<sec><title>Objectives</title><p>An atypical <italic>Shigella flexneri</italic> strain with a plural agglutination pattern [i.e., reacting not only with serum samples containing type antigen II but also with serum samples containing group antigens (3)4 and 7(8)] was selected for genome sequencing, with the aim of obtaining additional comparative information about such strains.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>The genomic DNA of atypical <italic>S. flexneri</italic> strain NCCP 15744 was sequenced using an Ion Torrent PGM sequencing machine (Life Technologies, USA). The raw sequence data were preprocessed and reference-assembled in the CLC Assembly Cell software (version 4.0.6; CLC bio, USA).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Ion Torrent sequencing produced 1,450,025 single reads with an average length of 144 bp, totaling ~209 Mbp. The NCCP 15744 genome is composed of one chromosome and four plasmids and contains a <italic>gtrX</italic> gene. Among the published genome sequences of <italic>S. flexneri</italic> strains, including 2457T, Sf301, and 2002017, strain NCCP 15744 showed high similarity with strain 2002017. The differences between NCCP 15744 and 2002017 are as follows: i) NCCP 15744 carries four plasmids whereas 2002017 carries five; ii) 19 genes (including <italic>CI</italic>, <italic>CII</italic>, and <italic>cro</italic>) were lost in the <italic>SHI-O</italic> genomic island of NCCP 15744 and six genes were gained as compared with strain 2002017.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Strain NCCP 15744 is genetically similar to 2002017, but these two strains have different multilocus sequence types and serotypes. The exact reason is unclear, but the 19 lost genes may be responsible for the atypical seroconversion of strain NCCP 15744.</p></sec>
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Genomic and proteomic characterization of two strains of Shigella flexneri 2 isolated from infants’ stool samples in Argentina Mónica F. Torrez Lamberti, Lucrecia C. Terán, Fabián E. Lopez, María de las Mercedes Pescaretti, Mónica A. Delgado BMC Genomics.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
<sec><title>Objectives</title><p>To investigate the prevalence and toxin production characteristics of non-emetic and emetic <italic>Bacillus cereus</italic> strains isolated via the laboratory surveillance system in Korea.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>A total of 667 <italic>B. cereus</italic> strains were collected by the Korea National Research Institute of Health laboratory surveillance system from 2012 to 2014. The collected strains were analyzed by geographical region, season, patient age, and patient sex. Additionally, the prevalence rates of enterotoxin and emetic toxin genes were evaluated.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The isolation rate of <italic>B. cereus</italic> strains increased during the summer, but the isolation rate was evenly distributed among patient age groups. Emetic toxin was produced by 20.2% of the isolated strains. The prevalence rates of five enterotoxin genes (<italic>entFM</italic>, <italic>nheA</italic>, <italic>cytK2</italic>, <italic>hblC</italic>, and <italic>bceT</italic>) were 85.0, 78.6, 44.5, 36.6, and 29.7%, respectively, among non-emetic strains and 77.8, 59.3, 17.8, 11.9 and 12.6%, respectively, among emetic strains. Thus, the prevalence rates of all five enterotoxin genes were lower in emetic <italic>B. cereus</italic>.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The prevalence of enterotoxin genes differed between non-emetic and emetic <italic>B. cereus</italic> strains. Among emetic <italic>B. cereus</italic> strains, the prevalence rates of two enterotoxin genes (<italic>cytK2</italic> and <italic>hblC</italic>) were lower than those among the non-emetic strains. In both the emetic and non-emetic strains isolated in Korea, <italic>nheA</italic> and <italic>entFM</italic> were the most prevalent enterotoxin genes.</p></sec>
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Toxigenic diversity of Bacillus cereus isolated from fresh produce and effects of various factors on the growth and the cytotoxicity of B. cereus Areum Han, Jae-Hyun Yoon, Yun-Sun Choi, Yujin Bong, Gyusuck Jung, Sung-Kwon Moon, Sun-Young Lee Food Science and Biotechnology.2024; 33(1): 219. CrossRef
Bacillus cereus containing nheA, hblC and cytk enterotoxin genes is associated with acute childhood gastroenteritis in Nigeria Ebuka E. David, Ikechuku O. Igwenyi, Ifeanyichukwu R. Iroha, Layla F. Martins, Guillermo Uceda-Campos, Aline M. da Silva Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology.2024; 51: 100666. CrossRef
A study on toxin genes and cytotoxicity levels of Bacillus cereus in various ready-to-eat foods and pastry products in Turkey Başak Gökçe ÇÖL, Harun AKSU Journal of Istanbul Veterinary Sciences.2022; 6(3): 152. CrossRef
Autoinducer-2 Could Affect Biofilm Formation by Food-Derived Bacillus cereus Nari Lee, Myo-Deok Kim, Min-Cheol Lim Indian Journal of Microbiology.2021; 61(1): 66. CrossRef
Effects of Low-Temperature Drying with Intermittent Gaseous Chlorine Dioxide Treatment on Texture and Shelf-Life of Rice Cakes Timilehin Martins Oyinloye, Won Byong Yoon Processes.2020; 8(3): 375. CrossRef
Objectives
The aim of this study was to characterize the pathogens responsible for causing diarrhea according to season, region of isolation, patient age, and sex as well as to provide useful data for the prevention of diarrheal disease. Methods
Stool specimens from 14,886 patients with diarrhea were collected to identify pathogenic bacteria from January 2014 to December 2014 in Korea. A total of 3,526 pathogenic bacteria were isolated and analyzed according to season, region of isolation, and the age and sex of the patient. Results
The breakdown of the isolated pathogenic bacteria were as follows: <i>Salmonella</i> spp. 476 (13.5%), pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> 777 (22.0%), <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> 26 (0.74%), <i>Shigella</i> spp. 13 (0.37%), <i>Campylobacter</i> spp. 215 (6.10%), <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> 508 (14.4%), <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> 1,144 (32.4%), <i>Bacillus cereus</i> 356 (10.1%), <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> 1 (0.03%), and <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i> 10 (0.3%). The isolation rate trend showed the highest ratio in the summer season from June to September for most of the pathogenic bacteria except the Gram-positive bacteria. The isolation rate of most of the pathogenic bacteria by patient age showed highest ratio in the 0–19 year age range. For isolation rate by region, 56.2% were isolated from cities and 43.8% were isolated from provinces. Conclusion
Hygiene education should be addressed for diarrheal disease-susceptible groups, such as those younger than 10 years, aged 10–19 years, and older than 70 years, and monitoring for the pathogens is still required. In addition, an efficient laboratory surveillance system for infection control should be continued.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles and Molecular Characteristics of Salmonella enterica Serovar Agona Isolated from Food-Producing Animals During 2010–2020 in South Korea Hyun-Ju Song, Sekendar Ali, Bo-Youn Moon, Hee Young Kang, Eun Jeong Noh, Tae-Sun Kim, Su-Jeong Kim, Ji-In Kim, Yun Jin Lee, Soon-Seek Yoon, Suk-Kyung Lim Foodborne Pathogens and Disease.2025; 22(3): 210. CrossRef
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns and Genetic Diversity of Campylobacter spp. Isolates from Patients with Diarrhea in South Korea So Yeon Kim, Dongheui An, Hyemi Jeong, Jonghyun Kim Microorganisms.2024; 12(1): 94. CrossRef
Comparative evaluation of two molecular multiplex syndromic panels with acute gastroenteritis Kuenyoul Park, Bo-Moon Shin Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease.2024; 109(1): 116211. CrossRef
An Outbreak of Campylobacter Jejuni Involving Healthcare Workers Detected by COVID-19 Healthcare Worker Symptom Surveillance Hye Jin Shi, Jae Baek Lee, Shinhee Hong, Joong Sik Eom, Yoonseon Park Korean Journal of Healthcare-Associated Infection .2023; 28(1): 172. CrossRef
Plant-derived nanoparticles as alternative therapy against Diarrheal pathogens in the era of antimicrobial resistance: A review Tesleem Olatunde Abolarinwa, Daniel Jesuwenu Ajose, Bukola Opeyemi Oluwarinde, Justine Fri, Kotsoana Peter Montso, Omolola Esther Fayemi, Adeyemi Oladapo Aremu, Collins Njie Ateba Frontiers in Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence, co-infection and seasonality of fecal enteropathogens from diarrheic cats in the Republic of Korea (2016–2019): a retrospective study Ye-In Oh, Kyoung-Won Seo, Do-Hyung Kim, Doo-Sung Cheon BMC Veterinary Research.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Genotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium perfringens isolated from dromedary camels, pastures and herders Mahmoud Fayez, Ibrahim Elsohaby, Theeb Al-Marri, Kamal Zidan, Ali Aldoweriej, Elham El-Sergany, Ahmed Elmoslemany Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectiou.2020; 70: 101460. CrossRef
Comparative Analysis of Aerotolerance, Antibiotic Resistance, and Virulence Gene Prevalence in Campylobacter jejuni Isolates from Retail Raw Chicken and Duck Meat in South Korea Jinshil Kim, Hyeeun Park, Junhyung Kim, Jong Hyun Kim, Jae In Jung, Seongbeom Cho, Sangryeol Ryu, Byeonghwa Jeon Microorganisms.2019; 7(10): 433. CrossRef
Guideline for the Antibiotic Use in Acute Gastroenteritis Youn Jeong Kim, Ki-Ho Park, Dong-Ah Park, Joonhong Park, Byoung Wook Bang, Seung Soon Lee, Eun Jung Lee, Hyo-Jin Lee, Sung Kwan Hong, Yang Ree Kim Infection & Chemotherapy.2019; 51(2): 217. CrossRef
Winning the War against Multi-Drug Resistant Diarrhoeagenic Bacteria Chizoba Mercy Enemchukwu, Angus Nnamdi Oli, Ebere Innocent Okoye, Nonye Treasure Ujam, Emmanuel O. Osazuwa, George Ogonna Emechebe, Kenneth Nchekwube Okeke, Christian Chukwuemeka Ifezulike, Obiora Shedrack Ejiofor, Jude Nnaemeka Okoyeh Microorganisms.2019; 7(7): 197. CrossRef
Molecular Characterization of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in Foodborne Outbreak Sang-Hun Park, Hyun-Jung Seung, Hyo-Won Jeong, So-Yun Park, Ji-Hun Jung, Young-Hee Jin, Sung-Hee Han, Hee-Soon Kim, Jin-Seok Kim, Joo-Hyun Park, Ye-Ji Gong, Chae Kyu Hong, Jib-Ho Lee, Il-Young Kim, Kweon Jung Journal of Bacteriology and Virology.2018; 48(4): 113. CrossRef
Epidemiology of Listeria monocytogenes prevalence in foods, animals and human origin from Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis Reza Ranjbar, Mehrdad Halaji BMC Public Health.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
The Epidemiological Influence of Climatic Factors on Shigellosis Incidence Rates in Korea Yeong-Jun Song, Hae-Kwan Cheong, Myung Ki, Ji-Yeon Shin, Seung-sik Hwang, Mira Park, Moran Ki, Jiseun Lim International Journal of Environmental Research an.2018; 15(10): 2209. CrossRef
Molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance profile of Clostridium perfringens type A isolates from humans, animals, fish and their environment Jay Prakash Yadav, Suresh Chandra Das, Pankaj Dhaka, Deepthi Vijay, Manesh Kumar, Asish Kumar Mukhopadhyay, Goutam Chowdhury, Pranav Chauhan, Rahul Singh, Kuldeep Dhama, Satya Veer Singh Malik, Ashok Kumar Anaerobe.2017; 47: 120. CrossRef
Molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella from poultry industries in Korea Jin Eui Kim, Young ju Lee Irish Veterinary Journal.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Objectives
We aimed at evaluating the virulence of atypical <i>Shigella flexneri</i> II:(3)4,7(8) by DNA microarray and invasion assay. Methods
We used a customized <i>S. flexneri</i> DNA microarray to analyze an atypical <i>S. flexneri</i> II:(3)4,7(8) gene expression profile and compared it with that of the <i>S. flexneri</i> 2b strain. Results
Approximately one-quarter of the atypical <i>S. flexneri</i> II:(3)4,7(8) strain genes showed significantly altered expression profiles; 344 genes were more than two-fold upregulated, and 442 genes were more than 0.5-fold downregulated. The upregulated genes were divided into the category of 21 clusters of orthologous groups (COGs), and the “not in COGs” category included 170 genes. This category had virulence plasmid genes, including the <i>ipa-mxi-spa</i> genes required for invasion of colorectal epithelium (type III secretion system). Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction results also showed the same pattern in two more atypical <i>S. flexneri</i> II:(3)4,7(8) strains. Atypical <i>S. flexneri</i> II:(3)4,7(8) showed four times increased invasion activity in Caco-2 cells than that of typical strains. Conclusion
Our results provide the intracellularly regulated genes that may be important for adaptation and growth strategies of this atypical <i>S. flexneri</i>.
First
Prev
