Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives

Brief Report

The laboratory test procedure to confirm rotavirus vaccine infection in severe complex immunodeficiency patients: Su-Jin Chae, Seung-Rye Cho, Wooyoung Choi, Myung-Guk Han, Deog-Yong Lee; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2021;12(4):269-273. Published online August 13, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0079

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Abstract PDF: The rotavirus vaccine is a live vaccine, and there is a possibility of infection by the virus strain used in the vaccine. We investigated the process of determining whether an infection was caused by the vaccine strain in a severe complex immunodeficiency (SCID) patient with rotavirus infection. The patient was vaccinated with RotaTeq prior to being diagnosed with SCID. The testing process was conducted in the following order: confirming rotavirus infection, determining its genotype, and confirming the vaccine strain. Rotavirus infection was confirmed through enzyme immunoassay and VP6 gene detection. G1 and P[8] were identified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction for the genotype, and G3 was further identified using a single primer. By detecting the fingerprint gene (WC3) of RotaTeq, it was confirmed that the detected virus was the vaccine strain. Genotypes G1 and P[8] were identified, and the infection was suspected of having been caused by rotavirus G1P[8]. G1P[8] is the most commonly detected genotype worldwide and is not included in the recombinant strains used in vaccines. Therefore, the infection was confirmed to have been caused by the vaccine strain by analyzing the genetic relationship between VP4 and VP7. Rotavirus infection by the vaccine strain can be identified through genotyping and fingerprint gene detection. However, genetic linkage analysis will also help to identify vaccine strains.

Original Articles

One-Step Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction for Ebola and Marburg Viruses: Sun-Whan Park, Ye-Ji Lee, Won-Ja Lee, Youngmee Jee, WooYoung Choi; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2016;7(3):205-209. Published online June 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2016.04.004

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Objectives
Ebola and Marburg viruses (EBOVs and MARVs, respectively) are causative agents of severe hemorrhagic fever with high mortality rates in humans and nonhuman primates. In 2014, there was a major Ebola outbreak in various countries in West Africa, including Guinea, Liberia, Republic of Sierra Leone, and Nigeria. EBOV and MARV are clinically difficult to diagnose and distinguish from other African epidemic diseases. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to develop a method for rapid identification of the virus to prevent the spread of infection.
Methods
We established a conventional one-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for these pathogens based on the Superscript Reverse Transcriptase-Platinum Taq polymerase enzyme mixture. All assays were thoroughly optimized using in vitro-transcribed RNA.
Results
We designed seven primer sets of nucleocapsid protein (NP) genes based on sequences from seven filoviruses, including five EBOVs and two MARVs. To evaluate the sensitivity of the RT-PCR assay for each filovirus, 10-fold serial dilutions of synthetic viral RNA transcripts of EBOV or MARV NP genes were used to assess detection limits of viral RNA copies. The potential for these primers to cross react with other filoviruses was also examined. The results showed that the primers were specific for individual genotype detection in the examined filoviruses.
Conclusion
The assay established in this study may facilitate rapid, reliable laboratory diagnosis in suspected cases of Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fevers.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Marburg Virus Disease – A Mini-Review
Sandip Chakraborty, Deepak Chandran, Ranjan K. Mohapatra, Mahmoud Alagawany, Mohd Iqbal Yatoo, Md. Aminul Islam, Anil K. Sharma, Kuldeep Dhama
Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural S.2022; 10(4): 689. CrossRef
Marburgviruses: An Update
Caterina M Miraglia
Laboratory Medicine.2019; 50(1): 16. CrossRef
Ebola virus: A global public health menace: A narrative review
Shamimul Hasan, SyedAnsar Ahmad, Rahnuma Masood, Shazina Saeed
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.2019; 8(7): 2189. CrossRef
Fast and Parallel Detection of Four Ebola Virus Species on a Microfluidic-Chip-Based Portable Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification System
Xue Lin, Xiangyu Jin, Bin Xu, Ruliang Wang, Rongxin Fu, Ya Su, Kai Jiang, Han Yang, Ying Lu, Yong Guo, Guoliang Huang
Micromachines.2019; 10(11): 777. CrossRef
The current landscape of nucleic acid tests for filovirus detection
David J. Clark, John Tyson, Andrew D. Sails, Sanjeev Krishna, Henry M. Staines
Journal of Clinical Virology.2018; 103: 27. CrossRef

Cloning and Expression of Recombinant Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus-like Particles in Pichia pastoris: Seok-Min Yun, Young Eui Jeong, Eunbyeol Wang, Ye-Ji Lee, Myung Guk Han, Chan Park, Won-Ja Lee, WooYoung Choi; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2014;5(5):274-278. Published online October 31, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.08.005

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to verify the feasibility of using the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAP) promotor based Pichia pastoris expression system to produce tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) virus-like particles (VLPs).
Methods
The complementary DNA encoding the TBEV prM signal peptide, prM, and E proteins of TBEV Korean strain (KrM 93) was cloned into the plasmid vector pGAPZɑA, then integrated into the genome of P. pastoris, under the control of the GAP promoter. Expression of TBEV VLPs was determined by Western blotting using monoclonal antibody against TBEV envelope (E) protein.
Results
Recombinant TBEV VLPs consisting of prM and E protein were successfully expressed using the GAP promoter-based P. pastoris expression system. The results of Western blotting showed that the recombinant proteins were secreted into the culture supernatant from the P. pastoris and glycosylated.
Conclusion
This study suggests that recombinant TBEV VLPs from P. pastoris offer a promising approach to the production of VLPs for use as vaccines and diagnostic antigens.

Citations

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Influence of adjuvant type and route of administration on the immunogenicity of Leishmania-derived tick-borne encephalitis virus-like particles – A recombinant vaccine candidate
Marta Zimna, Gabriela Brzuska, Jiří Salát, Daniel Růžek, Ewelina Krol
Antiviral Research.2024; 228: 105941. CrossRef
Yeast-Based Virus-like Particles as an Emerging Platform for Vaccine Development and Delivery
Vartika Srivastava, Kripa N. Nand, Aijaz Ahmad, Ravinder Kumar
Vaccines.2023; 11(2): 479. CrossRef
Yeast and Virus-like Particles: A Perfect or Imperfect Couple?
Sara Brachelente, Alvaro Galli, Tiziana Cervelli
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De novo transcriptome sequencing and comparative profiling of the ovary in partially engorged and fully engorged Haemaphysalis flava ticks
Yu Zhao, Zhe-Hui Qu, Feng-Chao Jiao
Parasitology International.2021; 83: 102344. CrossRef
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Esmeralda Cuevas-Juárez, Victoria Pando-Robles, Laura A. Palomares
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NS1 Recombinant Proteins Are Efficiently Produced in Pichia pastoris and Have Great Potential for Use in Diagnostic Kits for Dengue Virus Infections
Mariana Fonseca Xisto, John Willians Oliveira Prates, Ingrid Marques Dias, Roberto Sousa Dias, Cynthia Canedo da Silva, Sérgio Oliveira de Paula
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Mareike Kubinski, Jana Beicht, Thomas Gerlach, Asisa Volz, Gerd Sutter, Guus F. Rimmelzwaan
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Virus-Like Particle Systems for Vaccine Development against Viruses in the Flaviviridae Family
Shu Hui Wong, Alagie Jassey, Jonathan Y. Wang, Wei-Cheng Wang, Ching-Hsuan Liu, Liang-Tzung Lin
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ON MODERN APPROACHES TO CREATION OF A SINGLE-CYCLE VACCINE AGAINST TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS
V. A. Lashkevich, G. G. Karganova
Problems of Virology.2018; 63(3): 101. CrossRef
Production of an enzymatically active and immunogenic form of ectodomain of Porcine rubulavirus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase in the yeast Pichia pastoris
José Luis Cerriteño-Sánchez, Gerardo Santos-López, Nora Hilda Rosas-Murrieta, Julio Reyes-Leyva, Sandra Cuevas-Romero, Irma Herrera-Camacho
Journal of Biotechnology.2016; 223: 52. CrossRef

Generation and Characterization of Recombinant Influenza A(H1N1) Viruses Resistant to Neuraminidase Inhibitors: WooYoung Choi, Jin-Young Shin, Hwan-Eui Jeong, Mi-Jin Jeong, Su-Jin Kim, Joo-Yeon Lee, Chun Kang; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2013;4(6):323-328. Published online December 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2013.10.005

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
To examine the effect of neuraminidase (NA) mutations on the NA inhibitor (NAI) resistance phenotype, the recombinant influenza A/Chungbuk/4448/2008(H1N1) virus isolated in South Korea during the 2008–2009 season was generated by reverse genetics.
Methods
Site-directed mutagenesis was introduced on the NA gene of A/Chungbuk/4448/2008(H1N1) virus, and a total of 23 single, double, and triple mutants were generated. Resistance phenotype of these recombinant viruses was determined by NA-inhibition (NAI) assays based on a fluorometric method using two NAIs (oseltamivir and zanamivir).
Results
NA-inhibition assays showed that all the single and double mutants containing the Y275 except the single Y275-E119V mutant conferred important levels of resistance to oseltamivir, whereas all the single, double, and triple mutants containing the E119V mutation were associated with the resistance to zanamivir.
Conclusion
Considering the effect of mutations in NA gene on the resistance to NAIs, it is important to monitor the possible emergence and dissemination of multidrug-resistant variants in the human population due to amino acid changes at NA gene as well as to develop novel NAIs.

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Article

Prevalence of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in Ixodid Ticks Collected from the Republic of Korea During 2011–2012: Seok-Min Yun, Bong Gu Song, WooYoung Choi, Won Il Park, Sung Yun Kim, Jong Yul Roh, Jungsang Ryou, Young Ran Ju, Chan Park, E-Hyun Shin; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2012;3(4):213-221. Published online December 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2012.10.004

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
In this study, we demonstrated that TBEV-infected ticks have been distributed in the ROK, combined with our previous results. These results suggest that TBEV may exist in the ROK, and H. longicornis, H. flava, and I. nipponensis may be potential vectors of TBEV. In addition, these results emphasize the need for further epidemiological research of TBEV.
Methods
We examined for the presence of RNA of TBEV by reverse transcriptase-nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nested PCR) using ixodid ticks captured in 25 localities of 10 provinces. Ticks were collected by the flagging and dragging method or using sentinel BG traps at forests, grass thickets, and grassland. A total of 13,053 ticks belonging to two genera and four species were collected and pooled (1292 pools), according to collection site, species of tick, and developmental stage.
Results
Among 1292 pools, the envelope (E) protein gene of TBEV was detected using RT-nested PCR in 10 pools (3 pools of the 1,331 adult ticks and 7 pools of the 11,169 nymph ticks) collected from Gangwon-do province, Jeonrabuk-do province, and Jeju Island. The minimum infection rates for TBEV of Haemaphysalis longicornis, Haemaphysalis flava, and Ixodes nipponensis were 0.06%, 0.17%, and 2.38%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on the partial E protein gene was performed to identify relationships between the TBEV strains. This showed that 10 Korean strains clustered with the Western subtype.
Conclusion
In this study, we investigated the prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in ixodid ticks from various regions of the Republic of Korea (ROK) during 2011–2012 to identify whether TBEV is circulating and to determine the endemic regions of TBEV.

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