factors of intentional self-harm in Chungbuk relative to Seoul using the independent sample t-test, chi-square test, and binomial logistic regression analysis.
Results
Intentional self-harm was found to be 1.232 times more prevalent among females than males (p<0.05); 2.327 times more prevalent among middle-aged and older adults, ages 50 to 64, compared to those under 50 years old (p<0.01); 8.603 times more prevalent among those using hospitals with fewer than 500 beds compared to those with 500 beds or more (p<0.001); 2.412 times more prevalent among individuals using hospitals in different regions compared to those within the same region (p<0.01); 2.217 times more prevalent among those attempting intentional self-harm during daily activities compared to other specified activities (p<0.01); and 6.987 times more prevalent among those using pesticides or herbicides compared to other poisons (p<0.001) in Chungbuk relative to Seoul.
Conclusion
In the Chungbuk region, intentional self-harm prevention programs should be implemented, specifically targeting women, particularly those aged 50 to 64. Additionally, due to the high incidence of intentional self-harm involving pesticides or herbicides in Chungbuk, these substances should be stringently monitored to restrict access.
  • 1,887 View
  • 68 Download
Effectiveness of a cognitive behavioral therapy program in stroke patients in the Republic of Korea: a mixed-methods study
So-Eun Choi, Deok-Ju Kim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2024;15(5):461-475.
Published online September 30, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2024.0116
Effectiveness of a cognitive behavioral therapy program in stroke patients in the Republic of Korea: a mixed-methods study
Objectives
This study aimed to explore the effects of a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) program on stroke patients, as well as their experiences participating in the program. Methods: This study employed a mixed-methods design, integrating qualitative case studies with quantitative analysis. We included 20 stroke patients, randomly divided into 2 groups of 10 each: an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group underwent a CBT program comprising 20 sessions, in addition to receiving general occupational therapy. Conversely, the control group participated in meditation relaxation sessions alongside their general occupational therapy. Both interventions were administered daily for 60 minutes, 5 days a week, over a 4-week period. Results: After the intervention, the experimental group exhibited significant improvements in depression, anxiety, self-efficacy, and rehabilitation motivation (p<0.01, p<0.05). In contrast, the control group only demonstrated a significant reduction in anxiety (p<0.05). A comparison of the changes between the 2 groups showed significant differences in depression and anxiety (p<0.01), but no significant differences in self-efficacy and rehabilitation motivation (p>0.05). In-depth interviews with 10 participants from the experimental group were conducted and analyzed, revealing 4 core themes: “psychological stability,” “physical symptom relief,” “altered daily routines,” and “challenges and hopes for change.” Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that CBT programs may serve as a valuable intervention, offering psychological support and rehabilitation for stroke patients.
  • 4,374 View
  • 168 Download
Factors affecting depression and health-related quality of life in the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic
Deok-Ju Kim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2023;14(6):520-529.
Published online November 16, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2023.0166
Factors affecting depression and health-related quality of life in the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic
Objectives
This study investigated changes in the health behaviors of the elderly due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), concerns due to COVID-19, depression, and healthrelated quality of life (HRQOL), and aimed to identify factors that affect depression and HRQOL in the elderly. Methods: This study was conducted using data from the 2021 Community Health Survey of the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. From a total sample size of 229,242 individuals, 74,376 elderly people aged 65 or older were selected as subjects, and changes in health behaviors, concerns due to COVID-19, depression, and HRQOL were measured and analyzed. Results: The level of depression associated with sleep and fatigue was high. The lowest HRQOL was related to physical pain and discomfort, while the most common concerns were related to economic difficulties. Factors influencing depression included worries about infection and economic harm, while factors impacting HRQOL encompassed concerns about infection, economic harm, and criticism from others. Conclusion: If an infectious disease situation such as COVID-19 reoccurs in the future, it will be necessary to encourage participation in hybrid online and offline programs at senior welfare centers. This should also extend to community counseling institutions like mental health welfare centers. Additionally, establishing connections with stable senior job projects can help to mitigate the effects of social interaction restrictions, physical and psychological health issues, and economic difficulties experienced by the elderly.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • A comparison of health-related quality of life using the World Health Organization Quality of Life–BREF and 5-Level EuroQol-5 Dimensions in the Malaysian population
    Andrian Liem, Hui Jun Chih, Vithya Velaithan, Richard Norman, Daniel Reidpath, Tin Tin Su
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2025; 16(2): 126.     CrossRef
  • The impact of urban agglomeration planning on depression in older adults
    Ya Liu, Li Yan, Yujue Wang, Xiaotang Tang, Ming Gao, Jiayu Yang, Zuoyan Liu, Xiuying Hu
    Frontiers in Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 3,835 View
  • 109 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • Crossref
The role of risk perception, risk communication, and demographic factors in COVID-19 preventive behaviors: an online survey in Iran
Mansour Rezaei, Nader Rajabi Gilan, Ali Almasi, Mehdi Khezeli, Fatemeh Jamshidi Nazar, Zahra Jorjoran Shushtari, Yahya Salimi, Farid Najafi, Neda Sarabi, Shahram Saeidi, Saeid Saeidi
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2022;13(4):282-289.
Published online August 31, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0345
Objectives
This study investigated preventive behaviors toward coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and related factors in a Kurdish Iranian sample.
Methods
This online survey was conducted among the population aged 18 and above in Kermanshah Province, in western Iran, in April 2020. Samples were invited and recruited through social media. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of 4 sections (questions on demographic variables, risk perception, risk communication, and COVID-19 preventive behaviors) and analyzed using Stata ver. 8.
Results
The Pearson correlation test showed that risk communication was significantly correlated with COVID-19 preventive behaviors (r=0.320, p<0.01). In the final model, where the explanatory power increased with the entry of the risk communication variable, the variables explained a total of 14% of variance in COVID-19 preventive behaviors. Sex (β=−0.482), risk perception (β=0.047), and risk communication (β=0.662) were significant determinants.
Conclusion
Risk communication and risk perception related to COVID-19, as well as being a woman, were determinants of COVID-19 preventive behaviors.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Predisposing factors of using cosmetics in Iranian female students: application of prototype willingness model
    Shandiz Moslehi, Asghar Tavan, Sajjad Narimani, Fatemeh Ahmadi, Masoomeh Kazemzadeh, Nadia Sedri
    Frontiers in Psychology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Utilizing social media for community risk communication in megacities: analysing the impact of WeChat group information interaction and perception on communication satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic in Shanghai
    Yasai Chen, Yiru Chen, Shan Yu, Shuni Yu
    BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The strongest predictors of compliance with health protocols among marketers and guilds based on the transtheoretical model
    Shandiz Moslehi, Asghar Tavan, Sajjad Narimani, Fardin shahbazzadeh, Nadia Sedri, Sama Sabahi
    BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Adaptive measures to deal with the next pandemic caused by climate change in at-risk groups
    Laleh Hassani, Reihaneh Taheri Kondar, Sajjad Narimani, Amin Ghanbarnejad
    BMC Psychiatry.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Understanding Australian Government Risk Communication Early in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Sociodemographics, Risk Attitudes and Media Consumption
    Yiyun Shou, Louise M. Farrer, Amelia Gulliver, Eryn Newman, Philip J. Batterham, Michael Smithson
    Journal of Health Communication.2023; 28(4): 254.     CrossRef
  • Risk perception and avoidance of preventive behavior on the COVID‐19 among cancer patients
    Mehdi Khezeli, Asghar Tavan, Sajjad Narimani, Vahideh Hoseini, Elham Zare Hosseinzadeh, Parisa Motamedi
    Health Science Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Role of Risk Communication in Shaping Health-Protective Behavior Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic in Thailand
    Suphunnika Termmee, Bing Wang
    Social Sciences.2023; 12(10): 551.     CrossRef
  • 7,070 View
  • 84 Download
  • 7 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Sex differences in factors associated with prediabetes in Korean adults
Jin Suk Ra
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2022;13(2):142-152.
Published online April 22, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2022.0053
Objectives
Identifying the factors associated with prediabetes is necessary for the early detection and management of high-risk individuals with prediabetes. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors associated with prediabetes according to sex in Korean adults. Methods: Using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2015 to 2019, a total of 13,595 adults (5,565 males and 8,030 females) aged ≥20 years were included in the data analysis. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with prediabetes according to sex in Korean adults. Results: In both males and females, age and a family history of type 2 diabetes were associated with prediabetes. In males, current and past smoking habits were associated with increased prediabetes. In addition, low-intensity physical activity and prolonged sedentary behavior were associated with a higher prevalence of prediabetes. Females with a lower education level (less than middle school graduation) showed a higher risk of prediabetes. Conclusion: Sex-specific prevention strategies for prediabetes should be developed. In addition, older individuals and those with a family history of type 2 diabetes should be screened for prediabetes.

Citations

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  • The effect of a nutrition program based on the Health Behavior Interaction Model on primary school students’ nutritional attitudes and behaviors
    Ayşe Burcu Başçı, Oya Nuran Emiroğlu, Bilge Kalanlar
    Journal of Public Health.2025; 33(6): 1237.     CrossRef
  • The effects of interaction between smoking and abdominal obesity on pre-diabetes mellitus
    Huali Xiong, Peng Zhao, Fengxun Ma, Dayi Tang, Daiqiang Liu
    Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Associations between leisure-time physical activity and the prevalence and incidence of osteoporosis disease: Cross-sectional and prospective findings from the UK biobank
    Yuanyuan Cao, Yulian Hu, Fang Lei, Xingyuan Zhang, Weifang Liu, Xuewei Huang, Tao Sun, Lijin Lin, Maolin Yi, Yuping Li, Jinpeng Zhang, Yaping Li, Guoping Wang, Zhonghua Cheng
    Bone.2024; 187: 117208.     CrossRef
  • Current evidence on gender-related risk factors for type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and prediabetes: a reappraisal of the Italian study group on gender difference in endocrine diseases
    Giovanna Muscogiuri, Mariangela Caporusso, Paola Caruso, Chiara Delli Poggi, Martina Vitale, Annalisa Zurru, Annamaria Colao
    Journal of Endocrinological Investigation.2024; 48(3): 573.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of Impaired Fasting Glucose and Diabetes in Adults Aged 20-59 Years: Based on the 2012 and 2022 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys
    Suhee Kim, Ju-Yeon Uhm
    Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2024; 38(3): 344.     CrossRef
  • Factors associated with the combination of general and abdominal obesity in middle-aged and older Korean women: a cross-sectional study
    Jin Suk Ra
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2023; 14(5): 379.     CrossRef
  • 8,781 View
  • 89 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • Crossref

Review Article

Social determinants of adherence to COVID-19 preventive guidelines: a comprehensive review
Zahra Jorjoran Shushtari, Yahya Salimi, Sina Ahmadi, Nader Rajabi-Gilan, Marzieh Shirazikhah, Akbar Biglarian, Ali Almasi, Mohammad Ali Mohammadi Gharehghani
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2021;12(6):346-360.
Published online December 21, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0180
Social determinants of adherence to COVID-19 preventive guidelines: a comprehensive review
Adherence to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) preventive guidelines (ACPG) is an important strategy to control the COVID-19 pandemic effectively. The present study aimed to identify and summarize the social determinants of ACPG among the general population. A comprehensive review was performed from December 2019 to February 2021 through searching electronic databases. Two independent reviewers assessed and selected relevant studies. Next, the characteristics and main findings of the included studies were summarized. Finally, the World Health Organization’s conceptual framework of social determinants of health was used to synthesize the identified social determinants of ACPG. Forty-one of 453 retrieved articles met the inclusion criteria. The study results showed different patterns of ACPG among various communities. Furthermore, 84 social determinants were identified and categorized into structural and intermediary determinants. ACPG is a set of complex behaviors associated with different individual sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics; living and working conditions; COVID-19 knowledge, attitudes, and risk perceptions; exposure to sources and information level; leisure activities; social support; trust; social norms; psychosocial well-being; socio-economic position; and the socio-economic and political context. Interventions to promote ACPG among the general population should consider the identified social determinants of ACPG.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Associations of health beliefs and worry with COVID-19 protective behaviors among lung cancer patients
    Marcia F Burns, Ellen Krueger, Nasser Hanna, Gregory A Durm, DuyKhanh P Ceppa, Shadia I Jalal, Thomas J Birdas, Kenneth A Kesler, Lawrence H Einhorn, Catherine E Mosher
    Journal of Health Psychology.2025; 30(11): 2927.     CrossRef
  • Flattening the curve: Factors associated with engagement in health protective behaviors at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic among Black individuals from predominantly low-income backgrounds
    Jennifer McDonald, Matthew Figueroa, Juliet Cushing, Austen McGuire, Yo Jackson
    Journal of Health Psychology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • ISO 50001 based energy management system: a bibliometric perspective
    Marlina Pandin, Sik Sumaedi, Aris Yaman, Meilinda Ayundyahrini, Nina Konitat Supriatna, Nurry Widya Hesty
    International Journal of Energy Sector Management.2024; 18(6): 1938.     CrossRef
  • Impact of long COVID-19 on posttraumatic stress disorder as modified by health literacy: an observational study in Vietnam
    Han Thi Vo, Tien Duc Dao, Tuyen Van Duong, Tan Thanh Nguyen, Binh Nhu Do, Tinh Xuan Do, Khue Minh Pham, Vinh Hai Vu, Linh Van Pham, Lien Thi Hong Nguyen, Lan Thi Huong Le, Hoang Cong Nguyen, Nga Hoang Dang, Trung Huu Nguyen, Anh The Nguyen, Hoan Van Nguye
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2024; 15(1): 33.     CrossRef
  • Influence of Cognitive Factors on Adherence to Social Distancing and the Use of Masks during the COVID-19 Pandemic by Young Adults: A Systematic Review
    Marina Almeida-Silva, Graça Andrade, Tamara Luis, Margarida Santos, Ana Grilo
    Social Sciences.2024; 13(5): 275.     CrossRef
  • Effects of User Experience in Automated Information Processing on Perceived Usefulness of Digital Contact-Tracing Apps: Cross-Sectional Survey Study
    Tim Schrills, Lilian Kojan, Marthe Gruner, André Calero Valdez, Thomas Franke
    JMIR Human Factors.2024; 11: e53940.     CrossRef
  • Health communication and social media: Asian perspective
    Subhan Afifi, Aris Yaman, I Gede Mahatma Yuda Bakti, Sik Sumaedi
    Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Challenges faced by migrant populations in complying with public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia: A qualitative study
    Tharani Loganathan, Amirah Zafirah Zaini, Watinee Kunpeuk, Rapeepong Suphanchaimat, Huso Yi, Aysha Farwin, Hazreen Abdul Majid
    BMJ Public Health.2024; 2(2): e000923.     CrossRef
  • The relationship between awareness, attitude and compliance with eight preventive behavior protocols of Covid-19 among students
    Roya Yavari, Farid Zayeri, Nastaran Keshavarz Mohammadi, Alireza Zali
    Payesh (Health Monitor) Journal.2024; 23(4): 615.     CrossRef
  • Sociodemographic differences in the response to changes in COVID-19 testing guidelines
    Shambhavi Sharma, Huiqi Li, Jesper Löve, Chioma Nwaru, Magnus Gisslén, Sara Byfors, Niklas Hammar, Anton Nilsson, Jonas Björk, Fredrik Nyberg, Carl Bonander
    European Journal of Public Health.2024; 34(6): 1066.     CrossRef
  • Change in prevalence of smoking during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic among middle-aged and older adults in Canada: a cohort study of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
    Jayati Khattar, Urun Erbas Oz, Vanessa De Rubeis, Margaret de Groh, Ying Jiang, Lauren Griffith, Laura N Anderson
    BMJ Public Health.2024; 2(2): e001175.     CrossRef
  • Cognitive predictors of COVID-19 mitigation behaviors in vaccinated and unvaccinated general population members
    Anna Hudson, Peter A. Hall, Sara C. Hitchman, Gang Meng, Geoffrey T. Fong
    Vaccine.2023; 41(27): 4019.     CrossRef
  • Utilisation of rehabilitation due to mental disorders during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a difference-in-differences analysis
    Matthias Bethge, David Fauser, Pia Zollmann, Marco Streibelt
    BMC Psychiatry.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Perceptions about COVID-19 preventive measures among Ghanaian women
    Frank Kyei-Arthur, Martin Wiredu Agyekum, Grace Frempong Afrifa-Anane, Reuben Tete Larbi, Peter Kisaakye, Dario Ummarino
    PLOS ONE.2023; 18(4): e0284362.     CrossRef
  • Cognitive and Emotional Motivation to Explain Infection-Prevention Behaviors with Social Support as a Mediator During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study in Korea
    Myonghwa Park, Keunyeob Oh, Hyungjun Kim, Xing Fan, Thi-Thanh-Thnh Giap, Rhayun Song
    Patient Preference and Adherence.2023; Volume 17: 1063.     CrossRef
  • Factors Influencing COVID-19 Prevention Behavior: A Community-based Cross-sectional Study
    Ernawaty Ernawaty, Nabilla Belqys Dherindri
    Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences.2023; 11(E): 191.     CrossRef
  • The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Outcomes in Acute Pancreatitis: A Propensity Score Matched Study Comparing before and during the Pandemic
    Patricia Mihaela Rădulescu, Elena Irina Căluianu, Emil Tiberius Traşcă, Dorin Mercuţ, Ion Georgescu, Eugen Florin Georgescu, Eleonora Daniela Ciupeanu-Călugăru, Maria Filoftea Mercuţ, Răzvan Mercuţ, Vlad Padureanu, Costin Teodor Streba, Cristina Călăraşu,
    Diagnostics.2023; 13(14): 2446.     CrossRef
  • COVID-19 in social networks: unravelling its impact on youth risk perception, motivations and protective behaviours during the initial stages of the pandemic
    Marta Anson, Ksenia Eritsyan
    International Journal of Adolescence and Youth.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Bi-directional associations between mask usage and beliefs about reasons for masking before and after the downgrading of the legal status of COVID-19 in Japan: A longitudinal study
    Michio Murakami
    International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction.2023; 97: 104072.     CrossRef
  • Geoepidemiological perspective on COVID-19 pandemic review, an insight into the global impact
    Alexandre Vallée
    Frontiers in Public Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Using CTS and MRI in Iran: Evidence from an Interrupted Time Series Analysis
    Monireh Mahmood Pour-Azari, Nasim Badiee, Ali Kazemi Karyani, Shahin Soltani, Satar Rezaei
    Journal of Health Reports and Technology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association between social isolation and loneliness with COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Japan: a nationwide cross-sectional internet survey
    Tomohiko Ukai, Takahiro Tabuchi
    BMJ Open.2023; 13(11): e073008.     CrossRef
  • Exploration of factors associated with mask-wearing and hand disinfection in Japan after the coronavirus disease outbreak: A longitudinal study
    Michio Murakami, Mei Yamagata, Asako Miura
    International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction.2023; 98: 104107.     CrossRef
  • Social Determinants of Adherence to COVID-19 Preventive Guidelines in Iran: A Qualitative Study
    Sina Ahmadi, Zahra Jorjoran Shushtari, Marzieh Shirazikhah, Akbar Biglarian, Seyed Fahim Irandoost, Toktam Paykani, Ali Almasi, Nader Rajabi-Gilan, Nafiul Mehedi, Yahya Salimi
    INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, .2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Determinants of observing health protocols related to preventing COVID-19 in adult women: A qualitative study in Iran
    Javad Yoosefi Lebni, Saeede Pavee, Mandana Saki, Arash Ziapour, Ahmad Ahmadi, Mehdi Khezeli
    Frontiers in Public Health.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Adherence to Coronavirus Disease 2019 Preventive Measures in a Representative Sample of the Population of the Canton of Vaud, Switzerland
    Audrey Butty, Nolwenn Bühler, Jérôme Pasquier, Julien Dupraz, Vincent Faivre, Sandrine Estoppey, Cloé Rawlinson, Semira Gonseth Nusslé, Murielle Bochud, Valérie D’Acremont
    International Journal of Public Health.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Quarantine preparedness – the missing factor in COVID-19 behaviour change? Qualitative insights from Australia
    Angela Davis, Stephanie Munari, Joseph Doyle, Brett Sutton, Allen Cheng, Margaret Hellard, Lisa Gibbs
    BMC Public Health.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on hospital admissions for nine diseases in Iran: insight from an interrupted time series analysis
    Sina Ahmadi, Ali Kazemi-Karyani, Nasim Badiee, Sarah Byford, Ali Mohammadi, Bakhtiar Piroozi, Satar Rezaei
    Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Psychosocial Determinants of Hand Hygiene, Facemask Wearing, and Physical Distancing During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
    Wei Liang, Yanping Duan, Feifei Li, Ryan E Rhodes, Xiang Wang, Dehiwala Liyanage Ishanka Harshani Kusum Peiris, Lin Zhou, Borui Shang, Yide Yang, Julien S Baker, Jiao Jiao, Wei Han
    Annals of Behavioral Medicine.2022; 56(11): 1174.     CrossRef
  • 13,606 View
  • 204 Download
  • 30 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Original Articles
Prevalence and correlates of highly caffeinated beverage consumption among Korean adolescents
Ho-Kyung Kwak, Jaesin Sa, Siyoung Choe, Jean-Philippe Chaput, Joon Chung, Gayle Cummings, Jounghee Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2021;12(6):374-384.
Published online November 23, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0013
Objectives
The purposes of this study were to (1) examine the multi-year prevalence of highly caffeinated beverage (HCB) consumption, (2) identify sex differences in the prevalence, and (3) investigate relationships between HCB consumption and behavioral characteristics in a nationally representative sample of Korean adolescents.
Methods
Data from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (2014–2017) were analyzed.
Results
HCB consumption was higher in 2017 than 2014 (23.9% vs. 12.0%), and higher among boys than girls (17.2% vs. 13.1%). HCB drinkers were more likely to (1) be boys, (2) be overweight or obese, (3) use alcohol and tobacco, (4) consume soda at least once per week, (5) consume sweetened beverages at least once per week, (6) have seriously considered suicide during the past 12 months, and (7) have attempted suicide during the past 12 months (p<0.05 for all).
Conclusion
Effective programs to curb HCB consumption among Korean adolescents need to be established.

Citations

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  • Association of Coffee and Energy Drink Intake with Suicide Attempts and Suicide Ideation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Chen Ee Low, Nicole Shi Min Chew, Sean Loke, Jia Yang Tan, Shayne Phee, Ainsley Ryan Yan Bin Lee, Cyrus Su Hui Ho
    Nutrients.2025; 17(11): 1911.     CrossRef
  • Exploring perception types regarding the effects of energy drink consumption among South Korean male adolescents: a Q-methodology study
    Sun Jung Park, Eun Ju Choi
    Child Health Nursing Research.2025; 31(4): 211.     CrossRef
  • Caffeine intake from foods and beverages and trends among Chinese children and adolescents: 2004–2018
    Ou Tong, Yue Cao, Yan Song, Jian Song, Xiao Xiao, Ling Yong, Sheng Wei
    Food and Chemical Toxicology.2024; 193: 115025.     CrossRef
  • Secondary School Students and Caffeine: Consumption Habits, Motivations, and Experiences
    Sophie Turner, Ajmol Ali, Carol Wham, Kay Rutherfurd-Markwick
    Nutrients.2023; 15(4): 1011.     CrossRef
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Behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy for relapse prevention in abstinent smokers: a rapid review and meta-analysis for the Korea Preventive Service Task Force
Naae Lee, Eon Sook Lee, Jae Moon Yun, Cheol Min Lee, Seung-Won Oh, Younglee Choi, Belong Cho
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2021;12(4):244-253.
Published online July 6, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0017
Objectives
This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of relapse prevention interventions involving behavioral and pharmacological treatment among abstinent smokers.
Methods
This rapid review was conducted using MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, Embase, KMbase, and KoreaMed to identify studies published until June 20, 2020. The participants were abstinent smokers who quit smoking on their own, due to pregnancy, hospitalization, or by participating in a smoking cessation program. We found a systematic review that fit the objective of this study and included 81 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Studies that did not present information on smoking cessation status, had no control group, or used reward-based interventions were excluded. Random effect and fixed effect meta-analyses were used to estimate the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). In subgroup analyses, differences between subgroups were verified based on the participant setting, characteristics, intervention type, and intensity.
Results
Following screening, 44 RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. The review reported no differences in the success rate of relapse prevention between the behavioral interventions. Pharmacotherapy interventions showed higher success rates (RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.05−1.26; <i>I</i><sup>2</sup>=40.71%), depending on prior abstinence duration and the drug type. Conclusions: The results indicated that pharmacotherapy has a significant effect on preventing relapse among abstinent smokers.

Citations

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  • Knowledge user involvement is still uncommon in published rapid reviews—a meta-research cross-sectional study
    Barbara Nussbaumer-Streit, Dominic Ledinger, Christina Kien, Irma Klerings, Emma Persad, Andrea Chapman, Claus Nowak, Arianna Gadinger, Lisa Affengruber, Maureen Smith, Gerald Gartlehner, Ursula Griebler
    Research Synthesis Methods.2025; 16(6): 876.     CrossRef
  • A Survey of the Clinical Practice of Korean Medicine for Smoking Cessation in Public Health Centers: A Web-Based Survey of Public Health Doctors of Korean Medicine
    Gyoungeun Park, Jeong-Hyun Moon, Eun-Jung Kim, Byung-Kwan Seo, Yong-Hyeon Baek, Won-Suk Sung
    Perspectives on Integrative Medicine.2024; 3(1): 45.     CrossRef
  • 9,139 View
  • 123 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • Crossref
Behavioral interventions for smoking cessation among adolescents: a rapid review and meta-analysis for the Korea Preventive Services Task Force
Younglee Choi, Cheol Min Lee, Belong Cho, Eon Sook Lee, Seung-Won Oh, Naae Lee, Jae Moon Yun
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2021;12(3):177-186.
Published online June 2, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0018
Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of behavioral smoking cessation interventions among adolescents.
Methods
MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Embase, CINAHL, KoreaMed, and KMbase were searched from inception to June 2020. Systematic reviews (SRs) or meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were initially searched to perform a rapid SR. After selecting the final SR, RCTs after the publication year of the selected SR were searched. The primary outcome was smoking status after at least 6 months of follow-up, and the secondary outcome was smoking status at 4 weeks. Two reviewers independently assessed the selected studies’ quality using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The meta-analysis utilized a Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effect model reporting the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The subgroup analysis utilized Cochrane’s Q.
Results
Thirty-two RCTs (11,637 participants) from a single SR were meta-analyzed. After 6 months of follow-up, the intervention group had significantly higher abstinence rates (RR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.20−1.41; I2=26.46%). At 4 weeks of follow-up, the intervention group also had significantly higher abstinence rates (RR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.49–2.47; I2=0.00%). The subgroup analysis indicated a significant difference in the abstinence rate according to the study setting and the period between intervention completion and follow-up.
Conclusion
This review showed that adolescent behavioral smoking cessation intervention programs significantly increased abstinence rates compared to the usual care.

Citations

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  • Effectiveness of non-pharmacological school-based therapies for cigarette smoking cessation among adolescents in South and Southeast Asian countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Fahad Ali Mangrio, Penpaktr Uthis, Suwimon Rojnawee, Alicia K Matthews
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2025; 16(3): 195.     CrossRef
  • Effectiveness of Healthcare Interventions on Smoking Cessation in Adolescents in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Narrative Review
    Janhvi Thakur, Sonali G Choudhari
    Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Non-combustible nicotine product cessation interventions in adolescents and young adults: A systematic review
    Sofie K. Bergman Rasmussen, Charlotta Pisinger
    Tobacco Use Insights.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Non-pharmacological interventions for smoking cessation: analysis of systematic reviews and meta-analyses
    Tao Nian, Kangle Guo, Wendi Liu, Xinxin Deng, Xiaoye Hu, Meng Xu, Fenfen E, Ziyi Wang, Guihang Song, Kehu Yang, Xiuxia Li, Wenru Shang
    BMC Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Behavioral Interventions for Smoking Cessation in Adolescents: Korea Preventive Services Task Force Guidance
    Younglee Choi, Cheol Min Lee, Jae Moon Yun, Eon Sook Lee, Seung-Won Oh, Naae Lee, Belong Cho
    Journal of the Korean Society for Research on Nico.2021; 12(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Tobacco Control Policy in Period of Epidemic “COVID 19”
    Eon Sook Lee
    Journal of the Korean Society for Research on Nico.2021; 12(1): 34.     CrossRef
  • 13,613 View
  • 224 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
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Relationship Between Assertion and Aggression with Addiction Potential: A Cross-Sectional Study in 2019
Mohammad Amiri, Zakieh Sadeghi, Elham Sadeghi, Ahmad Khosravi
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2020;11(4):231-238.
Published online August 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.4.12
<sec> <title>Objectives</title> <p>This study aimed to determine the relationship between assertion and aggression with addiction potential among students in Shahroud University of Medical Sciences.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>In this cross-sectional study conducted in 2019, 500 students of Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, were selected by multistage random sampling, for a study using the Addiction Potential Scale, and Assertion and Aggression Questionnaires. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Chi-square, <italic>t</italic> test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and the linear regression model.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Results</title> <p>The mean scores of addiction potential, aggression, and assertion were 32.7 ± 17.2, 41.5 ± 12.9 and 139.4 ± 22.3, respectively. In this study, 38.8% (<italic>N</italic> = 194) of students had high aggression and 76.8% (<italic>N</italic> = 384) had high assertion. In the regression model, aggression, history of drug and addictive substances abuse, history of tobacco use, and history of alcohol abuse were significantly related to addiction potential (<italic>p</italic> ≤ 0.05). There was a negative relationship between assertion and addiction potential so that with one-unit increase in the assertion score, the addiction potential score decreased by −0.11.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>Given the direct relationship between aggression and addiction potential, and since more than three-quarters of the students had moderate to high aggression, it is necessary to pay more attention to this issue. Interventions may play an important role in improving the current situation.</p></sec>

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  • Exploring the dual mediators of anxiety and depression: How mobile phone addiction shapes aggressive behaviour among Chinese medical students in Anhui
    Lijun Zhu, Zhengmei Fang, Mengyun Huang, Jiani Tong, Long Hua, Zhiyin Pan, Pu Dong, Yan Chen, Yuelong Jin, Yingshui Yao
    Acta Psychologica.2025; 259: 105347.     CrossRef
  • The Dark Triad and aggression among drug abstainers: a moderated mediation model of self-control and physical exercise
    Li-Shuang Chen, Ying Yao, Ming-Sheng Xiong
    BMC Psychiatry.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Identifying the Factors Influencing the Completion of Institutional Detoxification Period Among Patients with Substance Use Disorder in Iraq
    Sarah Hazem Muslim , Ali Azeez Al-Jumaili, Hadeer Akram Al-Ani
    Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 278.2024; 7(2): 202.     CrossRef
  • Perceived personality traits and parenting styles on addiction potentiality among nursing students
    Sabah Ali Mohammed Elsisi, Mona Hamdy Mostafa, Mohamed Abd El-Fattah Khalil, Sayeda Mohamed
    Egyptian Nursing Journal.2023; 20(1): 138.     CrossRef
  • From emotional intelligence to suicidality: a mediation analysis in patients with borderline personality disorder
    Mohsen Khosravi, Fahimeh Hassani
    BMC Psychiatry.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Addiction Potential and its Correlates Among Medical Students
    Mohammad Amiri, Ahmad Khosravi, Reza Chaman, Zakieh Sadeghi, Elham Sadeghi, Mehdi Raei
    The Open Public Health Journal.2021; 14(1): 32.     CrossRef
  • Exploring the Influence of Parenting Style on Adolescents’ Maladaptive Game Use through Aggression and Self-Control
    Hyeon Gyu Jeon, Sung Je Lee, Jeong Ae Kim, Gyoung Mo Kim, Eui Jun Jeong
    Sustainability.2021; 13(8): 4589.     CrossRef
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  • 131 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
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The Effects of the Korean Medicine Health Care Program on Stroke-Related Factors and Self-Care Enhancement
Kyoung-Oh Chang, Jung-Hye Lim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2019;10(5):307-314.
Published online October 31, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.5.07
<sec> <title>Objectives</title> <p>This study was performed to examine the effects of the Korean medicine healthcare program on stroke-related factors and self-care enhancement.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>This study was a quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design study (<italic>N</italic> = 58 participants), with 28 in the treatment group (Korean medicine health care program) and 30 in the control group (no intervention). The program was conducted twice a week for 2 hours, for a total of 12 weeks.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Results</title> <p>There were statistically significant differences in systolic (<italic>p</italic> = 0.005) and diastolic blood pressure (<italic>p</italic> = 0.006), cholesterol (<italic>p</italic> < 0.001), blood glucose (<italic>p</italic> < 0.001), self-esteem (<italic>p</italic> = 0.001), self-efficacy (<italic>p</italic> < 0.001), health perception (<italic>p</italic> < 0.001), and the health behavior (<italic>p</italic> < 0.001) between the experimental group and the control group.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>Thus, the Korean medicine healthcare program was effective in managing stroke-related factors and enhancing self-care, and should be actively used to develop community health promotion strategies to prevent strokes and prepare long-term measures.</p></sec>

Citations

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  • Stroke knowledge and health-promoting behaviors: Mediating effect of patient self-esteem
    GyeongChae MUN, JaeLan SHIM
    Patient Education and Counseling.2024; 129: 108398.     CrossRef
  • 7,968 View
  • 212 Download
  • Crossref
Interaction Between Smoking Cigarettes and Alcohol Consumption on Sexual Experience in High School Students
Soo Jeong Kim, Kyoung Won Cho
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2019;10(5):274-280.
Published online October 31, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.5.03
<sec> <title>Objectives</title> <p>This study aimed to analyze nationwide representative data from the 11<sup>th</sup> Korean Youth Health Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey to determine whether factors including socio-demographics, smoking and alcohol consumption, were factors related to high school students that had experienced sexual intercourse.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>A total of 33,744 students (17,346 boys and 16,398 girls) in 1<sup>st</sup>, 2<sup>nd</sup>, and 3<sup>rd</sup> grade at high school were analyzed. SPSS complex samples methods were used for analyses. Socio-demographic and health risk behaviors (type of region of residence, family structure, and economic status, student academic achievement, gender, high school grade, pocket money, student smoking, alcohol consumption, and having engaged in sexual intercourse) were considered as independent variables.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Results</title> <p>There were 3.6% of girls and 9.9% of boys in high school that were sexually active. This behavior and the average number of cigarettes smoked daily, and alcohol consumed weekly, represented a dose-response relationship, after considering confounding factors. Compared with students that did not smoke or consume alcohol, smoking 1–9 cigarettes per day and consuming 1–6 cups of alcohol and group “smoking more than 10 cigarettes per day and consuming more than 7 cups of alcohol, had a 5.94 and 22.25 higher risk of having had sexual intercourse, respectively.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption were associated with an increased likelihood of high school students engaging in sexual intercourse.</p></sec>

Citations

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  • The relationship between risky sexual behaviors and sexual health literacy and self-esteem in young women
    Sevil Cicek Ozdemir, Esra Cevik
    Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Sexual risk behaviour and its associated factors among university students in Malaysia
    Fadzilah Mohamad, Khairatul Nainey Kamaruddin, Nur Amirah Shibraumalisi, Sharifah Najwa Syed Mohamad, Syifa Mohd Azlan, Rahima Dahlan, Irmi Zarina Ismail, Hayati Kadir Shahar, Nurainul Hana Shamsuddin
    Discover Social Science and Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Differences in adolescent sexual risk-taking profiles and sexually transmitted infections in adulthood by justice systems involvement: a multigroup latent class analysis
    Sharefa Duhaney, Gia Barboza-Salerno, Georgia Sasser
    Discover Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Assessment of Sexual Risk Behavior and Mental Health Status Among Urban Slum Dwellers in Bangladesh: A Cross‐Sectional Study
    Abu Bakkar Siddique, Nishat Tamanna Omi, Md Zannatur Nayem, Maruf Hasan, Debesh Gobinda Paul, Meraj Hossain, Most. Nowsin Tasnim, Suraia Akter, Bohnny Debnath, Mahmudur Rahman
    Health Science Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Factors associated with adolescents’ sexual experience based on the biopsychosocial model: a cross-sectional study using the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS)
    Ka Young Kim, Hye Young Shin
    BMJ Open.2022; 12(11): e066307.     CrossRef
  • DETERMINANTS OF PREMARITAL SEXUAL BEHAVIOR AMONGST ADOLESCENTS IN INDONESIA
    Nadhirul Mundhiro, Ridhwan Fauzi, Mohammad Ainul Maruf, Nurfadhilah Nurfadhilah
    Jurnal Biometrika dan Kependudukan.2021; 10(1): 86.     CrossRef
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Designing and Evaluating Educational Intervention to Improve Preventive Behavior Against Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Endemic Areas in Iran
Musalreza Ghodsi, Mina Maheri, Hamid Joveini, Mohammad Hassan Rakhshani, Ali Mehri
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2019;10(4):253-262.
Published online August 31, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.4.09
<sec> <title>Objectives</title> <p>Health education programs are one of the most important strategies for controlling cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in endemic areas such as Neshabur city. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a comprehensive health education program to improve preventive behaviors for CL.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>This was an interventional study conducted on 136 high school students in Neishabur city. Data collection instruments included a demographic questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire based on the “Health Belief Model” and “Beliefs, Attitudes, Subjective Norms and Enabling Factors Model” constructs. The control and intervention groups completed the questionnaires before and 2 months after the intervention. The intervention was conducted in 6, 1-hour educational sessions for the intervention group students and 2, 1-hour sessions for school administrators, teachers, and students’ parents.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Results</title> <p>There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the pre-intervention phase. However, in the post-intervention phase, there were significant differences between the 2 groups for mean scores of knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, cues to action, self-efficacy, attitude, subjective norms, behavioral intention, enabling factors, and behavior associated with CL.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>Health education program based on the “Health Belief Model” and the “Beliefs, Attitudes, Subjective Norms and Enabling Factors Model” model constructs may be a comprehensive and effective educational program to improve preventive behaviors against CL in students.</p></sec>

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  • Community health of knowledge and attitude towards cutaneous leishmaniasis among rural residents in Esfarayen county, North Khorasan province of Iran
    Reza Shafiei, Hamid Reza Shoraka, Marzieh Mahmoodi Manesh, Ahmad Gholami
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    Abdolali Golpayegani, Reza Sadeghi, Saideh Yousefi, Parniya Abolghaseminejad, Fatemeh Rezabeigi Davarani
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Army Soldiers’ Knowledge of, Attitude Towards, and Preventive Behavior Towards Tuberculosis in Korea
Yun Choi, Geum Hee Jeong
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2018;9(5):269-277.
Published online October 31, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2018.9.5.09
<sec> <title>Objectives</title> <p>The aim of this study was to gather information about Korean Army soldiers’ attitude towards tuberculosis to enable the development of an informed educational program and potential intervention plans.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>There were 500 male soldiers serving in the Korean Army who responded to questionnaires regarding knowledge of, attitudes towards, and preventive behavior towards tuberculosis. The questionnaires were collected between September 10 until October 1, 2014. Participants’ characteristic that influenced differences in knowledge, attitudes, and preventive behavior towards tuberculosis were compared by <italic>t</italic> test. Variables that influenced preventive behavior were identified by multiple regression analysis.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Results</title> <p>The mean scores assessing knowledge of, attitude, and preventive behavior towards tuberculosis were 11.64 (± 4.03) out of 20 points, 3.21 (± 0.38) out of 4 points, and 2.88 (± 0.42) out of 4 points, respectively. Non-smokers were more knowledgeable about tuberculosis than smokers. Participants who had family or friends with tuberculosis had better knowledge and a more productive attitude to tuberculosis. Participants who were educated or obtained information about tuberculosis, received better scores in all areas of knowledge, attitude and preventive behavior compared to other participants. Non-smoking, family or friends who have had tuberculosis, obtaining information about tuberculosis, and positive attitudes towards treatment and preventive education had an explanatory power of 24.6% with regard to preventive behavior against tuberculosis.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>More relatable, systemized education should be provided regularly to improve soldiers’ knowledge of, attitudes towards, and prevention against tuberculosis in the Republic of Korea Army.</p></sec>

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    Irma Melyani Puspitasari, Rano Kurnia Sinuraya, Arini Nurhaqiqi Aminudin, Rika Rahmi Kamilah
    Infection and Drug Resistance.2022; Volume 15: 4721.     CrossRef
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Multilevel Analysis of the Risk Factors in High-Risk Health Behavior among Korean Adolescents
Eun Gyeong Kim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2018;9(1):3-8.
Published online December 31, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2018.9.1.02
<sec> <title>Objectives</title> <p>To examine health behaviors among Korean adolescents with a focus on both individual and school-based factors, specifically in relation to predictors of high-risk groups.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>Secondary data analysis was conducted with data from the 8th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey, using descriptive statistics, t tests, χ<sup>2</sup> test, and multilevel logistic regression analysis. Health Practice Index was calculated and a range of 0 to 2 was classified as a high-risk group.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Results</title> <p>The results revealed that the individual-level variables of sex, age, stress, depression, subjective health status, school performance, health education, father’s level of education, and living situation were significant predictors of high-risk behaviors. The risk was greater in girls, greater with higher age and higher stress scores, greater in adolescents with depression, greater with lower paternal educational level, and greater in adolescents who did not live with both parents, as were the school-level variables of school grade and school affluence score. The possibility of being in the high-risk group in health behavior was greater if a student attended a school where the Family Affluence Score (FAS) was lower.</p></sec> <sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>School health education should be expanded to manage students’ high-risk health behaviors, especially in schools that have many students from families with a low affluence status.</p></sec>

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  • Mental health and its determinants among adolescents living in families with separated or divorced parents in an urban area of Vietnam
    Binh Thang Tran, Minh Tu Nguyen, Minh Tam Nguyen, Thanh Gia Nguyen, Vo Nu Hong Duc, Thi Tra My Tran
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2023; 14(4): 300.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Club Drug Use among Secondary Vocational Students in China
    Jincong Yu, Qingfeng Wu, Yuqin Wu, Jiang Li, Qinxuan Wu, Huiping Cao, Zengzhen Wang
    International Journal of Environmental Research an.2021; 18(19): 10408.     CrossRef
  • Problematic Gaming Is Associated with Some Health-Related Behaviors Among Finnish Vocational School Students
    Niko Männikkö, Heidi Ruotsalainen, Asko Tolvanen, Maria Kääriäinen
    International Journal of Mental Health and Addicti.2020; 18(4): 993.     CrossRef
  • The relationship between social participation and self-rated health in persons with psychiatric disabilities: Is the health behavior mediation model useful
    Ji Hye Park, Sun Hae Lee
    Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2020; 37(2): 69.     CrossRef
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Korean Adolescents’ Health Behavior and Psychological Status according to Their Mother’s Nationality
Yunjeong Yi, Ji-Soo Kim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2017;8(6):377-383.
Published online December 31, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.6.04
<sec><title>Objectives</title><p>This study was conducted to compare adolescents’ health behaviors and psychological status according to whether or not their mother was born in Korea.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>This secondary analysis used nationally representative data from the 2015 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. The self-administered questionnaire included computer measured socio-demographic variables, 15 health behaviors, and psychological status. Data from 65,426 middle school and high school students were analyzed. Multiple logistic regression, adjusting for socio-demographic variables, was used to analyze differences in health behaviors and psychological status between adolescents with a foreign-born mother and those with a Korean mother.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Adolescents who have foreign-born mothers had a lower level of current drinking and subjective happiness, but a higher stress level.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The stress levels of the adolescents with foreign-born mothers could be affected by their multicultural background. It is necessary to analyze stress-influencing factors of multicultural adolescents by comparing them to adolescents from Korean parents. Additionally, our society should pay more attention to the mental health of multicultural adolescents. Schools should also make various efforts to protect multicultural adolescents by adopting mental health management programs led by school nurses and counselors.</p></sec>

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  • Measuring Happiness in Adolescent Samples: A Systematic Review
    Justė Lukoševičiūtė, Gita Argustaitė-Zailskienė, Kastytis Šmigelskas
    Children.2022; 9(2): 227.     CrossRef
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    Kyoung Hwa Joung, Sung Suk Chung
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    Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
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Does Skipping Breakfast and Being Overweight Influence Academic Achievement Among Korean Adolescents?
Yang Wha Kang, Jong-Hyock Park
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2016;7(4):220-227.
Published online August 31, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2016.05.004
Objectives
Health status and health behaviors are associated with academic achievement in children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether skipping breakfast and being overweight are related to academic achievement of Korean adolescents.
Methods
Cross-sectional data on a sample of 1,652 high-school seniors (942 males and 710 females) drawn from the 2004 Korea Education Employment Panel were analyzed.
Results
A higher proportion of males (15.3%) than females (6.1%) was overweight (<i>p</i> < 0.001); 37% of males and 41% of females reported skipping breakfast. Overall test scores were significantly higher for females than males (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and in language and foreign language subjects. However, both males and females who reported skipping breakfast had significantly lower scores in language, mathematics, and foreign language than those who did not report skipping breakfast. Overweight males had a lower probability than normal-weight males of having the highest language scores (OR = 0.52, <i>p</i> < 0.05), but there was no difference among females. Females who skipped breakfast had a lower probability of having the highest scores in language (OR = 0.41, <i>p</i> < 0.05), mathematics (OR = 0.24, <i>p</i> < 0.01), or foreign language (OR = 0.18, <i>p</i> < 0.01), while males had a lower probability of having the highest scores in language only (OR = 0.46, <i>p</i> < 0.05).
Conclusion
Skipping breakfast and being overweight are associated with poor academic achievement in Korean adolescents. Eating breakfast and weight control is being discussed as the overlooked factors that may influence better academic achievement.

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Timing of Spermarche and Menarche are Associated with Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Among Korean Adolescents
Eun-Young Lee, Roman Pabayo, Ichiro Kawachi
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2016;7(4):266-272.
Published online August 31, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2016.04.010
Objectives
This study examined the timing of menarche and spermarche and their associations with physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) after controlling for body mass index (BMI).
Methods
Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine whether the timing of menarche in girls and spermarche in boys is associated with PA and SB independent of BMI in a nationally representative sample of Korean adolescents (13–18 years; <i>N</i> = 74,186).
Results
After controlling for age, family economic status, and BMI, early timing of spermarche among boys was associated with a higher likelihood of engaging in PA and a lower likelihood of engaging in SB for < 2 hours during weekdays. By contrast, boys with late timing of spermarche were less likely to engage in PA and more likely to engage in SB for < 2 hours. Among girls, early or late timing of menarche was associated with a higher likelihood of engaging in PA and a lower likelihood of engaging in SB.
Conclusion
Timing of menarche in girls and spermarche in boys could be a marker for PA and SB among Korean adolescents. To promote PA and discourage SB among Korean adolescents, school-based, grade-specific interventions can be tailored by the absence or presence of menarche/spermarche.

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Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation from Smartphones on Learning Ability and Hippocampal Progenitor Cell Proliferation in Mice
Yu-Jin Choi, Yun-Sik Choi
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2016;7(1):12-17.
Published online February 28, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2015.12.009
Objectives
Nonionizing radiation is emitted from electronic devices, such as smartphones. In this study, we intended to elucidate the effect of electromagnetic radiation from smartphones on spatial working memory and progenitor cell proliferation in the hippocampus.
Methods
Both male and female mice were randomly separated into two groups (radiated and control) and the radiated group was exposed to electromagnetic radiation for 9 weeks and 11 weeks for male and female mice, respectively. Spatial working memory was examined with a Y maze, and proliferation of hippocampal progenitor cells were examined by 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine administration and immunohistochemical detection.
Results
When spatial working memory on a Y maze was examined in the 9<sup>th</sup> week, there was no significant difference in the spontaneous alternation score on the Y maze between the two groups. In addition, there was no significant difference in hippocampal progenitor cell proliferation. However, immunoreactivity to glial fibrillary acidic protein was increased in exposed animals. Next, to test the effect of recovery following chronic radiation exposure, the remaining female mice were further exposed to electromagnetic radiation for 2 more weeks (total 11 weeks), and spontaneous alternation was tested 4 weeks later. In this experiment, although there was no significant difference in the spontaneous alternation scores, the number of arm entry was significantly increased.
Conclusion
These data indicate that although chronic electromagnetic radiation does not affect spatial working memory and hippocampal progenitor cell proliferation it can mediate astrocyte activation in the hippocampus and delayed hyperactivity-like behavior.

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Factors associated with health services utilization between the years 2010 and 2012 in Korea: using Andersen's Behavioral model
Han-Kyoul Kim, Munjae Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2016;7(1):18-25.
Published online February 28, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2015.11.007
Objectives
This study aimed to examine the factors associated with health services utilization using Andersen's behavioral model.
Methods
We collected Korea Health Panel data between the years 2010 and 2012 from the consortium of the National Health Insurance Service and the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, and analyzed the data to determine the outpatients and inpatients of health services utilization.
Results
Health services utilization was more significantly explained by predisposing and need factors than enabling factors. The outpatients were examined more specifically; sex, age, and marital status as predisposing factors, and chronic illness as a need factor were the variables that had significant effects on health-services-utilization experience. The inpatients were examined more specifically: sex, age, and marital status in predisposing factors; education level, economic activities, and insurance type in enabling factors; and chronic illness and disability status in need factors were the significant variables having greater effects on health-services-utilization experience.
Conclusion
This study suggests the practical implications for providing health services for outpatients and inpatients. Moreover, verifying the general characteristics of outpatients and inpatients by focusing on their health services utilization provides the baseline data for establishing health service policies and programs with regard to the recently increasing interest in health services.

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Objectives
This study was carried out in order to understand the behavior of dengue viruses through the entomological and laboratory surveillance of outbreaks. The aim of the study was to provide additional research to support current knowledge of epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory diagnosis of dengue virus and ultimately to use this information to forecast dengue as well as to justify intervention measures.
Methods
Data on the presence of <i>Aedes</i> larvae in human dwellings during the entomological surveillance in Cuddalore, Nagapattinam, and Tirunelveli dengue outbreaks were taken to compute indices, namely the House Index (HI), Container index (CI), and the Breteau Index (BI). Standard procedures were followed for nonstructural Protein 1 (NS1) and immunoglobulin M enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the confirmation of dengue. Serovar confirmation was made in the Kottayam field station of the Vector Control Research Center, Puducherry.
Results
Larval indices HI < 2–3% and BI < 20 contributed to halting the outbreak. Incubation of the dengue viruses in humans was detected at 15 days, NS1 was identified as a tool for the early diagnosis of dengue cases and its presence indicated the need to implement all available interventions. It was also discovered that it is helpful to search for hidden habitats of <i>Aedes</i> when dengue cases have not been reduced even after the sustainable management of the larval indices, HI < 5% and BI < 20. Based on the observed incidences of stopping dengue outbreaks, it was learnt that neighborhood areas of the outbreak villages, around 400 m, should have permissible larval indices < 5% HI and BI < 20. Heterogeneous serovars that led to dengue hemorrhagic fever and Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS) were identified using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and reconfirmed in the field as DEN-1 and DEN-3 viruses and were circulating in Tirunelveli during the outbreak.
Conclusion
The behaviors of dengue viruses experienced in experimental, clinical, epidemiological, entomological, and laboratory surveillance did not deviate from observations in the field during dengue outbreaks in the Cuddalore, Nagapattinam, and Tirunelveli districts of Tamil Nadu, India.

Citations

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Health Status of the Residents in Occidental Mindoro, Philippines: A Way to Make a Healthy Community
Rosa Mistica C. Ignacio, Ma Easter Joy V. Sajo, Eun Woo Nam, Chun Bae Kim, Dong Won Ahn, Pan Suk Kim, Kyu Jae Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2015;6(1):20-26.
Published online February 28, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.11.006
Objectives
Even though Philippines is widely known as exporters of health workers in the world, the Occidental Mindoro province suffers from a lack of health workers compared with the total population of each municipality. The aim of this study was to observe, identify, and understand the persisting health status, knowledge, and practices among the three selected communities in Occidental Mindoro, Philippines.
Methods
The study applied a survey using basic questions with three key topics, with relevance to the health condition of the villagers, such as demographics (social capital and regional characteristics), lifestyle (healthy living, and healthy lifestyle and behavior), and status or position in the society (general demographics, and personal behavior and attitudes), with a random sample of 256 adult respondents.
Results
Only about 54.3% rated themselves as fair/moderately healthy, and a total of 17.2% suffered from chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cancers, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cardiovascular disease, while 9% have been diagnosed with tuberculosis in the past 6 months. Respondents mostly have low income and low education.
Conclusion
The majority of the respondents have only primary and secondary education, and a very low average income; these suggest that respondents were afflicted with poverty and low educational attainment. Respondents who are deprived of their rights to obtain a higher education also have a higher chance of having less knowledge on their well-being. Health programs do not guarantee a healthy individual and a healthy society, but a combination of health programs and socioeconomic support can help in creating a healthy community.

Citations

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  • Observation records of the Bangon Monitor Lizard, Varanus bangonorum (Squamata, Varanidae), with emphasis on behaviour and local threats, from the Municipality of Abra de Ilog, Occidental Mindoro, Philippines
    Przemysław Zdunek, Michaela S. Webb
    Herpetozoa.2023; 36: 1.     CrossRef
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  • 32 Download
  • Crossref
Suicidal Ideation and its Correlates among Juvenile Delinquents in South Korea
Suyoung Kim, Hyekyeong Kim, Dong-Chul Seo, Dong Hwan Lee, Han-Ik Cho
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2014;5(5):258-265.
Published online October 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.08.007
Objectives
This study investigated suicidal ideation and its correlates among juvenile delinquents in South Korea.
Methods
Suicidal ideation, psychological health status, and health-related behaviors were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire in 1682 juvenile offenders aged between 15 and 18 years in 2012.
Results
The prevalence of suicidal ideation in juvenile delinquents was 15.2%. Girls were more likely to report suicidal thoughts than boys (30.3% vs. 12.7%). Suicidal ideation was more common among adolescents who were not living with their family prior to entering detention centers (22.6% vs. 13.2%) than their counterparts. The likelihood of suicidal ideation was significantly associated with problem drinking [odds ratio (OR) = 1.84], psychedelic drug use (OR = 2.04), feeling unhappy (OR = 3.05), feeling sad or depressed (OR = 13.37) after controlling for sociodemographic factors, other health behaviors and perceptions.
Conclusion
The present study provides evidence for an association between suicidal ideation and psychological health and health risk behaviors among juvenile delinquents. It also highlights the importance of mental health and behavioral interventions for this population to prevent suicidality.

Citations

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    Yooli Lim, Eun-Jin Park, Bongseog Kim
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    Kshamta Joshi, Stephen Bates Billick
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Factors Affecting Hospital Employees' Knowledge Sharing Intention and Behavior, and Innovation Behavior
Hyun Sook Lee, Seong Ae Hong
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2014;5(3):148-155.
Published online June 30, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.04.006
Objectives
To investigate the factors affecting employees' knowledge sharing intention, knowledge sharing behavior, and innovation behavior of the four top-ranked university hospitals in South Korea.
Methods
Data were collected from employees at three university hospitals in Seoul, Korea and one university hospital in Gyeonggi-Do, Korea through self-administered questionnaires. The survey was conducted from May 29, 2013 to July 17, 2013. A total of 779 questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS version 18.0 and AMOS version 18.0.
Results
Factors affecting hospital employees' knowledge sharing intention, knowledge sharing behavior, and innovation behavior are reciprocity, behavioral control, and trust.
Conclusion
It is important to select employees who have a propensity for innovation and continuously educate them about knowledge management based on trust.

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The Relationship between Health Behavior and General Health Status: Based on 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Chunhoo Cheon, So-Mi Oh, Soobin Jang, Jeong-Su Park, Sunju Park, Bo-Hyoung Jang, Yong-Cheol Shin, Seong-Gyu Ko
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2014;5(1):28-33.
Published online February 28, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2013.12.003
Objectives
The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between health behavior and general health status.
Methods
We used data from the 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Mental health was measured by stress recognition and depression. Dietary habit was measured by mixed grain diet. Life pattern was measured by sleeping time and working pattern. Physical activity was measured by walking and exercise. We defined general health status as Euro Quality of Life-5 Dimension (EQ-5D<sub>index</sub>), Euro Quality of Life Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-5D<sub>vas</sub>), number of people experienced lying in a sickbed for the last one month, number of days lying in a sickbed for the last one month, and activity limitations.
Results
Mental health, dietary habit, life pattern, and physical activity have seven factors. Most of the factors have a significant correlation with EQ-5D<sub>index</sub>, EQ-5D<sub>vas</sub>, number of people experienced lying in a sickbed for the last one month, number of days lying in a sickbed for the last one month, and activity limitations.
Conclusion
Health behavior and general health status have a positive correlation.

Citations

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  • Association between US Residents’ Health Behavior and Good Health Status at the City Level
    Bojung Seo, Hongmei Nan, Patrick O. Monahan, Thomas J. Duszynski, Walter R. Thompson, Terrell W. Zollinger, Jiali Han
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Community-Based Risk Communication Survey: Risk Prevention Behaviors in Communities during the H1N1 crisis, 2010
Soo Jeong Kim, Jin A. Han, Tae-Yong Lee, Tae-Yoon Hwang, Keun-Sang Kwon, Ki Soo Park, Kyung Jong Lee, Moon Shik Kim, Soon Young Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2014;5(1):9-19.
Published online February 28, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2013.12.001
Objectives
The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of and factors associated with H1N1 preventive behaviors in a community-based population.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in three urban and two rural communities in Korea. Interviews were conducted with 3462 individuals (1608 men and 1854 women) aged ≥ 19 years during February–March 2010. Influenza-related information including anxiety, preventive behaviors and their perceived effectiveness, vaccination status, past influenza-like illness symptoms, and sources of and trust in information was obtained.
Results
Among 3462 participants, 173 reported experiencing influenza-like illness symptoms within the past 12 months. The mean H1N1 preventive behavior score was 25.5 ± 5.5 (out of a possible 40). The percent of participants reporting high perceived effectiveness and high anxiety was 46.2% and 21.4%, respectively. After controlling for potential confounders, H1N1 preventive behavior scores were predicted by a high (β = 3.577, <i>p</i> < 0.001) or moderate (β = 2.529, <i>p</i> < 0.001) perception of their effectiveness. Similarly, moderate (β = 1.516, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and high (β = 4.103, <i>p</i> < 0.001) anxiety scores predicted high preventive behavior scores.
Conclusion
Effective methods of promoting population behavior change may be nationwide campaigns through mass media, as well as education and promotion by health care providers and broadcasters.

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Improvements in the Metabolic Syndrome and Stages of Change for Lifestyle Behaviors in Korean Older Adults
Seunghyun Yoo, Hyekyeong Kim, Han-Ik Cho
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2012;3(2):85-93.
Published online June 30, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2012.04.007
Objectives
This study aims to examine the effectiveness of a 6-month lifestyle modification program on the improvement in metabolic syndrome (MetS) status and in stages of change for lifestyle behaviors associated with MetS among Korean older adults.
Methods
A lifestyle modification program was developed based on the transtheoretical model. The program consisted of health counseling, education classes, a self-management handbook, newsletters and a health diary. Older adults aged ≥60 (<i>n</i> = 480) with MetS were randomly assigned to the intervention group (IG) or the comparison group (CG). The IG received a comprehensive 6-month lifestyle modification intervention, while the CG received minimal information on MetS and lifestyle modification. Health examination and selfadministered survey were conducted before and after the intervention to determine the effectiveness of the program.
Results
After the intervention, the prevalence of MetS decreased to 38.1% in the IG and 52.4% in the CG (<i>p</i> = 0.046). The IG improved abdominal obesity (<i>p</i> = 0.016), blood pressure (<i>p</i> = 0.030), and triglyceride (<i>p</i> = 0.005) more than the CG did. The IG demonstrated significant improvements in the behavioral stages for portion control (<i>p</i> = 0.021), balanced diet (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and adequate intake of fruits and vegetables (<i>p</i> = 0.012). The IG reduced the prevalence of abdominal obesity (OR = 2.34) and improved MetS status (OR = 1.79) better than the CG. The IG were more likely to advance from preaction stages at baseline to action stage at post-intervention for portion control (OR = 3.29) and adequate intake of fruits and vegetables (OR = 2.06).
Conclusion
Lifestyle modification can improve the MetS status and behavioral stages in older adults.

Citations

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    Wenbo Li, Xiu Cheng, Ruyin Long, Jiaxin Huang, Chengjiang Li
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