Nushrat Jahan Urmy, Md. Mokbul Hossain, Abu Ahmed Shamim, Md. Showkat Ali Khan, Abu Abdullah Mohammad Hanif, Mehedi Hasan, Fahmida Akter, Dipak Kumar Mitra, Moyazzam Hossaine, Mohammad Aman Ullah, Samir Kanti Sarker, SM Mustafizur Rahman, Md. Mofijul Islam Bulbul, Malay Kanti Mridha
Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2020;11(6):351-364. Published online December 22, 2020
<sec>
<title>Objectives</title>
<p>To assess the prevalence of noncommunicable disease (NCD) risk factors and the factors associated with the coexistence of multiple risk factors (≥ 2 risk factors) among adolescent boys and girls in Bangladesh.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Methods</title>
<p>Data on selected NCD risk factors collected from face to face interviews of 4,907 boys and 4,865 girls in the national Nutrition Surveillance round 2018–2019, was used. Descriptive analysis and multivariable logistic regression were performed.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Results</title>
<p>The prevalence of insufficient fruit and vegetable intake, inadequate physical activity, tobacco use, and being overweight/obese was 90.72%, 29.03%, 4.57%, and 6.04%, respectively among boys; and 94.32%, 50.33%, 0.43%, and 8.03%, respectively among girls. Multiple risk factors were present among 34.87% of boys and 51.74% of girls. Younger age (<italic>p</italic> < 0.001), non-slum urban (<italic>p</italic> < 0.001) and slum residence (<italic>p</italic> < 0.001), higher paternal education (<italic>p</italic> = 0.001), and depression (<italic>p</italic> < 0.001) were associated with the coexistence of multiple risk factors in both boys and girls. Additionally, higher maternal education (<italic>p</italic> < 0.001) and richest wealth quintile (<italic>p</italic> = 0.023) were associated with the coexistence of multiple risk factors in girls.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Conclusion</title>
<p>The government should integrate specific services into the existing health and non-health programs which are aimed at reducing the burden of NCD risk factors.</p></sec>
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<sec>
<title>Objectives</title>
<p>This study aimed to determine the factors associated with reducing exposure to secondhand smoke among children in households of rural Bangladesh.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Methods</title>
<p>A cross-sectional study of 410 smokers and non-smokers, in 6 villages of Munshigonj district was conducted. Data were collected randomly using a self-administrative questionnaire. Differences between variables were assessed using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test (as appropriate). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate associations. All results were presented as unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval. The level of statistical significance was reached when <italic>p</italic> < 0.05.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Results</title>
<p>A smoker in the household was determined to be a risk factor associated with exposure of other household members to secondhand smoke (<italic>p</italic> < 0.001). Higher education, strict implementation of household smoke-free rules, a higher influence of social norms and culture, as well as moderate knowledge on exposure to secondhand smoke were considered as preventive factors associated with exposure of others in the home to secondhand smoke.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Conclusion</title>
<p>Exposure to secondhand smoke is an extensive and preventable risk factor for children, and reducing exposure to secondhand smoke will have a largely positive effect in the community. An effective public health intervention model may reduce secondhand smoking.</p></sec>
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<sec>
<title>Objectives</title>
<p>This study was performed to identify the distribution of undiagnosed isolated hypertension subtypes and their correlates amongst adults aged 35 years and older in Bangladesh using data from the Bangladesh Demography and Health Survey 2011.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Methods</title>
<p>Out of a total of 17,964 selected households, 7,880 were included in the final analysis for this study. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) were measured 3× at 10-minute intervals. Hypertension subtypes were defined for individuals not under antihypertensive treatment as systolic-diastolic hypertension (SDH): systolic BP (SBP) ≥ 140 mm Hg and diastolic BP (DBP) ≥ 90 mm Hg; isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH): SBP < 140 mm Hg and DBP ≥ 90 mm Hg, and isolated systolic hypertension (ISH): SBP ≥140 mm Hg and DBP < 90 mm Hg.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Results</title>
<p>The predominant hypertension subtypes were SDH and IDH [5.2%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.7–5.1] followed by ISH (3.8%; 95% CI: 3.4–4.2). Multiple logistic regression showed that age and gender were significant predictors of ISH. SDH was associated with females [odds ratio (OR): 1.8; 95% CI: 1.3–2.6], the older age group (OR-7.4; 95% CI: 4.3–12.7), and overweight or obese individuals (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1–2.4). Non-manual work (OR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.0–2.0]) and being overweight or obese (OR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.4–2.8) were factors associated with IDH.</p></sec>
<sec>
<title>Conclusion</title>
<p>ISH, IDH and SDH represent salient subtypes of hypertension in Bangladesh. To identify preventive intervention for averting adverse cardiovascular events, further research is needed.</p></sec>
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